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1
Rasool, Muhammad Azam, та Ivo F. J. Vankelecom. "γ-Valerolactone as Bio-Based Solvent for Nanofiltration Membrane Preparation". Membranes 11, № 6 (2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11060418.
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γ-Valerolactone (GVL) was selected as a renewable green solvent to prepare membranes via the process of phase inversion. Water and ethanol were screened as sustainable non-solvents to prepare membranes for nanofiltration (NF). Scanning electron microscopy was applied to check the membrane morphology, while aqueous rose Bengal (RB) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) feed solutions were used to screen performance. Cellulose acetate (CA), polyimide (PI), cellulose triacetate (CTA), polyethersulfone (PES) and polysulfone (PSU) membranes were fine-tuned as materials for preparation of NF-membranes, either by selecting a suitable non-solvent for phase inversion or by increasing the polymer concentration in the casting solution. The best membranes were prepared with CTA in GVL using water as non-solvent: with increasing CTA concentration (10 wt% to 17.5 wt%) in the casting solution, permeance decreased from 15.9 to 5.5 L/m2·h·bar while RB rejection remained higher than 94%. The polymer solubilities in GVL were rationalized using Hansen solubility parameters, while membrane performances and morphologies were linked to viscosity measurements and cloudpoint determination of the casting solutions to better understand the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the phase inversion process.
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Xue, Jing, Jing Wang, Haofei Huang, Ming Wang, Yali Zhang, and Lijuan Zhang. "Feasibility of Processing Hot-Melt Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive (HMPSA) with Solvent in the Lab." Processes 9, no. 9 (2021): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091608.
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Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesive (HMPSA) is an environmentally benign adhesive which is typically processed without solvent in industries. However, casting solution method is commonly used for experimental purposes in the lab for convenience. Therefore, seven types of solvent with different polarities, including toluene as the most commonly used solvent, were investigated in this work to study the feasibilities. Quick bond strength and holding power were tested with different types of solvents and different adhesive weight percent in the prepared solutions. Through viscosity measurement, thermal analysis, and compositional analysis, the correlation between the chosen solvents and adhesive performance was further explored. It was found that the differences in the obtained bond strength of HMPSA treated with a variety of solvents were due to physical reasons instead of chemical reactions, and a solvent with similar polarity to toluene (e.g., tetrachloride, octane) should be considered as an option because a similar polymer chain relaxation could be maintained as the original HMPSA without solvent treatment. In this study, the mechanism of choosing toluene as common solvent for HMPSA testing was analyzed, and the feasibility of optional solvents was discussed.
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Pletnev, Pеter, and Yury Nepochatov. "Film casting technology for aluminium oxide ceramic substrates." E3S Web of Conferences 460 (2023): 10032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346010032.
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The paper presents the technology of aluminum oxide ceramic substrates formation by film casting using "KEKO" line (Slovenia). Components of binder (dispersion phase) including polymeric bonding agent, plasticizer, dispersant, solvent are presented. The following binder components were used: polymeric binder - polyvinyl butyral, plasticizer - dibutyl phthalate, dispersant - fish oil and solvent - mixture of toluene and ethanol. The preparation regimes for the slurry, casting and lamination of the ceramic strip are given. According to the thermal analysis (DSC and TG) of raw corundum substrate the main mass of the removed binder occurs in the temperature range 240-450oC, the observed exo-effects in this temperature range are caused by successive processes of decomposition and removal of binder components. Based on the results of thermal analysis the regime of organic component removal from the "raw blanks-substrates" which provides for heating to a temperature of 500oC with a given rate of heating and cooling is determined. The technology of film-casting provides obtaining raw billet-substrate with a given density and the necessary technological strength. We experimentally set the firing mode of corundum substrates in vacuum (0.1-1.0 Pa) at a speed of temperature 100оС/h to 1450оС with an exposure time of 2 hours, then at a speed of 60оС/h to a maximum temperature of 1620-1660оС with an exposure time of 4 hours. The substrates were cooled at a rate of 100oC/h. The structure of the annealed substrates is represented by corundum crystals with sizes predominantly not more than 10 microns, intergrain porosity not more than 0.5%. Sintered products have high density and minimum number of defects.
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Gashi, S. T., T. Selimi, B. S. Thaçi, and A. Dylhasi. "Study of the optimization factors for preparation of heterogeneous reverse osmosis membranes." Water Supply 11, no. 6 (2011): 647–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.056.
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The influence of the preparation factors such as casting solution composition, different methods of coal modification, evaporation time of solvent and their optimization on performance of cellulose acetate heterogeneous reverse osmosis membranes have been studied. Three types of membranes were made from a blend of cellulose acetate (CA) and coal by weight ratios 1:1.5, 1:1.75 and 1:2. The powdered coal was modified with nitric acid and aryl diazonium salts in acetonitrile medium at constant modification time. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion process from a casting solution of cellulose acetate-coal and magnesium perchlorate in acetone water mixture at varying evaporation time of solvent at constant temperature using the same gelation medium. The composition of raw and modified coals was examined by IR spectroscopy. Membranes obtained with a casting solution composition of cellulose acetate-coal in weight ratios of 1:1.5 and 1:1.75, modified coals and longer evaporation time of solvent showed the best performance.
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Yushkin, Alexey, Alexey Balynin, Mikhail Efimov, Konstantin Pochivalov, Inna Petrova, and Alexey Volkov. "Fabrication of Polyacrylonitrile UF Membranes by VIPS Method with Acetone as Co-Solvent." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050523.
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For the first time, a systematic study was carried out of the replacement of the low-volatility solvents N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) with the high-volatility solvent acetone in the casting solution of polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The effect of acetone’s presence in the casting solution on the performance of ultrafiltration membranes fabricated via vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) was investigated. It was possible to replace 40% of NMP and 50% of DMSO with acetone, which resulted in the reduction of the casting solution viscosity from 70.6 down to 41.3 Pa∙s (20% PAN, NMP), and from 68.3 down to 20.6 Pa∙s (20% PAN, DMSO). It was found that 20 min of exposure to water vapor (relative humidity—85%) was sufficient to govern the phase separation, which was mainly induced by the water vapor. Regardless of the casting solution composition (15 or 20% PAN; DMSO or NMP), all membranes formed via VIPS possessed a sponge-like porous structure. The addition of acetone to the casting solution allowed the reduction of the transport pore size from 35–48 down to 8.5–25.6, depending on the casting solution composition. By varying the acetone content at constant polymer concentration, it was possible to decrease the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) from 69 to 10 kg/mol. Membranes prepared from 20% PAN solution in an acetone/DMSO mixture had the lowest MWCO of 10 kg/mol with a water permeance of 5.1 L/(m2·h·bar).
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Ma, Zhi Jun, Yuan Li, Jin Huo, and Bing Chuan Li. "Development of Lignite Wax Production Technology." Advanced Materials Research 826 (November 2013): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.826.167.
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Lignite wax, an important chemical material, has good physical and chemical properties and is widely used in precision casting, wire and cable and other fields. This article briefly introduces the international and domestic markets of the lignite wax,and proposes the development direction of lignite wax production. Provide the basis for the production process through summary basic research data, and look for efficient solvent to improve yield and quality, and develop integrated production to realize comprehensive utilization of resources.
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Basha, Dudekula Chand. "A Brief Chronological Overview of Buccal Film Formulations." Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 11, no. 04 (2022): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202241.
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The bioadhesive buccal film drug delivery technology that increases the safety, effectiveness, and stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients is the main focus of the current article. The buccal film is cutting-edge technology since it offers a better way to maximise treatment effectiveness. The medications that are used to increase bioavailability and have a high first-pass metabolism are ideal for this drug delivery strategy. Rolling, hot-melt extrusion, solid dispersion, solvent casting, or semi-solid casting can all be used to make Bioadhesive Buccal Films (BBF). The solvent casting method is the most popular of them. Organoleptic valuation, thickness, transparency, surface pH, moisture content, tensile strength, per cent elongation, folding endurance, swelling assets, drug content, and in vitro dissolution tests are a few of the mechanical assets that are assessed for the BBF. A small amount of material on earlier work on BBF has been provided in the article. This article will be useful for quick references to prior BBF attempts and guidance on how to assess them.
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Cigane, Urte, Arvydas Palevicius, and Giedrius Janusas. "A Free-Standing Chitosan Membrane Prepared by the Vibration-Assisted Solvent Casting Method." Micromachines 14, no. 7 (2023): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14071419.
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Much attention has been paid to the surface modification of artificial skin barriers for the treatment of skin tissue damage. Chitosan is one of the natural materials that could be characterized by its biocompatibility. A number of methods for the preparation of chitosan membranes have been described in scientific articles, including solvent casting methods. This study investigates an improved technology to produce chitosan membranes. Thus, chitosan membranes were prepared using a vibration-assisted solvent casting method. First, aqueous acetic acid was used to pretreat chitosan. Then, free-standing chitosan membranes were prepared by solvent casting on nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane templates, allowing for the solvent to evaporate. Using finite element methods, a study was obtained showing the influence of chitosan solutions of different concentrations on the fluid flow into nanopores using high-frequency excitation. The height of the nanopillars and the surface area of the chitosan membrane were also evaluated. In this study, the surface area of the chitosan membrane was found to increase by 15, 10 and 6 times compared to the original flat surface area. The newly produced nanopillared chitosan membranes will be applicable in the fabrication of skin barriers due to the longer nanopillars on their surface and the larger surface area.
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Dedvukaj, Angela, Peter Van den Mooter, and Ivo F. J. Vankelecom. "Solvent-Resistant UV-Cured Polysulfone Support Membranes Using a Green Solvent." Membranes 12, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12010001.
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Solvent-resistant UV-cured supports consisting of a semi-interpenetrating network of polysulfone (PSf) and cross-linked poly-acrylate were successfully synthesized for the first time using an alternative, non-reprotoxic, and biodegradable solvent. Tamisolve® NxG is a high-boiling, dipolar aprotic solvent with solubility parameters similar to those of dimethylformamide (DMF) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), making it an eco-friendly alternative. The support membranes, prepared via UV-curing followed by non-solvent-induced phase inversion, can serve as a universal solvent-resistant support for the synthesis of a broad set of membranes, for which the selective layer can be deposited from any solvent. Parameters such as UV irradiation time and intensity, as well as the concentrations of PSf, penta-acrylate, and photo-initiator in the casting solution were varied to obtain such supports. The characteristics of the resulting supports were investigated in terms of separation performance, hydrophobicity, porosity, degree of acrylate conversion, and pure water flux. The resulting membranes showed improved chemical resistance in solvents such as ethyl acetate, NMP, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and toluene. Solvent-resistant supports with different pore sizes were synthesized and used for the preparation of thin film composite (TFC) membranes to demonstrate their potential. Promising separation performances with Rose Bengal (RB) rejections up to 98% and water permeances up to 1.5 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 were reached with these TFC-membranes carrying a polyamide top layer synthesized via interfacial polymerization.
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Singh, S., A. Mittal, N. Gupta, N. Chauhan, and S. Alam. "Development and Evaluation of an Aqueous Polymeric Dispersion of Eudragit L 100-55 Using Emulsification Technology." International Journal of Nano Studies & Technology 2, no. 5 (2013): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.19070/2167-8685-130007.
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Aqueous polymer dispersions (APD) are preferred on environmental and safety grounds. APD offer several advantages over polymers dissolved in organic solvents including lower spraying viscosities, higher solids loading, higher spray rates, no solvent environmental, toxicity, or flammability issues, and reduced energy requirements. The purpose of this work is to prepare and characterize an aqueous-based pseudolatex dispersion of Eudragit L100-55 using emulsification technology with superior stability. The prepared APD is evaluated on the basis of organoleptic, physical, chemical and in-vitro drug release performance. APD film is prepared by casting method and evaluated. Coating is done over Diclofenac sodium tablet and In vitro drug release profile of APD coated tablet and organic coated tablet is studied and shows better release in case of APD as compared to market formulation and organic coating.
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Xun, Shidi, Shankar Aryal, Crystal Waters, and Tejas Upasani. "(Invited) Advanced Fluoropolymer Binder for Solvent-Free Manufacturing of Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 6 (2023): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-026903mtgabs.
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With rising demand of lithium-ion batteries for consumer electronics and electric vehicles, battery manufacturers are eager to increase energy density, reduce cost of manufacturing and minimize environmental footprints. Solvent-free electrode manufacturing technology has advantages over conventional wet electrode casting methods. It can save the cost of solvent, reduce energy consumption associated with drying off the solvent and eliminate capital investment for solvent recovery facilities. It also can reduce the environmental impact and mitigate health concerns of organic solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, used in wet slurry process. In addition, the solvent-free process enables manufacturing of high-quality thick electrodes; This is challenging for wet slurry process due to the sedimentation of particles and redistribution of binders during drying. Teflon™ PTFE fluoropolymer is the top binder candidate for a solvent-free electrode process due to its strong fibrillation property. The fibrils provide the binding force necessary to maintain the structural integrity of electrodes and make it feasible to scale up a roll-to-roll production process. Chemours is a global market leader in advanced fluoropolymers with strong capabilities in molecular design, synthesis, scale-up and manufacture; This ensures the delivery of the high-quality products to meet customer needs. In this presentation, we will give an overview of Chemours advanced fluoropolymer products for solvent-free manufacturing of anode and cathode electrodes. By tailoring the physical and chemical properties of fluoropolymers, electrode processibility and battery performance can be significantly improved.
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Swati, Saxena, Patel Abhishek, and Kumar Jain Sarang. "Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving film of antihypertensive agentFormulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving film of antihypertensive agent." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (2022): 1107–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7790668.
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Mouth dissolving film is the one of the most advanced oral solid dosage form because of its flexibility and comfort in use. Mouth dissolving films are oral solid dosage form that disintegrate and dissolve within a minute when placed in mouth without taking water or chewing. This dosage form allows the medication to bypass the first pass metabolism so bioavailability of medication may be improved .Mouth dissolving film has potential to improve onset of action lower the dosing and eliminate the fear of chocking. Formulation of mouth dissolving films involves both the visual and performance characteristics as plasticized hydrocolloids, API taste masking agents are being laminated by solvent casting and semisolid casting method. Solvent casting method being the most preferred method over other methods because it offers great uniformity of thickness and films prepared having fine glossy look and better physical properties. Mouth dissolving films are evaluated for its various parameters like thickness, physical property like folding endurance, disintegration and dissolution time. This review gives an idea about formulation techniques, evaluation parameters, overview on packaging and some available marketed products of mouth dissolving films.
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Paula, Marcos Vinícius da Silva, and Severino Alves Junior. "Effects of gamma radiation in therapeutic dose on the chemical characteristics of a polycaprolactone/ZnO nanocomposite." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 12 (2021): e456101220528. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20528.
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In this investigation, the influence of gamma radiation in a therapeutic dose, such as the dose generally administered (on average) in two cycles of radiotherapy treatment, was evaluated for the chemical characteristics of nanocomposite films formed by polycaprolactone (PCL) with oxide nanoparticles of ZnO (ZnO NPs). The PCL nanocomposite films with ZnO NPs (PCL/ZnO NCs) were obtained via solvent casting method, using chloroform as solvent, with ZnO NPs mass contents in relation to polymer masses equal to: 02%; 0.4%; 0.6%; 0.8% and 1.0%. After this step, the films obtained were exposed to gamma radiation in a dose of 140 Gy in the presence of air and at room temperature. The influence of gamma radiation in a therapeutic dose on the chemical characteristics of nanocomposite films obtained through the solvent casting method, was accessed through absorption spectroscopy in the infrared region. Our results indicate that the chemical structure of PCL is preserved after exposure to gamma radiation at 140 Gy.
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Grottkau, Brian E., Zhixin Hui, Yang Yao, and Yonggang Pang. "Rapid Fabrication of Anatomically-Shaped Bone Scaffolds Using Indirect 3D Printing and Perfusion Techniques." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010315.
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Fused deposit modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology cannot generate scaffolds with high porosity while maintaining good integrity, anatomical-surface detail, or high surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V). Solvent casting and particulate leaching (SCPL) technique generates scaffolds with high porosity and high S/V. However, it is challenging to generate complex-shaped scaffolds; and solvent, particle and residual water removal are time consuming. Here we report techniques surmounting these problems, successfully generating a highly porous scaffold with the anatomical-shape characteristics of a human femur by polylactic acid polymer (PLA) and PLA-hydroxyapatite (HA) casting and salt leaching. The mold is water soluble and is easily removable. By perfusing with ethanol, water, and dry air sequentially, the solvent, salt, and residual water were removed 20 fold faster than utilizing conventional methods. The porosities are uniform throughout the femoral shaped scaffold generated with PLA or PLA-HA. Both scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility with the pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) fully attaching to the scaffold within 8 h. The cells demonstrated high viability and proliferation throughout the entire time course. The HA-incorporated scaffolds demonstrated significantly higher compressive strength, modulus and osteoinductivity as evidenced by higher levels of alkaline-phosphatase activity and calcium deposition. When 3D printing a 3D model at 95% porosity or above, our technology preserves integrity and surface detail when compared with FDM-generated scaffolds. Our technology can also generate scaffolds with a 31 fold larger S/V than FDM. We have developed a technology that is a versatile tool in creating personalized, patient-specific bone graft scaffolds efficiently with high porosity, good scaffold integrity, high anatomical-shaped surface detail and large S/V.
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S, Tapade S., Priyanka P. Dappadwad, Priti M. Mane, et al. "Formulation Development and Cevaluation of Mucoadhesive Patch for Diabetes Using Plant Based Polysaccharide." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 1784–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.56312.
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Abstract: Using plant-based polysaccharides, this study created a mucoadhesive patch for diabetes with the goal of delivering regulated medication release and improved therapeutic efficacy through sustained contact with the buccal mucosa. The patches' physicochemical characteristics, drug release kinetics, and mucoadhesive strength were examined after they had been made using the solvent casting procedure. . The created patch had exceptional mechanical, flexible, and physical qualities, as well as prolonged drug release and minimized burst release. Through in vitro cytotoxicity tests, the patch's biocompatibility was verified, demonstrating its suitability for buccal administration.the buccal region offcers and attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The patches were prepared by solvent casting method the design of patches were evaluated for thickness, uniformity ,folding ,endurance ,weight uniformity ,swelling behavior,determination of mucoadhesive time. . To confirm the effectiveness and safety of this unique medication delivery method, additional in vivo research and clinical trials are required. If successful, these studies could pave the way for more individualized and efficient diabetic treatment options.
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Gan, Yong X., and Jeremy B. Gan. "Advances in Manufacturing Composite Carbon Nanofiber-Based Aerogels." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020073.
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This article provides an overview on manufacturing composite carbon nanofiber-based aerogels through freeze casting technology. As known, freeze casting is a relatively new manufacturing technique for generating highly porous structures. During the process, deep cooling is used first to rapidly solidify a well-dispersed slurry. Then, vacuum drying is conducted to sublimate the solvent. This allows the creation of highly porous materials. Although the freeze casting technique was initially developed for porous ceramics processing, it has found various applications, especially for making aerogels. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely high volume of free spaces, which contributes to the characteristics of high porosity, ultralight, large specific surface area, huge interface area, and in addition, super low thermal conductivity. Recently, carbon nanofiber aerogels have been studied to achieve exceptional properties of high stiffness, flame-retardant and thermal-insulating. The freeze casting technology has been reported for preparing carbon nanofiber composite aerogels for energy storage, energy conversion, water purification, catalysis, fire prevention etc. This review deals with freeze casting carbon nanofiber composite materials consisting of functional nanoparticles with exceptional properties. The content of this review article is organized as follows. The first part will introduce the general freeze casting manufacturing technology of aerogels with the emphasis on how to use the technology to make nanoparticle-containing composite carbon nanofiber aerogels. Then, modeling and characterization of the freeze cast particle-containing carbon nanofibers will be presented with an emphasis on modeling the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the carbon nanofiber network aerogels. After that, the applications of the carbon nanofiber aerogels will be described. Examples of energy converters, supercapacitors, secondary battery electrodes, dye absorbents, sensors, and catalysts made from composite carbon nanofiber aerogels will be shown. Finally, the perspectives to future work will be presented.
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Wang, Qi, Fengna Dai, Shangying Zhang, Chunhai Chen, and Youhai Yu. "Fabrication of ultrafiltration membranes by poly (aryl ether nitrile) with poly (ethylene glycol) as additives." Water Science and Technology 82, no. 12 (2020): 2847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.529.
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Abstract A new kind of flat sheet ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by a promising membrane material, poly (aryl ether nitrile) (PEN), via non-solvent induced phase separation. The effect of solvents, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), as well as additive of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights on the structure and permeation performance of synthesized membranes were investigated. Comparing with NMP, DMAc is more suitable for the casting solution preparation due to better solubility. A gradually changing pore from sponge-like to finger-like can be observed when PEG was added with DMAc as solvent, while a finger-like pore structure always appears in the NMP system with or without PEG. In both systems, the formation of macrovoids is effectively promoted by the addition of PEG, and higher porosity membranes can be obtained by PEG with higher molecular weight. With the increase of PEG molecular weight from 400 to 10,000 Da, the permeate flux increases from 74.5 to 114.3 L·m−2·h−1 and from 102.0 to 130.8 L·m−2·h−1 under a 100 kPa pressure-driven when NMP and DMAc were used as solvents, respectively. The membranes prepared by DMAc exhibit outstanding rejection of BSA with rejections all above 96.5%.
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Waris, Zainab, Nikita O. Akhmetov, Mariam A. Pogosova, Svetlana A. Lipovskikh, Sergey V. Ryazantsev, and Keith J. Stevenson. "A Complex Investigation of LATP Ceramic Stability and LATP+PVDF Composite Membrane Performance: The Effect of Solvent in Tape-Casting Fabrication." Membranes 13, no. 2 (2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13020155.
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Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a prospective energy storage platform to mitigate the discrepancy between barely adjustable energy production and fluctuating demand. The energy density and affordability of RFBs can be improved significantly through the transition from aqueous systems to non-aqueous (NAq) due to their wider electrochemical stability window and better solubility of active species. However, the NAqRFBs suffer from a lack of effective membranes with high ionic conductivity (IC), selectivity (low permeability), and stability. Here, we for the first time thoroughly analyse the impact of tape-casting solvents (dimethylformamide—DMF; dimethylsulfoxide—DMSO; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone—NMP) on the properties of the composite Li-conductive membrane (Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 filler within poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder—LATP+PVDF). We show that the prolonged exposure of LATP to the studied solvents causes slight morphological, elemental, and intrastructural changes, dropping ceramic’s IC from 3.1 to 1.6–1.9 ∙ 10−4 S cm−1. Depending on the solvent, the final composite membranes exhibit IC of 1.1–1.7 ∙ 10−4 S cm−1 (comparable with solvent-treated ceramics) along with correlating permeability coefficients of 2.7–3.1 ∙ 10−7 cm2 min−1. We expect this study to complement the understanding of how the processes underlying the membrane fabrication impact its functional features and to stimulate further in-depth research of NAqRFB membranes.
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Lambrecht, Jens, and Markus Winterer. "New Silicone-Resin-Compounds for Casting and Molding Applications." Key Engineering Materials 809 (June 2019): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.809.15.
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Silicone resins are manufactured and supply in various delivery forms since decades. The impregnation of large electrical machines demonstrates a main application in the field of electrical insulation technology at the moment. Silicone resins are characterized by outstanding resistance to heat stress at high temperatures in general. Experience has shown that they are also very stable against exposure to UV radiation. Based on the expected very good property profile, Wacker Chemie AG developed a solvent-free, low-viscosity silicone resin for use as a binder for castable and moldable products. The article presents the chemical composition of silicone resins, the resulting properties of the resin and selected results of the extensive work for the evaluation of possible fillers and filler mixtures as well as first experience with the processing.
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Almuhtaseb, Roba, Ahmed Awadallah-F, Shaheen Al-Muhtaseb, and Majeda Khraisheh. "Influence of Casting Solvents on CO2/CH4 Separation Using Polysulfone Membranes." Membranes 11, no. 4 (2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11040286.
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Polysulfone membranes exhibit resistance to high temperature with low manufacturing cost and high efficiency in the separation process. The composition of gases is an important step that estimates the efficiency of separation in membranes. As membrane types are currently becoming in demand for CO2/CH4 segregation, polysulfone will be an advantageous alternative to have in further studies. Therefore, research is undertaken in this study to evaluate two solvents: chloroform (CF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). These solvents are tested for casting polymeric membranes from polysulfone (PSF) to separate every single component from a binary gas mixture of CO2/CH4. In addition, the effect of gas pressure was conducted from 1 to 10 bar on the behavior of the permeability and selectivity. The results refer to the fact that the maximum permeability of CO2 and CH4 for THF is 62.32 and 2.06 barrer at 1 and 2 bars, respectively. Further, the maximum permeability of CF is 57.59 and 2.12 barrer at 1 and 2 bars, respectively. The outcome selectivity values are 48 and 36 for THF and CF at 1 bar, accordingly. Furthermore, the study declares that with the increase in pressure, the permeability and selectivity values drop for CF and THF. The performance for polysulfone (PSF) membrane that is manufactured with THF is superior to that of CF relative to the Robeson upper bound. Therefore, through the results, it can be deduced that the solvent during in-situ synthesis has a significant influence on the gas separation of a binary mixture of CO2/CH4.
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Varfolomeev, M. S., and I. A. Petrov. "Consumable additive FDM models in the production of aluminum alloy castings." Izvestiya. Non-Ferrous Metallurgy, no. 4 (August 21, 2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2023-4-5-14.
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This article describes the results of a study aimed at improving production technology of experimental castings from aluminum alloys by investment casting using models produced by 3D printing. The consumable models were produced using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Biodegradable polylactide (PLA) was used as a material for the models. In order to decrease the surface roughness of consumable PLA model. chemical post-treatment by dichloromethane needs to be performed. After immersion of the model into the solvent for 10s, its surface becomes smooth and glossy. Three-point static bending tests of PLA plates demonstrated a mechanical strength of average ~45.1 MPa. A thermomechanical analysis of polylactide demonstrated that in the course of heating of ceramic shell in excess of 150 °C, the polylactide model begins to expand intensively by exerting significant pressure on the ceramic shell. In order to decrease stress during the removal of polylactide model from ceramic mold, the heating time in the range of 150–300 °C needs to be heated to a maximum. The use of hollow consumable casting models with a cellular structure not higher than 30 % is also sensible. The stresses on the shell will not exceed its strength. Characteristic temperature properties of PLA plastic thermal destruction were detected using thermogravimetric analysis. Polylactide was established to completely burn out upon heating to 500 °C leaving no ash residue. Analysis of the results identified the burning modes of polylactide models from ceramic molds. Using a Picaso 3D Designer printer (Russia), the PLA models were printed used for production of experimental castings from aluminum alloys. It was revealed that the surface roughness (Ra) of a casting produced using a consumable model treated by dichloromethane decreases by 81.75 %: from 13.7 to 2.5 μm.
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Kang, Seongsu, Ji Eun Song, Seung-Hyun Jun, Sun-Gyoo Park, and Nae-Gyu Kang. "Sugar-Triggered Burst Drug Releasing Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Microneedles and Its Fabrication Based on Solvent-Casting Approach." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 9 (2022): 1758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091758.
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Microneedles have emerged as a novel transdermal delivery tool that enables the delivery of various products such as drugs, vaccines, or cosmetic ingredients. Although the demand for solid microneedles composed of biocompatible polymer is increasing, the manufacture of microneedles using poly-lactic acid (PLA) with rapid drug-releasing is yet to be established and the process is still in its infancy. Here, we propose a novel strategy for the fabrication of PLA solid microneedles which enable a drug to be burst-released based on a solvent-casting process. This approach offers extreme simplicity, broad geometric capability, cost-effectiveness, and scalability based on high fidelity-replicas. It was verified that microneedles of various heights (250–500 μm) could be fabricated with appropriate mechanical strength to penetrate the stratum corneum layer of skin. By adding sugar in the composition of PLA microneedle, it was observed that both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be rapidly released within 30 min. Our burst drug-releasing PLA microneedle having both characteristics of solid microneedle and soluble microneedle and its fabrication approach based on solvent-casting will contribute to getting microneedle technology close to commercialization and beyond existing technical limitations.
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Wiegmann, Eike, Laura Helmers, Peter Michalowski, and Arno Kwade. "Highly scalable and solvent-free fabrication of a solid polymer electrolyte separator via film casting technology." Advances in Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering 3 (November 2021): 100065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aime.2021.100065.
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KEKULE AUGUSTINE. "Fabricating and analyzing liquid and polymer electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 26, no. 1 (2025): 1148–88. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2025.26.1.1046.
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The abundance and the cost-effectiveness of sodium resources have made sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) viable alternatives to lithium-ion batteries. Developing low-cost and high-performance electrolytes is one of the key areas for the advancement of SIB technology. The highly conductive liquid or solid electrolytes have the potential for practical sodium-ion battery applications. Long-term stability, alternative polymers, and full-cell integrations are other avenues that need further research to improve scalability and performance for SIBs. This research covers preparing and evaluating liquid and polymer electrolytes, with a focus on ionic conductivities. Liquid electrolytes were prepared by the dissolution of different sodium salts including NaCl, Na2S, Na2SO3, and NaF in methanol, water, DMF (dimethyl formamide), n-propanol, and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) solvents, in a concentration range from 0.01 M to 0.1 M. It is aimed to investigate the impacts of the solubility, polarity, and concentration on the ionic conductivities. Polymer electrolytes were prepared using the solvent casting technique. The films contained NaCl as the salt and PEO (polyethylene oxide) as the polymer host. The impacts of the two solvents, methanol and DMF, with and without plasticizer EC (ethylene carbonate) on the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolytes were analyzed. The study validates that optimizing solvent and additive selection are paramount in developing high-performance electrolytes for SIBs.
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Kato, Kazuaki, Masanobu Naito, Kohzo Ito, Atsushi Takahara, and Ken Kojio. "Freestanding Tough Glassy Membranes Produced by Simple Solvent Casting of Polyrotaxane Derivatives." ACS Applied Polymer Materials 3, no. 8 (2021): 4177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c00622.
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Muralidhar, Suripeddi, Ramya K, and T. V. Narayana. "Oral Dissolving Films: A Review." International Journal of Research and Review 10, no. 9 (2023): 450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230946.
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Oral dissolving films (ODFs) are thin, flexible, and fast-dissolving sheets that can deliver active substances to the oral cavity. They offer several advantages over conventional oral dosage forms, such as ease of swallowing, precise dosing, improved patient compliance, and rapid onset of action. ODFs can be used for various therapeutic applications, such as anti-ulcer, anti-asthmatic, antihistamine, and analgesic drugs. This review article presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in ODF formulation, manufacturing techniques, and their diverse applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biomedical fields. The formulation of ODFs involves the selection of suitable polymers, plasticizers, surfactants, flavours, and sweeteners. The polymers are the main component that determines the mechanical properties, disintegration time, and drug release profile of the films. The plasticizers are added to improve the flexibility and elasticity of the films. The surfactants are used to enhance the solubility and permeability of the drugs. The flavours and sweeteners are used to mask the unpleasant taste of the drugs and improve the palatability of the films. The production methods of ODFs include solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, and roll casting. These methods differ in terms of the equipment, process parameters, and film quality. Each technique's advantages, limitations, and potential for scalability are outlined, providing insight into the critical factors influencing ODF development. In summary, this review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in ODF technology, encompassing formulation optimization, manufacturing advancements, and innovative applications. As the field of oral dissolving films continues to evolve, this article offers valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and pharmaceutical industry stakeholders seeking to harness the full potential of this versatile drug delivery platform. Keywords: Oral dissolving films, Plasticizer, Solvent casting method, Hot melt extrusion, Roll casting
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Kulak, Harun, Raymond Thür, and Ivo F. J. Vankelecom. "MOF/Polymer Mixed-Matrix Membranes Preparation: Effect of Main Synthesis Parameters on CO2/CH4 Separation Performance." Membranes 12, no. 4 (2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040425.
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Design and preparation of mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with minimum defects and high performance for desired gas separations is still challenging as it depends on a variety of MMM synthesis parameters. In this study, 6FDA-DAM:DABA based MMMs using MOF-808 as filler were prepared to examine the impact of multiple variables on the preparation process of MMMs, including variation in polymer concentration, filler loading, volume of solution cast per membrane area, solvent type used and solvent evaporation rate, and to identify their impact on the CO2/CH4 separation performance of these membranes. Solvent evaporation rate proved to be the most critical synthesis parameter, directly influencing the performance and visual appearance of the membranes. Although less dominantly influencing the MMM performance, polymer concentration and solution volume also had an important role via control over the casting solution viscosity, particle agglomeration, and particle settling rate. Among all solvents studied, MMMs prepared with chloroform led to the best performance for this polymer-filler system. Chloroform-based MMMs containing 10 and 30 wt.% MOF-808 showed 73% and 62% increase in CO2 permeability, respectively, without a decrease in separation factor compared to unfilled membranes. The results indicate that enhanced gas separation performance of MMMs strongly depends on the cumulative effect of various synthesis parameters rather than individual impact, thus requiring a system-specific design and optimization.
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Allijn, Iris, Nikola du Preez, Małgorzata Tasior, Ruchi Bansal, and Dimitrios Stamatialis. "One-Step Fabrication of Porous Membrane-Based Scaffolds by Air-Water Interfacial Phase Separation: Opportunities for Engineered Tissues." Membranes 12, no. 5 (2022): 453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12050453.
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Common methods for fabricating membrane-based scaffolds for tissue engineering with (hydrophobic) polymers include thermal or liquid-phase inversion, sintering, particle leaching, electrospinning and stereolithography. However, these methods have limitations, such as low resolution and pore interconnectivity and may often require the application of high temperatures and/or toxic porogens, additives or solvents. In this work, we aim to overcome some of these limitations and propose a one-step method to produce large porous membrane-based scaffolds formed by air-water interfacial phase separation using water as a pore-forming agent and casting substrate. Here, we provide proof of concept using poly (trimethylene carbonate), a flexible and biocompatible hydrophobic polymer. Membrane-based scaffolds were prepared by dropwise addition of the polymer solution to water. Upon contact, rapid solvent–non-solvent phase separation took place on the air-water interface, after which the scaffold was cured by UV irradiation. We can tune and control the morphology of these scaffolds, including pore size and porosity, by changing various parameters, including polymer concentration, solvent type and temperature. Importantly, human hepatic stellate cells cultured on these membrane-based scaffolds remained viable and showed no signs of pro-inflammatory stress. These results indicate that the proposed air-water interfacial phase separation represents a versatile method for creating porous membrane-based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
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Ahmed Al-dujaili, Mohammed A., Imad Ali Al-hydary, and Montaha Abdalhussien. "Preparation and Optimization Green Gel Casting Technique for Manufacturing Near-Net-Shape Ceramics Using Genetic Algorithm." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 877, no. 1 (2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012035.
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Abstract Gel casting technique is a promising technology that has ability to produce near-net shape ceramics via using toxic and non-ecofriendly agents. The current work aim to develop green gel casting technique using water as a solvent, agar as a gelling agent, and the microwave thermal treatment instead of cross linker. 8mo l% Yttria stabilized zirconia was selected as a case study to produce near-net shape ceramics. The experimental work involved the preparation of Yttria stabilized zirconia nanoparticles via chemical precipitation method. The effect study of agar ratio, Yttria stabilized zirconia solid loading percent on the physical, mechanical, surface properties of the prepared ceramics and selecting of suitable casting conditions. The study has been found that the microwave thermal treatment develops thermally activated cross linking in the agar aqueous solution leading to higher glass transition temperature for agar. The green combination (agar aqueous solution and microwave treatment) can be used as alternative to (monomer, solvent, cross linker) Companion. Also, using the ultrasonic treatment can effectively eliminate needs for dispersants, also the vacuum de-airing treatment. Yttria stabilized zirconia ceramic with high dimensional accuracy, low surface roughness (Ra=2. 81 nm) can be obtained using an agar ratio of (0.4%) and solid loading of (65%). The sample can be moulded with complex shape and the green gel, also the pre-sintered body is machineable. The sintered samples have a porosity of (31%) and compressive strength of (234MPa). Regression analysis and genetic algorithm are showed that the obtained microhardness, compressive strength, and surface roughness are predictable.
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Shaqour, Bahaa, Inés Reigada, Żaneta Górecka, et al. "3D-Printed Drug Delivery Systems: The Effects of Drug Incorporation Methods on Their Release and Antibacterial Efficiency." Materials 13, no. 15 (2020): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153364.
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Additive manufacturing technologies have been widely used in the medical field. More specifically, fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D-printing technology has been thoroughly investigated to produce drug delivery systems. Recently, few researchers have explored the possibility of directly 3D printing such systems without the need for producing a filament which is usually the feedstock material for the printer. This was possible via direct feeding of a mixture consisting of the carrier polymer and the required drug. However, as this direct feeding approach shows limited homogenizing abilities, it is vital to investigate the effect of the pre-mixing step on the quality of the 3D printed products. Our study investigates the two commonly used mixing approaches—solvent casting and powder mixing. For this purpose, polycaprolactone (PCL) was used as the main polymer under investigation and gentamicin sulfate (GS) was selected as a reference. The produced systems’ efficacy was investigated for bacterial and biofilm prevention. Our data show that the solvent casting approach offers improved drug distribution within the polymeric matrix, as was observed from micro-computed topography and scanning electron microscopy visualization. Moreover, this approach shows a higher drug release rate and thus improved antibacterial efficacy. However, there were no differences among the tested approaches in terms of thermal and mechanical properties.
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Yang, Mei, Li Ya Hou, and Wei Yi Zhang. "New Method Used to Prepare Paraffin Spheres Based on Digitalization of Microfluids Technology." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 1075–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.1075.
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In tissue engineering, paraffin spheres are often used as porogen in solvent casting/particulate leaching technology to prepare scaffold. Shape, size of paraffin spheres is very important to connectivity of scaffold. Emulsification is commonly used to prepare paraffin spheres, in which the paraffin size can not be controlled well. In this paper, a new method based on digitalization of microfluids technology is used to produce paraffin spheres. In this method, relationship between drive voltage U and diameter of spheres, and relationship between diameter of nozzle d and diameter of spheres are studied. The two parameters have great effect on the shape, size of paraffin spheres. The shape, size of paraffin spheres can be adjusted by controlling the drive voltage U and diameter of nozzle d. The results show that the method based on digitalization of microfluids technology is simple, highly controllability.
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Dobosz, Stanisław M., Jan Kozień, Dariusz Drożyński, and Małgorzata Hosadyna-Kondracka. "New Pro-ecological Alkyd Binder for Moulding Sands with Limited Solvent Content." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 8, no. 2 (2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2024.8.2.19.
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Moulding sands with an alkyd binder are used primarily in the production of massive castings, mainly of cast steel, but they can also be used for castings made of other alloys. Moulding sands with an alkyd binder compete with self-hardening sands with phenolic and furfuryl resins. They have several advantages in common with furan moulding sands, such as excellent knock-out properties and very good quality of the casting surface. Additionally, alkyd moulding sands do not contain nitrogen, sulphur, formaldehyde and water, various sands can be used as a matrix: quartz, chromite, zircon or olivine and a high proportion of reclaimed material (up to 90%), moreover the moulding sand has high plasticity. The disadvantages of this technology include limited ability to adjust the hardening time, high binder viscosity and high sensitivity of the moulding sand to the matrix and the ambient humidity.The Prec-Odlew company is a Polish manufacturer of, among others, alkyd resins for the foundry industry. As part of the project: “Development and implementation of technologies for obtaining ecological binders (systems) for bonding highly refractory ceramic materials” (RPMP.01.02.01-12-0636/18) two new alkyd resins were developed with a reduced amount of solvents: SL2017 and SL2019. So far, resins of this type contained approximately 40–50% of solvents, including aromatic ones. The newly developed resins have a reduced amount of solvents in their composition – they contain from 20% to 30% and mainly non-aromatic solvents. The SL 2019 resin contains solvents that do not include any aromatic compounds in the form of hydrocarbons.This article presents the results of testing the properties of moulding sands using the standard alkyd resin and the newly developed resins. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of making moulding sands with innovative binders, and even higher strength values were observed than in the case of the reference moulding sand with the SL 2002 binder.
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Tai, Mae Hwa, Hui San Thiam, Shiau Foon Tee, Yun Seng Lim, Lip Huat Saw, and Soon Onn Lai. "Self-Healing Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone)-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells: Effect of Solvent Content." Polymers 15, no. 24 (2023): 4641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244641.
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Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with superior characteristics are needed to advance fuel cell technology. Nafion, the most used PEM in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), has excellent proton conductivity but suffers from high methanol permeability and long-term performance degradation. Thus, this study aimed to create a healable PEM with improved durability and methanol barrier properties by combining sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). The effect of changing the N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solvent concentration during membrane casting was investigated. Lower DMAc concentrations improved water absorption and, thus, membrane proton conductivity, but methanol permeability increased correspondingly. For the best trade-off between these two characteristics, the blend membrane with a 10 wt% DMAc solvent (SP10) exhibited the highest selectivity. SP10 also showed a remarkable self-healing capacity by regaining 88% of its pre-damage methanol-blocking efficiency. The ability to self-heal decreased with the increasing solvent concentration because of the increased crosslinking density and structure compactness, which reduced chain mobility. Optimizing the solvent concentration during membrane preparation is therefore an important factor in improving membrane performance in DMFCs. With its exceptional methanol barrier and self-healing characteristics, the pioneering SPEEK/PVA blend membrane may contribute to efficient and durable fuel cell systems.
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Zhang, Yiming, Wei Zhang, and Luis F. Cházaro-Ruiz. "Porous PVDF/PANI ion-exchange membrane (IEM) modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and lithium chloride in the application of membrane capacitive deionisation (MCDI)." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 9 (2018): 2311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.152.
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Abstract In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyaniline (PANI) heterogeneous anion-exchange membranes filled with pore-forming agents polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and lithium chloride were prepared by the solution-casting technique using the solvent 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and a two-step phase inversion procedure. Key properties of the as-prepared membranes, such as hydrophilicity, water content, ion exchange capacity, fixed ion concentration, conductivity and transport number were examined and compared between membranes in different conditions. The pore-forming hydrophilic additives PVP and lithium chloride to the casting solution appeared to improve the ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) by increasing the conductivity, transport number and hydrophilicity. The effects of increasing membrane drying time on the porosity of the as-prepared membranes were found to lower membrane porosity by reducing membrane water content. However, pore-forming agents were found to be able to stabilise membrane transport number with different drying times. As-prepared PVDF/PANI anion-exchange membrane with pore-forming agent is demonstrated to be a more efficient candidate for water purification (e.g. desalination) and other industrial applications.
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da Silva, Miguel P., Maria J. Beira, Isabel D. Nogueira, Pedro J. Sebastião, João L. Figueirinhas, and Maria Norberta de Pinho. "Tailoring the Selective Permeation Properties of Asymmetric Cellulose Acetate/Silica Hybrid Membranes and Characterisation of Water Dynamics in Hydrated Membranes by Deuterium Nuclear Magnetic Resonance." Membranes 12, no. 6 (2022): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12060559.
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In this work, the water order and dynamics in hydrated films of flat asymmetric cellulose acetate (CA)/silica, CA/SiO2, and hybrid membranes, covering a wide range of nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) permeation properties, were characterised by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (DNMR) relaxation. The range of NF/UF characteristics was attained by subjecting three CA/SiO2 membranes, prepared from casting solutions with different acetone/formamide ratios to drying post-treatments of solvent exchange and conditioning with surfactant mixtures. Post-treated and pristine CA/SiO2 membranes were characterised in terms of hydraulic permeability, selective permeation properties and molecular weight cut-off. These results were correlated with the DNMR relaxation findings. It was found that the post-treatment by solvent exchange caused membrane shrinkage that led to very different permeation characteristics and a significant enhancement of the DNMR relaxation observables. In contrast, conditioning with surfactant solutions exhibited a weaker effect over those properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were obtained for the membranes post-treated with solvent exchange to confirm their asymmetric nature. This work provides an essential indication that DNMR relaxometry is a reliable tool to characterise the asymmetric porous structures of the NF/UF CA/SiO2 hybrid membranes.
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Pasaoglu, Mehmet Emin, Serkan Guclu, and Ismail Koyuncu. "Polyethersulfone/polyacrylonitrile blended ultrafiltration membranes: preparation, morphology and filtration properties." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 3 (2016): 738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.252.
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Polyethersulfone (PES)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes have been paid attention among membrane research subjects. However, very few studies are included in the literature. In our study, asymmetric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared from blends of PES/PAN with phase inversion method using water as coagulation bath. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with Mw of 10,000 Da was used as pore former agent. N,N-dimethylformamide was used as solvent. The effects of different percentage of PVP and PES/PAN composition on morphology and water filtration properties were investigated. Membrane performances were examined using pure water and lake water filtration studies. Performances of pure water were less with the addition of PAN into the PES polymer casting solutions. However, long-term water filtration tests showed that PES/PAN blend membranes anti-fouling properties were much higher than the neat PES membranes. The contact angles of PES/PAN membranes were lower than neat PES membranes because of PAN addition in PES polymer casting solutions. Furthermore, it was found that PES/PAN blend UF membranes' dynamic mechanical analysis properties in terms of Young's modules were less than neat PES membrane because of decreasing amount of PES polymer.
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Chaudhary, Neetu, and Mithilesh Dikshit. "CHARACTERIZATION OF GRAPHENE/H-BNNS REINFORCED HIGH-PERFORMANCE POLYURETHANE NANOCOMPOSITES PRODUCED USING SOLVENT CASTING METHOD." Composites: Mechanics, Computations, Applications: An International Journal 16, no. 1 (2025): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/compmechcomputapplintj.2024053049.
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Polyurethane (PU) is a popular material for nanocomposites application in polymer science and technology. In pure form, PU is not suitable for engineering applications that require additional processing to improve the mechanical and thermal properties. High-performance PU nanocomposites with superior properties may be obtained by reinforcement with nanostructures such as graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (h-BNNS). In the present research, h-BNNS and Gr are used as a reinforcement into the PU matrix. Solvent casting method has been used to obtain PU/Gr, PU/h-BNNS, and PU/Gr + h-BNNS (hybrid) nanocomposites. Gr and h-BNNS are reinforced into the PU matrix at weight % (wt.%) of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, respectively. In hybrid PU nanocomposite the combination of both Gr and h-BNNS has been used in the wt.% of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7. Characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed to elucidate the morphological and structural changes within the PU nanocomposite matrix. Results revealed the establishment of polymerization in all three types of reinforcement and the presence of hard segments in the h-BNNS reinforced PU nanocomposites, which indicates the presence of hydrogen bonding. h-BNNS reinforced PU nanocomposites revealed the formation of strong interfacial interaction between the h-BNNS and the PU matrix. Significant changes in the storage modulus (E') were observed with the various types of reinforcing agents. Reinforcement of 0.5 wt.% of h-BNNS yields better results compared to Gr and hybrid reinforcement.
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Lee, Ju-Hyun, Chulhun Park, In-OK Song, Beom-Jin Lee, Chin-Yang Kang, and Jun-Bom Park. "Investigation of Patient-Centric 3D-Printed Orodispersible Films Containing Amorphous Aripiprazole." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 7 (2022): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15070895.
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The objective of this study was to design and evaluate an orodispersible film (ODF) composed of aripiprazole (ARP), prepared using a conventional solvent casting technique, and to fuse a three-dimensional (3D) printing technique with a hot-melt extrusion (HME) filament. Klucel® LF (hydroxypropyl cellulose, HPC) and PE-05JPS® (polyvinyl alcohol, PVA) were used as backbone polymers for 3D printing and solvent casting. HPC-, PVA-, and ARP-loaded filaments were applied for 3D printing using HME. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the 3D printing filaments and films were optimized based on the composition of the polymers and the processing parameters. The crystalline states of drug and drug-loaded formulations were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The dissolution and disintegration of the 3D-printed films were faster than those of solvent-cast films. HPC-3D printed film was fully disintegrated within 45 ± 3.5 s. The dissolution rate of HPC films reached 80% within 30 min at pH 1.2 and pH 4.0 USP buffer. There was a difference in the dissolution rate of about 5 to 10% compared to PVA films at the same sampling time. The root mean square of the roughness (Rq) values of each sample were evaluated using atomic force microscopy. The higher the Rq value, the rougher the surface, and the larger the surface area, the more salivary fluid penetrated the film, resulting in faster drug release and disintegration. Specifically, The HPC 3D-printed film showed the highest Rq value (102.868 nm) and average surface roughness (85.007 nm). The puncture strength of 3D-printed films had desirable strength with HPC (0.65 ± 0.27 N/mm2) and PVA (0.93 ± 0.15 N/mm2) to prevent deformation compared to those of marketed film products (over 0.34 N/mm2). In conclusion, combining polymer selection and 3D printing technology could innovatively design ODFs composed of ARP to solve the unmet medical needs of psychiatric patients.
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Delgado-Rivera, Roberto, William García-Rodríguez, Luis López, Lisandro Cunci, Pedro J. Resto, and Maribella Domenech. "PCL/PEO Polymer Membrane Prevents Biofouling in Wearable Detection Sensors." Membranes 13, no. 8 (2023): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080728.
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Technological advances in biosensing offer extraordinary opportunities to transfer technologies from a laboratory setting to clinical point-of-care applications. Recent developments in the field have focused on electrochemical and optical biosensing platforms. Unfortunately, these platforms offer relatively poor sensitivity for most of the clinically relevant targets that can be measured on the skin. In addition, the non-specific adsorption of biomolecules (biofouling) has proven to be a limiting factor compromising the longevity and performance of these detection systems. Research from our laboratory seeks to capitalize on analyte selective properties of biomaterials to achieve enhanced analyte adsorption, enrichment, and detection. Our goal is to develop a functional membrane integrated into a microfluidic sampling interface and an electrochemical sensing unit. The membrane was manufactured from a blend of Polycaprolactone (PCL) and Polyethylene oxide (PEO) through a solvent casting evaporation method. A microfluidic flow cell was developed with a micropore array that allows liquid to exit from all pores simultaneously, thereby imitating human perspiration. The electrochemical sensing unit consisted of planar gold electrodes for the monitoring of nonspecific adsorption of proteins utilizing Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The solvent casting evaporation technique proved to be an effective method to produce membranes with the desired physical properties (surface properties and wettability profile) and a highly porous and interconnected structure. Permeability data from the membrane sandwiched in the flow cell showed excellent permeation and media transfer efficiency with uniform pore activation for both active and passive sweat rates. Biofouling experiments exhibited a decrease in the extent of biofouling of electrodes protected with the PCL/PEO membrane, corroborating the capacity of our material to mitigate the effects of biofouling.
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Zhang, Yang, Frederik Huld, Song Lu, Camilla Jektvik, Fengliu Lou, and Zhixin Yu. "Revisiting Polytetrafluorethylene Binder for Solvent-Free Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Fabrication." Batteries 8, no. 6 (2022): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries8060057.
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Solvent-free (SF) anodes with different carbon materials (graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon) were fabricated to investigate the stability of different anodes with polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) degradation. The graphite anode with large volume variation during the charge/discharge process showed poor cycle life performance, while hard carbon and soft carbon with low-volume expansion showed good cycle life. The SF hard carbon electrodes with a high loading of 10.7 mg/cm2 revealed good long-term cycling performance similar to conventional slurry-casting (CSC) electrodes. It demonstrated nearly 90% capacity retention after 120 cycles under a current of 1/3 C with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) as cathode in coin cell. The rate capability of the high-loading SF electrodes also is comparable to the CSC electrodes. The high stability of SF hard carbon and soft carbon anodes was attributed to its low-volume variation, which could maintain their integrity even though PTFE was defluorinated to amorphous carbon irreversibly. However, the reduced amorphous carbon cannot tolerate huge volume variation of graphite during cycling, resulting in poor stability.
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Bazrgar bajestani, Majid, and Seyyed Abbas Mousavi. "Effect of casting solvent on the characteristics of Nafion/TiO2 nanocomposite membranes for microbial fuel cell application." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41, no. 1 (2016): 476–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.11.036.
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Zioui, Djamila, Hugo Salazar, Lamine Aoudjit, Pedro M. Martins, and Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez. "Polymer-Based Membranes for Oily Wastewater Remediation." Polymers 12, no. 1 (2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010042.
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The compounds found in industrial wastewater typically show high toxicity, and in this way, they have become a primary environmental concern. Several techniques have been applied in industrial effluent remediation. In spite of the efforts, these techniques are yet to be ineffective to treat oily wastewater before it can be discharged safely to the environment. Membrane technology is an attractive approach to treat oily wastewater. This is dedicated to the immobilisation of TiO2 nanoparticles on poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoro ethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) porous matrix by solvent casting. Membranes with interconnected pores with an average diameter of 60 µm and a contact angle of 97°, decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles, are obtained. The degradation of oily wastewater demonstrated the high photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposite membranes: Under sunlight irradiation for seven hours, colourless water was obtained.
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Hood, Sheldon J., and Savvas G. Chamberlain. "Color-filter arrays for silicon solid-state image arrays sensors." Canadian Journal of Physics 69, no. 3-4 (1991): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p91-089.
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A monolithic fabrication process for color-filter arrays was developed. The color-filter arrays were composed of a blue, green, and red colored mosaic of transparent film elements. The color-filter arrays were fabricated on silicon wafers on which linear arrays of silicon photodiodes had previously been fabricated. Different colored film elements overlaid different photodiodes so that the spectral response of any photodiode was the produce of its intrinsic response and the transmittance characteristic of the color filter. This technology is applicable to the development of color image sensor arrays. The color-filter arrays utilized a transparent, organic polymer film base as a support for dyes. Organic solvent dyes were chosen to impart color into the film material. Solvent spin-casting techniques were used to coat silicon wafers with polymer films of different colors. The polymer films were patterned by selectively etching the films in an oxygen plasma through an aluminum mask. Measurements were performed on the color-filter-covered photodiodes to determine their spectral response as a function of the wavelength of the incident light. The measurements showed that the color-filter arrays had good color spectral characteristics.
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De Caro, Viviana, Giuseppe Angellotti, Fabio D’Agostino, and Giulia Di Prima. "Buccal Thin Films as Potent Permeation Enhancers for Cytisine Transbuccal Delivery." Membranes 12, no. 11 (2022): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111169.
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Cytisine (CYT) is a powerful anti-smoking compound which could greatly benefit from transbuccal delivery because of both its unfavorable pharmacokinetics after oral administration and its intrinsic ability to permeate the buccal mucosa. This work aims to design CYT-loaded buccal thin films suitable for transbuccal drug delivery due to its capability of promoting the interaction between CYT and the buccal membrane. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare several thin films combining various excipients such as matrixing polymers, mucoadhesion agents, plasticizers and other compounds as humectants and sweeteners, component ratios and solvents. A total of 36 compositions was prepared and four of them emerged as the most promising in terms of aspect and flexibility. They all demonstrated homogeneity, thinness, low swelling degree, and controlled drug release according to the Power Law and Peppas-Sahlin mathematical models. Mainly, they proved able to interact with the ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa producing mucoadhesive effects, and act as potent permeation enhancers. In particular, Film B emerged as suitable as it produced a 10.6-fold Kp enhancement and a great Js value (52.33 μg/cm2·h−1), even when compared to highly concentrated CYT solutions.
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Schieber, Romain, Yago Raymond, Cristina Caparrós, et al. "Functionalization Strategies and Fabrication of Solvent-Cast PLLA for Bioresorbable Stents." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (2021): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041478.
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Actual polymer bioresorbable stents (BRS) generate a risk of device thrombosis as a consequence of the incomplete endothelialization after stent implantation. The material-tissue interactions are not fully controlled and stent fabrication techniques do not allow personalized medical solutions. This work investigates the effect of different functionalization strategies onto solvent-cast poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) surfaces with the capacity to enhance surface endothelial adhesion and the fabrication of 3D printed BRS. PLLA films were obtained by solvent casting and treated thermally to increase mechanical properties. Surface functionalization was performed by oxygen plasma (OP), sodium hydroxide (SH) etching, or cutinase enzyme (ET) hydrolysis, generating hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. A higher amount of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups was determined on OP and ET compared to the SH surfaces, as determined by contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Endothelial cells (ECs) adhesion and spreading was higher on OP and ET functionalized surfaces correlated with the increase of functional groups without affecting the degradation. To verify the feasibility of the approach proposed, 3D printed PLLA BRS stents were produced by the solvent-cast direct writing technique.
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Garcia, Eduardo Lanzagorta, Olivia A. Attallah, Marija Mojicevic, Declan M. Devine, and Margaret Brennan Fournet. "Antimicrobial Active Bioplastics Using Triangular Silver Nanoplate Integrated Polycaprolactone and Polylactic Acid Films." Materials 14, no. 5 (2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14051132.
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An innovative antimicrobial technology for plastic surfaces is presented. We report the synthesis and scale-up of triangular silver nanoplates (TSNPs) and their integration into polycaprolactone (PCL) and polylactic acid (PLA) polymers through a solvent-casting technique. The TSNPs have a high geometric aspect ratio and strong local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response, which provides an effective tool for monitoring their integrity during processing and integration with the biodegradable plastics. An aqueous-based seed-mediated chemical method was used to synthesize the TSNPs, and characterisation was carried out using TEM and UV (Ultraviolet)-VIS (Visible) spectroscopy to measure LSPR profiles. The UV-VIS spectra of silver seeds and TSNPs exhibited characteristic peaks at 395 and 600 nm respectively. Synthesized TSNPs were coated with thiol-terminated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG) and transferred into chloroform in order to effect compatibility with PCL and PLA. TSNP/PCL and TSNP/PLA composite films were prepared by solvent casting. The morphological structure, thermal, mechanical, and antimicrobial properties of the TSNP-incorporated composite films were evaluated. Results showed the TSNP-treated films had a rougher surface than the bare films. Insignificant changes in the thermal properties of TSNP-treated films compared to bare ones were also observed, which indicated the thermal stability of the composite films. The tensile strength and antimicrobial properties of the composite films were increased after TSNP incorporation. TSNP/PCL and TSNP/PLA films exhibited improved antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus with antimicrobial effect (AE) values ranging between 0.10 and 0.35. The obtained results and demonstrated TSNP production scalability validate the TSNP treated PCL and PLA films as a composite material with desirable antimicrobial effect for wide-ranging surface applications.
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Saharan, Vijay, Jeffrey Roberts, Vesselin Manev, Yee Ho Chia, Greg MacLean, and Steven R. McMullen. "Moisture-uptake by the positive active material from the casting solvent and the ambient environment." Journal of Power Sources 146, no. 1-2 (2005): 809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.088.
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Hussain, Arshad, and Mohammed Al-Yaari. "Development of Polymeric Membranes for Oil/Water Separation." Membranes 11, no. 1 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010042.
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In this work, the treatment of oily wastewater was investigated using developed cellulose acetate (CA) membranes blended with Nylon 66. Membrane characterization and permeation results in terms of oil rejection and flux were compared with a commercial CA membrane. The solution casting method was used to fabricate membranes composed of CA and Nylon 66. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done to examine the surface morphology of the membrane as well as the influence of solvent on the overall structure of the developed membranes. Mechanical and thermal properties of developed blended membranes and a commercial membrane were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal (tensile) testing machine (UTM). Membrane characterizations revealed that the thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated blended membranes better than those of the commercial membrane. Membrane fluxes and rejection of oil as a function of Nylon 66 compositions and transmembrane pressure were measured. Experimental results revealed that the synthetic membrane (composed of 2% Nylon 66 and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent) gave a permeate flux of 33 L/m2h and an oil rejection of around 90%, whereas the commercial membrane showed a permeate flux of 22 L/m2h and an oil rejection of 70%.
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Wang, Xuehan, Shuli Chen, Kaiqi Zhang, et al. "A Polytetrafluoroethylene-Based Solvent-Free Procedure for the Manufacturing of Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials 16, no. 22 (2023): 7232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16227232.
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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have recently become popular for energy storage due to their high energy density, storage capacity, and long-term cycle life. Although binders make up only a small proportion of LIBs, they have become the key to promoting the transformation of the battery preparation process. Along with the development of binders, the battery manufacturing process has evolved from the conventional slurry-casting (SC) process to a more attractive solvent-free (SF) method. Compared with traditional LIBs manufacturing method, the SF method could dramatically reduce and increase the energy density due to the reduced preparation steps and enhanced electrode loading. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), as a typical binder, has played an important role in fabricating high-performance LIBs, particularly in regards to the SF technique. In this paper, the development history and application status of PTFE binder was introduced, and then its contributions and the inherent problems involved in the SF process were described and analyzed. Finally, the viewpoints concerning the future trends for PTFE-based SF manufacturing methods were also discussed. We hope this work can inspire future research concerning high-quality SF binders and assist in promoting the evolution of the SF manufacturing technology in regards to LIBs.
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Pasquini, Luca, Maxime Sauvan, Riccardo Narducci, Emanuela Sgreccia, Philippe Knauth, and Maria Luisa Di Vona. "Improved Hydrolytic and Mechanical Stability of Sulfonated Aromatic Proton Exchange Membranes Reinforced by Electrospun PPSU Fibers." Membranes 12, no. 11 (2022): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111159.
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The hydrolytic stability of ionomer membranes is a matter of concern for the long-term durability of energy storage and conversion devices. Various reinforcement strategies exist for the improvement of the performances of the overall membrane. We propose in this article the stabilization of membranes based on aromatic ion conducting polymers (SPEEK and SPPSU) by the introduction of an electrospun mat of inexpensive PPSU polymer. Characterization data from hydrolytic stability (mass uptake and dimension change) and from mechanical and conductivity measurements show an improved stability of membranes in phosphate buffer, used for enzymatic fuel cells, and in distilled water. The synergistic effect of the reinforcement, together with the casting solvent and the thermal treatment or blending polymers, is promising for the realization of high stability ionomer membranes.