Academic literature on the topic 'Solvent extraction processes'

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Journal articles on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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STEVENS, GEOFFREY W., and JILSKA M. PERERA. "Kinetics of Solvent Extraction Processes." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 17, no. 1-4 (October 1997): 205–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509708914148.

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Lezoul, Nour El Houda, Mohamed Belkadi, Fariborz Habibi, and Fabián Guillén. "Extraction Processes with Several Solvents on Total Bioactive Compounds in Different Organs of Three Medicinal Plants." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 4672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204672.

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The extraction of secondary metabolites by water, MeOH:water (8:2) containing NaF, methanol, ethanol and acetone (all of them diluted (7:3) in water)from the different parts (leaves, flowers, stems and roots) of Passiflora caerulea L., Physalis peruviana L. and Solanum muricatum Aiton via decoction and maceration methods was studied. The highest extraction yields were recorded by methanol for decoction and acetone for maceration. The total polyphenol content (TPC) obtained by decoction had the highest TPC contents, and MeOH containing NaF was the best solvent for the extraction of TPC. Maceration was suitable for flavonoid extractions, with ethanol and acetone being the best solvents. In general, the highest levels of TPC and flavonoids were obtained from Passiflora leaves regardless of the solvent or extraction method applied. Furthermore, the roots of Physalis and Solanum showed important levels of these compounds in consonance with the total antioxidant activity (TAA) evaluated in the different organs of the plant in the three species. In this study, the solvents and extraction methods applied were tools that determined significantly the level of extraction of bioactive compounds, showing a different impact on plant organs for each medicinal species studied.
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De Brabander, Pieter, Evelien Uitterhaegen, Ellen Verhoeven, Cedric Vander Cruyssen, Karel De Winter, and Wim Soetaert. "In Situ Product Recovery of Bio-Based Industrial Platform Chemicals: A Guideline to Solvent Selection." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (February 17, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010026.

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In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fragrance compounds (2-phenylethanol, geraniol, trans-cinnamaldehyde and β-ionone) were determined. While for highly hydrophobic fragrance compounds, multiple pure solvents were identified that were able to extract more than 98%, reactive extraction mixtures were proven effective for more challenging compounds including organic acids and hydrophilic alcohols. For example, a reactive mixture consisting of 12.5% of the extractant CYTOP 503 in canola oil was found to be biocompatible and showed superior extraction efficiency for the challenging compounds as compared to any biocompatible single solvent. This mapping of biocompatible solvents and solvent mixtures for the extraction of various classes of industrial platform chemicals can be a tremendous step forward in the development of extractive fermentations.
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Mohammad Azmin, Siti Nuurul Huda, Nor Alafiza Yunus, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, and Mohd Shukri Mat Nor. "Stability Analysis of Binary Solvent Mixtures for Herbal Phytochemical Extraction." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v5i3.657.

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Most of the extraction processes of herbal phytochemicals use solvent mixtures as a phytochemical transfer mediums. It is very important to predict the stability of solvent mixtures before it is used to extract herbal phytochemicals. In order to prevent any disturbance in the herbal extraction, the solvent mixtures must be in a single liquid phase (miscible to each other). In this study, the stabilities of five binary solvents (methanol-water, methanol-ethyl acetate, methanol-acetic acid, methanol-n-propionaldehyde, and methanol-isobutyraldehyde mixtures) that could be used in the current extraction processes are evaluated. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate these binary solvents in terms of their stability using Gibbs energy of mixing. The value of the function ?Gmix/RT is calculated for each solvent mixture. Then, the graph for ?Gmix/RT versus solvent molar fraction x is plotted. From this plot and the value of function ?Gmix/RT, it can be concluded whether the solvent mixtures are stable or unstable. From the analysis, all five binary mixtures are stable within the selected molar fraction making all mixtures are suitable to be applied in herbal extraction.
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Zhang, Cheng Long, Jing Wei Wang, Jian Feng Bai, and Wen Jie Wu. "Life Cycle Assessment of the Bio-Hydrometallurgical Process of Recycling Copper from Printed Circuit Boards Scraps." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 929–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.929.

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Recently, a few studies have been undertaken for the extracting of metallic copper from electronic scrap/printed circuit boards by bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning. Results of the present investigation indicate that bioleaching-solvent extraction-electrowinning could be a new cleaner hydrometallurgy route for recovery copper from the PCBs.The life cycle assessment method was used to investigate the environmental impacts of the new biohydrometallurgical process of production of metallic copper. The energy consumption,greenhouse effect,acidification in the new processes is studied and compared. The results indicate that the environmental impacts of bioleaching - solvent extraction-electrowinning technology is less than the conventional mechanical-pyrometallurgical processes and pyrometallurgical processes.
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Permadi, Asep Kurnia, Egi Adrian Pratama, Andri Luthfi Lukman Hakim, Alfanda Kurnia Widi, and Doddy Abdassah. "The Effect of Carbonyl and Hydroxyl Compounds Addition on CO2 Injection through Hydrocarbon Extraction Processes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010159.

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CO2 miscible flooding occurs when injection pressure is higher than the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) which can exceed the fracture pressure. Co-solvents are expected to reduce the MMP by interacting with various hydrocarbons that depend on the polarity and intermolecular forces of solvent and oil. However, there are limited studies that have investigated co-solvent performance in CO2 injection through an extraction process based on oil compositional analysis. This paper is aimed at studying the effects of carbonyl and hydroxyl compounds on oil extraction and also the mutual interactions of CO2-oil-carbonyl and -hydroxyl. The experiment is conducted by using VIPS (viscosity, interfacial tension, pressure-volume, and swelling) and gas chromatography (GC) apparatuses. The compositional results from GC are utilized to analyze the performance of co-solvents, which are further classified based on the carbon number and molecular structure of oil. Acetone is a non-associated polar compound which reacts easily with and assists CO2 to extract polar-aromatic heavy and slightly polar components such as alkenes and straight-chain alkanes, due to high polarizability and low cohesive forces. Ethanol is a self-associated polar compound which has the capability of extracting high-boiling fractions and slightly polar-aromatic components. Moreover, both co-solvents also assist CO2 to extract non-polar components because they have non-polar end in the alkyl group.
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Alonso, Ana I., André Lassahn, and Günter Gruhn. "Optimal design of non-dispersive solvent extraction processes." Computers & Chemical Engineering 25, no. 2-3 (March 2001): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0098-1354(00)00652-9.

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MIYAKE, YOSHIKAZU, and YOSHINARI BABA. "Rate Processes in Solvent Extraction of Metal Ion." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 21, no. 1-5 (September 2000): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827500008914173.

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Freiser, Henry. "Role of the Interface in Solvent Extraction Processes." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 61, no. 1 (January 1988): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.61.39.

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Chemat, Abert Vian, Ravi, Khadhraoui, Hilali, Perino, and Tixier. "Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects." Molecules 24, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007.

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In recent years, almost all extraction processes in the perfume, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food ingredients, nutraceuticals, biofuel and fine chemical industries rely massively on solvents, the majority of which have petroleum origins. The intricate processing steps involved in the industrial extraction cycle makes it increasingly difficult to predict the overall environmental impact; despite the tremendous energy consumption and the substantial usage of solvents, often the yields are indicated in decimals. The ideal alternative solvents suitable for green extraction should have high solvency, high flash points with low toxicity and low environmental impacts, be easily biodegradable, obtained from renewable (non-petrochemical) resources at a reasonable price and should be easy to recycle without any deleterious effect to the environment. Finding the perfect solvent that meets all the aforementioned requirements is a challenging task, thus the decision for the optimum solvent will always be a compromise depending on the process, the plant and the target molecules. The objective of this comprehensive review is to furnish a vivid picture of current knowledge on alternative, green solvents used in laboratories and industries alike for the extraction of natural products focusing on original methods, innovation, protocols, and development of safe products.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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Haupt, Petronella. "Effective solvent extraction of coal and subsequent separation processes." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08282007-113611.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)(Chemical Engineering)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Accompanied by a CD-ROM containing Matlab programs. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.
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Rashid, Salman Ghanem. "Studies on copper extraction with hydroxyoxime extractants for the design of hollow fibre membrane based extraction processes." Thesis, University of South Wales, 1999. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/studies-on-copper-extraction-with-hydroxyoxime-extractants-for-the-design-of-hollow-fibre-membrane-based-extraction-processes(7e631b77-71e2-4d6e-8c03-4636d42f9f69).html.

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This work has included a review of the most relevant aspects of measurement techniques and mathematical models proposed in the literature to assess the equilibrium and mass transfer data of metal extraction by the use of chelating agents. The limitations of these techniques and models have been highlighted. Three chelating extractants diluted in EscaidllO were used to study the extraction equilibrium of copper. The extractants are 5-nonylacetophenone oxime (LIX84®), 5- dodeylsalicylaldoxime (LIX860®) and 50/50 v/v mixture of both oximes (LIX984®). The copper concentration changes in the aqueous and the organic phases were monitored by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Two mathematical models (a chemical model and a semi-empirical model) have been developed in this study to predict the equilibrium data of copper sulfate/hydroxyoxime system. The chemical model was found to fit all the three equilibrium systems (CuSO4/LIX84®, LIX860®and LIX984®) equally. The semi-empirical model based on Freundlich's adsorption equation was also found to fit the three systems but with less accuracy. The mass transfer characteristics and properties of copper extraction and recovery from an aqueous solution using LIX984® were studied using dispersion-based (rising drops) and dispersion-free techniques. In the dispersion-based technique the organic phase was dispersed in form of drops at the tip of hypodermic needle while the aqueous solution was used as a continuous phase. The extraction process was carried out in four different height columns under wide range of conditions. The effects of the columns' height, the dispersed and the continuous phases concentrations on the metal rate of mass transfer were investigated. It has been found in that the metal's rate of mass transfer and system's overall mass transfer coefficient have remained constant in all four columns. A model utilising the two-film theory, some of the dimensionless groups and the experimental results has been proposed in this work to calculate the local mass transfer coefficients in the dispersed phase and the continuous phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient and the calculated local coefficients were used to account for the reaction rate constant at the interface from the sum of the individual resistances to mass transfer. A dispersion-free technique consisting of a microporous hollow fibre module was used in this study to examine the mass transfer properties of the extraction and stripping processes of copper across an immobilised interface system. The extraction and re-extraction (stripping) processes in this system were conducted under a wide range of operating conditions and produced satisfactory results. In general it has been found that counter current flow arrangement gave higher concentration driving forces which were reflected in form higher metal concentrations at the extract phase. A generalised mathematical model was developed in this study which utilised Wilson's method, the experimental data, some dimensionless groups and the two-film theory to account for local resistances and predict the system's overall mass transfer coefficient. A correlation was established first to calculate mass transfer coefficients using a form of Leveque's equation which relates the two phase's physical properties and the system's parameters. The membrane mass transfer coefficient was calculated from the structural properties of the membrane material. While the resistance at the reaction interface was calculated under set of experimental conditions. The individual coefficients were then used to predict the overall mass transfer coefficient under any set of conditions by using the aditivity approach of the individual resistances to mass transfer. However, further checks and investigations are necessary to validate this model over variety of extraction systems and membrane configurations.
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Gordon, Ross John. "Improved mass transport efficiency in copper solvent extraction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5673.

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This thesis considers methods which can be employed to increase the mass of copper transferred into and out of the organic phase during the load and strip stages of commercial solvent extraction processes. Conventional 5-alkylsalicylaldoxime reagents transfer 1 mol of divalent copper per 2 mol of ligand in a neutral complex of the type [Cu(L-H)2] via a pH-swing process. New triacidic ligands have been designed which triple the molar transport of copper to form [Cu3(L-3H)2]. Until recently copper recovery by solvent extraction has been confined to oxidic ores which are leached with sulfuric acid. New leaching technologies generate high tenor copper sulfate feed streams from sulfidic ores. The conventional 5- alkylsalicylaldoxime reagents do not work effectively in conjunction with these leach processes as they do not consume the acid which is generated on loading the oxime. To address this problem ditopic zwitterionic ligands have been designed which can transfer both metal cation and attendant anion. These new metal salt reagents are diacidic, therefore not only transfer metal salts but also increase the molar transport relative to the conventional reagents. Equilibrium-modifiers are often added to improve the mass transport efficiency of conventional solvent extraction processes. The nature of their interaction with the species in solution is poorly understood. This thesis investigates their interaction with the free ligands and copper complexes to gain an understanding of their mode of action in order to rationalise the design of future modifiers to optimise recovery efficiencies. Increased molar transport is addressed in Chapter 2. The diacidic ligand 5- methylsalicylaldehyde-pivaloylhydrazide (L2) and its dinuclear copper complex [Cu2(L2-2H)2] were synthesised and characterised to gain an understanding of their speciation in solution. X-ray structural analysis of [Cu2(L2-2H)2] confirmed that the phenolate oxygen atoms bridge the copper centres rather than the amidato oxygen atoms of the hydrazone. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility data confirm that the copper centres are antiferromagnetically coupled as expected for the Cu-OCu angle (99.6(2)°). An understanding of the coordination geometry of the dinuclear systems lead to design of triacidic ligands. A series of 3-hydrazono- and 3- hydroxyanil- 5-alkylsalicylic acids were synthesised. The prototype ligand 5-methyl 3-octanoylhydrazonosalicylic acid (L6) was demonstrated to triple molar transport and increase mass transport by 2.5 fold. Solvent extraction results indicate that copper is sequentially loaded as pH is increased. The plateaux observed in loading curves suggest formation of stable mono-, di-, and tri-nuclear copper complexes within the pH-ranges 1.75 - 2.75, 3.25 - 4.0 and > 4.25 respectively. The triacidic ligands were also demonstrated to double the molar transport of the conventional salicylaldoximes when used in 1:1 blends by formation of a ternary complex. Chapter 3 describes the incorporation of two tertiary amine groups into diacidic salicylaldehydehydrazone ligands to form dinucleating metal salt extractants. Piperidinomethyl, piperazinomethyl and dihexylamino groups were incorporated into various positions of the ligand including 3- and/or 5- positions of the salicylaldehyde or incorporated into the hydrazone. Solvent extraction results obtained for 3,5- bis((dihexylamino)methyl)salicylaldehyde-octanoic hydrazone (L20) are consistent with transfer of 1 mol of copper sulfate per mol of ligand in the organic phase between pH 2.0 and 2.5. This result is indicative of the formation of [Cu2(L20)2(SO4)2]. Conventional salicylaldoximes are “strong” copper extractants which require concentrated acid electrolyte to efficiently strip the copper from the organic phase. However, as the use of concentrated acid affects the quality of the copper cathodes, oxygen-containing equilibrium modifiers are often added. These facilitate copper stripping without adversely affecting the loading. The affect of 2-ethylhexanol (2- EH) and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) on the extractive ability of 5-toctylsalicylaldoxime (19) in n-heptane is reported. Both are found to decrease copper extraction more under stripping conditions than loading conditions. 2-EH shows little affect at pH greater than 2.5. TOPO does not significantly affect copper loading at pH greater than 3.0. Evidence for the formation of the adduct [Cu(19-H)2)(TOPO)] was obtained from UV/Vis, IR, EPR and sonic spray mass spectrometry.
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Pavón, Regaña Sandra. "Rare earth elements recovery from E-wastes by solvent extraction and supported liquid membrane processes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671107.

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Nowadays, rare earth elements (REEs) have gained importance due to their indispensable and critical use in many high-tech industries like hybrid cars, fluorescent lamps, flat screen televisions, mobile phones, disc drives and wind turbines. Since these metals are needed to supply the required functionality in advanced technologies development and the lack of alternative materials, the REEs recovery from urban mining seems to be promising. Moreover, being the ores mines and their strip mining to REEs production placed in a few specific countries such as China, United States and Australia, the stable supply of such metals is becoming a concern. The absence of economical and operational primary deposits in other territories is making many countries consider the REEs recycling from pre-consumer scrap, industrial residues and end-of­ life products. However, about only 12.5% of e-waste is currently being recycled for all metals due to technological problems, inefficient collection and a lack of incentives and pilot-scale feasible testing to be industrially implemented. In this thesis, different routes to recover and separate these elements from end-of-life products like NdFeB magnets and fluorescent lamps have been developed considering the relevance of these applications in the REEs field and the feasibility of the complete industrial implementation. Regarding NdFeB magnet, it was demonstrated that Nd, the most REE representative component found in magnet wastes, was separated from an Nd/Tb/Dy mixture by using solvent extraction process and intensified processes like liquid membranes in flat sheet configuration. To avoid the inter-step pH conditioning in a continuous industrial process when cationic extractants are used, an ionic liquid such as Primene 81R.Cyanex 572 was proposed in an industrial counter-current extraction process. The results disclosed that two stages were required to separate Nd from the mixture with a purity of 99.7% removing =99% of the initial Tb and Dy. Although both cationic extractants, Cyanex 272 and Cyanex 572, were able to separate the Nd, the transport through the liquid membrane using the former is about 35% slower than using Cyanex 572. Hence, to obtain similar results to those got with Cyanex 572, the membrane area or the working time should be increased when Cyanex 272 is used. REEs from fluorescent lamp wastes were recovered and selectively separated with purities =99.9% by using a process that can be industrially implemented and combines acidic leaching treatments, liquid membranes and cross-flow solvent extraction process. Two successive acidic leachings were needed: (L1) to remove the Ca avoiding its precipitation in following stages of the process and (L2) to recover the REEs present in the waste. Unfortunately, a REEs amount, mainly Y and Eu, was also dragged in the liquid fraction from L1 and these REEs were recovered using Cyanex 923 as carrier by a hollow fibre renewal liquid membrane module. Furthermore, a transport modelling was developed to foresee the permeability coefficient values for Y and Eu depending on the organic solution viscosity and the membrane characteristic parameters. A mathematical modelling was developed using D2EHPA to predict the Y/Eu/Ce mixture extraction behaviour to investigate the optimal separation conditions of the REEs found in the leachate coming from the L2. Once the REEs behaviour was studied in the extraction modelling, the recovery and separation of the REEs were experimentally achieved obtaining purities =99% by four stages cross-flow solvent extraction process using two ionic liquids, Primene 81R.02EHPA and Primene 81R.Cyanex 572. In this sense, REEs recycling processes of both wastes promote potential circular economy based on solutions where a waste is turned into a resource.
Hoy en día, las tierras raras han ganado importancia debido a su uso indispensable y crítico en industrias de alta tecnología. Estos metales son necesarios para el desarrollo de tecnologías avanzadas, lo que hace junto con la falta de materiales alternativos que la recuperación de estos metales de minas urbanas sea prometedora. Por otro lado, las minas y la explotación de este tipo de materiales se encuentran ubicadas en países como China, Estados Unidos y Australia, por lo que el suministro estable de tales metales se está convirtiendo en una preocupación. Ante esta perspectiva, muchos países están considerando seriamente la posibilidad de reciclar tanto los residuos industriales como los productos al final de su vida útil. Sin embargo, en la actualidad sólo se recicla alrededor del 12.5% de los residuos electrónicos, debido principalmente a factores tales como: problemas tecnológicos, ineficiencia en la recolección, falta de incentivos, así como la realización de pruebas viables a escala piloto para su aplicación industrial. En esta tesis se han desarrollado diferentes vías para recuperar y separar estos elementos de productos al final de su vida útil, centrándose principalmente en los imanes de NdFeB y las lámparas fluorescentes, teniendo en cuenta su reciente importancia en el campo de las tierras raras y la viabilidad de la implementación industrial. En los trabajos realizados con imanes de NdFeB, se demostró que el Nd se puede separar de una mezcla de NdfTb/Dy mediante extracción líquido-líquido y procesos más intensivos como las membranas líquidas en configuración de lámina plana. Tratando de evitar el acondicionamiento del pH entre etapas en un proceso industrial continuo usando extractantes catiónicos, se propuso trabajar con un líquido iónico como el Primene 81R.Cyanex 572. Se necesitaron dos etapas en la separación de Nd de la mezcla con una pureza del 99.7%, eliminando = 99% de Tb y Dy inicial a través de un proceso de extracción a contracorriente. El transporte a través de la membrana líquida usando Cyanex 272 fue aproximadamente 35% más lento que usando Cyanex 572. Por lo tanto, el área de la membrana o el tiempo de trabajo debería aumentarse cuando se utiliza el primero para obtener resultados similares a los obtenidos con Cyanex 572. Las tierras raras de los residuos de lámparas fluorescentes se recuperaron y separaron selectivamente con purezas = 99.9% mediante un proceso que puede ser implementado industrialmente y que combina tratamientos de lixiviación ácida, membranas líquidas y extracción de flujo cruzado. Se necesitaron dos tratamientos de lixiviación: (L1) para eliminar el calcio evitando su precipitación en las siguientes etapas del proceso y (L2) para recuperar las tierras raras presentes en los residuos. Desafortunadamente, una cantidad de estos metales, principalmente Y y Eu, también fue lixiviada en L1. Éstos fueron recuperados utilizando un módulo de fibra hueca con renovación de la membrana líquida usando Cyanex 923 como portador. Se desarrolló un modelo de transporte para prever los valores del coeficiente de permeabilidad para Y y Eu dependiendo de la viscosidad de la solución orgánica y de los parámetros característicos del soporte de la membrana. Además, se desarrolló un modelo matemático usando D2EHPA para predecir el comportamiento de extracción de la mezcla Y/Eu/Ce para investigar la extensión de la separación de estos metales presentes en el lixiviado del L2. Una vez estudiado el comportamiento de estas tierras raras, se logró la recuperación y separación obteniendo purezas =99% por medio de un proceso de extracción líquido-líquido de flujo cruzado en cuatro etapas utilizando Primene 81R.02EHPA y Primene 81R.Cyanex 572. En este sentido, los procesos de reciclaje de tierras raras desarrollados para ambos residuos promueven una economía circular potencial basada en soluciones en las que un residuo se convierte en un recurso
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SOARES, PAULO S. M. "Estudo preliminar do fracionamento de terras raras medias e pesadas em grupos com extracao por solventes." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10353.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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FAVARO, DEBORA I. T. "Estudo do comportamento de alguns lantanidios nas extracoes com misturas binarias de acido DI-(2-ETILHEXIL) fosforico (HDEHP) tenoiltrifluoroacetona." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1985. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9843.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Negrete-Virgen, Juan Alejandro. "Manufacture of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy applications : critical comparison of solvent extraction and adsorption-based processes." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288887.

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The biotechnology industry has recently been demanding nanoparticulate products (20-200 nm) such as viruses, plasmids, virus-like particles and drug delivery assemblies. These products are mainly used as gene delivery systems in gene therapy protocols. Adenoviral vectors {Ad) are the most exploited gene therapy vectors in industry worldwide. The :ma.nu.fu.cture of Ad fuces several problems including {i) small volumes of product per batch of cell culture, {ii) inaccurate, time consuming and multifuctor-dependant methods for infectivity determination and (iii) downstream processing. The downstream processing requires methods to purify infective particles :from the contaminants including non-infective particles, partially assembled particles, :free adenoviral components, host cell components and medium components. The solvent extraction method, aqueous two-phase systems {ATPS) and selective chromatography can potentially circumvent such downstream processing problems. ATPS has been applied to the purification of soluble macromolecular products. However, the recovery of nanoparticles represents a practical constraint due to their partition in the interphase. Selective chromatography has been also a method for high performance purification of bioproducts. However, in the context of nanoparticulates, product and contaminants adsorb and desorb (i.e. copurify) under similar mobile phase conditions due to sheared chemistry. In this study, infective Ad were concentrated in the top phase of a polymer-salt ATPS. Additionally, the potential ATPS miniaturisation for scouting experiments was evaluated. The infective Ad were also partially purified exploiting a fluidised bed. In this process, an anionexchange commercial adsorbent laminated with electrophoretic grade neutral agarose was utilised. The porosity of the pellicle was designed to exclude Ad yet fucilitate diffusion of macromolecular components to adsorption sites within the interior of the adsorbent core (subtractive adsorption). Furthermore, a method for monitoring infective Ad with rapid and easy handling by means of flow cytometric analysis was developed. In order to perform the experiments, the Ad production was scaled-up to a 2 L bioreactor. The recovery processes evaluated in this study and conclusion drown will contribute to the recovery of Ad but also could be applied to recover other nanoparticulate bioproducts
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ZARPELON, LIA M. C. "Contribuicao ao estudo da separacao zirconio/hafnio no sistema MIBK-HSCN-HCL." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10423.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Turkington, Jennifer Rachel. "Investigation into the modes of action of extractants for base metal cations and metalate anions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9567.

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This thesis involves the design and development of reagents for the recovery of base metals (specifically zinc, nickel and cobalt) in hydrometallurgical solvent extraction processes. The work aims to demonstrate how ligand design can affectively tune the strength and selectivity of extractants to achieve efficient recovery of the desired base metals. Chapter 1 reviews current solvent extraction processes used in extractive metallurgy, encompassing both the well established technologies developed for sulfate streams as well as those more recently explored for treating chloride streams. Also reviewed, is the nature of the chemical binding involved in the three key modes of extraction; namely cation transport, anion transport and metal salt transport. Chapter 2 summarises the methodologies that have been established during this research for the appropriate testing of these reagents. Chapter 3 deals exclusively with the processing of zinc sulfide ores with an aim to design reagents to achieve concentration and separation of zinc in chloride hydrometallurgical circuits. The amido functionalised reagents that are reported have a common structural feature with ligands that have been previously studied by the Tasker group (Ross J. Ellis Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009). A six membered chelate ring is formed by a protonated amino nitrogen atom and an amido oxygen atom in a sequence of the type R2HN+-CH2-NR-CO-R. This differs from those previously studied which have a sequence of the type R2HN+-CH2-CHR-CO-NR2. The pro-ligands (L) operate via an anion exchange mechanism (Equation 1) whereby two protonated ligands (LH+) coordinate to the outersphere of anionic zinc(II) or iron(III) chloridometalates from acid chloride solutions using both N-H and C-H hydrogen-bond donors. pH dependent solvent extraction experiments have concluded that this reagent series achieves zinc(II) loading with pH0.5 values that are competitive with the previous ligand series (Ross J. Ellis Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009). Chloride concentration dependent solvent extraction experiments have demonstrated that the reagents show an unusually good selectivity for ZnCl4 2- over chloride or FeCl4 - in equilibrium of the type; yLorg + yH+ +MClx y- ⇌ [(LH)yMClx](org) (1) The development of bidentate and tridentate pyrazolone-based pro-ligands for the extraction of nickel and cobalt from mixed metal sulfate streams is considered in Chapters 4 and 5. These reagents (LH) operate via metal cation transport, where an inner-sphere complex of nickel(II) or cobalt(II) is formed with the ligand (L-) see Equation 2. A combination of N, O and S donors has been incorporated into 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4- acylpyrazol-5-ones and their respective 4-acylpyrazolone oximes in order to tune the bidentate ligands (L-) for optimal coordination with nickel(II) or cobalt(II). Substituent effects have also been investigated, by synthesising a series of 1-(2-X-phenyl)-3-methyl-4- acylpyrazol-5-one oximes [X = Cl, H]. Substitution in the 3-position of the phenol group in phenolic oximes has been reported to increase extractant strength for copper by two orders of magnitude (Ross S. Forgan Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008). Similar improvements were not observed in this study. The nature of this effect has been attributed to buttressing of hydrogen-bonds, where the substituent forms a stabilising, bifurcated hydrogen-bond between the oximic hydrogen and the pyrazolonic oxygen. yLHorg + My+ ⇌ [(L)yM]org + yH+ (2) Tridentate analogues of the oxime reagents above have been prepared as imines derived from anilines contained o-O, S or N donor atoms. It was hoped that these would give high spin octahedral nickel(II) complexes in extraction processes. They proved to be weak extractants. Chapter 6 focuses of the development of bidentate pyrazolethiones for the selective extraction of cobalt from manganese in acidic sulfate streams. These reagents have been designed to favour coordination to metals in a tetrahedral geometry as shown by L. Emeleus and A. Smith for copper and zinc (Lucy Emeleus Thesis, University of Edinburgh 1999 and Andrew Smith Thesis, University of Edinburgh 2000).
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SANTOS, JACINETE L. dos. "Recuperacao de ions Eu(III) e de U(VI) de efluentes aquosos utilizando a tecnica de membranas liquido suportadas (MLS) e macrociclicos como agentes extratores." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9379.

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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Books on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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Negrete-Virgen, Juan Alejandro. Manufacture of adenoviral vectors for gene therapy applications: Critical comparison of solvent extraction and adsorption-based processes. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 2003.

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G, Brunner. Gas extraction: An introduction to fundamentals of supercritical fluids and the application to separation processes. Darmstadt: Steinkopff, 1994.

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Luo, Haoqun. The production of food-grade protein isolates from yellow mustard seed by solvent extraction and membrane processng techniques. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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Scovazzo, Paul, Wei-Yin Chen, Lawrence K. Wang, and Nazih K. Shammas. "Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Supercritical Extraction." In Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, 581–614. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_18.

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Allaf, Tamara, Colette Besombes, Valérie Tomao, Farid Chemat, and Karim Allaf. "Coupling DIC and Ultrasound in Solvent Extraction Processes." In Food Engineering Series, 151–61. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8669-5_8.

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Dietz, Mark L., and E. Philip Horwitz. "Combining Solvent Extraction Processes for Actinide and Fission Product Separations." In Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes, 231–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1543-6_18.

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Enokida, Youichi, and Atsuyuki Suzuki. "Application of Laser-Induced Thermal Lens Oscillation to Concentration Control in Solvent Extraction Processes." In Instabilities in Multiphase Flows, 193–204. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1594-8_16.

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Jarvinen, G. D. "Technology Needs for Actinide and Technetium Separations Based on Solvent Extraction, Ion Exchange, and Other Processes." In Chemical Separation Technologies and Related Methods of Nuclear Waste Management, 53–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4546-6_4.

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Lane, Alan M. "Single-Stage Solvent Extraction." In Separation Process Essentials, 279–305. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22271-21.

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Pereira, Carla S. M., and Alírio E. Rodrigues. "Ethyl Lactate Main Properties, Production Processes, and Applications." In Alternative Solvents for Natural Products Extraction, 107–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43628-8_6.

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Koudous, Iraj, Werner Kunz, and Jochen Strube. "Panorama of Sustainable Solvents for Green Extraction Processes." In Green Extraction of Natural Products, 173–236. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527676828.ch6.

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Lane, Alan M. "Mathematical Analysis of Solvent Extraction Columns." In Separation Process Essentials, 307–19. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22271-22.

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Lane, Alan M. "Graphical Design of Solvent Extraction Columns." In Separation Process Essentials, 321–33. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22271-23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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Jia, Peng, Kelvin D. Knorr, and Muhammad Imran. "Advanced Numerical Simulation of Solvent Vapour Extraction (SVX) Processes." In SPE Heavy Oil Conference-Canada. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/165522-ms.

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Hasan, Nusair, and Bakhtier Farouk. "Enhancing Supercritical Fluid Extraction Using Acoustic Excitations." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-88991.

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A computational fluid dynamics model of supercritical fluid extraction of a solute (caffeine) from a fixed bed of porous solid matrix (coffee beans) using a supercritical solvent (carbon dioxide) is developed. The mathematical model is developed considering diffusion-controlled transport in the particle and film mass transfer resistance around the particle. Accurate representations of the transport properties of supercritical carbon dioxide are considered. The conservation equations are numerically solved using an implicit finite volume method. Supercritical fluid extraction of a solute from a solid matrix has a slow dynamics even when solute free solvent is re-circulated and therefore improvements in the mass transfer process are required. The effect of acoustically excited flows on supercritical fluid extraction in a fixed bed extractor is investigated. Harmonically oscillating inlet wall boundary condition is used to model a piezoelectric transducer. The use of acoustic excitation represents a potential efficient way of enhancing mass transfer processes. Application of acoustic excitations at the fundamental frequency of the extractor (f = 996 Hz) increased the overall yield by about 15%. The effects produced by compressions and decompressions, as well as by radiation pressure and streaming contribute to the enhancements.
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Pearson, Jeremy, George Miller, and Mikael Nilsson. "High Linear Energy Transfer Degradation Studies Simulating Alpha Radiolysis of TRU Solvent Extraction Processes." In ASME 2013 15th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2013-96365.

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Treatment of used nuclear fuel through solvent extraction separation processes is hindered by radiolytic damage from radioactive isotopes present in used fuel. The nature of the damage caused by the radiation may depend on the radiation type, whether it be low linear energy transfer (LET) such as gamma radiation or high LET such as alpha radiation. Used nuclear fuel contains beta/gamma emitting isotopes but also a significant amount of transuranics which are generally alpha emitters. Studying the respective effects on matter of both of these types of radiation will allow for accurate prediction and modeling of process performance losses with respect to dose. Current studies show that alpha radiation has milder effects than that of gamma. This is important to know because it will mean that solvent extraction solutions exposed to alpha radiation may last longer than expected and need less repair and replacement. These models are important for creating robust, predictable, and economical processes that have strong potential for mainstream adoption on the commercial level. The effects of gamma radiation on solvent extraction ligands have been more extensively studied than the effects of alpha radiation. This is due to the inherent difficulty in producing a sufficient and confluent dose of alpha particles within a sample without leaving the sample contaminated with long lived radioactive isotopes. Helium ion beam and radioactive isotope sources have been studied in the literature. We have developed a method for studying the effects of high LET radiation in situ via 10B activation and the high LET particles that result from the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction which follows. Our model for dose involves solving a partial differential equation representing absorption by 10B of an isentropic field of neutrons penetrating a sample. This method has been applied to organic solutions of TBP and CMPO, two ligands common in TRU solvent extraction treatment processes. Rates of degradation of TBP and CMPO and their respective degradation products in the presence of high LET radiation are presented and discussed. These results are also compared to gamma studies performed in our lab and other gamma and alpha studies found in the literature. The possible application of this method to a variety of other solvent extraction ligands to study the effects of high LET radiation is also considered.
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Knorr, Kelvin D., and Muhammad Imran. "Solvent Chamber Development in 3D Physical Model Experiments of Solvent Vapour Extraction Processes (SVX) With Various Permeabilities and Solvent Vapour Qualities." In Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/149190-ms.

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Zeng, Fanhua, Kelvin D. Knorr, and Ryan Richard Wilton. "Enhancing Oil Rate in Solvent Vapour Extraction Processes Through Tee-Well Pattern." In International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/117528-ms.

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Kosachev, Igor. "STUDYING THE PROCESSES OF EXTRACTION OF EXTRA-VISCOUS OIL BY HYDROCARBON SOLVENT." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.1/s01.065.

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Nafis, Ghazy Ammar, Perwitasari Yekti Mumpuni, Indarto, and Arief Budiman. "Combination pulsed electric field with ethanol solvent for Nannochloropsis sp. extraction." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938306.

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Splinter, Steven, and Marilena Radoiu. "CONTINUOUS INDUSTRIAL-SCALE MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF HIGH-VALUE INGREDIENTS FROM NATURAL BIOMASS." In Ampere 2019. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9758.

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An innovative technology for the continuous extraction of bioactive compounds from a wide range of biological materials has been developed, scaled up and successfully demonstrated at commercially-relevant scales. The technology, known as MAPTM, or “Microwave-Assisted Process”, robustly transfers from laboratory to continuous, industrial scale operation. In wide-ranging trials, MAPTM has comprehensively demonstrated its ability to outperform many KPIs of conventional extraction processes, while offering biomass throughput, product consistency and low operational costs not attainable by other emerging technologies. Radient’s proprietary continuous-flow MAPTM extractor, Figure 1, was designed for continuous processing of up to 200 kg/h of biomass material. Verification of the mechanical integrity of the system was confirmed by flow testing of biomass / solvent slurries. Testing and verification of the efficiency of microwave energy transfer to the extractor cavity was completed at various microwave power settings using flowing water at 870 kg/h. The microwave energy transfer to the system was verified to be >95 % in each case. As an example of performance, continuous flow MAPTM extraction of the antioxidant SDG from flax biomass was performed using 70 % ethanol / water as the solvent at two different conditions: - 75 kg/h flax / 5 L/kg solvent / 15 kW microwave power / extractor residence time 24 min; - 110 kg/h flax / 5 L/kg solvent / 20 kW microwave power / extractor residence time 16 min. The industrial-scale conditions for these runs were determined by extrapolating from optimized conditions previously obtained from batch lab-scale MAPTM experiments. The continuous flow approach eliminates the requirement for having geometric similarity between scales, i.e the equipment shape and dimensions do not have to scale proportionately.
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Wilson, James A., Jonathan D. Wehking, Mark Trautman, Mark E. Blue, and Ranganathan Kumar. "Modeling Phase Change Heat Transfer of Liquid/Vapor Systems in Free and Porous Media." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-53232.

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Effective Solvent Extraction Incorporating Electromagnetic Heating (ESEIEH) is a relatively new concept that relies on Radio Frequency (RF) heating and solvents to replace steam in current thermal processes for the purpose of extracting bitumen from oil rich sands. The work presented here will further the understanding of the near wellbore flow and phase behavior of the ESEIEH process in order to better predict solvent vaporization dynamics and heat rates delivered to the pay zone. This numerical study details the aspects of phase change of liquid/vapor systems confined in porous media heated by electromagnetic radiation, and approximated by a volumetric heat source term in the energy equation. The objective of this work is to utilize the numerical methodology presented herein to predict liquid penetration depth in a heated isotropic porous matrix to avoid the over-saturation of liquid solvent in the pay zone. Results demonstrate the sensitivity of the liquid solvent penetration depth to the solvent delivery rate and the resulting temperature.
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KOBUS, Zbigniew, Kamil WILCZYŃSKI, Rafał NADULSKI, Leszek RYDZAK, and Tomasz GUZ. "EFFECT OF SOLVENT POLARITY ON THE EFFICIENCY OF ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF POLYPHENOLS FROM APPLE POMACE." In IX International ScientificSymposium "Farm Machinery and Processes Management in Sustainable Agriculture". Departament of Machinery Exploittation and Management of Production Processes, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/fmpmsa.2017.29.

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Reports on the topic "Solvent extraction processes"

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Elliot B. Kennel. Development of Continuous Solvent Extraction Processes for Coal Derived Carbon Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900189.

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Elliot B. Kennel. Development of Continuous Solvent Extraction Processes for Coal Derived Carbon Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/903347.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Dady B. Dadyburjor, Gregory W. Hackett, Manoj Katakdaunde, Liviu Magean, Alfred H. Stiller, Robert C. Svensson, and John W. Zondlo. Development of Continuous Solvent Extraction Processes For Coal Derived Carbon Products. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/895349.

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Dady B. Dadyburjor, Mark E. Heavner, Manoj Katakdaunde, Liviu Magean, J. Joshua Maybury, Alfred H. Stiller, Joseph M. Stoffa, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889650.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Quentin C. Berg, Stephen P. Carpenter, Dady Dadyburjor, Jason C. Hissam, Manoj Katakdaunde, Liviu Magean, Abha Saddawi, Alfred H. Stiller, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878458.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Stephen P. Carpenter, Dady Dadyburjor, Manoj Katakdaunde, Liviu Magean, Madhavi Nallani-Chakravartula, Peter G. Stansberry, Alfred H. Stiller, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/878459.

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Elliot B. Kennel, R. Michael Bergen, Stephen P. Carpenter, Dady Dadyburjor, Manoj Katakdaunde, Liviu Magean, Alfred H. Stiller, W. Morgan Summers, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/883043.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Chong Chen, Dady Dadyburjor, Liviu Magean, Peter G. Stansberry, Alfred H. Stiller, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841141.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Philip L. Biedler, Chong Chen, Dady Dadyburjor, Liviu Magean, Peter G. Stansberry, Alfred H. Stiller, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841142.

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Elliot B. Kennel, Philip L. Biedler, Chong Chen, Dady Dadyburjor, Liviu Magean, Peter G. Stansberry, Alfred H. Stiller, and John W. Zondlo. DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841395.

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