Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solvants chlorés'
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Ginestet, Philippe. "Biodégradation de solvants chlorés par une biomasse bactérienne nitrifiante." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10356.
Full textHermon, Louis. "Diagnostic microbiologique de sites contaminés par les solvants chlorés." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ113.
Full textThe biodegradation potential of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) and dichloromethane (DCM) in groundwater from the former industrial site of Themeroil (Varennes-le-Grand, France) was evaluated in microcosm studies, using molecular biomarkers and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). The objective of this work was to evaluate i) the biodegradation of these pollutants and the associated bacterial diversity in site groundwater, and ii) the impact of contaminant mixtures and redox conditions on biodegradation. The major role of a taxon affiliated to Dehalococcoides in PCE degradation in site groundwater, and its potential link to dehalogenase genes pceA and vcrA associated with the process, were highlighted. Degradation of DCM in the presence of CEs in site groundwater was then demonstrated, and DCM-degrading strains were isolated from site groundwater and characterised. CSIA revealed a large extent of DCM biodegradation in situ. Analyses of groundwater from the site, targeting dcmA and dhlA genes for DCM biodegradation by qPCR, as well as by high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, allowed to evaluate the potential role of different bacterial taxa associated with DCM dehalogenation in DCM degradation on site. It was shown that the spatial distribution of these taxa on site depends significantly from redox conditions and contamination level. The influence of these parameters on biodegradation was also investigated in microcosms, and distinct degradation profiles were observed under different redox and co-contamination conditions. This suggests that different types of metabolism participate in biodegradation of chlorinated ethenes and alkanes on site. Obtained results confirm the relevance of microcosm studies in evaluating halogenated pollutants biodegradation potential on contaminated sites, and in guiding the choice of remediation approaches to be favoured
Guillot, de Suduiraut M.-Charlotte. "Conditions chimiques et modélisation de la biodégradation des solvants chlorés dans les nappes souterraines." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30064.
Full textBenremita, Hocine. "Approche expérimentale et simulation numérique du transfert de solvants chlorés en aquifère alluvial contrôlé." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2002/BENREMITA_Hocine_2002.pdf.
Full textWith the objective of the better understanding of the complex mechanisms of groundwater pollution by chlorinated solvents, it is essential to apprehend the physico-chemical processes of mass transfer between phases and the exchange phenomena between the various compartments of the subsurface medium and atmosphere. Experiments were undertaken on controlled experimental platform SCERES with dimensions 25m1́2m3́m reconstituting an alluvial aquifer. It is observed that the development and the distribution of the chlorinated solvent vapor plume are strongly influenced by the temperature, density-induced advection and mass flux towards the atmosphere. This pollution by the vapor can cause a significant contamination of the water table by vertical dispersion through the capillary fringe, and a more intense contamination by vapor leaching with flux of several tens times more significant. Validation of multiphase model SIMUSCOPP on the basis of the results of these experiments allowed, on one hand, to test the model under which condition it is capable of reproducing the observed concentrations and, on the other hand, to show the potentials as well as the limits of numerical modeling
Lucas, Lise. "Méthode de caractérisation de la pollution des aquifères par les solvants chlorés sur sites anthropisés." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1166.
Full textDridi, Lotfi. "Transfert d'un mélange de solvants chlorés en aquifère poreux hétérogène : Expérimentations sur site contrôlé et simulations numériques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DRIDI_Lotfi_2006.pdf.
Full textThree large-scale experiments were conducted on the experimental set-up SCERES. The multiphase multicomponent code SIMUSCOPP was used in order to simulate migration and transport of the mixture of TCE/PCE. The Partitioning Interwell Tracer Test carried out on SCERES presented limits as for its application on real site. In addition, numerical studies based on the inversion of concentration data showed that is possible to determine a pollutant distribution in a vertical plane from dissolved concentrations profiles in the case of a mono constituent source in homogeneous porous media. Quantification of the influence of a low permeable layer placed at the upper boundary of SCERES on the transfer of a TCE and PCE mixture revealed that even in the presence of a perched capillary water zone, the vapor fluxes towards the atmosphere is significant. Moreover, by using a 1-D numerical approach, it was shown that the error made in the estimation of the vapor fluxes towards the atmosphere by indirect approach increases when the water content varies significantly in the unsaturated zone. The numerical simulations carried out showed that SIMUSCOPP over-estimates the transfer of the vapor towards the aqueous phase and is not very sensitive to the type of injection used in the simulation. In the presence of local heterogeneities, the distribution of the source area is more complex and non uniform. In addition, it is shown that in the presence of a high water content in the unsaturated zone, the assumption of instantaneous equilibrium between the gaseous and aqueous phases is not valid. Moreover, by comparing the equilibrium dissolved concentrations of TCE and PCE, we could highlight the phenomenon of dissolution kinetics at the macroscopic scale
Mangeret, Arnaud. "Cinétiques de dégradation des solvants chlorés dans les eaux souterraines - Approches multi-échelles du laboratoire au site réel." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650447.
Full textMangeret, Arnaud. "Cinétiques de dégradation des solvants chlorés dans les eaux souterraines : approche multi-échelles du laboratoire au site réel." Bordeaux 3, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650447.
Full textGarlantezec, Ronan. "Exposition professionnelle maternelle aux solvants organiques et malformations congenitales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020810.
Full textGarlantézec, Ronan. "Exposition professionnelle maternelle aux solvants organiques et malformations congenitales." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T003.
Full textThe aim of this project was to study the relation between maternal occupational exposure to solvents and congenital malformations.This project used data from the PELAGIE study. This is a mother child cohort which had included 3 421 women from the general population at the beginning of their pregnancy in Britany. Occupational exposure to solvents was assessed by different methods (self-report, job exposure matrix, and urinary determination of glycol ethers and chlorinated solvents metabolites).We have shown an association between solvent exposure using indirect method of assessment and congenital malformations. Using a randomized sample of 451 women, we have studied the occupational and non occupational determinants of urinary detection of glycol ethers and chlorinated solvents metabolites. Finally, we have studied in a nested case-control study, the relation between urinary solvent metabolites and congenital malformations
Razafindratsima, Stephen Mamy. "Approches couplées géophysique et hydrogéologique de la contamination des aquifères : application à une pollution aux solvants chlorés denses, Néry-Saintines, Oise, France." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066252.
Full textRinaldo, Sandro. "Etude et devenir de la pollution d'une nappe alluviale par des solvants chloréss sur des sites industriels historiques en activités." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066120.
Full textThis thesis focused on pollution by chlorinated solvents of alluvial systems. Chlorinated solvents have physicochemical characteristics that make their environmental evolution complicated. Two industrial sites, sill in activity, with a chlorinated solvents pollution problem are treated with a multidisciplinary approach. This approach can be summarized in four points : I) a summary of information and studies available at the beginning of the thesis ; II) a detailed analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of concentrations in the studied area ; III) further studies and works to better characterize the functioning of the aquifer system and pollution, in particular, in situ groundwater flow studies (multitracer) and field-laboratory studies of biodegradation of solvents and its possible stimulation by appropriate compounds ; IV) proposals for analysis and further action. This approach help us to define, for each site, a more detailed conceptual model of environmental (physical and biological) functioning and to make a first quantification of the processes that regulate the dissolved COHV becoming in space and time. Our results indicate that, in these two sites, the stimulation of the biodegradation activity of solvents, naturally occurring, could be an effective method for remediation of pollutions. This thesis demonstrates the need for a multidisciplinary approach to planning an appropriate method of treatment of such pollution
Bohy, Martine. "Caractérisation de sources de pollution composées d'un mélange de solvants chlorés en aquifère alluvial : Expérimentations en laboratoire et sur site contrôlé associées à la simulation numérique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/BOHY_Martine_2003.pdf.
Full textTwo large-scale experiments were conducted on the controlled site SCERES to study the transport of a mixture of two chlorinated solvents in the saturated and unsaturated zones of the sandy aquifer and to quantify the mass transfers across the capillary fringe and towards the atmosphere or to the groundwater. The experiments involved an injection of trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) in SCERES, under controlled conditions, with multidepth sampling of gas in the unsaturated zone and water in the capillary zone and the groundwater. The mass transfer of TCE and PCE vapors from the vadose zone to the atmosphere was quantified using a vertical flux chamber and calculated with a semi-experimental method. The multiphase multicomponent code SIMUSCOPP was used in order to simulate the vapor transport in the unsaturated zone of the artificial aquifer environment. The calculated vapor concentrations were in good agreement with those observed. The obtained results point out that vertical dispersion of chlorinated solvent vapors across the capillary fringe can cause a significant groundwater pollution in spite of the slowness of the aqueous diffusion process. The study of the partitioning tracer method for quantification and location of TCE sources in the saturated zone of the aquifer constitutes the second part of this work. As the transposition of the method from laboratory columns to the experimental site failed, we decided to realize several complementary column-tests to determine the role of the volume of pollutant, its repartition in the porous medium, the presence of heterogeneities and the influence of the contact time of the tracers with the organic phase. We could thus show a partitioning kinetics of the reactive tracer
Hmida, Dorra. "Recherche de conditions alternatives à l’utilisation de solvants chlorés en Chromatographie Liquide Non-Aqueuse à Polarité Inversée de Phases. Application à l’analyse des lipides présents dans les milieux complexes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS189/document.
Full textThe determination of triacylglycerols in vegetable oils is an important challenge in plant biology, in the medical field, and in food industry. Nowadays, non-Aqueous Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography (NARP-LC) using chlorinated solvents is commonly used for this purpose. The first objective of this work was to develop alternative analytical conditions that can avoid using chlorinated solvents. In a first step, by using C18 stationary phases, we have established the eluotropic solvent strength scale as a function of temperature of several binary mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile as weak solvent and various strong solvents including acetone, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The comparison of the results obtained under iso-eluotropic conditions for nine seed oils containing a wide range of TAG enabled us to show that the MeCN/BuOH (74/26, v/V) mixture operating at 25 °C are the best mobile phase conditions for TAG analysis, in terms of selectivity, thus avoiding the use of chlorinated solvents. In a second step, we compared the separation of TAGs on new generation of fully or partially porous stationary phase particles of small diameter. After optimizing the separating conditions, the obtained data allowed us to propose two highly efficient chromatographic systems. The first system enables the efficient separation of C18:3 and C18:2 positional isomers of C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids containing TAG. For the identification of these TAG isomers, it was necessary to combine the data obtained by GC-MS and LC -MS as well as the data obtained by the application of some chromatographic retention laws. Taken together, these results allowed us to provide a list containing a large number of TAG unknown to date. The second system allows rapid analysis of olive oil in less than 5 min. This system obeying the guidelines of the International Olive Council can be proposed as a candidate reference method for rapid quality control of olive oils
Kabeche, Tanina. "Procédé de traitement in situ des sites pollués par réduction chimique à l'aide de micro et nanoparticules de fer zérovalent." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0034/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at a better understanding of mechanisms governing the efficiency of zerovalent iron (ZVI) particles in soil and groundwater remediation. In these processes ZVI is injected in situ as micro and/or nanoparticles slurry in areas contaminated by electron acceptor pollutants. At first, we characterized industrial powders and particles synthetized with green tea in the laboratory. In order to compare the reactivity of all the particles, a batch test has been carried out with nitrate solution. Differences in pathways and kinetic reduction have been exhibited. Secondly, we combined ZVI with sodium thiosulfate to investigate hexavalent chromium degradation (soil and water matrices). The results are conclusive and were used to design a pilot on a Soléo Services site.Finally, remediation cases of sites contaminated by chlorinated solvents have been investigated. Lab experiments have been run to explain the influence of operating conditions on the treatment efficacy
Salman, Aswed Taef Ackerer Philippe. "Modélisation de la pollution de la nappe d'Alsace par solvants chlorés." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1105/01/THESE_Z-S-Aswed.pdf.
Full textGanne, Nadine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'élimination par stripping à l'air de solvants chlores contenus dans l'eau." Toulouse, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAT0002.
Full textIlly, Valeureux Destin Toukanogo. "Application de la forensique environnementale à la discrimination de sources de pollution en nappe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BOR30027.
Full textLike countries with a long industrial past, soils and groundwater in France have been heavily contaminated by polluting compounds. On industrial sites, contaminants detected in water can come from several sources making the identification necessary for the assessment of contamination and the establishment of responsibilities for the management of pollution.However, when the contaminated aquifer has a very heterogeneous geological structure, it is impossible to accurately model underground flows and contaminant transport. As a result, it will also be impossible to precisely establish the average composition of a plume of contaminants emitted from a source area from the concentration data and groundwater flows alone. To this end, multidisciplinary approaches are necessary for a better characterization of the extent, age, and origin of contamination in a heterogeneous environment. These approaches combine historical information, measurements of concentrations, stable isotope ratios of contaminants and hydrogeological data, all analyzed using mathematical modeling tools. Such approaches provide the essential elements both for the determination of the risk and for possible legal disputes relating to the contamination.On two industrial sites of the company which co-finances the present research work, very low contamination of chlorinated solvents is regularly detected on drinking and industrial water catchments downstream of the sites. On each of these sites, several past or current activities coexist in the catchment supply basin and can give rise to the same contamination. The concerned aquifers are chalky with a very heterogeneous structure including in places cracks. In addition, the precise origins of the sources of pollution are unknown. Thus, the objective of the thesis is to use the multidisciplinary methods mentioned above to determine the proportion of water coming from each of the potential sources
Ganne, Nadine. "Contribution à l'étude de l'élimination par stripping à l'air de solvants chlorés contenus dans l'eau." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613786s.
Full textDridi, Lotfi Schäfer Gerhard. "Transfert d'un mélange de solvants chlorés en aquifère poreux hétérogène expérimentations sur site contrôlé et simulations numériques /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/644/01/dridi2006.pdf.
Full textVANDEVELLE, OLIVIER. "Etude de faisabilite du traitement des eaux de nappe par les radiations ionisantes en vue de l'elimination des solvants chlores." Strasbourg 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR15068.
Full textBachir, Souley. "Oxydation hydrothermale en régime sous-critique de solvants et complexants potentiels du combustible nucléaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11006.
Full textJELLALI, SALAH. "Pollution d'aquiferes poreux par les solvants chlores : mecanismes de transport avec echanges entre phases : experimentations sur site controle avec le trichloroethylene." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13069.
Full textPiou, Alexandre. "Fluorations sélectives d'aromatiques chlores en présence des systèmes HF-base et HF-acide de Lewis." Poitiers, 2009. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2009/Piou-Alexandre/2009-Piou-Alexandre-These.pdf.
Full textThe introduction of fluorine into bio-active molecules (therapeutic or phytosanitary) can improve their properties. However, their preparation needs the development of new fluorinating agents which makes possible the control of fluorinating degree like HF/basic solvent complex or HF/Lewis acid complex. The experimental conditions for the selective fluorination of trichloromethylated molecules (trichloromethylbenzene, 4 chloro trichloromethylbenzene, 2 chloro trichloromethylbenzène) were developed. The use of HF/Lewis acid system (SbCl5) leads to the formation of the -CF3 group, starting from -CCl3 group. The use of basic solvent (dioxane, tributylphosphate or pyridine) slows down the reaction that leads to the selective formation of the mono- or difluorinated products. The characterizations by Raman spectroscopy and the NMR (19F and 1H) show interactions between HF and the heteroatoms of the different basic solvents. The quantity of fluorine into the HF/solvent complex was quantified and the fluorinating power of these complexes, prepared independently, was measured on the transformation of different trichlorométhylbenzenes. Finally, the use of HF/solvent system was extended to the fluorination of an acid-sensitive molecule (dichloromethylbenzene). Indeed, in the presence of HF, two reactions are competing: the polymerization and the fluorination of the substrate. The use of HF/dioxane with a catalyst (SbF3) inhibits the polymerization and favours the fluorination reaction
Thiébaud, Hervé. "Mise au point d'une méthodologie analytique en écotoxicologie : impact du dichlorométhane sur des microcosmes aquatiques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE18008.
Full textPortois, Clément. "Comportement de la mousse en milieu poreux pour confiner une source de pollution : potentialités, contraintes et démonstration en site réel." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30002.
Full textThe presence of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in groundwater is particularly problematic because it can contaminate them for decades. The treatment of these sites, whose pollution is often mixed and complex, requires the development of reliable techniques. Particularly in the context of a heterogeneous aquifer, conventional techniques suffer from the low potential for pollution sweeping by remedying agents. In situ foam generation is an innovative technique to control the mobility of these agents. The general approach of the thesis concerns the development of foam injection and its applicability. in the context of an industrial site in activity contaminated by chlorinated solvents. The originality of this work concerns the use of foam as a confining agent (hydraulically) of a source zone within the plant itself. The first objective of this thesis is to define the origin of pollution and the processes responsible for the transport of dissolved compounds in a multilayered and heterogeneous aquifer system. In this context, a 3-dimensional transport model has been developed and constrained based on geological data (3D structure), hydrogeological data (piezometry, groundwater velocity measurement), and chemical data (chlorinated solvent and major ions). The combination of these approaches had a real impact on the understanding of the hydrogeological dynamics of the underground system present at the study site, and allowed us to define the foam injection zone. In parallel with site characterization, experimental work in laboratory allows to define the mechanisms responsible for reducing the water-relative permeability by injecting foam. Through a multi-scale approach, we (i) define a formulation (surfactant concentrations and composition) and injection parameters (foam quality, injection rate, injection mode ) to generate a foam favorable to the reduction of water saturation (column 1D). This saturation decrease led to a reduction of the water relative permeability by a factor greater than 100. (ii) Estimate the behavior of the foam along an injection profile and its impact on the reduction saturation in water a few centimeters from an injection point (2D decimetric pilot). (iii) Verify the 3D applicability of the developed injection system and to follow the evolutions of the impact of the foam in an aquifer (test on a real piezometer). Finally, a continuous foam injection test during 96 hours at the source zone of the contaminated industrial site was carried out. Conducting a pumping test (post injection) in the center of the confined zone, coupled with contaminant fluxes measurements (pre and post injection) and implemented in a 2D model, highlighted the real impact of the injected foam over a radius greater than 2m with a reduction of the flow of pollutant downstream by a factor 4.5. The various laboratory and modeling work highlight the advances and limitations of the developed technique and make it possible to propose ways of improvement
Salman, Aswed Taef. "Modeling of the contamination in the Alsatian aquifer by chlorinated solvents." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13201.
Full textSun, Jian-Sheng. "Etats excites et relaxation de la 2-methoxy,6-chloro,9-aminoacridine : interactions d'oligonucleotides lies a la 2-methoxy,6-chloro,9-aminoacridine et d'acides nucleiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066634.
Full textMaucourt, Bruno. "Régulation in labo et in situ de l'expression de génomes de souches bactériennes méthylotrophes dégradant le dichlorométhane." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ003/document.
Full textDichloromethane (DCM; CH2Cl2) is a toxic chlorinated pollutant mainly emitted in the environment through industrial activities. Some methylotrophic bacteria that utilize reduced one carbon compounds as sole source of carbon and energy can degrade DCM. The four dcm genes found in the catabolic dcm transposon are highly conserved among DCM-degrading bacteria, including in the Proteobacterium Methylorubrum extorquens DM4. The dcmA gene encodes a DCM dehalogenase of the glutathione-S transferase family which is essential for growth with DCM. The transcriptional factor DcmR regulates the expression of dcmA and its own gene, two genes which are divergently oriented. DcmR consists of a helix-turn-helix domain for DNA fixation and of a domain, called MEDS for ‘methanogen / methylotroph, DcmR sensory’, proposed to bind a hydrocarbon ligand. The aim of my PhD was to address the following questions: i) What is the expression level of dcm transcripts and their corresponding proteins compared to other genes and proteins whose abundance is modulated in response to growth with DCM? ii) How does DcmR regulate the expression of the dcm genes? iii) How variable is dcmR and its genetic environment in situ? Global transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were followed to inventory transcripts and proteins whose abundance varied in the wild-type DM4 strain grown with DCM compared to with methanol, the reference substrate for methylotrophy. The dcm genes were among the most expressed in cultures grown with DCM, confirming their regulation in response to DCM. The identification of transcription start sites (TSS-Seq) and translation starts (N-terminome) allowed the subsequent search for regulation motifs in the promoter and 5’-untranslated terminal regions (5’UTR) of regulated genes in response to DCM utilization. The role of dcmR was studied using growth phenotypes, promoter activities in transcription fusion assays, dcm transcript and corresponding protein product quantification, comparing the wild-type strain with strains mutated only in dcmR, or also in other dcm genes. In absence of DCM, DcmR inhibited the transcription of its own gene and of dcmA. In addition to DcmR, repression requires the expression of one of the other dcm genes by a mechanism that does not involve previously predicted DcmR-binding sites (a 12 bp conserved box shared by dcmR and dcmA promoters). Mutants with impaired dcmR show slower growth with DCM, although no difference in transcript or protein abundance encoded by the dcm transposon was observed. The complete dcmR-dcmA intergenic region was shown to be required to activate dcmA expression. This suggests that regulatory sites present in the intergenic region may be involved in DcmR-independent transcription activation. Taken together, these data allowed to propose a new model of dcm gene regulation. The dcmR gene was detected and quantified in similar amounts as dcmA in DCM-contaminated environmental samples, despite the fact that bioinformatics analysis of sequence databases suggests that dcmR-like genes are not necessary associated with the catabolic dcm transposon. Thus, DcmR may play a role in other contexts. This may provide new leads for future investigations of potential ligands of the MEDS domain
Mgaidi, Arbi. "Role des chlorocomplexes et des ecarts a l'idealite sur des proprietes d'equilibre de solution de pb(ii) en milieu chlorure." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0114.
Full textMeghni, Abdelhamid. "Synthèse régio ou stéréosélective et étude structurale dans la série des α- et β-hydroxyesters fonctionnels." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES040.
Full textKhan, Mustayeen Ahmed. "Stabilite, spectres electroniques et structures des halogenocuprates en milieu protique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13059.
Full textBedioui, Fethi. "Etude électrochimique de complexes de métaux de transition (bases de Schiff et porphyrines) en solution et sous forme d'électrodes modifiées : application à la catalyse électroassistée de réactions organiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066338.
Full textFort, Yves. "Nouvelles applications des réducteurs complexes et étude de leur réactivité." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10172.
Full textFournier, St-Laurent Samuel. "Encapsulation de Dehalococcoides: avantage pour la déhalogénation des solvants chlorés en sites contaminés." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3145.
Full textTetrachloroethylene (PCE) and other chlorinated ethenes have been used for industrial purposes since the beginnning of 20th century. However, they are now considered common pollutants of soil and water. A lot of efforts are directed toward elimination of these compounds and we believe degradation of these chlorinated ethenes by microorganisms is the best solution. The first step of this project was to establish a complete conversion of PCE to its non-toxic product ethylene using an enriched consortium of Dehalococcoides ethenogenes. Our results show the importance of lactic acid as a carbon source and indirect source of electrons in a reaction known as dehalorespiration. We have been able to establish the effect of initial biomass on the biodegradation profile of PCE. The second step of the project was to obtain a working protocol for encapsulation of the consortium in a polymeric matrix. Such immobilization procedure would then allows numerous possible advantages as shown in the literature. We tested three encapsulation setups: air atomization, ultrasonic atomization and drop-wise technique. In the last setup, we successfully encapsulated the bacterial consortium into particles made of an alginate core surrounded by a chitosan layer. Thus the drop-wise technique allowed encapsulation of the consortium without negative effects on its dechlorination activity. In addition, the dechlorination profiles of encapsulated cells showed a lower accumulation of chlorinated intermediates TCE, 1,2-DCE and VC which yield a more rapid and complete conversion of PCE to ethylene. Finally, our results support the idea that encapsulated microorganisms may benefit from a protective effect when oxygen is present in the medium.