Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sols – Teneur en éléments traces'
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Ponthieu, Marie. "Spéciation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les solutions des sols : du modèle au terrain." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30059.
Full textNowadays, environmental problems related to soil pollution with heavy metals are numerous, therefore, it is important to understand metals behavior in soils and to appreciate their transfer. The fate of the metals in the environment is closely related to their interactions with the major reactive soil compartments (organic matter, iron and manganese oxides, clays). The objective of this work is to develop an approach based on the combination of several model to study metal ion speciation in the soil and the soil solution. Models used to describe the interactions of metals with the main reactive phases in the soil are CD-MUSIC (amorphous and crystallized iron oxides), NICA-Donnarf (organic matter and manganese oxides), cationic ion exchange model (clays). First, this work implies the definition of generic parameters to describe the interactions of the studied metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) with iron and manganese oxides, a part of this information is missing in the literature. Then, after the validation of the approach by comparison with analytical results, this multi-surface model is applied to two contaminated soils located in the North of France (atmospheric deposits) and in Brittany (intensive pig manure applications)
Parat, Corinne. "Effets à long terme de l'apport répété de déchets organiques sur l'évolution de la matière organique et des éléments traces métalliques dans un sol sableux acide (Couhins, 33)." Dijon, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01556412.
Full textMassoura, Stamatia. "Spéciation et phytodisponibilité du nickel dans les sols." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL009N.
Full textThis thesis relates to the study of parameters which influence the dynamic of nickel and its radionuclide 63 Ni in soils. At the Saille time, the study of the chemical and biological characteriza- tion of these elements availability in the soils is done. The available pool of Ni and 63 Ni (chemical estimation) was measured by chemical and isotopic methods and soil incubations; by evaluating the interest and limits of each roethod. The factors which influence the mobility of metal in soils were thus determined. With through this study, we showed that the bio- and phyto-availability of Ni depend on the soil mineralogy, on the soil weathering, on the type of metal associations with the mineraIs, and on the quantitative presence of these mineraIs. The transfer of Ni and 63 N i from the soil to the plant depends on the metal availability in the soil and on the roots behaviour to the soil offe1, in relation to the strategies of hyperaccumulation, accumulation or exclusion of N z. Plants are able to modify the metal availability in soils by influencing the sorption processes of Ni from the solid phase to the soil solution. They are also able to change the speciation of Ni in solu- tion however the majority form of Ni in the soil solution was N i2+. Hyperaccumulators regulate Ni and 63 N i concentration in soil solution and their migration to the ground water. If the physico-chemical properties of soils, the pollutant availability and the choice of the hyperaccumulators are taken into account, the se plants are able to decrease and control durably the ecotoxicological effects of trace elements and radionuclides contamination in soils
Sterckeman, Thibault. "Caractérisation du fond géochimique en éléments en traces dans les sols issus de roches sédimentaires du Nord de la France." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL022N.
Full textSurface and deeper horizons developed in 22 parent materials were sampledin the agricultural and forest soils of Northern France. Total contents of 18 trace elements and two major elements (AI, Fe) were determined in 758 horizon samples, together with the pedological characteristics. Ln the deep horizons, the positive linear correlations of the less mobile trace elements (Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, ln, Ni, Pb, Sn, TI, V, Zn) contents with lutum(particles < 2μm), AI and Fe contents suggest that trace elements are closely associated to alumino-silicates and iron oxi-hydroxides of the finest solid phase. These correlations are close and are common to the deeper horizons of ail the parent materials, whatever their age and type. The processes of the sedimentary rock genesis, including ancient pedogenesis, did not cause any major segregation of the less mobile elements. The mobile elements (As, Cd, Hg, Mn, Mo, Sb Se) show less close relationship with the minerai phase, except Cd and As which seem particularly associated to Mn and Fe respectively. Mercury, Mn and Se show strong links with the organic matter in the deep horizons. Soit parent materials often show an enrichment with the mobile elements. Most of the calcareous rocks are enriched with Cd. Enrichments with ail trace elements, except with Co, Cr and Ni, were found in the surface horizons
Zahaby, Mohamed El. "Contribution à la définition d'une norme des sites pollués : élaboration d'une méthodologie pour l'évaluation de la contamination d'un sol par éléments tracés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL045N.
Full textQasim, Bashar Hussein. "Détermination, spéciation et biodisponibilité des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols contaminés et technosols." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2069/document.
Full textThis thesis dealt with the determination and study of the ecodynamics of trace metals in technosols highly contaminated in metals and metalloids in the context of natural revegetalisation or phytoremediation. Two sequential extraction schemes were used jointly with selective extractions in parallel with the determination of the total metals concentration in soils, the total dissolved metals concentration in the soil pore water, the metals labile pool (DGT) and germination tests with dwarf beans to investigate the speciation, mobility and phytoavailability of (Zn, Pb, Cd, As and Sb) for technosols of two post-mining (La Petite Faye) and industrial (Mortagne du Nord) sites. Additionally, young plants of P. euramericana Dorskamp were cultivated in rhizobox on Mortagne du Nord technosols to investigate the rhizospheric effect on the mobility of metals. Moreover, the effect of nitrogen addition under nitrate and ammonium on the behavior of these metals has been investigated for P. euramericana Dorskamp for the same soils. Despite the high total metals and metalloids concentration in the La Petite Faye soils, the mobility of these potentially toxic elements is limited because of their association with the residual fraction. The phytoavailability is also limited and correlated with the labile pool of technosols. The culture of P. euramericana Dorskamp generated a rhizospheric effect characterized by an increase of the pH and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil pore water and a decrease in the total dissolved concentration of metals (Zn, Pb et Cd) in the soil pore water. The addition of nitrogen under nitrate or ammonium respectively increased and decreased the soil pore water pH and in the case of ammonium the DOC also increased and stabilized metals in the rhizosphere in comparison to control soils
Hernandez, Laura. "Dynamique des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols de différents écosystèmes forestiers français : origine, distribution physique et chimique et facteurs de contrôle." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30067.
Full textDiallo, Bocar Allaye. "Fractions chimiques du plomb dans le sol et phyto-extraction du plomb par le saule (Salix miyabeana) cultivé dans un sol calcaire riche en éléments traces métalliques traité avec des amendements acides." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68021.
Full textThe presence of large amounts or mobile fraction of lead (Pb) in soils is undesirable because Pb is highly toxic even in minor quantity in the environment. The remediation of Pb in calcareous soils with high amount of metallic trace metals (MTE) can be achieved by phytostabilization or induced phytoextraction processes. For this purpose, a greenhouse study was carried out to determine the effects of elemental sulfur (S0) and mineral fertilizers (N-P-K) followed by the addition of high amounts of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to cultivated soils on the soil chemical fractions of Pb, growth parameters and uptake and accumulation of Pb in willow (Salix miyabeana) grown in a calcareous soil (mean pH 7.55) rich in MTE. The results indicate that in near neutral and weak alkaline conditions, willow accumulates very small amount of Pb (<1 mg / kg d.w, below the detection limit) in the leaves. Nevertheless, some proportion of soil Pb can be mobilized by plant roots, particularly under acidic conditions. Willow accumulates more Pb in the roots than in other plant parts, regardless of the nature of soil treatments. Soil pH plays an important role in the uptake and accumulation of Pb in willow parts. However, a pH value less than 5.5 tends to produce an excess of Pb removal and causes inhibition of leaf growth or a considerable reduction in leaf yield. This is to be considered when attempting to reduce the pH value of a calcareous soil rich in MTE to less than 6.5, in order to enhance the soil-plant transfer of Pb.
Iqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0020.
Full textThe changes in land use of contaminated agricultural soils are susceptible to modify their trace metal availabilities by changing the quality and quantity of soil organic matter. But the role of soil organic matter in the determinism of trace metal availabilities in contaminated soils is not well known. The objective of the present study was to assess the role of soil organic matter in determinism of trace metal availabilities and their dynamics in contaminated soils varying in their texture and nature of pollution. A strategy of studying Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd availabilities of two sites with different texture and origin of pollution was adopted and the role of organic matter was assessed through; 1) sampling the soils of two parcels at each site with two different land uses i.e. under annual crop and under perennial energy crop miscanthus, 2) changing the soil organic matter of these soils through in vitro soil incubations. A combined approach of chemical metal extractions and metal localization study in different soil size fractions was used. The results of the trace metal availabilities of the soil under miscanthus compared to annual crop soil showed that the influence of changes in organic matter through land use was different at both sites. In the silty clayed soil, the availability of Cu and Pb which are the metals known to be preferentially bound to organic matter was decreased with an increase in their localization in soil finer fractions. In the site with organic matter rich sandy soils the availability of metals which are known to be bound to soil mineral phases i.e. Zn and Cd was changed without a change in their localization. The results of laboratory incubation experiments revealed that the mineralization of soil organic matter affects the trace metal availability in two ways. Cu and Zn availabilities are changed in all soils whatever the texture while Pb and Cd availabilities changed only in sandy soils. This difference of the change of metal availabilities in both cases of organic matter variations i.e. between the soil samples under different land use and in the samples of laboratory incubations can be explained by the fact that the changes in organic matter were not similar in both cases. Our work on the metal enriched particulate organic matter (POM) fractions, the most labile organic matter fractions showed that POM act as source and sink of the metals in our conditions and POM associated copper is bioavailable in liquid medium but its bioavailability is less than the metal added as salt solution. These results, increasing the understanding of the role of soil organic matter in the determinism of trace metal availability in different textured soils, are discussed
Iqbal, Muhammad. "Impact de l'occupation des sols agricoles contaminés sur la disponibilité des éléments trace : Mise en évidence du role des matières organiques dans le cas de cultures annuelles et cultures pérennes à vocation énergétique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00811413.
Full textAlbert, Quentin. "Sélection de souches fongiques performantes dans la biosorption de 3 éléments traces métalliques (Cd, Cu et Pb) et étude de leur spéciation minéralogique en microcosme de sol." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC202/document.
Full textSoil contaminations by trace metals are the second most frequent contamination in the world, counting more than 5 million polluted sites. This contamination represents a risk for the environment, the economy, the agriculture and the public health. Cd, Cu, and Pb are among the most frequent and/or toxic elements of this contamination. The hardly predictable behavior of trace metals in the soil matrix turn the remediation methods into a complex issue. Biological methods could be an economic, eco-friendly, and efficient alternative. The potential of the Fungi is more and more studied in this field.Our work aim is to evaluate the tolerance and the biosorption abilities of 28 fungi isolated from polluted soils, and to select the most efficient ones to perform microcosm's experiments of polluted soils. Thus, 3 fungal isolates have been selected. Absidia cylindrospora tolerates 1000 mg.L-1 in agar medium and biosorbs more than 50% of Cd and Pb after 3 days in liquid medium. Coprinellus micaceus biosorbs 100% of Pb in liquid medium. Finally, Chaetomium atrobrunneum biosorbs more than 50% of each metals after 3 days of exposure in liquid medium.The microcosm's experiments reveal that the colonization abilities of the isolates is crucial to enhance the influence of the fungal development on the potentially mobile metal fraction. Thus, A. cylindrospora shows the best potential among the tested isolates in bioaugmented microcosms in order to decrease the potentially mobile fraction of the metals. After 20 days, this isolate decrease the potentially mobile fraction of Cd and Cu respectively by 5 and 7%. Complementary experiments are needed to improve the process (longer experiment, higher fungal biomass) and to better understand the transfers of the metals in presence of fungal organisms
Sivry, Yann. "Utilisation des isotopes stables de Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni et Pb pour quantifier le compartiment échangeable des éléments trace métalliques et de delta66Zn pour tracer les pollutions polymétalliques." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/471/.
Full textA multi-elementary spiking method has been is developpeddeveloped in order to simultaneously quantify and caracterizecharacterize simultaneously the labile pools fraction of Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb in contaminated soils. This method is has been validated by comparison with 1) radioactive Cd spiking data,g Cd and of2) chemical extractions results. In additionFurthermore, an integrated study of Zn isotopic signatures (d66Zn) in various compartments pools of two contaminated ecosystems (zinc smelting sites of Viviez-Decazeville, S. -W. Of France and of Kempen, N. -E of Belgium) has been performed allowing the identification of various allows to assume a coherent scheme of Zn isotopic fractionations during associated to the metallurgical processes. The differents d66Zn ratio observed in between "enriched" and "residual" zinc would be a powerfull tool to identify the metallurgical contaminations origins. These results demonstrate the efficiency of stable isotopes as tracers for contamination processes and sourcescontaminations tracers
Andriamalala, Aurore. "Antibiotiques apportés seuls ou en mélange (antibiotique+antibiotique et antibiotique+métaux) dans des sols agricoles – Devenir et impacts sur les microorganismes du sol et leurs activités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA022/document.
Full textThe antibiotics (ATB) used in human and veterinary medicine are largely excreted and can enter agricultural soils through the spreading of organic waste products (OWP), with unassessed risks on human health and the environment. In addition, these ATBs are most often combined with other organic and / or mineral contaminants. However, very few studies have addressed the fate and effects of ATBs interacting with other contaminants in soils.The objective of the thesis was to better understand the fate of ATB applied to soils alone or in combination with other contaminants, and their impacts on soil microorganisms and their activities.The antibiotics selected were sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), for their contrasting mode of action and behavior, and N-ac-SMX, the main metabolite of SMX. The chosen metals were copper and zinc, which are known to increase in soils with regular applications of certain OWPs. They were brought together, at an environmental dose, and at a dose 5 times higher. The soils are a control soil that has never received OWP and two soils amended since 1998, by manure or compost green waste and sewage sludge, to test the impact of repeated applications of OWP and of the nature of OWP.Microcosms were incubated under controlled conditions for 156 days. For the study of ATB fate, the soils were treated with 14C-labeled ATBs and the 14C distribution was followed in the mineralized, easily and hardly extractable and non-extractable fractions. The impact of ATBs alone or in combinations on microorganisms and their activities was studied using unlabelled ATBs.The fate of ATBs is controlled by :i) The nature and properties of ATBs: CIP is rapidly and strongly adsorbed in soils and is not mineralized. Sulfonamides are rapidly degraded and mineralized up to 10% after 156 days.The fates of the SMX and N-ac-SMX are almost similar when they are brought alone, the N-ac-SMX being transformed into SMX. Whatever the molecules, the non-extractable residues are major at the end of incubation (> 50%).ii) Previous repeated applications of OWP that enhance adsorption of ATBs and reduce their mineralization.iii) The nature of the OWP : the more stable compost promotes the production of hardly extractable residues, the manure, more degradable, stimulates the mineralization of the sulfonamides and the production of non-extractable residues.iv) The presence of other contaminants, their nature and concentration : although the CIP at environmental doses did not affect the fate of SMX and N-ac-SMX in soils, the influence of metals was measurable and increased with their dose. At low doses, metals decrease the mineralization of SMX and N-ac-SMX by a factor of 2, by promoting the adsorption of ATBs through complexation, in particular with copper. At high doses, metals inhibit the mineralization of sulfonamides, through physicochemical reactions (increased adsorption of ATBs via copper) and certainly biological effects (toxic effects especially of zinc).The sulfonamides had no effect on soil microorganisms and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen when applied alone or as a mixture with ciprofloxacin or metals at environmental doses. But mixtures with the high dose of metals induce toxic effects on microbial biomass and mineralization of carbon. These toxic effects seem mainly due to metals and not to pH or ionic strength indirect effects.Therefore under these experimental conditions, the environmental risks associated with ATBs seem limited in the short term. But it would be necessary to study the effects in the longer term and of cumulative applications
Planquart, Pierre (19. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert des métaux en traces dans le système boue compostée-sol-plante et recherche de perturbations induites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11012.
Full textGodet, Jean-Philippe. "Intérêt des isopodes terrestres dans l’évaluation de la qualité des sols : recherche de paramètres indicateurs de la pollution par des éléments traces métalliques et contribution à la mise au point d’un outil écotoxicologique de terrain." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10160/document.
Full textSoil pollution by metals traces elements (MTE) is a worldwide concern in industrialized countries. For biomonitoring, it is necessary to develop indicator tools to evaluate the quality of terrestrial medias. The aim of this thesis was to research in Oniscus asellus and Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda), indicator parameters of soil contamination by MTE, and especially of litter, to contribute to the development of ecotoxicological field tool to assess soil quality and terrestrial ecosystems. First, studies performed in situ, have concerned characterisation of woodlouse populations from ligneous habitats (abundance, age structure, reproduction, biometrical parameters, bioaccumulation) with the regard to physicochemical parameters of soil (pH, CaCO3 and MO contents, ratio C/N, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu concentrations). Secondly, studies ex situ were also performed in controlled conditions in laboratory. Parameters have concerned growth rate, bioaccumulation, behavioural avoidance or population dynamics in P. scaber exposed to field litter contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn. Field studies didn’t show any difference between woodlouse populations from contaminated sites or not. Actually, although MTE body burdens in woodlice from massively contaminated sites were high, it seemed that field populations were physiologically adapted to contaminants. In other hand, laboratory investigations were shown the interest of the use of P. scaber in ecotoxicity tests to assess litter quality. These studies have notably shown the sensitivity of growth rate and behavioural avoidance of P. scaber as endpoints in ecotoxicity tests
Kadmi, Yassine. "Étude, modélisation et simulation de la formation des sous-produits de chloration émergents dans l’eau potable." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCR0023.
Full textChlorination is the primary method used to disinfect water for human consumption. Unfortunately, this process leads to the formation of chlorination by-products of (CBPs) due to the reaction between chlorine and the organic matter naturally present in the water. To identify and quantify the CBPs, which may coexist in chlorinated water, at trace or ultra-trace levels, we have developed advanced analytical methods. The methodology developed in this work is an approach specifically dedicated to the study and modeling, which incorporates the basic parameters (effect of pH, temperature, organic matter content, the initial chlorine dose,…) involved in the formation of several CBPs. To assess the influence of these parameters, kinetic-performed evaluations on different waters under an experimental design with a series of tests, which covered the various factors mentioned above. To do this, we have developed an experimental methodology to proceed with the completion of the analysis of CBPs formed simultaneously in the same water in the same operation. Furthermore, kinetic studies, predictive models of simultaneous formation of target molecules, were established. Subsequently, a model of the formation of such coupled byproducts, along with the consumption of chlorine in the water, was carried out. Thus, the methodology proposed in this study was tested and validated following an experimental study of chlorination performed on various types of natural waters
Adusei-Gyamfi, Junias. "Caractérisation de la matière organique naturelle (MON) et de ses complexes formés avec des éléments traces métalliques dans des filières de potabilisation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R010.
Full textNatural organic matter (NOM), present in waters poses severe challenges to all stages of drinking water treatment. A disturbing phenomenon is the rapid changes in the quantity and quality of NOM observed recently, which necessitates the adaptation of drinking water treatment processes. This worrying trend gave birth to the Interreg DOC2C's Project which sought to investigate the possibility of improved NOM removal from surface waters through innovative, knowledge and research based methods. The goal of this study was to provide an innovative technique for the characterization of NOM and its complexes with trace metals. This study was performed with the help of a size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with spectral detectors (UV and Fluorescence) and an elementary detector (ICP-MS). The developed methodology was applied to both pilot and full-scale drinking water treatment plants to monitor the evolution of NOM during treatment and the potential formation of disinfection by products (DBPs). The humic substance fraction of NOM which is known to be more hydrophobic contributed most to DBP formation while the LMW and hydrophilic fractions contributed least. After humic substance removal, the decrease in DBP formation was related to the removal of building blocks. In quantifying NOM removal efficiency of pilot water treatment plant, coagulation process removes almost all biopolymers, 38% of humic substances and 17% of low molecular weight (LMW) substances, with little impact on building blocks. Suspended ion exchange resin eliminates 75% of humic substances, 70% of building blocks, 78% of LMW acids and 81% of LMW neutrals, while ultrafiltration on ceramic membranes seems to have had only a small impact on biopolymers. The results obtained from the spectral detectors were compared with that of a carbon detector (LC-OCD). The composition of the biopolymer fraction was shown to be made up for protein-like components responsible for its tryptophan-like fluorescence. The complexing properties of the different fractions of NOM was also studied after separation by size. The elemental detector helped in demonstrating the preferred fraction(s) for metal complexation. For instance, whereas Cu complexed with all NOM fractions, Zn and Pb preferred to be complexed with the building blocks. Complexation and competition of the trace metals at different NOM fractions were also observed. An innovative quantitative method was also developed by calibrating the LC-ICP-MS with EDTA and the method confirmed using organic matter standards (SRHA, SRFA) for the ligands and Cu, Mn and Zn standard solutions
Shumskykh, Mykyta. "Release of trace elements from contaminated sediments into surface waters during sediments dynamics : an experimental study." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4008.
Full textIn aquatic systems, most of trace metals (TM) are buried in sediments and then can be released according to chemical conditions and microbial activity occurring at the sediment-water interface. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of resuspension events (flood or maintenance operations for dam reservoir) on the mobility of some TM. Different batch experiment conditions were chosen to mimic those events: under oxic and anoxic conditions on raw sediments and on gamma-irradiated ones (“sterilized” one). The use of deionized water allowed maximizing the release process. Two sediment types issued from different contexts were selected: the Villerest dam reservoir (France) and the Xiang River (China). Long term experiments (30-day long) allowed identifying that organic matter degradation, microbial activity and alteration/dissolution of trace metal bearing phases were the main controlling factors. The gamma-irradiation did not sterilize sediments but only limited aerobic bacteria and enhanced anaerobic activity. The impact of such 24h resuspension event on reservoir waters and downstream biota is very limited as less than 1% of trace elements was released
Raveau, Robin. "Contribution au développement d’une filière éco-innovante de phytomanagement de sols pollués par les éléments traces : culture de plantes aromatiques et production d’huiles essentielles The Aromatic Plant Clary Sage Shaped Bacterial Communities in the Roots and in the Trace Element-Contaminated Soil More Than Mycorrhizal Inoculation – A Two-Year Monitoring Field Trial." Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0580.
Full textTo cope with the soil trace element (TE) pollution, phytomanagement was brought forward as an eco-friendly and feasible approach. To meet the dual requirements of environmental and economic performances, phytotechnologies are now combined with the valorisarion of biomass produced on polluted soils. Among the eco-innovative channels intended for the non-food valorisation of the produced biomass, the cultivation of aromatic and medicinal plants producing essential oils (EO), high-added value biosourced products, has been suggested within the framework of PhytEO project, funded by ADEME. Thus, this thesis contributed to evaluate the relevance of a management approach based on clary sage and coriander cultivation, combined or not with a mycorrhizal inoculum, on in situ experimental plots polluted or not with TE. Both clary sage and coriander have shown a good ability to settle in, to grow and to produce high amounts of biomass, despite the presence of high TE concentrations in the soil. The addition of an amendment based on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhanced the mycorrhizal colonisation rates of both coriander and clary sage roots. However, no significant improvement was observed in terms of plants’ growth, EO amounts and quality. Moreover, mycorrhizal inoculation allowed TE immobilisation in soils, in particular Pb, and reduced TE (Cd and Pb) transfers in aerial parts of clary sage. Besides, the EO distilled from clary sage inflorescences and coriander (aerial parts orseeds) grown on TE polluted soils, displayed a highly satisfactory quality, regarding the absence of contamination by TE or pesticide residues (trace amounts). Their chemical compositions were not altered by both TE pollution and mycorrhizal inoculation and were characterized by several active principles, such as linalool, linalyl acetate, germacrene, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, 2-decenal, decanal and 2-dodecenal. Furthermore, several biological properties with potential applications in non-food fields such as crop protection (antifungal, antigerminative and herbicidal) or human healthcare (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) have been brought forward. However, despite its ability to form inclusion complexes with EO components, β-cyclodextrin has shown no significant improvement of the tested EO biological activities. On another note, the soil revegetation with clary sage displayed a clear shaping of the bacterial and fungal communities, in both the rhizospheric soil and the roots of the aromatic plant species. Altogether, our results combined with the techno-economic feasibility assessment of the channel “aromatic and medicinal plants/EO” have emphasised clary sage as a good candidate for the phytomanagement of TE-polluted soils
Camizuli, Estelle. "Impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques sur les écosystèmes terrestre et aquatique actuels : étude comparative des deux moyennes montagnes : le Morvan et les Cévennes." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL035/document.
Full textThe Morvan and the Cevennes Massifs are nowadays protected for their outstanding landscape and biodiversity. However since Prehistory, these regions experienced mining and smelting activities. Because of remnant properties, locating these ancient sites is capital and then impact on fauna and flora must be estimated. This present work is based in on a pluridisciplinary approach combining archeology, geochemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. Statistical methods, from modern prospection technique, have been applied in order to delineate geochemical anomalies, potentially due to mining exploitation and thus facilitate the archeological prospection. Spatial distribution maps of trace metals were built on six sites (three in each park). Biodisponibility was assessed thanks to the analyses of wood mice, trout and bryophytes. Even if it seems that most of these elements belong to the non-extractible fraction of soil, the remaining bioavailable trace metals can be detected in the bioindicators. A negative relationship between Pb concentrations in animals and their body condition indices was found, and in some cases developmental instability was higher, suggesting deleterious effect on current wildlife. As a consequence, the impact of past mining and smelting works is still traceable in ecosystems. For this reason, these sites should be monitored, particularly in protected areas thought to be relatively free of anthropogenic contamination
Triboit, Frédéric. "Les métaux dans les bassins autoroutiers du Sud-Est de la France : potentialités de dépollution des eaux et des sédiments par les plantes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11068.pdf.
Full textAmongst the numerous retention ponds alongside motorways from the French concession motorway company ASF, this study focused on a pool of 18 ponds in the South-East of France. The purpose was to determine the major features of the pond functioning beyond structural characters, biotic and abiotic environmental parameters and evaluate the remediation potential of the spontaneous flora. Results showed that water chemistry was not a discriminant pool of data because these parameters were under control of water renewal. However, among the sediment chemical parameters selected, carbonate content was a good discriminant. Pond vegetation showed a classical dynamic of evolution with helophytes following hydrophyte colonization. Amongst the plant taxa, Chara vulgaris was more abundant in carbonated ponds while Chara globularis occurred in less carbonated ponds. A rhizospheric effect was demonstrated enhancing trace elements biodisponibility. However no metal hyperaccumulation was observed in the analysed aquatic plants. Metal contents in plants were low compared with metal contents in sediments. The highest metal accumulation was obtained in roots of typha. Even if charophytes produced high biomass in the ponds, low levels of trace elements were accumulated in plant tissue. However, plant cover play a stabilization role in the ponds: regarding strong gusts of wind, typical of Mediterranean climate and possible pollutant dispersion, vegetation may improve particles trapping in the ponds
Camizuli, Estelle. "Impact des anciens sites miniers et métallurgiques sur les écosystèmes terrestre et aquatique actuels : étude comparative des deux moyennes montagnes : le Morvan et les Cévennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL035.
Full textThe Morvan and the Cevennes Massifs are nowadays protected for their outstanding landscape and biodiversity. However since Prehistory, these regions experienced mining and smelting activities. Because of remnant properties, locating these ancient sites is capital and then impact on fauna and flora must be estimated. This present work is based in on a pluridisciplinary approach combining archeology, geochemistry, ecology and ecotoxicology. Statistical methods, from modern prospection technique, have been applied in order to delineate geochemical anomalies, potentially due to mining exploitation and thus facilitate the archeological prospection. Spatial distribution maps of trace metals were built on six sites (three in each park). Biodisponibility was assessed thanks to the analyses of wood mice, trout and bryophytes. Even if it seems that most of these elements belong to the non-extractible fraction of soil, the remaining bioavailable trace metals can be detected in the bioindicators. A negative relationship between Pb concentrations in animals and their body condition indices was found, and in some cases developmental instability was higher, suggesting deleterious effect on current wildlife. As a consequence, the impact of past mining and smelting works is still traceable in ecosystems. For this reason, these sites should be monitored, particularly in protected areas thought to be relatively free of anthropogenic contamination
Vansimaeys, Caroline. "Comportement à long terme de dépôts de sédiments de curage : approche mécanistique du transfert de métaux en milieu poreux non saturé." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10025/document.
Full textCanal dredging generates high volumes of sediments which are often heavily contaminated with metals, especially in industrialized zones. Dredged sediments are usually deposited on land for long or temporary periods, and may impact surrounding environments. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of metal mobilisation during the ageing of sediment deposits. Sediment ageing was simulated in laboratory under controlled conditions with two protocols of wetting-drying : le first one simulated a sediment disposal in drained conditions and the second one hydromorphic conditions. The solubilisation of metals and their speciation in solid phase were followed over time. The distribution of metals was determined by selective dissolution. Sediment deposit on land leads to a fast transfer of Cd, Cu, As and Zn into the organic matter pool and these associations are stable with time excepted for Cd. The transfer of Cd, Cu, As and Pb into the oxyhydroxydes pool takes place later on following the disposal of sediment, excepted for the Zn-oxyhydroxides association, which is rapid but not stable with time. The acido-soluble pool becomes rapidly predominant for Zn, Cd and Pb after the sediment disposal and persists over time. Deposit conditions have no impact during the first time of the deposit. But, with time, hydromorphic conditions lead to a transfer of higher quantities of Cd, Cu and Zn into draining water and into exchangeable positions than the deposit in drained conditions
Gavalda, David. "Devenir des éléments traces métalliques dans les boulbènes (luvi-redoxisol) après épandage de boues granulées." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT007A.
Full textLaurent, Céline. "Biodisponibilité du cuivre et du zinc pour les plantes et les vers de terre : interactions entre les effets de fertilisants organiques sur le long-terme et des organismes sur l'évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques du sol." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA034.
Full textThe agronomic valorization of organic fertilizers (OF) is one of the main source contamination of agricultural soils in trace elements. This is particularly significant for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) for which the ecotoxicity and more generally their impact on soil fertility on the long-term is a matter of concerns. The scientific literature of the two last decades did not enable to state clearly whether Cu and Zn bioavailability for soil organisms will be impacted by OF application. Indeed, previous studies did not take into account the modifications of Cu and Zn availability in soils induced by (i) pH and organic matter (OM) temporal evolution observed with OF application and (ii) organism activities in the soil they can bio-influence. My PhD work thus aimed at assessing the respective effects of soil contamination, soil pH and OM evolution and key soil organisms (i.e. plants and earthworms) in the bio-influenced volume of soil, on Cu and Zn bioavailability for these organisms in the context of OF applications.This work was based on soils sampled from field trials in Réunion and amended for a decade with mineral or organic fertilizers, or never fertilized. The evolution of pH, concentration and aromaticity of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and Cu and Zn availability (i.e. totale concentration and free ionic activity) was measured in soil solutions of the non-bio-influenced soils and the soil bio-influenced by the activities of either plant roots (i.e. rhizosphere) or earthworm bioturbation (i.e. drilosphere). Copper and Zn bioavailability was assessed by the measurement of Cu and Zn concentration in a tropical epi-endogeic earthworm species (Dichogaster saliens) and a temperate plant species (Festuca arundinacea, fescue) exposed to soils in mesocosms under laboratory conditions.In the absence of bio-influence, OF application did not only increase the level of Cu and Zn contamination in soils, but also pH and the concentration and aromaticity of DOM in soil solutions. Total Cu concentration in soil solution increased in soils amended with OF proportionally to DOM concentration while Cu2+ activity decreased mainly proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in a similar Cu availability between soils amended with OF or not. Due to the lower affinity of Zn for DOM, total Zn concentration and Zn2+ activity decreased in soils with OF application proportionally to pH increase, which resulted in Zn availability equal or lower in soils amended with OF than in non-amended soils. Thus, the modification of pH and DOM seems to regulate Cu and Zn availability in non-bio-influenced soils by exerting a protective effect that counteracts Cu and Zn contamination.Under the influence of earthworms or plants, the variation range of pH and DOM concentration was reduced regardless of fertilization type in bio-influenced soils compared to non-bio-influenced soils. In the drilosphere, this resulted in a similar effect of OF application on Cu and Zn availability but in a lesser extent than the effect of OF application in non-bio-influenced soils. In the rhizosphere, the intense root activities resulted in the absence of OF effect on Cu and Zn availability. The combination of the protective effects induced by OF application and organism activity explained why Cu and Zn bioavailability for earthworms and plants did not increase with OF application for a decade despite Cu and Zn contamination in soil
Cabanis, Marie-Thérèse. "Contribution a l'étude du dosage des éléments traces dans les aliments par absorption atomique sans flamme : cas particulier du cadmium." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13507.
Full textEttajani, Hanane. "Transfert des éléments traces essentiels ou toxiques dans une chaîne trophique à mollusques." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4007.
Full textLévèque, Thibaut. "Biomonitoring environnemental et sanitaire des sols pollués par les éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0093/document.
Full textIn a context where environmental health concerns are globally increasing. Improve understanding of the mechanisms and bioavailability (eco) toxicity of persistent metals pollutants is a priority, especially because of their observed omnipresence in ecosystems in relation to their compartmentation and speciation. The earthworm is used to assess soil quality; moreover this soil organism through its bioturbation activities affects biogeochemical cycles. Ecotoxicity tests under controlled circumstances on earthworms have been conducted with different soils and worms’ species. Then an impact study on earthworms’ communities was conducted on a polluted site showing a concentration gradient. The influence of earthworms’ bioturbation on phytoavailability of pollutants was studied through experiments in mesocosms and Rhizotest. Finally, in vitro measures of pollutants bioavailability were performed on polluted soils and plants in different contexts: brownfields, gardens, sports field. The objective is to study the link between bioavailability for humans, soil characteristics, context of pollution and toxicity. Two complementary approaches have been developed: scientific research related to the mechanisms and development of tools, practical procedures which could be used by managers and risk assessors. Ecotoxicity of metals and metalloid (denoted ETM) on earthworms is not simply governed by their total concentrations, but strongly depends on the physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Furthermore, analysis of earthworm communities from a contaminated site can evaluate the quality of soil since seen an impact on the abundance, diversity and rate of juvenile worms. In addition, earthworms’ bioturbation significantly increases the bioavailability of ETM for vegetable plants such as lettuce. Finally, the human bioaccessibility of ETM is governed by many factors, in particular the context of pollution. The bioaccessible fraction of ETM is directly responsible for their cytotoxicity on intestinal cells. These results were complemented by mechanistic studies (IR, EXAFS, XANES, μ-XRF)
Marin, Béatrice. "Répartition et fractionnement géochimique des éléments traces dans les sédiments marins : application à la marge continentale du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord-Ouest, France)." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PERP0309.
Full textLatrille, Christelle. "Localisation des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols. Application au fonds géochimique naturel." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10057.
Full textVinit-Dunand, Florence. "Phytotoxicité et transfert sol-plante des éléments traces métalliques : influence de l'alimentation minérale." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2047.
Full textThe first aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of copper excess effects on photosynthesis and growth of plants. Growth inhibition of cucumber plants by low copper excess induce photosynthesis inhibition. By strong copper contamination the photosynthesis and the growth are directly altered. The storage of metals in the roots seems to be a shoots protection strategy for plants. An other aim of this work was to bring about the influence of sulphur supply on phytotoxicity and soil to plant copper transfers. A sufficient sulphur nutrition gives a slight protection for leaf expansion of cucumber contaminated by low copper excess. This positive influence is not linked with modification of soil to plant copper transfers. The hypothesis would be that the mechanisms of protection and detoxification such as ascorbate-glutathion cycle or phytochelatins could be involved
Salomon, Stéphanie. "Optimisation du dosage d'ultra traces de métaux dans l'eau de mer par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique sans flamme (Al, Cu, Fe) : comparaison avec deux autres méthodes dans le cas de l'aluminium." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES2038.
Full textBlain, Stéphane. "Application de polyamines immobilisées à la préconcentration de traces métalliques en milieu marin." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2020.
Full textAbdul, Rida Abdul Motalibe Mohammad. "Biosurveillance de la contamination du sol : apport de l'étude des lombriciens à l'évaluation des risques liés aus éléments traces." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20124.
Full textDuta, Mariana. "Synthèse et études préliminaires de calixarènes modifiés en vue de leur application en immunoanalyse de traces." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13015.
Full textLahaye, Virginie. "Les éléments traces chez les petits cétacés des eaux européennes : utilisation du cadmium et du mercure en tant que traceurs." La Rochelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LAROS163.
Full textLebourg, Annie. "Etude de l'extraction des métaux en traces de sols pollués en vue de la détermination de leur biodisponibilité." Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-244.pdf.
Full textSaby, Nicolas. "Distribution à l'échelle nationale des charactéristiques des sols et détection des changements. : Apport des bases de données géographiques, des techniques d’analyse spatiale et de la modélisation." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NSARB026.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess the potential of spatial databases to monitor soil quality at a national level. Data were collected in the framework of French National Programmes. To adress this issue we show that the spatio-temporal statistical analyses must be adapted to the sampling design and to the nature of the information studied. Among the set of the possible soil variables, this work focused on some of those having a high environmental impact : the organic carbon content and the content of same trace elements. Our results show the possiblity to map soil properties at national scale, to reveal strong spatial structures and, to attribute them to different natural and artifcial processes. Large temporal trends could also be detected and explained. I discuss the limitation of the present designs and of the statistical analyses we conducted and i propose further research developpements for monitoring of soil quality
Soubrand-Colin, Marilyne. "Localisation, distribution et mobilité des ETM dans des sols développés sur roches basaltiques en climat tempéré." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/dc748927-4074-49be-a246-c087bcc555a1/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0046.pdf.
Full textSix soils from the French Massif Central, submitted to different microclimatic environments, have been studied in order to determine the distribution and speciation of metallic trace elements (MTE) in the solid fraction of soils developed on weathered basalts and basanites. The tertiary basaltic rocks, and their subsequent developed soils, present high Cr (248-455 mg/kg) and Ni (126-237 mg/kg) contents. These soils are all andic soils, rich in organo - complexes but presenting no allophane. Three different approaches were combined to study the fate and the mobility of the MTE during supergene alteration. The mineralogical study of the unweathered rocks pointed out that MTE are present in the chromiferous spinels, the titanomagnetites and in the ferromagnesian silicates (forsterite and augite). The hydrolysis of the ferromagnesian silicates as well as the spinels resistance to alteration are the two main parameters respectively controlling the released of the MTE and their retention in clays associated to the authigenic iron oxides. Isovolumic balance and enrichment factor are the two quantitative methods carried out to evidence the pedological and lithological roles of these parameters involved in the MTE distribution in the three soils developed on basalts. This study confirmed the mineralogical control on the Cr and Ni distribution whereas the Cu and Zn distribution is related to organic matter and organo - minerals complexes. Despite the alteration strength of the mineralogical carriers, Cr and Ni tend to be partially released from the leaching of andosols in colder and higher rainfall conditions on the contrary to the andic cambisols environments where Cr and Ni are preserved. The organic components role is evidenced by the immobilisation of Cu and Zn whereas the major elements (Na, Mg, Ca, Si) are highly released. The selective extractions confirmed the main association of Cu with the soil organic components. This study highlight the low potential mobility of the MTE in mountainous temperate climate on the contrary to previous works carried out in warmer climate environments
Tanguy, Virginie. "Spéciation colloïdale des éléments traces métalliques en milieu estuarien." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708258.
Full textPédrot, Mathieu. "Colloïdes et compositions élémentaires des solutions de sols." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533848.
Full textSondo, Dieudonné. "Les minéralisations en or de Bouroum-Sud (NE du Burkina-Faso ; Afr. Occ. ) dans leur contexte géologique et structural : approche métallogénique." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066658.
Full textBee-Debras, Agnès. "Etude des systèmes cuivre (II) - acides dihydroxybenzoïques et cuivre (II) - polycondensats : modélisation des interactions de la matière organique des sols avec les métaux oligo-éléments." Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMS004.
Full textLopareva-Pohu, Alena. "Intérêt de la phytostabilisation aidée pour la gestion des sols pollués par des éléments traces métalliques (Cd, Pb, Zn)." Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0296.
Full textSustainable management of contaminated soils with trace elements (TE) is a real challenge, more particularly around the former lead smelter Metaleurop Nord, in Northern France. This in situ study aimed at evaluating the long-term efficiency of aided phytostabilisation on former agricultural soils highly contaminated with cadmium, lead and zinc. Soils were amended with two fly ashes (Fas) : a silico-aluminos (FA1) and sulfo-calcic FA (FA2). Nine years after experiment start, the trees development induced a progressive shift of land use from agriculture field to forest ecosystem. Taking in account plant development and TE accumulation, data suggested that, among studied species, Alnus glutinosa, Acer pseudoplatanus and Robinia pseudoacacia were suitable for phytostabilisation of the experimental site. The afforestation induced soil physico-chemical parameters’ modifications. In particular, an increase of organic matters contents and a beginning of acidification were observed. This alteration of soils parameters could modify TE mobility and bioavailability. Our results indicated that the two studied FA buffered natural soil acidification, through a huge input of carbonates. This limited TE mobility and their accumulation in the studied above ground plant organs. Sulfo-calcic ash (FA2) is more efficient in decreasing TE soil mobility and accumulation by plants than silico-aluminous ash (FA1). In consequence, soil amendment with FA2 appears to be the wisest option to manage the contaminated soils surrounding the former smelter. Before recommending this aided phytostabilisation on larger polluted areas, further research is needed to answer several questions raised by this work
Truphéme-Maisonnave, Virginie. "Caractérisation des éléments traces métalliques dans les amendements et dans les complexes amendements-sols et étude des transferts." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT015C.
Full textDenayer, Franck-Olivier. "Écotoxicité des éléments traces métalliques chez les bryophytes : mise au point d'un bryocapteur des retombées atmosphériques à l'aide de Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Denayer.Franck_Olivier.SMZ0051.pdf.
Full textBlanchard, Claire. "Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués." Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2000ISAL0021/these.pdf.
Full textThe specific objective of this study is to characterize metal mobility from contaminated soils through laboratory tests. The literature work consisted in a complete review of leaching/extraction tests in collaboration with French association for normalization. Lab work consisted in carrying out previously chosen leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) over an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb , Zn. Results) comparison allowed to set up a method assessing metal potential mobilization from contaminated coifs
Zampella, Mariavittoria. "Distribution et disponibilité biologique des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols et les sédiments de la vallée du torrent Solofrana, Italie Méridionale." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2253.
Full textThe aim of this research was to study trace elements contamination of soils and sediments from the Solofrana river valley. The area was characterised by intensive agriculture and industrial activity. Numerous tanning plans caused in the past river water and sediment contamination. The results showed that the Solofrana valley soils flooded or irrigated with polluted water were contaminated by Cr and Cu. Chromium derived by deposition of Cr contaminated sediments on the soil surface and was bound mainly to organo-mineral complexes. Copper derived by agricultural practices and was mainly bound to organic matter. The soil and sediment <2. 0µm fraction was composed by quartz, feldspathes, carbonates, kaolinite, halloysite, illite, smectites, vermiculites, chlorites, amorphous Fe oxides; the <0. 1µm fraction was mainly made of proto-halloysite. A progressive incorporation of sediments in the soil matrix, the translocation of fine particles to depth and the translocation of trace elements bounds to the fine particles in the first centimetres of the soil profile were observed. Chromium and Cu concentrations were very high in the <2. 0 and <0. 1µm fractions. Results suggest a possible transfer of metal-rich colloids along soil pore network associated with soil water movement
Pagotto, Christelle. "Etude sur l'émission et le transfert dans les eaux et les sols des éléments traces métalliques et des hydrocarbures en domaine routier." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2321.
Full textHannache, Badreddine. "La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114804/document.
Full textUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones