Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sols – Télédétection'
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Wang, Jinnian. "Caractérisation des sols par l'analyse d'images hyperspectrales en télédétection." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4051/document.
Full textHyperspectral remote sensing has been used successfully to identify and map abundances and compositional difference of mineral groups and single mineral phases. This research will toward developing a 3D mineral mapping system that integrate surface (airborne and satellite) and subsurface (drill core) hyperspectral remote sensing data and carries it into quantitative mineral systems analysis. The main content and result is introduced as follows:- For Surface mineralogy mapping, we have developed and optimized the processing methods for accurate, seamless mineral measurements using Airborne and Satellite hyperspectral image. This requires solutions for unmixing background effects from target minerals to leave residual scaled mineral abundances equivalent to vegetation-free pixels. Another science challenge is to improve the atmospheric correction. Also Hapke BRDF model is used on the study in the linear and nonlinear mineral spectral mixing models.- For the subsurface mineralogy mapping, we have developed Field Imaging Spectrometer System (FISS) and Drill Core Logging for the subsurface mineralogy mapping, the Key science challenges will be establishing the accuracy of derived mineral products through associated laboratory analysis, including investigations from SWIR into the thermal infrared for measuring minerals.- The 3D mineral maps derived from hyperspectral methods can distinctly improve our understanding of mineral system. We use GIS system integrating surface and subsurface mineralogy mapping, with 3D mineral models for demonstration exploitation of economic mineral deposits in test site
Kerr, Yann H. B. "Echanges énergétiques à l'interface sol-atmosphère par télédétection : complémentarités des différents domaines de longueurs d'ondes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30109.
Full textTran, Truong. "ESTIMATION DE L'ÉTAT HYDRIQUE DES SOLS EN AFRIQUE DE L'OUEST PAR TÉLÉDÉTECTION SPATIALE." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608801.
Full textAichi, Hamouda. "Caractérisation des propriétés du sol par télédétection rapprochée et spatiale en milieux tempéré et aride." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARD054.
Full textSpectroscopy in the visible-Near infrared (Vis-Nir) in combination with chemometry (As Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR)) constitutes a promising tool to quantify various soil properties. Four analytical and soil spectral data bases have been constituted. The first corresponds to 22 artificial samples. The second and the third are two regional bases, respectively compounds of 125 samples from the temperate region of Brittany and 89 samples, collected in three distinct sites of the same arid region of the Djerid. The fourth is a compound of 144 samples collected on a given site of the Djerid region (580 ha). With the first base, we have : i) studied qualitatively, the influence of organic carbon and total iron contents on the spectral behavior then predicted their contents ii) studied the performance variation of the PLSR models according to the calibration set variation. The Brittany base has been analyzed for the organic carbon (CO), the totalnitrogen (Ntot), the pH, the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), the total ioron (Fetot) and coarses sand (SG)). Then while using the Principal Compotent Analysis (PCA), as selection procedure of calibration and prediction samples, we calibrated the regional 10 physico-chemical properties models and identified, for each property, which of the spectral ranges : combined Vis-NIR, Vis or NIR, offers the best prediction. The third basis served to study for the total carbon (Ctot) and the electric conductivity (EC), the effect of the calibration mode “specific site” versus” “regional” on the prediction. The third basis served to study, for the total carbon (Ctot) and the electric conductivity (EC), the effect of the calibration mode”specific site” versus “regional” on the prediction
Tran, Xuan Truong. "Estimation de l' état hybride des sols en Afrique de L'ouest par télédétection spatiale." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENU027.
Full textThe thesis works have contributed to improve the surface soi! moisture estimates and the root-zone soil moisture estimates on the Sahel band in West Africa. The first part was dedicated to assess the ability of different algorithms to estimate soi! moisture based on satellite measurements in thermal infrared spectrum. Ln the second part, a method was developed in order to obtain a soi! moisture mapping at high temporal resolution « 3h) based on two satellite products: a satellite-based rainfall product and dai!y passive microwave measurements sensitive to soi! moisture. Ln a third part, an assessment of the reliability and robustness of the methodology has been proposed. Finally, a semi-empirical method was used to produce root-zone soil moi sture maps (0-1 m) over the Sahel region. Ground-based soi! moisture measurements obtained at three sites in Mali, Niger and Benin during the AMMA pro gram were used to assess the quality of estimates of near-surface and root-zone soil moi sture at each stage of this work. The results show that an estimate of the surface soi! moisture is possible with an accuracy of less than 3% vol. Over the Sahel band. The error is about 5% vol. Over the Sudanian zone (Benin). The accuracy is identical for the root-zone soi! moi sture estimate. Finally, the developed method allows at the same time to correct satellite-based rainfall products and notably the overestimation of the annual accumulation and the number of rain events of the three rainfall satellite products used in this work
August, Thomas. "Étude et modèlisation des potentiels du SAR basse fréquence pour l'exploration de la sub-surface en contexte aride." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12571.
Full textEscadafal, Richard. "Caracterisation de la surface des sols arides par observations de terrain et par teledetection." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066175.
Full textDubucq, Michel. "Identification et cartographie par télédétection des sols érodés : application au Lauragais toulousain (Sud-Ouest France)." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30208.
Full textMarion, Rodolphe. "Apport de la télédétection hyperspectrale pour l'estimation conjointe des concentrations des gaz atmosphériques et des réflectances des sols." Cergy-Pontoise, 2003. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/03CERG0191.pdf.
Full textHyperspectral sensors are passive Earth-looking systems providing, for each pixel of the image, a spectrum in the spectral range 0. 4-2. 5 micrometers at 10 nm intervals with a typical spatial resolution of a few meters. In this study, we adress the ill-posed problem of the joint inversion of atmospheric gas concentrations and equivalent ground reflectance (excluding spectral mixing and BRDF). Existing methods (e. G. , N/W, CIBR, APDA) allow the measurement of atmospheric water vapor content with a 5-6% rms typical accuracy and are mainly limited by a partially empirical approach. The study of the radiative transfer function and sensors' characteristics yielded the development of a method named JRGE (Joint Reflectance and Gas Estimator), which takes into account all the physical assumptions of the problem. This method provides a comprehensive mathematical framework based on a ground reflectance spline model and estimates variations in concentrations (relatively to a standard atmosphere model) of a predefined set of gases contained in a plume. An iterative version of the method, which allows the retrieval of total column abundances, is presented and named IJRGE (Iterative Joint Reflectance and Gas Estimator). Validations on simulated and field data (AVIRIS and HyMap) show that the proposed method yields a 2-2. 5 enhancement factor in comparison with existing methods. Further developments, including the analysis of aerosols and sensors' calibration (e. G. , spectral shift), should thus allow the monitoring of numerous geophysical phenomena with relatively low gas emission (e. G. , industrial pollution, forest fires, volcanoes)
Corgne, Samuel. "Modélisation prédictive de l'occupation des sols en contexte agricole intensif : application à la couverture hivernale des sols en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005478.
Full textIn intensive agricultural regions, winter vegetation covering is a key indicator of water transfer processes. Its prediction can help local decision making for restoring water quality. The objective of this work is to develop a reproducible method to predict the land cover distribution for the following winter season for the two hypotheses "Bare soils" and "Covered soils". The selected modelling approach is based on an expert model using the Dempster-Shafer rule. Results are ambivalent according to the studied hypothesis. The prediction scores are good at the watershed scale but present limits for allocating the land class at a field scale, especially for the "Bare soils" class. The Dezert-Smarandache theory is then applied and increases the prediction scores for the "Bare soils" class. The reproductibility of the modelling approach is then evaluated in applying the model on another study site. The "Bare soils" class remains well evaluated with both fusion rules, but the spatial allocation of the land class at a field scale is still not well managed, that indicates the need to integrate new sources of information in the model to better predict the future land allocation
Nguyen, Cam Chi. "Dynamique, structure et production de la végétation du Gourma (Sahel, Mali) en relation avec les sols, l'occupation des sols et les systèmes hydriques : étude de télédétection à haute et moyenne résolution." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30143.
Full textThe Sahel is a semiarid region located south of the Sahara desert. The Sahel is particularly sensitive to climatic change and is subject to a high inter-annual and decadal rainfall variability. This region was marked by two periods of very severe droughts which occurred in 1983 - 1984 and 1972-1973 within a long dry period which began in 1970. This long drought deeply impacted water resources and vegetation, causing soil erosion, huge livestock losses and catastrophic harvests accentuating the impoverishment of the rural population. This study is an attempt to characterize and quantify changes in soils, vegetation and hydrology at the scale of the Gourma region (90 000 km²) located in Northern Mali from the last 55 years. Three types of remote sensing data have been used: 1) high spatial resolution Landsat images, 2) very high spatial resolution Geo-Eye images (Google-Earth) and 3) NDVI data measured by the moderate spatial resolution satellite (MODIS). The approach aims to characterize soil surface texture, local redistribution of rainwater by surface run off, surface hydrology and vegetation cover changes over the considered period. Temporal dynamics of vegetation and soils are pointed out. Particularly, this study shows the strong relationships between soil types, surface hydrology and vegetation dynamics at different spatial scales. Land cover changes are also characterized over the considered period
Costes, Florence. "Contribution à l'étude des signatures actives et passives micro-ondes des sols nus - application à la télédétection." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30208.
Full textOnier, Charles. "Caractérisation du résultat d'un travail du sol à l'aide d'un capteur micro-ondes : analyse numérique et expérimentale des interactions surfaciques et volumiques des ondes électromagnétiques avec le sol." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG0033.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to evaluate the soil characterization abilities of microwave sensor thank to a study of the interactions between the electromagnetic waves and the soil. This study follows a numerical approach reinforced by some experimental data. After a short review about the electromagnetic waves scattering by rough heterogeneous media and the existent models, the work focus on the development of a simulator. This leads firstly to a composition of different numerical methods which can model the free-space wave propagation with complex semi-infinite 2D structures, and secondly to a development of a rough heterogeneous medium generator which can represent, thank to an aggregate approach, a soil section. Some tests based on theoretical and experimental data are then performed which show good agreements for either electromagnetic wave scattering or soil representations. At the end, the work focus on the study of the soil characterization using a radar. In that way, experimental data gives the inputs of the soil generator to generate realistic structural states of soil which should be discriminated and simulation series are launched. The results show that different structural states may be discriminated by backscattering coefficient measures at different incidence angles. This coefficient is mainly influenced by the roughness due to the presence of clods at the surface. However, the roughness is not directly linked to the clod size and the backscattering coefficient is also influenced by the moisture : further investigations are still needed. Mainly, information on the volume are visible in the scattering signal and a temporal signal processing may allow to extract them
Leroux, Delphine. "Analyses statistiques et modèles d'inversion pour la validation des données d'humidité des sols de la mission SMOS." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776536.
Full textBreuer, Axel. "Estimation de l'humidité des sols par des mesures SAR polarimétriques." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10115.
Full textBou, Kheir Rania. "Etude des risques d'érosion hydrique des sols par télédétection et SIG : application à une région représentative du Liban." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0034.
Full textDespan, Daniela. "Modèles théoriques et mesures de la diffusion du rayonnement électromagnétique dans le domaine optique et radar par des sols avec des surfaces lisses et rugueuses." Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0052.
Full textLesaignoux, Audrey. "Estimation de l'humidité de surface des sols nus à partir de l'imagerie hyperspectrale à haute résolution spatiale sur le domaine optique 0. 4 - 14 µm." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0023.
Full textDjamai, Najib. "Exploitation des images satellitaires Modis-Terra pour la caractérisation des états de surface : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27678/27678.pdf.
Full textBiancheri-Astier, Marc. "Etude et modélisation des performances du radar bistatique "EISS" conçu et développé pour le sondage profond des sous-sols planétaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0058.
Full textLittle information is available on the composition of the planet’s sub-surface. The search for potential water reservoirs, which may have persisted at kilometric depths is still relevant. The EM sounding appears as one of the most promising ways. A Ground Penetrating Radar EISS Electromagnetic Investigation of the SubSurface has been designed for the ExoMars mission and allowing the survey of the deep subsurface in mono and bistatic mode. We present results of studies conducted on the optimization of the EISS’s electrical antenna which is composed of two loaded monopoles and on the impact of the angle between these two monopolies on the EISS. The electrical coupling between the antenna and the near subsurface was analyzed to estimate the permittivity of the geological top layer. Different techniques of data interpretation in terms of detection, three-dimensional localization and characterization of subsurface layers are proposed and evaluated using simulated data
Corgne, Samuel. "Modélisation prédictive de l'occupation des sols en contexte agricole intensifApplication à la couverture hivernale des sols en Bretagne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005478.
Full textMathieu, Renaud. "Erosion hydrique des sols granitiques de la Cordillère cotière du Chili central : cartographie et utilisation de l'imagerie spatiale." Marne-la-Vallée, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MARN0026.
Full textGorrab, Azza. "Développement et validation de méthodologies pour le suivi des états de surface des sols agricoles nus par télédétection radar (bande X)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30039/document.
Full textThe characterization of geometric, water and physical surface soil parameters for semi-arid regions is a key requirement for sustainable agricultural management and natural resources conservation. In this context, the current study aims to estimate the spatio-temporal variability of soil properties (soil moisture, roughness and texture) using multi-temporal X-band radar images acquired at high spatial resolution over bare agricultural site in Tunisia. In the first section of this work, a new roughness parameter was proposed; it was the Zg parameter which combines the three most commonly used soil parameters: root mean surface height "s", correlation length "l", and correlation function shape, into just one parameter. A strong correlation was observed between this new parameter and the radar backscattering simulations. The parameter Zg was validated using large database acquired at several agricultural sites in France. Secondly, the sensitivity of X-band TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed sensors to soil moisture and different roughness parameters (s, Zs=s2/l and Zg parameters) was analyzed. The radar measurements acquired at different configurations (HH and VV polarizations, incidence angles of 26° and 36°) were found to be highly sensitive to the various soil parameters of interest. After that, the performance of different physical and semi-empirical backscattering models (IEM, Baghdadi-calibrated IEM and Dubois models) is compared with SAR measurements. Considerable improvements in the IEM model performance were observed using the Baghdadi-calibrated version of this model. Thirdly, an empirical change detection approach was developed using TerraSAR-X data and ground auxiliary thetaprobe network measurements for the retrieval of surface soil moisture at a high spatial resolution. The accuracy of the soil moisture retrieval algorithm was determined, and validated successfully over numerous test fields. Maps of soil clay percentages at the studied site were derived from the mean of the seven soil moisture radar outputs (a root mean square error equal to 108 g/kg). To retrieve surface soil roughness, empirical expressions were established between backscattering TerraSAR-X coefficients data and the roughness parameters (s and Zg). By inversing radar signals, resulting surface roughness maps have revealed that is possible to use spatial roughness variability observations at plot scale to identify soil surface changes between multi-temporal images. Finally, a Bare Soil HYdrological balance Model "MHYSAN" was developed to estimate surface evaporation fluxes and soil moisture time series over our study site. The present section of this work highlighted the feasibility of calibrating our proposed MHYSAN model through the use of multi-temporal TerraSAR-X moisture products
Sylvain, Jean-Daniel. "Développement et validation d'indices spectraux pour la cartographie des propriétés physiques des sols une approche multitemporelle appliquée dans le bassin versant du ruisseau Ewing (Qc)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5634.
Full textLecerf, Rémi. "Suivi des changements d'occupation et d'utilisation des sols d'origine anthropique et climatique à l'échelle régionale par télédétection moyenne résolution (application à la Bretagne)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337099.
Full textChehbouni, Abdelghani. "Présentation d'un modèle de transfert couplé de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-végétation-atmosphère pour les zones arides et semi-arides." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30083.
Full textCognard-Plancq, Anne-Laure. "Suivi de l'état hydrique des sols par télédétection spatiale (radar et thermographie infrarouge) et modélisation hydrologique à l'échelle du bassin versant." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112519.
Full textTouriño, Soto Ignacio. "Mise en relation de la cartographie du rendement avec la distribution spatiale de l'état de surface du sol observée par télédétection : application dans un contexte d'agriculture de précision." Toulouse, INPT, 2005. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000271/.
Full textSrijantr, Pongsant. "Appui méthodologique à l'application d'une politique agricole : utilisation de la télédétection pour caractériser les sols en vue de la gestion des ressources en eau de la plaine centrale de Thai͏̈lande (Kamphaengsaen, province de Nakhon Pathom)." Bordeaux 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR30046.
Full textThe objective of the present research is to find out the methodological image processings of raws data landsat thematic mapper in order to determine the soil characteristics in the central plain of thailand for water resources management prospective, and on behalf of testing the avantage of remote sensing in the framework of agricultural policy. The landsat tm image acquired during the end of dry season (08 april 1991) in the central region. The numerical data of six bands landsat tm were processed without the band tm6 and without the sampling of test areas by the principal component factors analysis (pca) for study the soil moisture behaviors. The classification of surface stages had been carried out by the stepwish discriminant analysis with the seven bands of landsat tm numerical raws data in order to classify the bare soils in particular of the soil textures and the soil moisture stages. The results of image processings were displayed in the form of classified images. It is possible to process the pca direct so as to obtain the first three linear components of a pca which explained more than 95 % of variance. The result images of the third component permitted to elaborate the soil moisture index. We can classify the various surface stages related the agro-ecological landscapes and corresponding with the spectral graphics of radiometric reflectance values of the training areas. The obtained map of surface stages show : kinds of crops cultivation, soil moisture stages, stages of crops growing, kinds of soil textures and different water surfaces. The classified images and the obtained maps may be used to determine the suitable areas of rice production, and to mark off the hydromorphic soils with high moisture retension. These images and informations can contribute a improvement soil maps, a water resources management, a soil management and provided a better orientation and organization of new agricultural policy of thai government
Parrens, Marie. "Assimilation des données SMOS dans un modèle des surfaces continentales : mise en œuvre et évaluation sur la France." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2147/.
Full textAssimilating surface soil moisture (SSM) in a land surface model permits a better monitoring of the soil water content. Remote sensing is an indispensable tool for monitoring the evolution of SSM, both spatially and temporally. SMOS was launched in November 2009 and it is the first satellite specifically dedicated to SSM mapping over continents. A comparison of the first SMOS data with ASCAT over France showed that the ASCAT product was better correlated with in situ SSM observations and with SSM simulations for the year 2010. Over bare soil plot of SMOSREX (2003-2005), in situ SSM were assimilated into a new multi-layer version of the soil module of the Interaction between the Soil, Biosphere, Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model. A simplified Extended Kalman Filter was used to analyze 11 soil layers of the ISBA multi-layer version (ISBA-DF). For dry periods, corrections affected a shallow 0-15 cm top soil layer. For wet period, weaker corrections were applied for the entire column. To prepare the assimilation of the TB, the TB were produced by coupling ISBA-DF with a microwave emission model (CMEM). With ISBA-DF, computing TB using the Wilheit smooth surface emissivity and taking into account an impact of SSM on soil roughness is recommended. Finally, the SMOSREX TB observations were assimilated by ISBA-DF. Considering CMEM as an observation operator provided a SSM and total soil water content analysis similar to the analysis obtained by assimilating direct SSM observations in ISBA-DF
Muñoz, Sabater Joaquín. "Assimilation de données de télédétection pour le suivi des surfaces continentales : Mise en oeuvre sur un site expérimental." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157976.
Full textBachelier, Elodie. "Modélisation électromagnétique des effets de diffusion de surface et de volume des sols par la méthode des différences finies." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ESAE0017.
Full textAlbergel, Clément. "Assimilation de données de télédétection dans le modèle ISBA-A-gs pour une analyse conjointe de la biomasse et de l'état hydrique du sol." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/955/.
Full textThe main goal of this thesis is to study how the use of remotely sensed data can improve the performances of the ISBA-A-gs Land Surface Model. Firstly the ability of ISBA-A-gs for modelling the main surface variables, water energy and carbon fluxes, has been evaluated. Then, in situ observations of surface soil moisture gathered from the SMOSMANIA soil moisture network of Météo-France were used to evaluate remotely sensed surface soil moisture. These in situ soil moisture measurements have been also used to evaluate various synthetics soil moisture products: from the SIM suite of models and operational analysis of Météo-France (ALADIN model) as well as from ECMWF (IFS system). Finally step the root zone soil moisture has been analyzed from observed surface soil moisture. A simplified extended Kalman filter has been coupled to ISBA-A-gs. In situ data is also used in order to demonstrate the positive impact of the joint assimilation of surface soil moisture and LAI observations on vegetation, water, energy and carbon fluxes. The recursive formulation of an exponential filter depending only on surface soil moisture to retrieve the variations of the root zone soil moisture was used with satisfactory results, also
San, Emeterio Cabañes José Luis. "Désertification ou reverdissement ? Etude multiscalaire de l'évolution du couvert végétal en Afrique Sahélienne à partir de données de télédétection." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC079.
Full textThe Sahel region has become the archetype of desertification and land degradation since the important droughts that took place during the 70s and 80s. However, the rainfall recovery since the middle of the 90s and the re-greening trend observed from remoting sensed vegetation indexes has challenged the view of an advancing desertification in the Sahel. Nevertheless, the relation between these indexes and land degradation is very complex and the conclusions made are sometimes contradictory. In fact, the high climate variability and the important landscape mutations, due to demographic growth, make of land degradation assessment a difficult task in this region. The strong interdependency between temporal and spatial scales of land degradation, led to carry out a multi-scalar analysis to understand; what is the actual situation of the Sahel concerning land degradation, and what is the most effective way to assess this phenomenon at a regional scale. This analysis has been done for the entire Sahel region during the period 1982-2011using the NDVI GIMMS-3g vegetation index and rainfall products. It has been later transposed to south-west Niger using the NDVI MODIS index and aerial and satellite photographs of the last decades
Nghiem, Van Tuan. "Impact du changement du mode d'occupation des sols sur le fonctionnement hydrogéochimique des grands bassins versants : cas du bassin versant de l'Ain." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU009/document.
Full textFrance, as well as other European countries, experiences a sharp decline in rural population and at the same time its agricultural potential. This significant decline recorded over the past thirty years is the direct result of the mass exodus of the population to big cities. This change was accompanied by the gradual closure of landscapes usually marked by a rapid colonization of forest species. These changes also felt under the direct impact of climate change, which favors certain species than others. From the point of view of watershed management, it is very important to know how these changes might affect water resources. The implementation of the framework directive on water, 24 October 2012, defines the structures of water management on hydrological units (watershed, groundwater, etc.) for a good water status by 2015 and compliance goals for 2027 under a new water framework directive (WFD). This implementation requires taking into account the spatial and thematic diversity data on hydrologic unit considered. Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are useful tools to represent this diversity. They serve both the organization, updating and analysis of spatial data. They are also useful for setting the hydrogeochemical models in order to simulate the spatio-temporal variability of water resources. The value of RS and GIS coupled in the hydrogeochemical model WARMF is highlighted in the case study of a large watershed of the Massif Jura: Ain watershed (4780 km ²). This study addresses the problems that arise when a WFD: estimating quantities of water on non-measured sectors, forecasting quantities according to land-use and climate scenarios, vulnerability of water resources, the effect of organic matter on water quality. This study provides a scientific basis for the formulation of strategies for the management of water resources. The coupling of remote sensing and GIS in the hydrogeochemical models is a new approach offering great benefits in terms of data availability, the construction of scenarios, and interpretation of results. This approach will be an effective tool for decision support for integrated management of water resources of lakes and wider catchment (oxygen, pH, etc.)
Le, Morvan Aurélie. "Modifications des modèles de diffusion pour une meilleure compréhension de la mesure radar sur les sols agricoles nus." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00583141.
Full textMichot, Didier. "Intérêt de la géophysique de subsurface et de la télédétection multispectrale pour la cartographie des sols et le suivi de leur fonctionnement hydrique à l'échelle intraparcellaire." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066223.
Full textGiosa, Alain. "Les agrosystèmes antiques du Châtillonnais : approche archéopédologique de la mémoire des forêts dans les parcellaires reconnus par télédétection LiDAR." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H003.
Full textForests preserve archaeological field systems and settlements. Airborne laser scanning and LiDAR data provide the opportunity of an extensive analysis of these landscapes, allowing the recognition of historical variations of human geography. The archaeological study of ancient field systems also allows the assessment of the long-term effects of agriculture on soil chemistry, highlighting the resilience of these environments. This PhD aims to investigate the potential of woodland archaeology for studying ancient agrosystems in the Paris Basin. Two methods are presented for the analysis of the "memory of the forests": a protocol for dating ancient fields systems recognized by LiDAR data, and an archeopedological method for studying the soils of these disused field systems, connecting past land use to current soil chemistry. Our research was implemented in the forests of the Châtillonnais area (Côte-d'Or, Burgundy-Franche-Comté, France). The analytical procedures we developed are tested out on three field systems preserved in woodlands: Vaucossier, Roche Chambain, and la Caverne. These sites were primarily known for their GalloRoman period settlements. The results demonstrate that these ancient field systems have been reoccupied several times since the Gallo-Roman people left, most notably during the Modern Period. Our analysis highlights past land use and agricultural practices and puts forward the long-term effects of hum an activities on soil chemistry
Masse, Antoine. "Développement et automatisation de méthodes de classification à partir de séries temporelles d'images de télédétection - Application aux changements d'occupation des sols et à l'estimation du bilan carbone." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921853.
Full textHa, Minh Cuong. "Evolution de l'humidité des sols et analyse de l'altimétrie fluviale par GNSS-R." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30201/document.
Full textWater is an integral part of life on our planet and it plays an important role in climatic changes. Water resources research is, therefore, very important for the climate communities to not only closely monitor the regional and global water supply budget, but to also understand changes in frequency of occurrence and strength of individual weather events. This is especially true for extreme weather events, which have great societal and economic impacts. Whether we will have more or more intense tropical storms, mega-snow events, or dust-bowls in the near or far future climate. This is one of the key focus areas of climate research. The aim of my PhD work is to provide some answers to assess the impact of future climate change threats on water resources. And we are trying to find the adaptive tools needed for sustainable water resources management. In an effort to optimize water resource management, it is crucial to improve soil moisture situation awareness. With the advent of remote sensing, soil moisture is systematically monitored at the global scale but at the expense of the temporal and/or spatial resolution. Recent studies suggested to take advantage of continuously emitted waves by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations, to retrieve soil moisture. This opportunistic remote sensing technique, known as GNSS Reflectometry (GNSS-R), consists in comparing the interference of reflected waves by the ground and those which come directly from satellites. In my thesis, I focused on GNSS-R technique base on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recorded by conventional GNSS receiver with single antenna to retrieve soil moisture variations. Previous studies show the efficiency of this methodology for clay soil and I demonstrate for the first time, it's efficiency for sandy soil using Unwrapping phase method. This method that I propose has been successfully applied to determine local soil moisture variations of : (1) 100% of sand in Volleyball playground (Toulouse, France); and (2) >85% of sand in the Sahelian critical zone of Dahra (Senegal). In addition, accurate and continuous measurement of river water levels is an important element in water resource management, to obtain an ongoing estimate of the river's flow around the world. The accuracy of GNSS-R technique for river altimetry is useful for detection of extreme hydrological events and to show the competition between continental and oceanic water near coastal area. The two methods, Least Square and "Larson" methods, has been successfully applied to determine local variations in Vietnam of: (1) the Red river (21°02'44.04"N, 105°51'48.86"E) to identify flood events and morphological changes associated to the hydrological events (tropical storm) in 2016; and (2) the Mekong river delta (9°31'38.63"N, 106°12'2.01"E) where continental water interacts with oceanic water. My work shows that GNSS-R is a powerful alternative and a significant complement to the current measurement techniques for managing water resource by establishing a link between the different temporal and spatial resolutions currently achieved by conventional tools (in-situ sensors, remote sensing radar, etc.). This technique has a great advantage based on already-developed and sustainable GNSS satellites networks and can be applied to any GNSS geodetic station. Therefore, by installing a processing chain of the SNR acquisitions, we are able to monitor various environmental parameters i.e. height river, local slope of water surface, flooded areas, soil moisture variations and even vegetation/plant height
Allain, Sophie. "Caractérisation d'un sol nu à partir de données SAR polarimétriques. Etude multi-fréquentielle et multi-résolutions." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012010.
Full textDes relations quantitatives entre la rugosité et l'humidité du sol et des descripteurs polarimétriques sont déterminées au moyen d'un modèle de diffusion utilisant la méthode de l'équation intégrale. Deux algorithmes d'inversion multi-fréquentiels sont développés pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques d'une surface et sont appliqués sur des mesures SAR polarimétriques acquises au laboratoire européen JRC.
La réponse électromagnétique d'une surface rugueuse dépend aussi de la taille de la cellule de résolution radar. La relation entre la résolution SAR et les caractéristiques polarimétriques d'une surface est établie en partageant son spectre en deux composantes. Un nouveau modèle de diffusion prenant en compte la résolution est ainsi présenté et validé sur des données multi-résolutions polarimétriques.
Rodes, Arnau Isabel. "Estimation de l'occupation des sols à grande échelle pour l'exploitation d'images d'observation de la Terre à hautes résolutions spatiale, spectrale et temporelle." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30375/document.
Full textThe new generation Earth observation missions such as Sentinel-2 (a twin-satellite initiative prepared by the European Space Agency, ESA, in the frame of the Copernicus programme, previously known as Global Monitoring for Environment and Security or GMES) and Venµs, jointly developed by the French Space Agency (Centre National d'Études Spatiales, CNES) and the Israeli Space Agency (ISA), will revolutionize present-day environmental monitoring with the yielding of unseen volumes of data in terms of spectral richness, temporal revisit and spatial resolution. Venµs will deliver images in 12 spectral bands from 412 to 910 nm, a repetitivity of 2 days, and a spatial resolution of 10 m; the twin Sentinel-2 satellites will provide coverage in 13 spectral bands from 443 to 2200 nm, with a repetitivity of 5 days, and spatial resolutions of 10 to 60m. The efficient production of land cover maps based on the exploitation of such volumes of information for large areas is challenging both in terms of processing costs and data variability. In general, conventional methods either make use of supervised approaches (too costly in terms of manual work for large areas), target specialised local models for precise problem areas (not applicable to other terrains or applications), or include complex physical models with inhibitory processing costs. These existent present-day approaches are thus inefficient for the exploitation of the new type of data that the new missions will provide, and a need arises for the implementation of accurate, fast and minimally supervised methods that allow for generalisation to large scale areas with high resolutions. In order to allow for the exploitation of the previously described volumes of data, the objective of this thesis is the conception, design, and validation of a fully automatic approach that allows the estimation of large-area land cover with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution Earth observation imagery, being generalisable to different landscapes, and offering operational computation times with simulated satellite data sets, in preparation of the coming missions
Alhaskeer, Ziad. "Analyse cartographique de la structure des paysages de vallées : évaluation de la dynamique des paysages de vallées du bassin versant de la Maine à partir de la télédétection et de SIG." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793094.
Full textBoulvert, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude du milieu naturel centrafricain : exploitation et corrélation des données obtenues par photointerprétation, télédétection et travaux de terrain pour la réalisation des cartes pédologique, phytogéographique et géomorphologique à 1/1000000 de la République centrafricaine." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS016.
Full textKALLEL, Abdelaziz. "Inversion d’images satellites « haute résolution » visible / infrarouge pour le suivi de la couverture végétale des sols en hiver par modélisation du transfert radiatif : fusion de données et classification." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112333.
Full textEstimation of vegetation features from space is of high interest for hydrologist community since land cover during winter in agricultural regions strongly influences soil erosion processes and water quality. The object of this PhD Thesis is then the estimation of the vegetation cover (more precisely its density thought the vegetation cover fraction, fCover) using ‘high resolution’ remote sensing data in the Visible and the Near Infrared domain. The Yar experimental watershed (in Britain) was used for our work validation. First, we have studied the modelling (direct and inverse models) of the interaction between the solar radiation and the vegetation in the visible and Near Infrared domains, using the Radiative Transfer (RT) theory. The proposed direct RT model is based on Adding and SAIL formalisms, enhancing the modelling of the diffuse fluxes and taking into account the multi hot spot effect. Then, to inverse the fCover, we pitch on a semi-empirical model based on the fCover isoline parameterization using the coupled model SAIL/Adding. Then, to improve the estimation of the fCover, we propose to combine the results provided by our inverse model with other vegetation indices. For this, in the framework of the evidence theory, a new combination rule taking into account the correlation between indices was developed. Finally, in order to obtain a map of the fCover classes, we have proposed a new Markov classification relaxing the assumption of stationary of neighbourhood form to use an adaptive neighbourhood for each pixel
Tardy, Benjamin. "Méthodes d'exploitation de données historiques pour la production de cartes d'occupation des sols à partir d'images de télédétection et en absence de données de référence de la période à cartographier." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30261.
Full textThe study of continental surfaces is a major global challenge for the monitoring and management of territories, particularly in terms of the distribution between urban expansion, agricultural land and natural areas. In this context, land cover maps characterizing the biophysical cover of land are an essential asset for the analysis of continental surfaces. Supervised classification algorithms allow, from annual time series of satellite images and reference data, to automatically produce the map of the corresponding period. However, reference data is expensive information to obtain, especially over large areas. Indeed, field survey campaigns require a high human cost, and databases are associated with long update times. In addition, these reference data are valid only for the corresponding period due to changes in land use. These changes mainly concern urban expansion at the expense of natural areas, and agricultural land subject to crop rotation. The general objective of the thesis is to propose methods for producing land cover maps without exploiting the reference data of the corresponding period. The work carried out is based on the creation of a land cover history. This history includes all the information available for the area of interest: land cover maps, image time series, reference data, classification models, etc. A first part of the work considers that the history contains only one period. Thanks to this history we proposed a \g{naïve} classification approach allowing to use a classifier already trained, over a new period. The performances obtained shown that this approach is insufficient, thus requiring more efficient methods. Domain adaptation makes it possible to address this type of problem. We considered two approaches: data projection via canonical correlation analysis and optimal transport. These two approaches allow the historical data to be projected in order to reduce differences with the year to be processed. Nevertheless, these approaches offer results equivalent to the naive classification for much more significant production costs. [...]
Juglea, Silvia. "Simulation de l'humidité du sol-température de brillance à partir des données in situ dans le cadre de la validation des produits SMOS : site test Valencia Anchor Station." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697305.
Full textTra, Bi Zamblé Armand. "Etude de l'impact des activités anthropiques et de la variabilité climatique sur la végétation et les usages des sols, par utilisation de la télédétection et des statistiques agricoles, sur le bassin versant du Bouregreg (MAROC)." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0008/document.
Full textThe Bouregreg watershed is located in the Northwest central Morocco. It’s a semi-arid basin of the humid part of the kingdom. Agriculture is a key pillar of the Moroccan economy. However, the agricultural area of the country is limited due to adverse climate conditions. This agricultural, area located in humid regions is only 20% of the national territory, hence a particular interest in favorable agricultural areas as Bouregreg watershed. Furthermore, although Morocco has undertaken major investments in irrigation, some areas such as the Bouregreg basin remained on the sidelines of this policy for reasons related to their natural fragility. Paradoxically, despite the attention given to irrigated agriculture in the various agricultural development policies of the country since independence, rainfed agriculture remains the main source of agricultural production, especially grain. Well, this rainfed agriculture associated with a significant ranching, focuses more on climatically favorable areas such as the Bouregreg basin, without taking into account the fragility of the soil and natural vegetation of these areas. The present study, conducted with the support of the SIGMED project, highlights the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation and soil of the Bouregreg basin under the combined action of adverse anthropogenic and climatic pressures from 1980 to 2009. This study uses the tool of remote sensing, GIS and statistical. Analysis of remote sensing is made from multiple scales from low resolution to high spatial resolution. It is the same for the temporal analysis, where are used both images of high temporal repetitiveness (NOAA and MODIS) and low temporal resolution (LANDSAT AND SPOT 5). Exploitation of these images combines remote sensing and statistical time series analysis and correlation. Analysis of various interactions between the dynamics of natural factors, including climate, and the anthropogenic factors, is carried out by GIS. For further reflection in the field of geographical prospective about the future of the basin in a climate environment increasingly unfavorable, climate analyzes were made from projections of regional climate models for 2050 and 2100 horizons. The main results of this study showed a significant decrease in plant productivity due to more increasing degradation caused by farming and climate actions. Based on the projections of climate models, this dynamics is likely to continue, so that beyond 2050, the system of rainfed production will have to disappear. As for forest formation, they should suffer as result more pressure which should lead to their disappearance. If an effective backup policy is not implemented. This dynamics to be highlights the importance of the issue of adaptation basin conditions of climate change
Servenay, Alice. "Tepetates et sols dégradés du Nord Michoacán, Mexique : comportement spectral, organisation spatiale et enjeu économique et social." Toulouse 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU20084.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study called in Mexico. In the Northern part of Michoacan (Mexico), "tepetates" (volcanic hardened soils) are a strong limitation for natural environment and agriculture. A hierarchical approach of landscapes through remote sensing data coupled with ground information allowed us to analyze the eroded areas and outcropping. The spectral signature of tepetates was characterized through measurements on the field and in laboratory. From SPOT-HRV data we made "target" classifications that distinguish 4 stages of soil erosion. Over aerial photographs of 1975, 1995 and 1999 we analyzed spatio-temporal evolution of bare soils and seen them increased for 3 study area over 4. Socio-economical study was conducted with peasants living in villages near these study areas and allowed us to analyze ecological and economical strategies link with agriculture and soil erosion problems. The analysis of all these results leads us to give advises for erosion prevention of fragile areas instead of an heavy rehabilitation ion of already very eroded areas
Payet, Évelyne. "Étude des dynamiques de dégradation des sols, à l'échelle des bassins versants côtiers de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0031/document.
Full textSince the 20th centuries, the Southwest of Indian Ocean is particularly affected by anthropogenic degradations. This study aims to analyze degradations on drainage basin scale, which allows a suitable monitoring of critical areas, in the southwest of Indian Ocean. It focus on the assessment of land degradation and its causes, land cover change and erosion.The main difficulty stands in the implementation of reproducible methods and proceeds for developed and developing countries. In light of this, remote sensing data are relevant. Those data enable a regular observation of phenomena, allowing a full description of isolated lands and at different scale. This study combined, remote sensing data processing, spatial analysis and modeling to analyze degradations. Approaches include, data collection, their formatting or their preprocessing. Land cover information provided from Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) methodologies and Geographical Information System (GIS) authorized data conditioning and modeling. On the Fiherenana catchment, soil loss has been computed taking into account land cover changes. Those information were provided from SPOT 4 and 5 images from 2001 to 2013. Results confirmed the forest degradation especially in Ranobé, where we recorded a loss of more than 230 km² over 12 years. Lands affected by erosion process, spatialized and quantified by RUSLE model, also increased over this period. On La Rivière des Pluies, IGN’s orthophotographies, from 1997 until 2012, permitted urbans imprint analyzing. On Grand Éboulis site, vegetation monitoring revealed slumps. The study exposed spatial and quantitative results highlighting degradations dynamics on catchm