Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solution alcaline'
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Moktadir, Zakaria. "Simulation de la gravure chimique anisotrope du silicium par une solution alcaline." Toulouse 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU30017.
Full textKouassi, Séka Simplice. "Etude de la dissolution d'un réseau silicaté en présence d'une solution alcaline." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/8b52b57d-3e9f-45f2-9df0-9e5146a5672e/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4001.pdf.
Full textThe use of waste glass as a reinforcement or binder (water glass solution) for the development of new materials requires a better understanding of the reactivity siliceous species in a basic medium. With this aim, two types of studies have been made: the alkaline attack of glass and the synthesis of consolidated materials based on silica gel. Tests (gravimetric and chemical measurements, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) as a function of various parameters (temperature, glass particle size, stirring, nature of the base, time. . . ) revealed that it was possible to control the glass dissolution and consequently the Si/Na molar ratio of the water glass solution. Studies of the consolidation of the granular systems consolidation (silica-sand-gel) have identified domains depending on the size of SiO2. The mechanisms of consolidation present a challenge between the drying by capillarity and polycondensation reactions due to a dissolution / precipitation mechanism of silica compounds
Vidal, Laeticia. "Contrôle de l'interaction entre des espèces siliceuses et des espèces aluminosilicatées en présence d'une solution alcaline." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0055.
Full textThis study is a part of the FE²E project and was accomplished in order to develop an economic and ecologic fuse. The methodology covers different steps going from the raw materials characterization to the manufacturing of electrical components (as fuse and busbar) with geopolymer materials. The reactive species in alkaline solutions were determined by FTIR, NMR and Raman spectroscopies. Then, the interactions between the sand and the solutions were studied using various impregnation and different curing methods in order to optimize the mechanical properties of agglomerated sand. Fuse body replacement by geopolymer binders by a coating or by casting in a mold were considered. Then, the validation of the thermal properties by thermal treatment and the interactions between a geopolymer binder and a metallic surface conduce to a technological disruptive. Finally, the possibility to obtain a geopolymer-based fuse or busbar was clearly evidenced
Gharzouni, Ameni. "Contrôle de l'attaque des sources aluminosilicates par la compréhension des solutions alcalines." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0054/document.
Full textThis study was undertaken to identify the parameters that control the geopolymerization reaction and the working properties of the final materials. To do this, various aluminosilicate sources and alkaline solutions have been studied to exacerbate their reactivity. Then a feasibility study of the consolidated materials was conducted to identify the geopolymer existence domain in Si-Al-M / O ternary diagram. The evolution of samples during formation was monitored by thermal analysis (DTA-TGA), to quantify the required energy for oligomer formation, and infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies to determine the nature of formed networks and the reaction rate. A strong correlation was evidenced between the precursors reactivity, the local and porous structure and the mechanical properties. The obtained results have been exploited to use poorly reactive Tunisian clay as alternative aluminosilicate source and also to reuse geopolymer waste in new formulations
Cardoso, Mateus Borba. "From rice starch to amylose crystals : alkaline extraction of rice starch, solution properties of amylose and crystal structure of v-amylose inclusion complexes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10036.
Full textO objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi estudar a extração alcalina do amido brasileiro, o comportamento hidrodinâmico da amilose, um biopolímero extraído do amido, e a cristalização e modelagem molecular dos cristais de V amilose. A eficiência na desproteinização durante a extração alcalina foi avaliada usando o teste de biureto bem como as espectroscopias de UV-Vis e fluorescência. Em paralelo, as alterações morfológicas dos grânulos de amido e sua gelatinização alcalina foram estudadas. A cristalinidade e a ultra-estrutura do amido foram monitoradas a fim de compreender o efeito do álcali na ultra-estrutura dos grânulos. A amilose foi isolada a partir do arroz brasileiro por dissolução e reprecipitação com timol. A amostra isolada foi fracionada por cromatografia de filtração em gel e analisada por espalhamento de luz. Além disso, amilose comercial foi estudada em solução aquosa em diferentes tempos de armazenamento bem como em diferentes forças iônicas. Cristais lamelares de V amilose foram obtidos pela adição de um complexante a soluções metaestáveis diluídas de amilose sintética. A morfologia e a estrutura dos cristais foram estudadas utilizando microscopia eletrônica de transmissão e difração de raios-X. Os detalhes da estrutura cristalina do complexo V alfa-naphthol foram investigados por meio de modelagem molecular. O modelo exibindo o melhor fator de acordo, entre os dados experimentais e simulados, foi obtido a partir de uma estrutura tetragonal contendo hélices esquerdas simples com oito resíduos de glicose por volta de hélice. As moléculas de -naftol foram localizadas na estrutura cristalina dentro e entre as hélices.
The main purposes of the present work were to follow the alkaline extraction of a Brazilian rice starch, to study the hydrodynamic behavior of amylose, a biopolymer extracted from starch, and to study the crystallization and molecular modeling of V-amylose crystals. The efficiency of the deproteinization by the alkaline treatment was evaluated using the biuret test as well as UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. In parallel, the morphological changes in starch granules and their alkaline gelatinization were studied. The crystallinity and ultrastructure of starch were monitored in order to understand the effect of alkali on the ultrastructure of starch granules. Amylose was isolated from Brazilian rice starch by dissolution and reprecipitation with thymol. The isolated product was fractionated by gel filtration chromatography and analyzed using light scattering. In addition, commercial amylose was studied in aqueous solutions as a function of storage time and ionic strength. Lamellar crystals of V-amylose were obtained by adding guest molecules to metastable dilute aqueous solutions of synthetic amylose. The morphology and structure of the crystals were studied using transmission electron microscopy as well as electron and X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of the inclusion complex of V-amylose with -naphthol was investigated in detail using molecular modeling. The model exhibiting the lowest reliability factor was described by a tetragonal lattice of antiparallel 8-fold left-handed single helices. Molecules of alfa-naphthol are included in the crystal lattice, both inside and in-between helices.
NIETO, PEDRO. "Etude par rmn de gels et de precipites formes par interaction d'une solution alcaline de silice et de composes calciques." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066176.
Full textFeynerol, Vincent. "Traitement de minerais de fer par lixiviation alcaline suivi de leur électrolyse en milieu alcalin." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0163.
Full textAn innovative ironmaking process by alkaline electrolysis of suspended iron oxides is being developed at ArcelorMittal Global R&D Maizières-lès-Metz. Were it to achieve industrial maturity, this process would permit a significant reduction of steelmaking CO2 emissions. Indeed, the use of carbon as a reducing agent in blast furnace would be replaced by electricity. Although this process enables iron production from commercial hematite (Fe2O3) at current density of 1000 A.m-2 with faradaic efficiency higher than 80%, these performances are systematically lower when using iron ore instead. The main impurities in these ores are aluminium and silicon oxides and hydroxides, these compounds are soluble in concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. These compounds could be the source of the decrease in reactivity observed when feeding the process with iron ores. To raise the electrolysis performance with iron ores, alkaline leaching treatments were conducted on a defined iron ore. Reactivity of iron ores before and after treatment was compared by chronoamperometry. Although the elimination of aluminous compounds resulted in the ore gaining a faradaic yield increase to a value of 80%, compared with 65% before treatment, its current density remained twice as low as the one of hematite for a same applied voltage. Furthermore, complementary experiments of aluminate and silicate ions addition during pure hematite electrolysis did not have any deleterious effect on its electrolysis. Based on all the experiments undertaken in this PhD, it seems unlikely that siliceous and aluminous impurities hold an important effect on iron ore reactivity in alkaline electrolysis. The process is nonetheless very sensitive to iron ores granulometry. On this subject, strong agglomeration phenomena were witnessed when measuring iron ores granulometry but did not occur with pure iron oxides. Therefore, it would seem that other phenomena may be the main cause of reactivity loss, these phenomena may well be linked to secondary granulometry of iron ores in concentrated alkaline media. In parallel, an advanced thermodynamic analysis was carried out to describe the best theoretical conditions for pressure, temperature and NaOH concentration to realize hematite electrolysis. Gangue compounds solubility was represented with Pitzer equations, and new parameters were calculated for Na-SiO3-Al(OH)4 interactions. This thermodynamic study enabled the design and pre-sizing of a treatment step for iron ores by alkaline leaching
Morel-Desrosiers, Nicole. "Contribution à la thermodynamique des solutions de cryptates alcalins et alcalino-terreux dans l'eau et le méthanol." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608133j.
Full textMorel-Desrosiers, Nicole. "Contribution a la thermodynamique des solutions de cryptates alcalins et alcalino-terreux dans l'eau et le methanol." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E374.
Full textBeau, Daniel-Louis. "Action du dioxyde de carbone et des granulats calcaires sur les aluminates de calcium hydratés à l'équilibre de solubilité : influence des ions sulfates, réaction du calcaire finement pulverisé avec le silicate de sodium en solution alcaline." Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS001.
Full textGaboriaud, Fabien. "Etude du rôle de l'ion alcalin au cours de la gélification des solutions silico-alcalines déstabilisées par addition d'ions calcium." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOS045.
Full textBouclier, Michèle. "Etude de la délignification par les solutions alcalines application aux solutions alcalines de sulfite de sodium, rôle de l'anthraquinone /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376032208.
Full textCoste, Amaury. "Modélisation moléculaire de solutions silicatées en milieux alcalins." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS144.
Full textMy thesis focused on the molecular modeling of alkaline silicate solutions. The originality of our approach is the use of classical molecular dynamics, which is suited to study equilibrium properties, to reactive systems. The aim of this work is to understand ion-ion interactions in of such electrolyte solutions. To this end, polarizable force fields have been developed to describe the solvation properties of the hydroxide anion and the silicate oligomers.First, the structural and thermodynamics properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali hydroxide MOH (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) have been studied over a wide range of concentrations. Theoretical WAXS intensities calculated from our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we pointed out a weak association of the MOH ion pairs, even at high concentrations. This was confirmed by the calculations of the association constants of ion pairs (KMOH = 0.1 L mol-1) which are in good agreement with the data available in the literature. Further- more, based on the McMillan-Mayer potentials calculated from the molecular dynamics simulations, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to calculate the osmotic coefficients of MOH solutions.Then, we focused on the structural properties of alkaline solutions containing silicate oligomers, typically monomers (Si(OH)4, SiO(OH)-) and dimers (Si2O2(OH)5-, Si2O3(OH)42-). Thus, we first developed an "universal" force field allowing for describing a large number of silicate oligomers. These simulations highlighted a Na+ adsorption dependent on the silicate speciation and a low interaction between the hydroxide anions and the silicates.Finally, by taking into account the connectivity of silicon atoms (determined by 29Si NMR) and the average oligomer radius (determined by X-ray scattering measurements), we have simulated the behaviour of "real" experimental solutions, and we have explained the influence of the alkali’s nature on the structural and dynamical properties
Bouclier, Michèle. "Etude de la délignification par les solutions alcalines de sulfite de sodium : Application aux solutions alcalines de sulfite de sodium : Rôle de l'anthraquinone." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0080.
Full textCohen, Rachid. "Approche expérimentale de l'adsorption ionique par l'étude de solutions aqueuses contenant des polymères et des halogénures alcalins ou des oxyanions." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20158.
Full textDebiemme-Chouvy, Catherine. "Etude des solutions alcalines sursaturees en zinc (ii) : structure et cinetique de decomposition." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066132.
Full textEl, Hachadi Ahmed. "Nucléation et croissance de la glace dans l'électrolyte LiCl, RH2O, R > 6, défini comme un milieu hétérogène composé de microdomaines d' "eau" et de LiCl,6H2O." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10109.
Full textDrolet, Cédric. "Validation de la contribution en alcalis des granulats à la solution interstitielle du béton et effet possible sur la réaction alcalis-silice." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27776.
Full textAlkali-aggregate reaction affects many important concrete structures in Québec and also around the world. This reaction needs three essential conditions to occur: Aggregates used in the manufacture of concrete contains reactive phases, the alkali content of the concrete is high enough and the concrete is exposed to more than 85% relative humidity conditions. In the past, it was found that when low alkali cement was used in combination with some types of aggregates, the progression of the reaction is greatly restrained. However, the efficacy of this preventive method varies greatly from one aggregate to another. Thus, a hypothesis explaining this phenomenon states that alkalis allowing triggering the reaction can be leached into the pore solution of concrete from aggregates themselves. Many studies were conducted in the past in order to confirm or dismiss this hypothesis. Experiments, consisting in an immersion of aggregates in attack solutions of a chemical composition comparable to the pore solution of concrete, showed that aggregates can release alkalis through time in high pH environment. However, very few experiments were conducted in real concrete in order to verify the veracity of the results obtained. Thus, in the present study, mortar and concrete samples were made using six different aggregate sources. Four of these aggregates are non-reactive and contain various amounts of alkalis. Those were used in order to determine the real alkali contribution by aggregates to the pore solution of concrete through time. Also, two reactive aggregates, containing various amounts of alkalis, were used to determine the influence of an alkali release by aggregates on the evolution of the alkalinity of the pore solution along with the development of the alkali-aggregate reaction. In order to determine the progression of the alkali-aggregate reaction through time, the expansion of specimens made with reactive aggregates was monitored. Two methods were used to determine the alkali content of mortar and concrete samples through time: the high pressure extraction and the espresso extraction method. To compare results with those of previous studies, aggregates were also submitted to an immersion in alkaline solutions. One aggregate was clearly identified as a potential source of Na+ to the pore solution of concrete. Indeed, results obtained showed that rich alkali-bearing aggregate can release up to 1.75 kg Na2O/m3 of concrete if used as fine fraction and up to 0.24 kg Na2O/m3 of concrete if used as coarse fraction after one year at 38ᵒC. These results show that the fine fraction used in the concrete manufacturing is more susceptible to release alkali through time than the coarse one. However, no clear contribution in K+ ion was observed. Also, even if a small sodium release was observed in specimens made with one of the reactive aggregates, there is no evidence that this release affected the expansion caused by the progression of the alkali-aggregate reaction on associated concrete and mortar specimens. It was also possible to evaluate the amount of sodium trapped into reaction products to approximately 0.20 kg Na2O/m3 of mortar for a 0.08% expansion.
Obaid, Yassin Najim. "Mobilité des cations alcalins dans les matériaux M₂AgI₃ et MAg₄I₅ (M = RbzK1-z)." Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10599.
Full textLiu, Weiqing. "Solutions de cellulose et matériaux hybrides/composites à base de liquides ioniques et solvants alcalins." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00819908.
Full textRamsis, Hassan. "Analyse vibrationnelle et structurale de biomolécules en solution aqueuse : acides adipique, diglycolique, thiodiglycolique et leur sels alcalins." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13508.
Full textNeveux, Schmitt Nathalie. "Voie de synthèse originale de ferrates (VI) alcalins stabilisés et leurs applications potentielles dans le traitement des eaux." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10243.
Full textKotbi, Mohammed. "Etude structurale d'une solution aqueuse de chlorure de lithium LiCl, 6H2O par la méthode de Monte Carlo inverse (RMC)." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10105.
Full textDelarbre, Jean-Louis. "Analyse vibrationnelle et structurale de dérivés mono et disubstitués de l'acide malonique et de ses sels alcalins en solution aqueuse." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON13502.
Full textYolou, Séri. "Analyse vibrationnelle et structurale de diacides aliphatiques oxo et gem-dimethyle substitués et de leurs sels alcalins en solution aqueuse." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON13520.
Full textHu, Ruiping. "Mécanismes de la fragilisation par l'hydrogène des aciers sous faibles polarisations cathodiques dans des solutions à pH alcalins." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0299.
Full textManier, Glavinaz Valérie. "Partage des éléments alcalins Li, Na et Cs entre béryls et solutions hydrothermales : approche expérimentale, conséquences géochimiques et cristallochimiques." Paris 6, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA066331.
Full textLakhrissi, Brahim. "Synthèse et étude analytique de collecteurs adaptés à la flottation ionique du gallium en milieu fortement alcalin." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10283.
Full textColombani, Jean. "Etude de la thermodiffusion et des couplages convectifs dans les électrolytes aqueux." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10129.
Full textLachal, Marie. "Etude des mécanismes d'insertion/désinsertion des cations alcalins (Li+/Na+) au sein de la structure olivine FePO4 pour accumulateurs Li-ion et Na-ion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI035/document.
Full textAs part of the development of Na-ion technology, NaFePO4 compound, chemical equivalent of theattractive LiFePO4 material, would be a promising option facing possible lithium shortage. However,olivine-type LiFePO4 and NaFePO4 display different structural and electrochemical behaviors duringcationic insertion. This thesis presents an analysis of the (de)insertion mechanisms of Li+ and Na+ ionswithin olivine-type FePO4 by chemical and electrochemical means. Samples of LiFePO4 weresynthesized by two different methods (hydrothermal and precipitation), then chemically delithiated bydifferent processes. In a first step, structural analysis (XRD) associated with nuclear analyses enabledfollowing the reaction kinetics. We have pointed out that the presence of grain boundaries, resultingfrom the heat treatment, strongly limits the delithiation kinetics. The analysis of the evolution of thecoherency domains enabled us to propose an original "Shrinking Core" type delithiation mechanismwith a core of LiFePO4, observed by HRTEM and STEM-EELS. In a second step, in order to comparechemical and electrochemical mechanisms, insertion and cyclability of Li+ and Na+ were characterizedin lithium and sodium half-cells. Although the electrochemical signature of LiFePO4 and NaFePO4materials is different, the performances in terms of restored capacity or power capability are similar.Finally, electrochemical insertion of Li+ and Na+ in a powder comprising structural defects wascharacterized by operando XRD, during a charge / discharge cycle performed at low rate. Theseanalyses revealed that the cationic co-insertion takes place via a solid solution LixNayFePO4(0
Kergourlay, Florian. "Étude des mécanismes de déchloruration d'objets archéologiques ferreux corrodés en milieu marin. Cas des traitements en solutions alcalines aérée et désaérée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00721176.
Full textFERNANDEZ-MUNICIO, LORENZO. "Caracterisation de solutions alcalines de silice et de leurs precipites en presence de calcium, au moyen de la resonance magnetique nucleaire." Paris 6, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA066475.
Full textLabonnette, Daniel. "Etude des especes du vanadium iv en milieu faiblement acide et alcalin : isopolyanions mixtes mo**(vi)-v**(iv), complexes carbonates de v**(iv)." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2009.
Full textMerrachi, El Houssine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de quelques trioxalato-métallates alcalins : étude du système ternaire H²O -(NH4)3[Cr(C2O4)3]-(NH4)3 [Fe(C2O4)3] : cristallochimie des trihydrates MI3[MIII(C2O4)3],3H2O (MI=NH4, Rb et MIII=Cr, Fe)." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10014.
Full textPiriou, Patrice. "Caractérisation et modélisation d'un procédé pilote de captage de CO2 par carbonatation des saumures alcalines et séparation des phases en colonnes de flottation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0136/document.
Full textSolvay process generates huge amounts of waste brines at alkaline pH containing portlandite, brucite and calcium silicate hydrates. Carbonation leads to lowering of pH which favors formation of two predominant phases: calcite and gypsum. The aim of this thesis is to develop carbonated waste brines valorization by phase separation in flotation column Study of carbonation in a batch reactor and in a carbonation pilot column shows it is preferable not to carbonate waste brines until thermodynamic equilibrium. Indeed dissolution of heavy metals occurs from a pH of about 7.5 thereby limiting discharge of brines in the environment. In addition, a sudden and incomplete carbonation is appropriate for phase separation by flotation. Flotation tests carried out in a 7.6 cm diameter and 3 m high column showed feasibility of the separation of the two calcium minerals using sodium oleate as a collector despite abundant literature for caution. The differences between the particle size of carbonates and sulfates and their surface hydration, as well as the high ionic strength of the medium allow an efficient separation of phases. Study of synthetic brines highlights the role of metal cations (nature, radius, charge…) on bubble coalescence in dynamic conditions in an environment with high ionic strength. Study of operation parameter performed on a 30.5 cm diameter and 10 m high column enabled the modeling of the column flotation process in order to provide a scale-up procedure of industrial process. Comparison of simulation results with actual results allows the determination of intensities of flotation subprocesses (attachment/detachment), and led to the proposal of an industrial plant with two flotation columns in series
Condat-Ouillon, Claire. "Etude du comportement des constituants laitiers en milieu fortement sodique et de leurs interactions en filtration sur membrane : application à la régénération par filtration tangentielle des solutions alcalines de NEP de l'industrie laitière." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT014G.
Full textSOUZA, LETICIA L. de. "Oxidação direta do etileno glicol sobre catalisadores eletroquímicos binários à base de Pt, Pd, e Sn suportados em carbono para aplicação em células alcalinas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26934.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-12-21T17:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Os catalisadores eletroquímicos binários de PtSn/C, PdSn/C e PtPd/C foram sintetizados em diferentes proporções pelo método da redução via borohidreto, posteriormente estes foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, difração de raios X, espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (PtSn/C e PdSn/C) e energia dispersiva de raios X. As atividades eletroquímicas dos diferentes materiais preparados foram avaliadas por intermédio de voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e curvas de polarização em célula a combustível alimentada diretamente por etileno glicol em eletrólito alcalino. As curvas de densidade de potência indicaram que os catalisadores eletroquímicos contendo Sn e Pd são mais ativos para a reação de oxidação do etileno glicol, especialmente a composição 70%:30% - relação molar entre os metais suportados em carbono - dos catalisadores PtSn/C, PdSn/C e PtPd/C todos superando as medidas de potência do Pt/C. Este resultado indica que a adição de Sn e Pd favorece a oxidação do etileno glicol em meio alcalino. O melhor desempenho observado para os catalisadores eletroquímicos PtSn/C, PdSn/C e PtPd/C (70%:30%) poderia estar associado à sua maior seletividade quanto a formação de oxalato, ou seja , a formação deste produto resulta em um maior número de elétrons, por consequência em maiores valores de corrente.
Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Echcherki, Thami. "Mise au point d'électrodes a membranes polymères contenant des ionophores sélectifs aux ions K, Na et Li pour le dosage de ces cations dans les milieux biologiques (analyses cliniques), et la détermination des énergies libres de transfert de l'eau dans les mélanges de solvants hydro-organiques." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10151.
Full textAndriambololona, Zoé. "Etude de la reactivite de deux verres synthetiques (type laitier de haut fourneau) en milieu aqueux et alcalins : donnees de l'analyse des solutions, de la spectrometrie esca, de la microscopie electronique, de la diffraction des rayons x et des." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2024.
Full textChatenet, Marian. "Cathode à air pour l’électrolyse chlore-soude." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0094.
Full textThis manuscript deals with a preliminary work on air-cathode use in the brine electrolysis process, the utilization of which would enable substantial energy savings. The oxygen transport parameters in industrial medium (11,1 M NaOH at 80 °C) and the studied catalysts (Pt/C, Ag/C, Ag-Pt/C) physical characteristics have firstly been measured. Then, their electrochemical behavior toward oxygen reduction has been determined. An order of the reaction equal to unity with respect to oxygen and a positive effect of the medium temperature have been confirmed. Otherwise, a soda concentration increase is favorable to silver but detrimental for platinum. In consequence, silver activity corrected from the oxygen solubility (70 times lower in industrial medium) improves sharply when both the medium temperature and concentration increase. Although it is 20 times lower in 1 M NaOH at 25 °C, it almost reaches those of platinum in industrial medium, which is interesting at an economic point of view. An explanation would be the increase of the inhibiting oxide coverage on platinum in concentrated soda solutions. Else, the catalysts ageing-behavior shows a larger particles aggregation for platinum than for the bimetallic catalyst, even more important under open-circuit voltage than in electrolysis conditions. Finally, newly-shaped gas diffusion-electrodes have been tested on our laboratory pilot-cell. The various trials performed, from the Design Of Experiments method use, led to a better knowledge of their optimal structure, whereas a numeric model allowed a better understanding of their behavior under operation
Codina, Maud. "Les bétons bas pH - Formulation, caractérisation et étude à long terme." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199021.
Full textPlusieurs liants incorporant du ciment Portland, de la fumée de silice, des cendres volantes et / ou du laitier sont comparés. Tous ces systèmes sont caractérisés par des teneurs en ajouts très importantes, la fraction de clinker n'étant comprise qu'entre 20 et 60 %.
Après un an d'hydratation, la solution interstitielle des pâtes de liants bas pH présente des pH compris entre 11,7 et 12,2 selon la formulation, réduit de plus d'une unité par rapport aux témoins à base de CEM I ou CEM V. Cette chute de pH (comparé à celui d'un CEM I (13,5)) est concomitante i) d'une forte réduction de la concentration en alcalins dans la solution porale, ii) de la disparition ou de la diminution de la teneur en portlandite dans les matériaux, iii) et de l'enrichissement en silice des C-S-H.
Ces liants ont été utilisés avec succès pour mettre au point des bétons bas pH haute performance (pH de la solution interstitielle compris entre 10,7 et 11,6 selon les liants) avec les outils classiques du génie civil.
Enfin, des études de lixiviation en eau désionisée montrent que les pâtes de liants bas pH se décalcifient environ 4 fois moins vite que celle à base de ciment Portland. Les évolutions minéralogiques et les flux lixiviés par l'eau pure (pH 7) à 25 °C ont pu être modélisés à l'aide du code HYTEC en associant deux modules de réactivité chimique et de transport par diffusion.
Métin, Jacques. "Etude structurale de fluorures ternaires de lanthanides et mecanismes de transfert d'energie gd**(3+) -> eu**(2+) dans rbgd : :(3)f::(10)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2E391.
Full textCardoso, Mateus. "De l'amidon de riz aux cristaux d'amylose : extraction alcaline de l'amidon de riz, propriétés de l'amylose en solution et structure de complexes d'inclusion de l'amylose V." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00166338.
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