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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Solvent extraction – Chemical engineering'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Chimpalee, Dolrudee. "Applications of ion-pair solvent extraction." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336039.

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2

Haq, Fida-Ul. "Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from aqueous solution." Thesis, Teesside University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283231.

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3

Mahmood, Z. "Some studies of modelling in solvent extraction of metals." Thesis, Teesside University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379117.

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4

Pitt, Julian Llewellyn. "The behaviour of mineral particles in uranium solvent extraction systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339619.

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5

Arnott, Iain. "Solvent extraction of fermentation products using electrostatic and centrifugal fields." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1465.

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6

Fathurrachman. "Solvent extraction as a method of promoting uranium enrichment by chemical exchange." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336412.

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7

Sundell, Oscar. "Solvent extraction of antimony and tin from speiss leachate." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Kemiteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-65822.

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This work is a cooperation with Boliden Minerals AB, who recently has been interested in recovering more valuable elements from their byproducts. For this case, solvent extraction was chosen as a potential method of recovering these valuables, as it is a method considered to be ideal for separation of trace elements from large amounts of other substances. The goal for this work was to execute manual extraction experiments as a preparation for a bigger project at LTU. The objectives of this thesis included the investigation of the selectivity for extraction of tin and antimony, using different
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8

Khan, Simi. "Reactive solvent extraction of #beta#-lactams and some theoretical aspects of ion pairing." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280769.

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9

Howell, Bill. "Physical and chemical aspects of the solvent extraction of uranium by a tertiary amine." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4574.

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10

ZHANG, WENWEN. "Catalytic Conversion of Sugar Mixtures into Furan Products in Ionic Liquid Media with Organic Solvent Extraction." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1341540235.

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11

Liddell, Lorna G. "A study of the dynamic behaviour of a pulsed column solvent extraction plant." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9765/.

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A study has been made of the dynamic behaviour of a nuclear fuel reprocessing plant utilising pulsed solvent extraction columns. A flowsheet is presented and the choice of an extraction device is discussed. The plant is described by a series of modules each module representing an item of equipment. Each module consists of a series of differential equations describing the dynamic behaviour of the equipment. The model is written in PMSP, a language developed for dynamic simulation models. The differential equations are solved to predict plant behaviour with time. The dynamic response of the plan
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12

Scapello, Justin Thomas. "Solvent extraction of a polar solute using colloidal liquid aphrons : stability, equilibrium and mass transfer." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265955.

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13

Russell, Mark Lyndon. "Studies into new solvent extraction reagents for the separation of trivalent minor actinides from trivalent lanthanides." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269659.

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14

Venter, Denise (Denise Louisette). "The separation of phenolic compounds from neutral oils and nitrogen bases." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52576.

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Dissertation (PhD(Eng))--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Coal pyrolysis liquors are a major source of phenolic compounds. The separation of the phenolic compounds from the neutral oils and nitrogen bases also present in the pyrolysis liquors is difficult due to low relative volatilities and the formation of azeotropes. The desired phenolic recovery and phenolic product purity of 99.5 % can therefore not be achieved by means of conventional separation processes. Alternative processes such as liquid-liquid extraction with various low-boiling solvents, mixtures of h
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15

Soldenhoff, Karin. "The solvent extraction of CU (II) from chloride solutions with certain non-chelating nitrogen donor ligands." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16408.

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Summary in English.<br>Bibliography: pages 96-100.<br>The extraction of copper from chloride solutions with some aliphatic oximes as well as some pyridine carboxylates was studied and the complexes formed in the organic phase identified. The association of octanal oxime in toluene was taken into account in the extraction studies and formation constants for dimers and trimers obtained. Copper (II), Nickel (II) and Cobalt (II) are extracted by a solvating mechanism in which only the neutral MCl2 species is extractable. This reaction is largely independent of pH. Studies were also carried out on
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16

Kihlbom, Caroline. "Separation of Cobalt and Nickel using CYANEX 272 for Solvent Extraction." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-293919.

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This project aimed to examine the separation of cobalt and nickel using solvent extraction (SX) with the extractant CYANEX 272 (C272). It was intended to investigate the Co-Ni separation in a sulphate-based leach solution in presence of other contaminants. This is an area of interest because of the difficulty of separating metals of similar properties within the field of hydrometallurgy.  Batch tests, with varying modifiers and diluents, were carried out to examine the effect of organic phase composition on phase separation. The effect of pH on equilibrium was investigated by constructing equi
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17

Spadina, Mario. "Solvation and Ion Specificity in Complex Media." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS020/document.

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Le but de cette thèse était de créer des modèles pour deux applications qui apparaissent couramment en chimie séparative, à savoir la séparation solide-liquide et la séparation liquide-liquide. L'avantage de la modélisation est manifeste dans les deux cas. L'étude fondamentale des propriétés des ions et de leur solvatation dans les milieux complexes, en tenant compte de façon simplifié des différents effets mis en jeu, nous a permis de construire un cadre qui utile aussi bien aux chimistes en laboratoire qu’aux ingénieurs lors de la conception des procédés. Nous avons adapté cette stratégie su
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18

Zaidi, Muthana Getan Mohammed. "Methodology of synthesis and selection of solvents for liquid-liquid extraction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333314.

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19

Van, Dyk Braam. "Computerized design of solvents for extractive processes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52171.

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Thesis (PhDEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Separation processes are an integral part of chemical engineering. The purity of a chemical product is among the principal factors influencing its value. Therefore, any method that can increase the purity of a product or decrease the cost of purification will have a direct effect on the profitability of the entire plant. An important class of separation processes is the solvent-based separations. This includes processes like extractive distillation, liquid-liquid extraction and chromatographic separation. Heterogen
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20

Makaka, Siphokazi. "The development of an empirical mass transfer relationship for the extraction of copper ions in a carrier facilitated tubular supported liquid membrane system." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/866.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Chemical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2011<br>Treatment of waste material from mining and mineral processing is gaining increasing importance as a result of the increasing demand for high purity products and environmental concerns. Supported liquid membranes (SLMs) have been proposed as a new technology for the selective removal of metal ions from a solution. This technology can be described as the simultaneous extraction and stripping operation, c
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21

AbuHassan, Yazeed. "EFFECT OF CHEMICAL SOLVENTS ON RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECOVERED ASPHALT BINDERS." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1470053704.

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22

Al-Bety, Salwa. "Bioraffinering av bark: En jämförelse mellan två extraktionsmetoder." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-299638.

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Intresset för användningen av material från förnybara råvaror ökar. Produktionen av vedmassa och material i skogsindustrin genererar dagligen stora mängder biprodukter, särskilt bark. Barken innehåller många värdefulla komponenter som kan förädlas och öka värdet för barken, men först måste de separeras. Målet med denna undersökning var att separera dessa genom att jämföra två olika typer av extraktionsmetoder. Den första metoden använde programmerbar utrustning som namnges accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) och den andra använde manuell teknik som namnges Soxhlet ex
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23

Ramirez, Cadavid David A. "Development of Processes for the Extraction of Industrial Grade Rubber and Co-Products from the Roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK)." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1512060296142347.

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24

Tarkan, Haci Mustafa. "Air-assisted solvent extraction." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102735.

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Air-Assisted Solvent Extraction (AASX) is a novel concept that uses a solvent-coated bubble to contact the organic and aqueous phases. The advantages over conventional solvent extraction (SX) are high solvent to aqueous contact area with reduced solvent volume and ease of phase separation due to the buoyancy imparted by the air core. This opens the way to treat dilute solutions (&lt;1 g/L), such as effluents.<br>The novel contribution in this thesis is the production of solvent-coated bubbles by exploiting foaming properties of kerosene-based solvents.<br>The basic set-up is a chamber to gener
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25

Bajpayee, Anurag. "Directional solvent extraction desalination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78539.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.<br>"September 2012." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-137).<br>World water supply is struggling to meet demand. Production of fresh water from the oceans could supply this demand almost indefinitely. As global energy consumption continues to increase, water and energy resources are getting closely intertwined, especially with regards to the water consumption and contamination in the unconventional oil and gas industry. Development of effective, affo
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26

Suriyachat, Duangkamol. "Zirconium solvent extraction using organophosphorus compounds." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60718.

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This study compares zirconium extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions using either Cyanex 923 or Cyanex 925 in kerosene. While both are mixtures of trialkyl phosphine oxides, the trialkyl groups in the former have straight chains, while those in the latter have branched chains.<br>The major variables studied were hydrochloric acid, extractant and zirconium concentrations, and phase ratio. With both reagents, zirconium is extracted rapidly. Extraction increases with increasing hydrochloric acid concentration, and zirconium is loaded as its neutral tetrachloride complex by a solvation reacti
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27

Anthony, Renil J. "Solvent Extraction of Lipids from Microalgae." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1280854965.

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28

Ashrafizadeh, Seyed Nezameddin. "Solvent extraction and liquid membrane separation of rhodium." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37698.

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The aim of this work was to develop a viable solvent-extraction based system for the separation of rhodium (Rh) from aqueous chloride solutions. Ultimately, two different systems were developed. Kelex 100, a commercially available derivative of 8-hydroxyquinoline, was used as the extractant reagent in both of these systems. One of the systems involved the supported liquid membrane (SLM) extraction of Rh. In this system a very thin microporous "Gore-Tex" polymer sheet, impregnated with an organic solution of Kelex 100, served as the SLM. The other system involved the conversion of the chlorocom
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29

Salehpour, Somaieh. "Biodiesel: A green polymerization solvent." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27916.

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A number of polymer products are traditionally made using a solution polymerization technique. However, with increased environmental awareness and thus, concerns over the volatile organic content (VOC) associated with various polymer processes, there is an ongoing effort to find alternatives to traditional solvents. In an effort to use cleaner technologies, fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was used for the first time as a polymerization solvent. Biodiesel or FAME has garnered much attention in recent years as an alternative to diesel fuel. It is environmentally benign and has a low volatility. B
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30

Fowler, Michael James. "Construction of prototype system for directional solvent extraction desalination." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76130.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-38).<br>Directional solvent extraction has been demonstrated as a low temperature, membrane free desalination process. This method dissolves the water into an inexpensive, benign directional solvent, rejects the contaminants, then recovers pure water, and re-uses the solvent. In order to bring this technology closer to real world application, a continuous process prototype for a directional solvent extraction system
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31

Wang, Nan. "CO2 Separation - from Aqueous Amine Solvent to Ionic Liquid-based solvent." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-84244.

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32

Chen, Jie Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Computer-aided rational solvent selection for pharmaceutical crystallization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59874.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-135).<br>Solvents play an important role in crystallization, a commonly used separation and purification technique in the pharmaceutical, chemical and food industries. They affect crystal properties such as particle size distribution, morphology, polymorphism etc. and therefore have consequences for the downstream processing of the solid material. Current solvent selection techniques for solution crystallization rem
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33

Chang, Emily P. "Controlled emulsion droplet solvent evaporation for particle production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81748.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2013.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In this work, we are motivated by the need to produce particles of well-controlled size, shape and morphology for general application in catalysis, environmental remediation, nanomedicine, pharmaceuticals, the development of new materials, and other field
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34

Ahmad, Berit Sagli. "Synthesis of batch processes with integrated solvent recovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10411.

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35

Wijaya, Julie E. "Formation and characterization of solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27081.

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In this work, a novel approach for preparing nanofiltration membranes using poly(amide imide) (TorlonRTM)/Chitosan composites by coating the Chitosan solution on top of the Torlon base membrane and subsequently curing and neutralization with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) has been developed. In general, TorlonRTM/Chitosan composite nanofiltration membranes were found to be stable in aqueous medium and when contacted with the solvents. A uniform Chitosan dense layer was successfully coated on the base membrane, which reduced the effect of chemical degradation of the membrane. Low permeability of s
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36

Wang, Rui. "Mechanism of catalysed solvent-mediated coal liquefaction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10810.

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This thesis describes a study of the control of the reaction chemistry of the coal dissolution stage of a two-stage coal liquefaction process through the use of catalysts to produce coal liquids more amenable to secondary upgrading, particular emphasis being placed on investigating the feasibility of using "spent" or "deactivated" catalysts from, for example, upgrading of coal-derived liquids, to promote solvent-mediated coal dissolution in an inert atmosphere, such systems having an appreciable impact on process economICS. The coal dissolution reaction was carried out using a tubing bomb micr
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37

El-Ammouri, Elias G. "Hafnium solvent extraction from chloride solutions using organophosphorus reagents (Cyanex 923, 925)." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69792.

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A comparison of hafnium solvent extraction from hydrochloric acid solutions using either Cyanex 923 or 925 (organic extractants) diluted in kerosene was established. Since understanding of the hafnium-hydrochloric acid solution is important, development of a speciation diagram for such a solution was carried out. While both Cyanex 923 and 925 are mixtures of trialkyl phosphine oxides, the trialkyl group in the former have straight chains, while those in the latter have branched chains.<br>Experimentally, the major variables studied were hydrochloric acid, hafnium and Cyanex concentrations. Haf
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38

Mihaylov, Indje O. (Indje Ognianov). "Gallium solvent extraction from sulphate solutions using organophosphoric acid reagents (D2EHPA, OPAP)." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=70338.

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The subject of this work is gallium extraction from sulphate solutions--an additional source of this metal from hydrometallurgical zinc production--with organophosphorus acid reagents: di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and OPAP, a mixed extractant consisting of mono- and di-octyl phenyl phosphoric acids. Extraction proceeds via cation-exchange and Ga$ sp{3+}$ is the reacting species. Gallium is extracted with D2EHPA mostly as GaR$ sb3$ - HR. The results for OPAP suggest existence of four reactions, which form GaM$ sb3,$ GaM$ sb2$D, GaMD$ sb2,$ and GaD$ sb3;$ this explains and allows pr
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39

Benguerel, Elyse. "An investigation on the solvent extraction of rhodium from aqueous chloride solutions /." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61340.

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The aqueous behaviour of rhodium (III) (Rh) in chloride solutions was investigated with the objective of evaluating its response to solvent extraction with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives. A theoretical analysis of the abundance of the various chloro-complexes in solution revealed that monoaquo-pentachlororhodate and hexachlororhodate are the most common forms of Rh(III) in chloride solutions ($>$0.5M Cl$ sp{-}$) and that the relative abundance of hexachlororhodate may be lower than was previously reported.<br>The extraction degree of Rh(III) with 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives from solutions r
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40

Kothandaraman, Anusha. "Carbon dioxide capture by chemical absorption : a solvent comparison study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59877.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In the light of increasing fears about climate change, greenhouse gas mitigation technologies have assumed growing importance. In the United States, energy related CO₂ emissions accounted for 98% of the total emissions in 2007 with electricity generation accounting for 40% of the total'. Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) is one of the options that can enable the utilization of fossil fuels with lower CO₂ emissions.
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41

Shin, Youn-Ok 1971. "Extraction of lysozyme using surfactants." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38519.

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The liquid-liquid extraction of biomolecules using a reverse micellar system has been studied in literature as a simple and easily scalable purification method that can be used in fermentation industry. The recovery of proteins from the reverse micellar phase has shown a low efficiency (less than 20%) making the technique unfavorable in industrial practice. In addition, the modeling is often complicated due to the complex interactions among surfactants, cosurfactants, electrolytes and charged biomolecules. Thus, this work was aimed to examine the solubilization behavior of lysozyme into four d
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42

Gliah, Omemah Rajab. "Water extraction from the atmosphere." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27587.

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This investigation is driven by the desire to find an alternative method of obtaining fresh water. More specifically, fresh water is to be obtained by condensation of atmospheric water vapor on a surface maintained below the dew point by a radiative heat loss from its surface to the night sky. To properly simulate the condensation process, an accurate estimation of the effective sky temperature is required. To estimate the effective night sky temperature an experimental system, consisting of a series of metal plates embedded on a heat transfer panel, a weather station and a control system, was
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43

Owens, Tracie LeeAnne. "Engineering amphiphilic fabrics for microfluidic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42908.

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Woven textile fabrics were designed and constructed from hydrophilic and hydrophobic spun yarns to give planar substrates containing amphiphilic microchannels with defined orientations and locations. Polypropylene fibers were spun to give hydrophobic yarns, and the hydrophilic yarns were spun from a poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolyester. Water wicking rates into the fabrics were measured by video microscopy and longitudinal wicking tests from single drops and from reservoirs. Intra-yarn microchannels in the hydrophilic polyester yarns were shown to selectively transport aqueous fluids, wi
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44

Alberts, Estelle. "Stripping rare earth elements and iron from D2EHPA during zinc solvent extraction." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17999.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: At Skorpion Zinc mine, in south-west Namibia, zinc oxide ore is refined through sulphuric acid leaching, solvent extraction, electrowinning and casting of the final 99.995 % Zn metal. Over the last four years, the rare earth element concentrations, with particular reference to Y, Yb, Er and Sc, have significantly increased in the circulating electrolyte and the zinc-stripped organic phase streams in the electrowinning and solvent extraction processes. This project had two main objectives: firstly, the effect(s) of rare e
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45

Marx, Sarah. "Micellar-enhanced extraction across a membrane." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23749.

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Micellar-enhanced extraction (MEEX) is a solvent extraction process which transfers organic solutes from wastewater to an aqueous surfactant phase containing micelles which solubilize the solutes. The feed and solvent contact each other across a microporous membrane having pore sizes small enough to prevent the micelles from crossing the membrane and contaminating the purified water. Back-contamination of the wastewater by surfactant monomers which cross the membrane is minimized by using a surfactant with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC).<br>MEEX was demonstrated with an aqueous fee
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46

Dietz, Mark L. "The role of the interface in the kinetics and mechanism of liquid-liquid extraction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184800.

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When solutions of various metal 8-quinolinolates or beta-diketonates in an organic solvent were contacted with an aqueous phase and vigorously stirred to generate a large interfacial area, a reversible decrease in the organic phase concentration of the complex was observed. The magnitude of this decrease varied with interfacial area, solvent, temperature, and the nature and concentration of the complex. Analysis of the phenomenon using the Langmuir isotherm showed that the concentration change may be explained by adsorption of significant quantities of the complexes at the increased liquid-liq
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47

Varma, Pritam S. "Solvent induced NMR chemical shifts that arise from molecular encounters." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9729/.

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Recently Homer and Percival have postulated that intermolecular van der Waals dispersion forces can be characterized by three mechanisms. The first arises via the mean square reaction field < R1; 2> due to the transient dipole of a particular solute molecule that is considered situated in a cavity surrounded by solvent molecules; this was characterized by an extended Onsager approach. The second stems from the extra cavity mean square reaction field < R2; 2> of the near neighbour solvent molecules. The third originates from square field electric fields E2BI due to a newly characterized effect
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48

Knight, Andrew William. "Radiochemical analysis of protactinium speciation: applications in nuclear forensics, nuclear energy, and environmental radiochemistry." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2233.

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Protactinium (Pa) is an actinide with chemical properties that are unique among the actinide elements. While the properties of other actinides are to a large extent understood, much of the chemistry of Pa remains a mystery. This thesis aims to illuminate new understanding of Pa chemistry through behavioral analysis using analytical techniques including liquid-liquid extraction (LL); extraction chromatography (ExC); and spectroscopic studies. Applications of radioanalytical chemistry and Pa: Through the research presented in this dissertation, we have developed a new way to separate uranium (U)
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49

Roman, Corrochano Borja. "Advancing the engineering understanding of coffee extraction." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7176/.

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Abstract:
Despite the fact that around 20000 cups of coffee per second are produced worldwide (making coffee the second most-traded commodity in the world), coffee extraction is not well understood yet. This Engineering Doctorate Thesis seeks to advance the fundamental engineering understanding of coffee extraction. This aim is based on the current need of industry to optimise soluble coffee process (as stress on water and energy is increasing), and the growing popularity of On-Demand coffee systems. The macrostructure, microstructure and extraction parameters of roast and ground coffee were investigate
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50

Mjalli, Farouq S. "Mathematical modelling and control of agitated extraction columns." Thesis, Aston University, 2003. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9652/.

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Abstract:
Liquid-liquid extraction has long been known as a unit operation that plays an important role in industry. This process is well known for its complexity and sensitivity to operation conditions. This thesis presents an attempt to explore the dynamics and control of this process using a systematic approach and state of the art control system design techniques. The process was studied first experimentally under carefully selected. operation conditions, which resembles the ranges employed practically under stable and efficient conditions. Data were collected at steady state conditions using adequa
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