Academic literature on the topic 'Solution (chimie)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
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Daudey, J. P. "Prix Nobel de chimie 1998, Walter Kohn, John A. Pople, La chimie quantique et la recherche d’une solution introuvable." médecine/sciences 14, no. 11 (1998): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/2050.
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BLAZY, V., G. HEURTEBIZE, D. GILLES, G. TESNIERE, and G. FLEURY. "Solutions de monitoring au service d’audit de stations d’épuration des eaux usées." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202006033.
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L’audit de stations de traitement des eaux usées est un exercice complexe, car transdisciplinaire (génie des procédés, génie biologique, électromécanique, chimie, chimie analytique, hydraulique…), et dont le périmètre couvre de larges aspects relatifs à la sécurité, au process, à la maintenance, à l’économie et à l’organisation… Traditionnellement, cette démarche se décompose en trois phases distinctes visant : i) un recueil d’informations, ii) un relevé sur site et iii) un compte rendu. Les développements récents en matière de métrologie et d’instrumentation ont permis d’augmenter le niveau d’automatisation et de contrôle des usines de traitement des eaux. Les processus épuratoires, mis en oeuvre à travers des procédés plus ou moins complexes, sont ainsi suivis plus finement, assurant une réactivité opérationnelle immédiate et une fiabilisation des qualités d’eau à atteindre. Dans un même temps, la compilation de données au sein d’un automate programmable industriel et leur organisation/ traitement à travers une solution de supervision/hypervision amènent un suivi et une rationalisation de l’exploitation ouvrant la porte à des perspectives d’optimisation. Pour autant, les gains apportés par le monitoring sont rarement mis au profit des moyens d’investigations nécessaires à la phase de relevé sur site d’audit. Cet article présente plusieurs retours d’expériences à travers trois cas d’étude. Il intègre aussi bien des préoccupations d’ordres méthodologique, technique que des exemples de retour sur investissement dans la conduite et la restitution d’audit d’installations de traitement des eaux usées.
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Dufrêche, Jean-François. "Preface." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20138501iv.
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The 32nd International Conference on Solution Chemistry (ICSC-32) was held 28 August-2 September 2011 in La Grande Motte, France. This conference series covers a wide range of topics related to solution chemistry, such as- thermodynamics, kinetics, and structure- polymers, colloids, interfaces, and membranes- bioinorganic, biophysical, and pharmaceutical problems- supramolecular assemblies and nanostructures- analytical and environmental aspects- solvents and solutions under extreme conditionsFive plenary lectures were given: “Electrochemistry, the challenge of 21st century: From living cells to energy production”, by Dr. Christian Amatore, Paris, France; “Ultrafast studies on chemical and biological systems”, by Prof. Majed Chergui, Lausanne, Switzerland; “Modelling ionic liquids”, by Prof. Paul Madden, Oxford, UK; “Structure and dynamics of liquids and solutions in confinement”, by Prof. Toshio Yamaguchi, Fukuoka, Japan; “Natural ionic liquids and green solution chemistry”, by Prof. Dr. Werner Kunz, Regensburg, Germany.Two special lectures were given in the frame of the “Année Internationale de la Chimie”: “Solution chemistry and preservation of archeological wood: The case of Vasa”, by Prof. Ingmar Persson, Uppsala, Sweden; and “Molecular gastronomy: A solution chemistry problem”, by Hervé This, INRA, France.Twenty-one papers based on lectures presented at the ICSC-32 are included in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry. These contributions feature the major themes of the conference, serve as a representative view of current activities in the field of solution chemistry, and demonstrate that solutions still prove to be challenging targets for contemporary physical and chemical research.Jean-François DufrêcheConference Editor
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Sutrisno, Hari, and Endang Dwi Siswani. "OLIGOMERIC CHROMIUM(III) POLICATION SPECIES-PILLARED LAYERED TETRATITANATES ANION." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2010): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21706.
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Intercalation of oligomeric chromium(III) polycation species in layered tetratitanates was prepared by three steps: 1) ion-exchange of H+ for K+ in potasium tetratitanates, 2) intercalation of n-alchylamine (n-propylamine, n-butylamine, n-amylamine, and n-hexylamine) compounds in layered hydrogen tetratitanates by adding an aqueous solution of 5M n-alchylamine to hydogen titanates with stiring at room temperature, and 3) intercalation of oligomeric chromium(III) polycation species by mixing butylamine-intercalated tetratitanates with an aqueous solution of CrCl3.6H2O at pH various. The procedure was carried out by Chimie Douce method. The results showed that all of n-alchylamine-intercalated tetratitanates crystallize on monoclinic crystal system with the Bravais lattice C. The hight intensity of the first peaks (200) indicated that butylamine and amylamine-intercalated tetratitanates have a remarkably high crystallinity without impurities phase. The interlayered distance (d) and the lattice parameter projected along a increase with increasing the amount of C-atoms in n-alchylamine. At pH=1.3, [CrCl(H2O)5]2+ or [CrCl2(H2O)4]+ species was pillared more efective in layered tetratitanates than [Cr(H2O)6]3+ spesies and just one spesies, Cr(H2O)6]3+ at pH=1.7. On the contrary, [Cr(OH)(H2O)5]2+ or [Cr(OH)2(H2O)4]+ was intercalated more effevtive than [Cr(H2O)6]3+ species at pH=5.3. Keywords: tetratitanates, intercalation, oligomeric chromium(III) species, Chimie Douce.
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von Sonntag, C., X. Zhang, and HP Schuchmann. "Nouveaux aspects de la chimie des thiols et des disulfures sous rayonnement en solution aqueuse." Journal de Chimie Physique 88 (1991): 987–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jcp/1991880987.
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Sutrisno, Hari, and Endang Dwi Siswani. "PILLARIZATION OF LAYERED TETRATITANATES ANION BY ZIRCONIUM(IV) POLYCATION SPECIES." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 3 (June 24, 2010): 380–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21502.
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Pillaring layered tetratitanates anion by zirkonium(IV) polycation species has been realized by three steps: 1). cation-exchange of potasium tetratitanates, 2). intercalation of n-butylamine compound in layered hydrogen tetratitanates and 3). intercalation of zirconium(IV) polycation species by mixing butylamine-intercalated tetratitanates with an aqueous solution of ZrOCl2.8H2O at pH various: 0.1, 0.9 and 1.8. The procedure was carried out by Chimie Douce method. The structures of titanates and the products which had undergone H+ exchange and intercalated by n-butylamine and zirkonium(IV) polycation spesies were investigated by X-rays Diffractometer (XRD) and X-rays Fluorescence (XRF). It was found in the research that [Zr(H2O)8]4+, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ or [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types have presented in the interlayer of the products. At pH = 0.1 and 0.9, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ type was pillared more dominated in layered tetratitanates than [Zr(H2O)8]4+ type. At pH 1.8, it was signaled that [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ and [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types intercalated in layered tetratitanates. Keywords: tetratitanates, intercalation, zirconium(IV) species, Chimie Douce
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Sun, Wenhao, Saivenkataraman Jayaraman, Wei Chen, Kristin A. Persson, and Gerbrand Ceder. "Nucleation of metastable aragonite CaCO3 in seawater." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 11 (March 4, 2015): 3199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423898112.
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Predicting the conditions in which a compound adopts a metastable structure when it crystallizes out of solution is an unsolved and fundamental problem in materials synthesis, and one which, if understood and harnessed, could enable the rational design of synthesis pathways toward or away from metastable structures. Crystallization of metastable phases is particularly accessible via low-temperature solution-based routes, such as chimie douce and hydrothermal synthesis, but although the chemistry of the solution plays a crucial role in governing which polymorph forms, how it does so is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate an ab initio technique to quantify thermodynamic parameters of surfaces and bulks in equilibrium with an aqueous environment, enabling the calculation of nucleation barriers of competing polymorphs as a function of solution chemistry, thereby predicting the solution conditions governing polymorph selection. We apply this approach to resolve the long-standing “calcite–aragonite problem”––the observation that calcium carbonate precipitates as the metastable aragonite polymorph in marine environments, rather than the stable phase calcite––which is of tremendous relevance to biomineralization, carbon sequestration, paleogeochemistry, and the vulnerability of marine life to ocean acidification. We identify a direct relationship between the calcite surface energy and solution Mg–Ca ion concentrations, showing that the calcite nucleation barrier surpasses that of metastable aragonite in solutions with Mg:Ca ratios consistent with modern seawater, allowing aragonite to dominate the kinetics of nucleation. Our ability to quantify how solution parameters distinguish between polymorphs marks an important step toward the ab initio prediction of materials synthesis pathways in solution.
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Sasseville, J. L., and G. de Marsily. "Les sciences de l'eau : présent et futur." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705340ar.
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Les sciences de l'eau connaissent actuellement un développement accéléré. Plusieurs facteurs contribuent à cet élargissement de la base de connaissances explicatives et instrumentales sur l'eau. On note, par exemple, 1. les investissements accrus dans la mise au point de systèmes de mesure permettant l'étude approfondie des propriétés de l'eau, 2. l'expansion considérable des approches mathématique et systémique à l'interprétation des données, ou encore 3. les progrès récents des outils informatiques qui ont favorisé le développement et l'usage des modèles de prédiction et ainsi, l'amélioration significative des connaissances sur la chimie, la biologie et la toxicologie. D'un autre côté, la croissance et la diversification des problèmes sociaux reliés à la raréfaction de l'eau viennent multiplier les domaines d'application des connaissances en vue de trouver des solutions durables aux problèmes. Dans cet article, on s'interroge, dans un tel contexte d'élargissement, sur l'évolution des sciences de l'eau au cours des prochaines années en mettant en évidence les problèmes socio-économiques dont la solution fait appel aux connaissances actuelles, à leur raffinement par les applications ou encore, à de nouvelles capacités techniques d'interprétation des phénomènes hydrologiques. On y distingue entre les activités qui seront entreprises pour résoudre des questions scientifiques fondamentales pouvant se justifier par des retombées possibles pour la société (la poussée scientifique) de celles qui seront engagées pour élaborer des solutions à des problèmes socio-économiques d'importance (les besoins socio-économiques de connaissances). On met ensuite en évidence les facteurs qui interviendront pour favoriser l'épanouissement des initiatives scientifiques, et on évalue l'effet de ces facteurs sur l'orientation de ces initiatives. On pose ainsi l'hypothèse que ce serait surtout la solution des problèmes socio-économiques, en conjugaison avec les aptitudes scientifiques actuelles, qui orienteront les développements des sciences de l'eau dans l'avenir. Enfin, on présente une approche émergente pouvant aider à comprendre l'évolution des sciences de l'eau. Ce modèle de représentation de la dynamique des initiatives scientifiques est caractérisé par deux pôles d'attraction relevant de la solution des problèmes sociaux reliés à la ressource : l'un en relation avec les besoins de connaissances pour la gestion de l'eau et l'autre lié aux besoins spécifiques de connaissances pour l'administration publique de l'eau.
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Sanctis, Shawn, Rudolf C. Hoffmann, Michael Bruns, and Jörg J. Schneider. "Direct Photopatterning of Solution-Processed Amorphous Indium Zinc Oxide and Zinc Tin Oxide Semiconductors-A Chimie Douce Molecular Precursor Approach to Thin Film Electronic Oxides." Advanced Materials Interfaces 5, no. 15 (June 27, 2018): 1800324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201800324.
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Ezea, J., J. C. Ezike, J. Nathaniel, I. A. Ukar, M. A. Oguike, and U. Herbert. "Profile of blood of weaner boars fed Tetrapleura tetraptera pod pulp meal." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 5 (November 10, 2021): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i5.3189.
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of Tetrapleura tetraptera pod pulp meal on haematology, red blood cell osmotic fragility and serum chemistry values of weaned boars. A total of 18 weaner boars of Large White x Duroc crossbreeds, aged 6 weeks and weighing 9.4kg on the average, were used for the study, which lasted 56 days. The piglets were divided into 3 equal groups, each of which were assigned 0.0%, 2.5% or 5.0% TPM per kg, respectively, of a basal weaner pig diet, in a completely randomized design. Data sets were collected on haematology, serum chemistry and lipid profile. Red blood cells (6.74, 6.03,12 5.57) x 10 /l, packed cell volume (46.33, 39.33, 37.35) %, haemoglobin concentration 9 (13.77, 11.43, 10.37) g/L and the platelet counts (37.90, 33.97, 33.83) x 10 /L were significantly lower (P<0.05) in the sera of boars fed TPM than in those fed zero TPM. Mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were significantly (P<0.05) lowered by addition of TPM in a dose-dependent fashion. Addition of TPM increased the fragility of the erythrocytes in sodium chloride solution of varying concentrations. Serum glucose increased progressively (P<0.05) with increase in TPM. Albumin was significantly reduced only at 5.0% TPM while globulin and urea were reduced (P<0.05) at both levels of TPM. Total protein and ALT were significantly reduced with increase in TPM. HDL was progressively lowered (P<0.05) with addition of TPM while the reverse was the case with LDL. VLDL and TG were significantly increased only at 5.0% TPM. It is concluded that TPM depressed the haematological indices, compromised the stability of the erythrocytes even in normal saline solution, reduced serum albumin, globulin, total protein, ALT and HDL but increased serum glucose, LDL, VLDLand TG.
Cet étude a été menée pour déterminer l'effet de la farine de pulpe de gousse de aTetrapleuratetraptera sur l'hématologie, la fragilité osmotique des globules rouges et lesvaleurs de chimie sérique des verrats sevrés. Au total, 18 verrats sevrés issus de croisements Large White x Duroc, âgés de 6 semaines et pesant en moyenne 9,4 kg, ont été utilisés pour l'étude, qui a duré 56 jours. Les porcelets ont été divisés en 3 groupes égaux, chacun ayant reçu 0,0%, 2,5% ou 5,0% de TPM par kg, respectivement, d'un régime de base pour porcelet sevré, dans un plan complètement randomisé. Des ensembles de données ont été collectés sur l'hématologie, la chimie du sérum et le profil lipidique. Globules rouges (6,74, 6,03, 5,57) x 1012/l, hématocrite (46,33, 39,33, 37,35) %, concentration en hémoglobine (13,77, 11,43, 10,37) g/L et numération plaquettaire (37,90, 33,97, 33,83) x 109/L étaient significativement plus faibles (P<0,05) dans les sérums de verrats nourris au TPM que dans ceux nourris sans TPM. L'hémoglobine cellulaire moyenne et la concentration moyenne d'hémoglobine cellulaire ont été significativement (P < 0,05) abaissées par l'ajout de TPM d'une manière dose-dépendante. L'ajout de TPM a augmenté la fragilité des érythrocytes dans une solution de chlorure de sodium de concentrations variables. La glycémie a augmenté progressivement (P<0,05) avec l'augmentation de la TPM. L'albumine n'était significativement réduite qu'à 5,0 % de TPM tandis que la globuline et l'urée étaient réduites (P< 0,05) aux deux niveaux de TPM. La protéine totale et l'ALT ont été significativement réduites avec l'augmentation de la TPM. Le HDL a été progressivement abaissé (P<0,05) avec l'ajout de TPM alors que l'inverse était le cas avec le LDL. Les VLDL et les TG n'ont augmenté de manière significative qu'à 5,0 % de TPM. Il est conclu que le TPM a diminué les indices hématologiques, a compromis la stabilité des érythrocytes même dans une solution saline normale, a réduit l'albumine sérique, la globuline, les protéines totales, l'ALT et le HDL mais a augmenté le glucose sérique, le LDL, le VLDLet le TG
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
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Dague, Etienne. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
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L'interface entre les bactéries et leur milieu environnant est impliquée dans de nombreux phénomènes : adhésion, biominéralisation, reconnaissance de surface. Les propriétés physico-chimiques de ces interfaces cellulaires sont le plus souvent qualifiées à des échelles macroscopiques (test d’adhésion à une surface ou à des solvants, mesure d’angle de contact…) ne permettant pas de décrire toute la complexité de ces interfaces. Afin de quantifier ces propriétés aux différentes échelles : micrométrique et nanométrique, nous avons mis en œuvre une approche basée sur des techniques microscopiques et spectroscopiques. Quatre souches du genre Shewanella ont été choisies pour la variabilité structurale de leurs enveloppes (présence détestable ou non de polymères en surface). Nous avons pu quantifier par spectroscopie de force l'effet du pH et de la force ionique sur les enveloppes bactériennes. Cette analyse des courbes de force obtenue par AFM a permis de quantifier, in situ, le module d'Young (élasticité) et aussi la constante de raideur (en relation avec la pression de turgescence de la cellule) des bactéries. L'augmentation du pH et/ou de la force ionique induit une augmentation de la souplesse nanomécanique des bactéries. D'autre part, l'analyse électrocinétique, par le biais d'outils théoriques récemment développés, a montré des relations complexes entre la mobilité électrophorétique des quatre souches bactériennes, la charge effective des cellules et leurs propriétés hydrodynamiques, jusque là ignorées en microbiologie. Ainsi, nous avons pu démontrer que les cellules sans polymère présentent une densité de charge beaucoup plus importante avec une perméabilité faible alors que les cellules avec polymères sont peu chargées mais fortement perméables. La combinaison complémentaire de ces différentes approches constitue l'originalité de notre travail et a permis d'ores et déjà, d'interpréter les phénomènes observés aux échelles macroscopiques. Par conséquent, ces nouvelles données permettent une meilleure compréhension mécanistique de la réactivité aux bactéries, notamment de leur capacité d'adhésion. Ainsi, nous proposons une hypothèse expliquant les propriétés d'adhésion, au polystyrène, des cellules modèles de notre étude. Les cellules présentant un polymère important adhèrent moins bien que celles sans polymère en raison du caractère hydrodynamique mou de leur interface et des différences de densité de charge. Les évolutions des interfaces bactériennes avec le pH et la force ionique, démontrées dans ce travail, induisent des modifications des capacités d'adhésion renforçant cette hypothèse.
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Dague, Etienne Block Jean-Claude. "Physico-chimie des interfaces bactérie - solution aqueuse." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0226_DAGUE.pdf.
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Ivanov, Anton Andreevich. "Supramolecular association of metal clusters with cyclodextrins : from interactions in solution to the design of mixed systems clusters-polyoxometalates." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV095/document.
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Les travaux de cette thèse intitulée « Associations supramoléculaires des Complexes de clusters métalliques avec les cyclodextrines : Des interactions en solution à la conception de systèmes mixtes Clusters-polyoxométallates » portent sur l’encapsulation de clusters octaédriques par des oligosaccharides cycliques appelés cyclodextrines. La première partie de ce travail concerne l’étude en solution aqueuse du comportement de clusters de rhénium cationiques [Re6Q8(H2O)6]2+ (avec Q = S ou Se) ou anioniques du type [Re6Q8(CN)6]4- (avec Q = S, Se ou Te) vis-à-vis de cyclodextrines de type α, β et γ. Les études menées en solution au moyen de la RMN de 1H montrent que les clusters aquo cationique [Re6Q8(CN)6]4- interagissent très faiblement avec la cyclodextrine γ (noté γ -CD) alors que la diffraction des rayons X révèle que ces systèmes cristallisés contiennent l’adduit supramoléculaire de type hôte-invité de stoichiométrie 1:1 {[Re6Q8(H2O)6]@g-CD}2+ sans que l’analyse structurale ne révèle d’intéractions attractives significatives entre le cluster et le macrocycle. L’étude des dérivés anioniques cyano [Re6Q8(CN)6]4- (Q = S, Se ou Te) a permis d’établir les critères favorisant les interactions de type hôte-invité. Les études en solution montrent que pour ces systèmes cluster-CD, les interactions supramoléculaires peuvent être classés selon l’ordre α-CD < β-CD < γ-CD. Cependant, la nature du ligand chalcogénure (Q = S, Se, Te) a aussi une influence déterminante dans le processus de reconnaissance supramoléculaire en suivant le classement suivant S < Se < Te. Les études RMN 1H, 77Se et 125Te complétées par la détermination par ITC des grandeurs thermodynamiques associées au processus de reconnaissance hôte-invité. Ces études révèlent dans tous les cas que le processus de reconnaissance est très largement favorisé d’un point de vue enthalpique alors que la contribution entropique est toujours défavorable. Cette signature thermodynamique peut être reliée au comportement chaotrope de ces ions en solution. Les études structurales menées par diffraction des rayons X ont dans tout les cas montrées des associations supramoléculaires qui peuvent différer subtilement selon la nature du cluster et le type de cyclodextrine. Enfin, des études électrochimiques confirment les résultats précédents et mettent davantage en lumière le rôle déterminant de la charge ionique sur la stabilité des agrégats supramoléculaires.Ces complexes de rhénium ont été engagés dans des associations inédites avec des polyoxométallates. L’idée sous jacente de cette étude repose sur la création de système « push-pull » inorganiques associant une unité riche en électrons (le cluster) avec unité pauvre en électrons (le POM). Plusieurs structures sont décrites avec l’ion de Dawson [P2W18O62]6- ou un POM géant dérivé des bleus de molybdène. Elles démontrent le rôle déterminant de la cyclodextrine dans le processus d’interaction qui permet d’associer des anions cluster-POM. Ces composés apparaissent comme de très bon candidats pour l’élaboration de phases nanostructurées à base d’oxychalcogénures métalliques.Dans une dernière partie, les travaux ont été étendus aux clusters {M6X8Cl6}2- ( avec M = Mo ou W et X = Br ou I). Bien que certains d’entre eux présentent des propriétés remarquables de luminescence, leur faible résistance à l’hydrolyse en milieu aqueux limite considérablement leur utilisation pour des applications biomédicales. Ce travail réalisé au moyen de la RMN de 35Cl et UV-vis montre que les associations supramoléculaires de type hôte-invité permet de stabiliser de façon spectaculaire ces clusters. Des études préliminaires de cytotoxicité et de photothérapie dynamique (PDT) menées sur certains de ces systèmes cluster-CD montrent des résultats encourageant qui augurent de belles perspectives pour l’avenirIn this work, we report in first part the detailed study of the interaction of rhenium cluster complexes [{Re6Q8}(H2O)6]2+ and [{Re6Q8}(CN)6]4–/3– (Q = S, Se, Te) with cyclodextrins (α, β and γ). Upon dissolving the reagents in water and then evaporating the solution or diffusion of ethanol vapors into the solution, crystalline products were obtained which crystallized as fragments without the formation of host-guest compounds (α-CD and Q = Se, Te ) or inclusion compounds with weak interactions with the primary or secondary face of CD (β-CD and all complexes, γ-CD / α-CD and Q = S), or very tightly coupled inclusion compounds involving the secondary face of CD (γ- CD and Q = Se, Te), which was confirmed by XRD. Moreover, similar behavior was found in aqueous solutions using a wide range of methods such as NMR spectroscopy (both from the host and the guest side), ITC, mass spectrometry, etc. Also, it was demonstrated that the inclusion cyclodextrins strongly affects the properties of cluster complexes, especially redox and luminescent. All data obtained by solution methods lead to the identification of two main factors of interaction with the CD, namely: (1) size-matching of host and guest, (2) the chaotropic nature of the guest. The chaotropic effect (the water structure breaking) of the complexes makes a significant contribution to the formation of inclusion compounds, however, when size-matching is additionally observed, the interaction becomes even stronger. The chaotropic effect was also confirmed by studying two complexes with different charges. Thus, an increase in the chaotropic effect without changing the size of the complex led to an increase in the binding constants with γ-CD by approximately 1000 times.In the second part, we have demonstrated that the inclusion compounds of rhenium cluster complexes with cyclodextrin can be combined with other functional inorganic compounds - polyoxometalates. In such three-component systems, cyclodextrin plays the role of a binding agent. In the case of a logical combination of oppositely charged cationic cluster complexes and a Dawson-type anion, the system is mainly formed due to the strong bond between the POM and the CD, since cluster interacts very weakly with CD. On the other hand, ions of the same charge (anionic cluster and anionic POM) can also form three-component systems, which are mainly based on inclusion of cluster into CD. Moreover, inclusion compounds can participate in the formation of nanoscale supramolecular ensembles with a nano-wheel {Mo154}, which exist both in solid state and in aqueous solution.In the last part, it was demonstrated that, using the supramolecular approach, it is possible to stabilize molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes with low hydrolytic stability in aqueous solutions. For the first time, water-soluble Na2[{M6X8}Cl6] complexes (M = Mo, W, X = Br, I) were obtained and the kinetics of substitution of terminal ligands in water was studied in detail. Adding γ-CD to the system leads to the formation of strong inclusion compounds in a 1:2 ratio with the participation of the secondary face of cyclodextrin. Moreover, inclusion in γ-CD significantly reduces the rate of substitution of terminal ligands and allows us to obtain solutions that are stable for at least several months. The obtained compounds possess the best photophysical characteristics of luminescence in aqueous solutions among molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes. Also, inclusion in the CD allowed us to study for the first time the redox properties of complexes in water. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that such systems have the lowest cytotoxicity, which makes them promising for further studies for use in biology and medicine
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Siffredi, Gérald. "Renaissance de la chimie de l'ion uranyle (UO2) 2+ en solution non aqueuse." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112284.
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Ce travail traite des nouveaux aspects de la chimie de l’ion uranyle(VI) {UO2}2+ observés en milieu organique anhydre et anaérobie et intéressants sur le plan fondamental et pour leurs applications : l’activation de la liaison U–Oyl, longtemps considérée comme inerte chimiquement, et la réduction contrôlée de l’ion {UO2}2+. Nous avons d’abord étudié la réactivité des composés de l’uranyle(VI) UO2X’2 (X’ = I, OTf, Cl) avec les halogénures de triméthylsilyle Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) dans différents solvants organiques anhydres. Ces réactions sont fortement influencées par le contre-ion de l’ion uranyle(VI) X’, l’halogène X et le solvent utilisés. Dans l’acétonitrile et à partir de [UO2I2(thf)3], elles conduisent facilement à la formation des halogénures de l’uranium(IV) [UX4(MeCN)4], très souvent utilisés comme précurseurs en chimie de l’uranium. Ce processus implique l’activation de la liaison U–Oyl, la réduction et la désoxygénation de l’uranium. Dans les autres solvants et pour X’ = OTf ou Cl, elles sont moins efficaces et / ou sont accompagnées de réactions concurrentes (ouverture du thf, coupure de l’éther). Nous avons ensuite étudié les réactions entre les composés UO2X2 (X = I, Cl, OTf, NO3) et MC5R5 (M = K, R = H, Me ; M = Li, R = Me ; M = Tl, R = H) dans différents solvants organiques anhydres dans le but initial de synthétiser des complexes métallocènes du type [(η5-C5R5)nUO2X2-n] (n = 1, 2). Mais ces réactions conduisent invariablement à la réduction du métal et à la formation de composés stables de l’ion uranyle(V) {UO2}+, offrant ainsi l’opportunité d’améliorer les connaissances physico-chimiques des ions actinyles(V) {AnO2}+ (An = Np, Pu, Am) qui jouent un rôle important dans le cycle du combustible nucléaire. Si le sel MX produit au cours de la réaction est soluble, le caractère basique du groupe oxo de l’uranyle(V) favorise les interactions U–Oyl→M et la formation d’espèces hétéropolynucléaires dont la structure dépend de la stéréochimie du métal M et des différents modes de coordination des groupements X : [{UO2(py)5}{MX(py)2}] (M = Li, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}{MX2(py)2}]∞ (M = K, Tl, X = OTf ; M = K, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}(M2X3)]∞ (M = Li, X = OTf) ou [{UO2(py)5}2(M3X5)]∞ (M = K ; X = OTf). Avec le précipitation du sel, la réaction livre des complexes mononucléaires tels que [UO2(py)5][I] ou [UO2(OTf)(py)4]This work deals with new aspects of the chemistry of the uranyl(VI) ion {UO2}2+ in anhydrous polar organic solvents such as the activation of the reputedly inert U–Oyl bond and the controlled reduction of this species which represent a particularly active field of research that attracts much attention for both its fundamental aspects and applications. Treatment of uranyl(VI) compounds UO2X’2 (X’ = I, OTf, Cl) with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) reagents, in various anhydrous polar organic solvents, has been first considered. In most cases, reduction into tetravalent species with complete deoxygenation of the uranyl {UO2}2+ ion is observed. The reaction is particularly efficient in acetonitrile where the tetravalent [UX4(MeCN)4] complexes, which are useful precursors in uranium chemistry, are isolated. In the course of these reactions, the influence of the solvent, the nature of X’ and X in the UO2X’2 precursor and the Me3SiX reagent are pointed out. Reaction of the uranyl(VI) UO2X2 (X = I, Cl, OTf, NO3) precursors with the anionic MC5R5 (M = K, R = H, Me ; M = Li, R = Me ; M = Tl, R = H) reagents did not lead to the organometallic [(η5-C5R5)nUO2X2-n] species (n = 1, 2) but to pentavalent uranyl(V) complexes. This method is a facile and rapid route towards the formation of stable pentavalent uranyl which offers promising sources for further U(V) chemical developments and for fundamental and applied interests. Their structure is strongly dependent on the nature of the solvent, the additional ligands X and of the M+ cation. In pyridine, the {UO2(py)5}+ ion appears to be an ubiquitous and a quite stable entity. The coordinating properties of the basic oxo groups, which coordinate easily to M+ ions (M = Li, K, Tl), favour structural diversity with formation of heteropolymetallic complexes such as [{UO2(py)5}{MX(py)2}] (M = Li, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}{MX2(py)2}]∞ (M = K, Tl, X = OTf ; M = K, X = I), [{UO2(py)5}(M2X3)]∞ (M = Li, X = OTf) or [{UO2(py)5}2(M3X5)]∞ (M = K ; X = OTf). With precipitation of insoluble MX salt (TlI in pyridine for example), reactions give mononuclear species like [UO2(py)5][I]. Once again, the results presented here highlight the advantage of handling uranyl(VI) compounds in strictly anhydrous and deoxygenated media and further demonstrate that uranyl chemistry will witness novel developments under such experimental conditions
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Martin, Sébastien. "Mécanismes de sorption et d'oxydoréduction à l'interface oxyde/solution : couplage chimie / transport." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S157.
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Au vu de l'omniprésence des oxydes de fer dans le milieu naturel, et en particulier la goethite et l'hématite qui sont les formes les plus stables, mais aussi de la prolifération des contaminants émergents dans l'environnement, comme les fluoroquinolones, notre objectif a été d'étudier leur réactivité et de définir les mécanismes de sorption et d'oxydoréduction à l'interface oxyde/solution dans des conditions statiques (batch) et hydrodynamiques contrôlées (colonne) en couplant une étude macroscopique (techniques chromatographiques, LC/MS, LC/UV) avec une approche microscopique (spectroscopie vibrationnelle et XPS) et de modélisation mécanistique (TPM et CD-MUSIC). Ces travaux mettent en évidence les principaux mécanismes responsables de la transformation des molécules organiques à la surface d'un oxyde de fer, et donc fournissent des informations nécessaires à la compréhension du devenir des contaminants émergents dans l'environnementGiven the ubiquity of iron oxides in environmental settings, particularly goethite and hematite, the most stable forms, but also the proliferation of emerging contaminants, such as fluoroquinolones, in the environment, our goal was to study their reactivity and describe mechanisms of sorption and redox at oxide /solution interfaces in static batch) and hydrodynamic conditions (column) by coupling a macroscopic study (LC/MS, LC/UV) with a microscopic/molecular approach (vibrational spectroscopy and XPS) and mechanistic modeling (TPM and CD-MUSIC).. These works highlight the main mechanisms responsible of the transformation of organic molecules on iron oxide surfaces and thus provide valuable information necessary for the understanding of the fate of emerging contaminants in the environment
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Solastiouk, Bernard. "Etude thermodynamique et cinétique du système chlore/acide cyanurique en solution aqueuse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10087.
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Méthode de calcul de la composition d'un mélange de chlore et d'acide cyanurique à l'équilibre. Influences de la concentration totale en acide, en chlore actif, en chlorure, effet de la température et du ph sur ce mélange. Les conditions d'utilisation des dérives chlores de l'acide cyanurique comme apport et stabilisateurs de chlore actif dans les eaux de piscines sont discutés
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Chanéac, Corinne. "Chimie a l'interface oxyde-solution. Application a la synthese de materiaux magnetiques nanostructures." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066513.
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Des materiaux composites contenant des nanoparticules de maghemite dispersees dans des matrices de silice ou dans des resines epoxydes ont ete elaborees par polymerisation inorganique ou organique. Le protocole choisi pour l'elaboration de ces materiaux comporte plusieurs etapes: la preparation de solutions colloidales aqueuses puis l'addition de precurseurs polymerisables au sein du sol aqueux (composites siliciques) ou le transfert des particules en milieu organique suivi de la polymerisation (composites epoxydes). Dans les composites siliciques, les particules conservent leur couche d'hydratation et aucune interaction forte n'est observee entre la matrice et les atomes de fer de surface. Les interactions sont de type liaisons hydrogene entre les groupements silanols terminaux de la matrice et les molecules d'eau de solvatation des particules. En milieu non aqueux, le developpement d'interactions particules-solvant necessite l'adsorption d'agents de couplage. Les acides phosphoniques ainsi que les acides carboxyliques s'adsorbent efficacement a la surface des particules de maghemite (liaisons covalentes) et permettent la formation d'organosols. L'etude du comportement thermique des composites siliciques a revele la stabilite structurale et morphologique des particules de maghemite jusqu'a 1000c au moins. La matrice de silice joue ici le role d'agent antifrittage. La structure du sesquioxyde de fer epsilon a ete determinee. Du point de vue structural, cette phase est intermediaire entre la maghemite et l'hematite. Sous atmosphere inerte, les matrices obtenues a partir du triethoxysilane sont par contre tres reactives et permettent par reduction de former des particules de metal
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Kosinski, Marek. "Contribution à l'étude de la chimie en solution du technetium à l'état d'oxydation (IV) /." Lausanne, 1992. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?display=detail&nr=1081.
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Viguier, Romain. "Synthèse de nouveaux ligands polypodes : complexation des ions lanthanide en solution aqueuse." Grenoble 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10277.
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Dans ce travail les syntheses de ligands tripodes a sous unites methyloxyacetates : hexadentes, nonadentes et dodecadentes, a espaceur tris (oxymethyl) alkyle, ont ete realisees. La synthese de nouveaux ligands hexapodes triaminehexaacetates : nonadentes a espaceur tris (aminomethyl) alkyle est egalement decrite. Les constantes de stabilite ainsi que les constantes de protonation des complexes d'ions lanthanide de ces ligands sont determinees ainsi que celles d'une serie de ligands tripodes a sous unites methyloxypropionates. Les valeurs des constantes de stabilite des complexes d'ions lanthanide en solution aqueuse sont de l'ordre de 10 4 pour les tripodes tripropionates, 10 8 pour les triacetates hexadentes, 10 5 pour des triacetates nonadentes, 10 4 pour les triacetates dodecadentes et 10 1 4 pour les hexaacetates nonadentes. Une approche par rmn de l'oxygene-17, denombre les molecules d'eau presentes dans la sphere interne de coordination du cation dysprosium complexe et permet de suivre la complexation en fonction du ph. Nous n'avons observe aucune participation particuliere des oxygenes donneurs neutres des fonctions ethers. Que ce soit dans les systemes a chaines courtes (tota et totp) ou les systemes a chaines plus longues (to(eo)ta et to(eo) 2ta), l'augmentation du nombre d'oxygenes donneurs neutres dans la structure des ligands a ete sans effet sur la stabilite. Par contre nous avons remarque que l'augmentation de la taille des branches du tripode etait un facteur destabilisant. Le taha forme des complexes sur toute la gamme de ph etudie (1 a 9,5), le nombre des molecules d'eau liees au centre metallique (entre un et deux) en milieu physiologique pourrait permettre l'utilisation de ce complexe comme agent de contraste. De plus sa charge globale negative lui permettrait une elimination rapide par voie urinaire et pourrait autoriser des tests de biodistribution en vue de son utilisation comme agent chelatant pour la radiotherapie.
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Michel, Fabien. "Association cuivre-radical phénoxyle : chimie en solution et modèles bio-inspirés de la Galactose Oxydase." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10260.
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La galactose oxydase est une metalloenzyme du cuivre qui catalyse l'oxydation aerobique des alcools primaires en aldehyde avec reduction concomitante d'une molecule de dioxygene en peroxyde d'hydrogene. Son site actif renferme l'association originale cuivre(ii)-radical tyrosinyle qui emmagasine deux equivalents oxydants. A partir de complexes du cuivre modeles, nous avons reproduit cette association et l'avons etendue a des structures plus complexes pouvant emmagasiner trois et quatre equivalents oxydants. En premier lieu, nous avons prepare des complexes du cuivre a partir de ligands tripodaux a sphere de coordination de type n3o. Les complexes radical phenoxyle-cuivre ont ete engendres par oxydation electrochimique des complexes precedents. Nous avons pu observer des effets de la structure du ligands sur l'environnement autour du cuivre et sur la stabilite des complexes radicalaires correspondants. Dans un second temps, la chimie en solution des ligands en presence de cuivre(i) ou (ii), sous des conditions aerobiques ou anaerobiques, a ete etudiee afin de mimer et comprendre le processus de maturation de l'enzyme. Une etude par rmn du fluor 19 a permis d'apporter une contribution nouvelle a la comprehension de cette chimie en solution: differents type de marquage par le fluor ont ete utlilises: marquage par f ou cf3 sur un phenol ou f sur une quinoleine. Dans la derniere partie, des complexes destines a stocker plus de deux equivalents oxydants ont ete mis au point: pour le stokage de trois equivalent oxydants, nous avons obtenu les deux premiers complexes comportant un radical phenoxyle pontant deux ions cuivriquesGALACTOSE OXIDASE IS AN EXTRACELLULAR COPPER-CONTAINING ENZYME THAT CATALYSES THE OXIDATION OF PRIMARY ALCOHOLS TO THEIR CORRESPONDING ALDEHYDES WITH CONCOMITANT REDUCTION OF MOLECULAR DIOXYGEN TO HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. ITS ACTIVE SITE CONTAINS A COPPER ATOM MAGNETICALLY COUPLED TO A TYROSYL RADICAL: THIS ORIGINAL ASSOCIATION ALLOWS THE STORAGE OF TWO OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT. With SYNTHETIC COPPER COMPLEXES, WE HAVE REPRODUCED THIS ASSOCIATION AND EXTENSED IT TO MORE COMPLEX STRUCTURES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENTS. FIRST, WE HAVE PREPARED THE PRECURSOR COPPER COMPLEXES FROM SEVERAL LIGANDS. THE PHENOXYL COPPER(II) COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED BY ONE- ELECTRON OXYDATION. OUR RESUTS DEMONSTRATE THAT THE LIGAND STRUCTURE INFLUENCES THE GEOMETRY ARROUND THE METAL CENTER AND ALSO THE STABILITY OF THE RADICAL SPECIES. IN A SECOND PART, WE HAVE INVESTIGATED THE SOLUTION CHEMISTRY OF THE LIGAND UNDER VARIOUS COPPER AND DIOXYGEN STATUS IN ORDER TO MIMIC AND UNDERSTAND THE MATURATION OF GALACTOSE OXIDASE ; 19 FLUORINE NMR SPECTROSCOPY PROVED TO BE A POWERFUL TOOL IN THIS STUDY : 19F LABELING HAS BEEN REALIZED BY INCORPORATED A F ATOM IN A QUINOLIN OR A F ATOM AND A CF3 GROUP IN A PHENOL. IN THE LAST PART, THE SYNTHESIS OF BIO-INSPIRED COMPLEXES WHICH CAN CONTAIN THREE AND FOUR OXIDAZING EQUIVALENT HAVE BEEN INVESTIGATED: THE FIRST BRIDGING PHENOXYL COPPER COMPLEXES HAVE BEEN OBTAINED AND CHARACTERIZED
Books on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
1
Chang, Raymond. Chimie des solutions. 3rd ed. Montréal: Chenelière/McGraw-Hill, 2009.
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Răileanu, Metodiu. Rolul solvenților în chimie. București: Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România, 1988.
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auteur, Goldsby Kenneth A., Papillon, Luc, 1943- éditeur intellectuel, Arpin, Azélie, 1978- éditeur intellectuel, and Chang Raymond, eds. Chimie des solutions. 4th ed. Montréal, Québec, Canada: McGraw-Hill Education, Chenelière Éducation, 2014.
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5
Fleury, Maurice-Bernard. Cours de chimie analytique: Équilibres en solution. Paris: Polytechnica, 1996.
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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. De la solution à l'oxyde: Condensation des cations en solution aqueuse, chimie de surface des oxydes. Paris: InterEditions, 1994.
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Hansen, Charles M. Hansen solubility parameters: A user's handbook. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2000.
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Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), ed. Water: A matrix of life. 2nd ed. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2000.
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Reichardt, C. Solvents and solvent effects in organic chemistry. 2nd ed. Weinheim, Federal Republic of Germany: VCH, 1988.
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Harris, Daniel C. Quantitative chemical analysis solution manual. New York: W. H. Freeman, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
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Roberts, George A. F. "Solubility and Solution Behaviour of Chitin and Chitosan." In Chitin Chemistry, 274–329. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11545-7_6.
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Muzzarelli, R. A. A., A. Cosani, A. Fornasa, C. A. Kienzle-Sterzer, C. K. Rha, D. Rodriguez-Sanchez, M. Scandola, M. Terbojevich, and M. Vincendon. "Chitin and Chitosan Solutions." In Chitin in Nature and Technology, 337–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2167-5_41.
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Domard, Alain, and Sandrine Demarger-Andre. "Lipid Chitosan Interactions in Aqueous Solutions." In Advances in Chitin and Chitosan, 199–205. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5942-5_24.
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Handke, Michael. "The (De-)Contextualization of Geographical Knowledge in Forest Fire Risk Management in Chile as a Challenge for Governance." In Knowledge for Governance, 161–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47150-7_8.
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AbstractChilean society is confronted with increasing risk from wildfires. Individual rather than collective risk management solutions predominate. Large forest companies, for example, reduce the probability of wildfires affecting their tree plantations with hierarchically-ordered management routines. Additionally, they purchase insurance policies to protect themselves from economic losses. Other stakeholders in the Chilean forest regions, however, do not have the same access to these forms of risk management due to the high degree of technical knowledge and organizational competences required. In his contribution, Michael Handke assesses the strengths and weaknesses of interacting hierarchical and market forms of risk management and calls for a deeper geographical approach to risk governance. He reveals that detailed geographical knowledge of wildfires is explicitly decontextualized and even ignored in current risk management practices. As a result, essential knowledge about the causes and effects of arson, which seem to be on the rise in Chile, is lost.
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"5. Chimie et physico-chimie de surface des oxydes." In De la solution à l'oxyde, 185–232. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1959-1-007.
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"5. Chimie et physico-chimie de surface des oxydes." In De la solution à l'oxyde, 185–232. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-1959-1.c007.
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"CHAPITRE 2 : SOLUTION." In La chimie du cola, 39–64. EDP Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2593-6.c003.
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Sigg, Laura, Philippe Behra, and Werner Stumm. "6. Métaux en solution aqueuse." In Chimie des milieux aquatiques, 145–82. Dunod, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dunod.sigg.2014.01.0145.
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"ANNEXE. Le modèle des charges partielles Application à la chimie aqueuse." In De la solution à l'oxyde, 219–50. EDP Sciences, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-0292-0.c008.
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"Chapitre 19. Principes généraux des calculs impliquant les activités d’espèces ioniques en solution." In Le concept d'activité en chimie, 221–32. EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/978-2-7598-2449-6-021.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
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Fritz, Hermann M., Costas E. Synolakis, Catherine M. Petroff, Patricio A. Catalán, Rodrigo Cienfuegos, Patricio Winckler, Nikos Kalligeris, et al. "Observations and Modeling of the 27 February 2010 Tsunami in Chile." In Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)30.
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Toderas, Ion, Aurelian Gulea, Valentin Gudumac, Elena Roscov, and Olga Garbuz. "Metodă nouă de apreciere a toxicităţii substanţelor chimice." In International symposium ”Functional ecology of animals” dedicated to the 70th anniversary from the birth of academician Ion Toderas. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975315975.81.
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We developed a new invention that relates to method for assessing the toxicity of chemical substances.The method of the invention includes the preparation of the culture of Paramecium caudatum, adding to the samples investigated to test chemicals in various concentrations, incubating the sample to be studied and control the addition of colourant 3-amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride, incubation with subsequent addition of solution of formalin, centrifuging the sample, removing the supernatant, adding the solution of hydroxide of sodium, determine the absorbance using a spectrophotometer, followed by calculating the percentage of paramecii viability and determine the lethal concentration (LC50) at the same time as the value of the concentration LC50 is small, the toxicity of the tested substance is higher.
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Edge, Billy, Martin Eskijian, Russ Boudreau, Miguel Carbuccia, Omar Jaradat, Marc Percher, Jaime Serrano, and Arul Arulmoli. "Investigation of the Damage to Areas of Coastal Chile Due to the Maule MW 8.8 Earthquake of February 27, 2010." In Solutions to Coastal Disasters Conference 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41185(417)31.
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Naraghi, Mohammad H., and Romain Cellard du Sordet. "Stack Effect Correlation for Rooftop Solar Chimneys." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63085.
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A correlation for calculating flow rate of air in solar chimneys is developed. This correlation is based on the variables that have the most direct influence on the volume flow rate of air through a solar chimney. These variables include: the spacing between the absorbing wall and glass (chimney depth), absorbing wall temperature, inlet air temperature and height of chimney. The slope of the rooftop solar chimney, for the range of typical roofs (30°–60°) has very little influence on the flow rate. The solution of energy balance equations for various components of the solar chimney along with the newly developed correlation shows a significant improvement of the results compared to the existing stack effect correlation.
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Nakielska, Magdalena, and Krzysztof Pawłowski. "Enhancement of Gravity Ventilation in Buildings." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.269.
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Nowadays, people are looking for solutions related to ventilation, cooling or heat demand systems, which would be energy efficient and, at the same time, would not cause the degradation of the surrounding environment. As far as ventilation is concerned, an good solution is a natural ventilation, which improves thermal comfort rooms without increasing the consumption of electrical energy in the building. In order to improve the mode of action of the natural ventilation in the building, one can mount various elements supporting the air flow. One of them is a solar chimney. In order to check the correct operation of a gravity ventilation installation in Poland’s climatic conditions, the measurements was carried out on a test stand on the 3.1 building of UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz. The received results show the intensification of the air flow through the room the value between 50% and 150%, depending on a measuring hour (Chen et al. 2003). These research results were compared with the research results received before the installation of the solar chimney on the ducts of the gravity ventilation.
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Xiaoshan Wang, Guiling Diao, Xiangdong Feng, and Yaqiong Yang. "Consistent CMT solutions before the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake." In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6002939.
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Zuo, F., L. D. Sardi, J. F. A. Arriagada, D. A. H. Astorga, X. Tang, M. I. Chaura, S. Olivares, and P. H. Barraza. "TECNORED'S IRRIGATION POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR SMALL FARMERS IN CHILE." In The 10th Renewable Power Generation Conference (RPG 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.2374.
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Daoudi, E., L. El Gaini, Y. Boughaleb, and M. Bakasse. "Adsorption of paraquat, diquat and methylene blue in aqueous solution onto the biopolymer chitin." In 2009 3rd ICTON Mediterranean Winter Conference (ICTON-MW 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictonmw.2009.5385620.
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Iwamoto, Tatsuya, Dana Miranda, James Banfield, Jake Yang, and Belgacem Hizoum. "Enhanced Natural Circulation Modeling in the GNF BWR Core Simulator AETNA02 for ESBWR." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-61036.
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GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy’s (GEH) next evolution of Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) technology is the Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR). The ESBWR is a natural circulation reactor which employs numerous passive safety features while simultaneously offering a large power output for a relatively small plant footprint. The ESBWR is characterized with shortened fuel length and a tall, partitioned chimney region above the core to promote natural circulation core flow. The ESBWR is studied with Global Nuclear Fuel (GNF)’s advanced core-simulator AETNA02. AETNA02 is a static, three-dimensional coupled nuclear-thermal hydraulic computer program representing a BWR core. The new GNF lattice-physics core simulator package LANCR02/AETNA02 consists of the two-dimensional method of characteristics based lattice code, LANCR02, which generates cross sections over a range of plant conditions and passes them to the three neutron energy group coarse mesh nodal diffusion code AETNA02. For the thermal hydraulic solution, AETNA02 includes a model which explicitly solves for the flow in each channel, water rod, and bypass region which accompanies a fuel channel. For the solution of a natural circulation plant like the ESBWR, AETNA02 utilizes the Automatic Plant Thermal Hydraulics (APTH) model which includes models for the core, the chimney region, the separator, the dryer, and the downcomer. AETNA02 iterates on the fuel channel flow and the pressure drop by modeling each chimney partition explicitly with fuel channels and bypasses mapped to it in addition to a bypass mixing model for the chimneys. This is relevant because the peripheral channels (low power) will have a lower void fraction while the central channels (higher power) will have a higher void fraction. Thus, the chimneys connected to these channels will each have a different hydrostatic head. To verify and validate each of the APTH component models, code-to-code comparisons are performed with the GEH TRACG04 code as well as data comparisons with experiments. The TRACG04 computer program is a best-estimate two-fluid transient code. Code-to-code comparisons of the two different methods (two-fluid model in TRACG04 versus drift flux model in AETNA02) are made. In addition, this study attempts to quantify the impact on the core flow distribution that will affect the calculated thermal margins, including the Critical Power Ratio (CPR). The impact of the multiple chimney (MC) versus the single chimney (SC) model is studied. The multiple chimney partition modeling provides additional detail to the core flow distribution that is not considered in the single chimney model. The results confirm and add confidence that the multiple chimney partition modeling will provide improved accuracy in the ESBWR core design.
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Smaili, Ahmad, Ismail Bagci, and Muhammad Sannah. "Isoparametric Timoshenko Elements for Dynamic Analysis of Structures and Mechanical Systems." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0469.
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Abstract This paper presents 4-, 5-, 6- and 7-node isoparametric Timoshenko beam elements for modeling constant and varying cross-section thick and thin beams with various boundary conditions. Numerical integration is employed to determine the mass and stiffness matrices to facilitate modeling of varying cross-section beams. The accuracy of each proposed element is illustrated by determining the natural frequencies of: Thick and thin beams with constant and varying cross-section; linearly tapered cantilever circular tube with small wall thickness; chimney structure; and of a four-bar mechanism. In all examples, the results obtained using the proposed elements are compared, whenever available, with exact solution and with solutions determined when other elements available in the literature are used. The proposed elements did not cause shear locking when tested on thin beams of aspect ratio 500.
Reports on the topic "Solution (chimie)"
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Frankel, Jeffrey. A Solution to Fiscal Procyclicality: The Structural Budget Institutions Pioneered by Chile. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16945.
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Ortiz, Raphaëlle, Anamaría Núñez, Corinne Cathala, Ana R. Rios, and Mauro Nalesso. Water in the Time of Drought II: Lessons from Droughts around the World. Edited by Raul Muñoz, Alfred Grunwaldt, and Claudia Calderón. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003425.
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This technical note is an update to the previous "Water in the Time of Drought: Lessons from Five Droughts Around the World", published in 2018. It explores drought situations and policies in Spain (including the Canary Islands), Chile, Mexico, the dry corridor between Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador, Brazil, and South Africa. Each of these countries has recently dealt with droughts and/or developed long-term solutions to manage them. HydroBID, a tool developed by the IDB, will be presented through relevant case studies. After defining drought experiences and institutional frameworks in each country, the brief will explore the successes and challenges of national drought and water management policies. Best practices and lessons learned will be extracted from each case study to help policymakers better prepare for droughts.
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Shan, Yina, Praem Mehta, Duminda Perera, and Yurissa Yarela. Cost and Efficiency of Arsenic Removal from Groundwater: A Review. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, February 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/kmwt2129.
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Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are exposed to arsenic-contaminated drinking water, leading to significant health complications, and social and economic losses. Currently, a wide range of technologies exists to remove arsenic from water. However, despite ongoing research on such technologies, their widespread application remains limited. To bridge this gap, this review aims to compare the effectiveness and costs of various arsenic remediation technologies while considering their practical applicability. A search conducted using the Medline and Embase databases yielded 31 relevant articles published from 1996 to 2018, which were categorized into laboratory and field studies. Data on the effectiveness of technologies in removing arsenic and associated costs were extracted and standardized for comparison as much as was possible, given the diversity of ways that studies report their key results. The twenty-three (23) technologies tested in laboratory settings demonstrated efficiencies ranging from 50% to ~100%, with the majority reaching relatively high removal efficiencies (>90%). Approximately half achieved the WHO standard of 10 µg/L. Laboratory studies used groundwater samples from nine (9) different countries – Argentina, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Guatemala, India, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. The fourteen (14) technologies tested in the field achieved removal efficiency levels ranging between 60% and ~99%, with ten (10) attaining above 90% removal efficiency. Of these, only five (5) reached established the WHO standard. Some of the technologies under-performed when their influent water contained excessive concentrations of arsenic. Only six (6) countries (Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, and Nicaragua) were represented among the studies that implemented and tested technologies in the field, either at household or community level. For technologies tested in the laboratory, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 93, except for one technology which cost USD 299/m³. For studies conducted in the field, the cost of treating one cubic meter of water ranged from near-zero to ~USD 70. Key factors influencing the removal efficiencies and their costs include the arsenic concentration of the influent water, pH of the influent water, materials used, the energy required, absorption capacity, labour used, regeneration period and geographical location. Technologies that demonstrate high removal efficiencies when treating moderately arsenic-contaminated water may not be as efficient when treating highly contaminated water. Also, the lifetime of the removal agents is a significant factor in determining their efficiency. It is suggested that remediation technologies that demonstrate high arsenic removal efficiencies in a laboratory setting need to be further assessed for their suitability for larger-scale application, considering their high production and operational costs. Costs can be reduced by using locally available materials and natural adsorbents, which provide near zero-cost options and can have high arsenic removal efficiencies. A notable feature of many arsenic removal approaches is that some countries with resource constraints or certain environmental circumstances – like typically high arsenic concentrations in groundwater –aim to reach resultant arsenic concentrations that are much higher than WHO’s recommended standard of 10 µg/L. This report maintains that – while this may be a pragmatic approach that helps progressively mitigate the arsenic-related health risks – it is unfortunately not a sustainable solution. Continuing exposure to higher levels of arsenic ingestion remains harmful for humans. Hence arsenic-removal technology should only be seen efficient if it can bring the water to the WHO standard. A less radical approach effectively shifts the attention from the origin of the problem in addressing the impacts and postpones achieving the best possible outcome for populations. The quantitative summary of costs and effectiveness of arsenic remediation technologies reviewed in this report can serve as a preliminary guideline for selecting the most cost-effective option. It may also be used as an initial guideline (minimum standard) for summarising the results of future studies describing arsenic remediation approaches. Looking ahead, this study identifies four priority areas that may assist in commercializing wide-scale implementation of arsenic removal technologies. These include: i) focusing efforts on determining market viability of technologies, ii) overcoming practical limitations of technologies, iii) determining technology contextual appropriateness and iv) concerted effort to increase knowledge sharing in and across regions to accelerate the implementation of research on the ground. Overall, the current science and knowledge on arsenic remediation technologies may be mature enough already to help significantly reduce the global numbers of affected populations. The missing link for today’s arsenic removal challenge is the ability to translate research evidence and laboratory-level successes into quantifiable and sustainable impacts on the ground. Achieving this requires a concerted and sustained effort from policymakers, engineers, healthcare providers, donors, and community leaders.