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Journal articles on the topic 'Solvent-free multi-component reactions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Crawford, Deborah E., Clodagh K. Miskimmin, John Cahir, and S. L. James. "Continuous multi-step synthesis by extrusion – telescoping solvent-free reactions for greater efficiency." Chemical Communications 53, no. 97 (2017): 13067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc06010f.

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Herein, we demonstrate that several reactions can be telescoped into a single continuous process and/or be carried out as a continuous multi-component reaction (MCR), by twin screw extrusion (TSE), in the complete absence of solvent.

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2

Gadhave, Anil G., Sanket B. Shirsath, Amol R. Parhad, Bhagwat K. Uphade, and Dilip S. Aute. "Green and efficient synthesis of 2H-indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-triones using PPA-polyborate under solvent-free conditions." INDIAN JOURNAL OF HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 35, no. 02 (2025): 501. https://doi.org/10.59467/ijhc.2025.35.501.

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Polyphosphoric acid (PPA)-polyborate as a solid acid new catalyst was prepared by the reaction between PPA and polyborate. 2H-Indazolo[2,1-b]phthalazine-1,6,11(13H)-triones were synthesized under solvent-free conditions through one-pot tri-component reaction involving substituted aryl aldehydes, phthalhydrazide, and dimedone in the presence of PPA-polyborate catalyst. The main advantages of this study are good to excellent yields, use of less hazardous chemical, shorter reaction times, gentler reaction conditions, reduced chemical waste, increased energy efficiency, environmentally friendly pa

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3

Hossein Nia, Roghayeh, Manouchehr Mamaghani, and Fatame Tavakoli. "Isatin: A key player in multi-component reactions for heterocycle synthesis." Current Chemistry Letters 14, no. 3 (2025): 441–48. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2025.3.007.

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Considering the very important medicinal and biological properties of heterocycles including isatin skeleton, synthesis of isatin-containing compounds has attracted the attention of medicinal and organic chemists, especially researchers involved in the synthesis of heterocycles. The present review focuses on the recent investigation in the synthesis of heterocycles with isatin moiety using isatin derivatives as reaction reactants via multi-component for the period of 2014–2024. The reports were classified according to the conditions of the reactions, which distinguishes this review from simila

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4

Kong, Lingbin, Rong Huang, Haodan He, Yunxiang Fan, Jun Lin, and Shengjiao Yan. "Multi-component solvent-free cascade reaction of 2-cyanoacetamides: regioselective synthesis of pyridin-2-ones bearing quaternary centers." Green Chemistry 22, no. 1 (2020): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc03692j.

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Karimi, Hirbod. "Copper Zirconium Phosphate as an Efficient Catalyst for Multi-component Reactions in Solvent-Free Conditions." Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science 42, no. 1 (2018): 219–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40995-018-0495-y.

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6

Sadeghpour, Mahdieh, and Fatemeh Bagheri. "Novel Synthetic Approach for the Access of Functionalised 4H-Chromenes." Journal of Chemical Research 40, no. 12 (2016): 740–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/174751916x14792153319761.

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A simple, efficient and high-yielding one-pot protocol for the synthesis of novel functionalised 4H-chromenes and chromene carboxylic acids has been developed using multi-component domino coupling reactions of anil-like compounds with 1,3-diketones and indole in the presence of formic acid catalyst under solvent-free conditions. The protocol avoids the use of expensive catalysts, toxic solvents and chromatographic separation.

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7

Mahmoud, Naglaa F. H., and Ahmed M. El‐Saghier. "Multi‐component Reactions, Solvent‐free Synthesis of Substituted Pyrano‐pyridopyrimidine under Different Conditions Using ZnO Nanoparticles." Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 56, no. 6 (2019): 1820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhet.3556.

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8

Kamali, Fatemeh, and Farhad Shirini. "Introduction of Fe3O4@SiO2–ZrCl2-MNPs for the efficient promotion of some multi-component reactions under solvent-free conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 20 (2017): 11778–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01863k.

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In the work, the preparation, characterization and use of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>–ZrCl<sub>2</sub>-MNPs as nano magnetic reagents in the promotion of some multi-component reactions is reported.

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9

Kishore, Ram, Monika Kamboj, and Manisha Shukla. "Triton-B Mediated One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of 3,5 Substituted Tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-Thidiazine-2-Thiones." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (2018): 2878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340627.

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A new-fangled, proficient, one-pot multi component, intramolecular C-S bond formation reaction, mediated by phase transfer catalyst, Triton-B, is described in this paper. The reaction of alkyl/ phenyl amines, CS2 and formaldehyde catalyzed via Triton-B resulted in formation of 3-(Alkyl or aryl methyl),5-(Alkyl or aryl methyl) substituted tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thiones compounds(1a-15a). These compounds (1a-15a) were characterized with the help of elemental analysis, IR, NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. The PTC mediated reactions require mild reaction condition and reduced time pe

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10

Rehman, Nuzhat, Ayaz Mahmood Dar, Raja Feroz Ahmad Haji, et al. "Green and Efficient Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinone Analogues via Hpa-Clay Catalyzed Biginelli Reaction." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 19, no. 1 (2024): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2024.1135.

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This study introduces an environmentally sustainable approach for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs), via the Biginelli reaction. A heterogeneous catalyst, Heteropolyacid-Clay (HPA-Clay), is developed by immobilizing H5PV2W10O40 on Montmorillonite KSF clay. The catalyst exhibits enhanced stability and catalytic efficiency, confirmed through X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Utilizing a one-pot multi-component strategy under solvent-free conditions, various aldehydes, urea or thiourea, and ethylacetoacetate generate DHPMs with excellent yields and

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11

Hamzavi, Seyedeh Fazileh Fazileh, Shahla Jamili, Morteza Yousefzadi, Ali Mashinchian Moradi, and Narges Amrollahi Biuki. "Silver Nanoparticles Supported on Chitosan as a Green and Robust Heterogeneous Catalyst for Direct Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocyclic Compounds under Green Conditions." Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, no. 1 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.2105.51-59.

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The catalytic efficiency of silver nanoparticles supported on chitosan as a green, robust, and efficient nanocatalyst for the direct synthesis of biologically active compounds, such as: imidazole derivatives as well as pyrazine scaffolds through multi-component reactions strategy, have been demonstrated. In this work, imidazole derivatives were achieved via pseudo four-component reactions by utilization of benzaldehydes, benzils, anilines, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. Moreover, pyrazine scaffolds were synthesized through a three-component reaction of phenylenediamine der

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12

Veni, P. Rama Krishna, Ch Vijaya Saradhi, and G. Usha Rani. "Zn(OAc)2•2H2O- Catalyzed Synthesis of Chromeno[2,3-d] Pyrimidinones under Solvent-free Conditions." Current Chemistry Letters 13, no. 4 (2024): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ccl.2024.5.003.

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Due to their high synthetic efficiency, multi-component reactions (MCRs) have shown to be extraordinarily effective at producing compounds in a single synthetic operation. The chromeno[2,3-d] pyrimidine moieties represent important building blocks in synthetic bioactive compounds. The reaction of barbituric acid, aldehydes, and cyclohexane-1,3-diones in the presence of zinc acetate (5 mol%) under neat conditions at 70 0C, yielded a facile and one-pot synthesis of corresponding chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidineones. Thirteen compounds containing neutral, withdrawing and electron donating groups (H, NO2

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13

Aggarwal, Ranjana, Virender Kumar, Anshul Bansal, Dionisia Sanz, and Rosa M. Claramunt. "Multi-component solvent-free versus stepwise solvent mediated reactions: Regiospecific formation of 6-trifluoromethyl and 4-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 140 (August 2012): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.04.007.

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14

Zaharani, Lia, Nader Ghaffari Khaligh, Taraneh Mihankhah, Mohd Rafie Johan, and Nor Aliya Hamizi. "Facile and green synthesis of a series of dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine scaffolds." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 10 (2020): 630–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2020-0145.

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This work presents a new catalytic application of 4,4′-trimethylenedipiperidine for the efficient synthesis of a series of dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. According to the principles of green chemistry, the reaction was performed (a) in a solvent mixture comprised of water and ethanol (1:1 v/v) at reflux temperature and (b) solvent-free grinding in a mortar by a pestle. The organocatalyst could be reused up to 10 runs, and no reduction of catalytic activity was detected. A variety of substituted dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines were obtained in good to excellent yields un

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15

Aggarwal, Ranjana, Virender Kumar, Anshul Bansal, Dionisia Sanz, and Rosa M. Claramunt. "ChemInform Abstract: Multi-Component Solvent-Free versus Stepwise Solvent Mediated Reactions: Regiospecific Formation of 6-Trifluoromethyl and 4-Trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines." ChemInform 43, no. 46 (2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201246175.

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16

Maharani, Seeni, Sundaravel Vivek Kumar, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Anitha Kandasamy, and Raju Ranjith Kumar. "Synthesis of penta- and tetra-cyclic cage-like compounds and dispiro heterocycles through microwave-assisted solvent-free multi-component domino reactions." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 19 (2017): 11009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01673e.

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17

SHI, Feng, Ge ZHANG, Dianxiang ZHOU, et al. "An Unexpected Green and Facile Synthesis of 2,6-Diaryl-4-styrylpyridines via Multi-component Reactions in Microwave-assisted Solvent-free Conditions." Chinese Journal of Chemistry 27, no. 8 (2009): 1569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.200990265.

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18

Abbasi, Maryam, Fariba Zamani Hargalani, Siavash Afrashteh, and Rezvaneh Rostamian. "Bio-Fe3O4-MNPs catalyzed green synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives using isoquinolium bromide salts: study of antioxidant activity." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 97, no. 12 (2019): 848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0167.

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In this research, a novel, one-pot, efficient procedure with high yield for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives using multi-component reaction of isoquinoline, alkyl bromides, and triphenylphosphine in the presence of Fe3O4-MNPs as catalyst under solvent-free conditions at room temperature is investigated. This study highlights an easy, simple, rapid, and clean method for the preparation of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives. The Fe3O4-MNPs in these reactions were produced employing a green procedure by reduction of ferric chloride solution with pomegranate peel water e

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19

Strauss, Christopher R. "A Strategic, 'Green' Approach to Organic Chemistry with Microwave Assistance and Predictive Yield Optimization as Core, Enabling Technologies." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 1 (2009): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch08375.

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Since 1988, we have pursued enabling technologies and methods as tools for ‘green’ synthetic chemistry. The developed technologies comprise hardware including catalytic membranes and continuous and batch microwave reactors that have established global markets, as well as interactive, predictive software for optimization of yields and translation of conditions. New methods include ‘green’ reactions such as a catalytic symmetrical etherification, Pd-catalyzed coupling processes and a multi-component cascade for aniline derivatives. Reactions and workup were facilitated through solvent-free condi

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20

Dương, Công-Thắng, and Xuan Thi Thi Luu. "The ultrasound accelerated solvent-free synthesis of ethyl 7-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate through Biginelli reaction catalyzed by Amberlyst-15." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 3 (2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i3.868.

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Multi-component reactions (MCRs) played an important role to produce complex molecular structures in a one-step process. Among all MCRs reported, Biginelli reaction was one of the most well-known and used in organic synthesis to constitute pyrimidine scaffolds. Therefore, a solvent-free Biginelli reaction of 2-aminothiazole, benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by Amberlyst-15 (A-15) had attracted us to pay attention and to do research in order to highly obtain a desired product, a frame of thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine being present in many active biological compounds. Amberlyst-15, poly

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21

Mousavi-Moghadam, Farah Sadat, and Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh. "Preparation and Characterization of FeCo2O4 Nanoparticles: A Robust and Reusable Nanocatalyst for the Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin- 2(1H)-thiones and Thiazolopyrimidines." Current Nanoscience 15, no. 6 (2019): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413714666180808163714.

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Background:The present research describes a mild and efficient method for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones and thiazolopyrimidine via multi-component reactions using FeCo2O4 nanoparticles. It was found that FeCo2O4 nanoparticles act as a powerful and effective catalyst. The prepared catalyst was characterized by the various spectroscopic techniques.Objective:The three-component reaction of thiourea, aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate was catalyzed by FeCo2O4 nanoparticles. Next, the prepared 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thiones were applied for the preparation of thiaz

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22

El-Lateef, Hany M. Abd, Mohamed Gouda, Mai M. Khalaf, et al. "Pumice as a Novel Natural Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Designation of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones/thiones under Solvent-Free Conditions." Molecules 27, no. 18 (2022): 6044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186044.

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In this study, pumice is used as a novel natural heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones/thiones via the one-pot multi-component condensation of aromatic aldehydes, urea/thiourea, and ethyl acetoacetate or acetylacetone in excellent yields (up to 98%). The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were studied. Their geochemical analysis revealed a basaltic composition. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction showed that it is composed of amorphous materials with clinoptilolite and heulandites zeolite minerals in its pores. Moreover, pumice has a porosity ra

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23

D.T., Biradar, and M. B. Swami Dr. "Synthesis of Schiff's Bases from 2-Amino-4H-1, 3-Oxazine / Thiazine and Substituted Aldehydes and their Transition Metal Complexes." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 04, no. 07 (2021): 677–83. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i7-09.

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Abstract : Objective: Many methods can be found in literature for the synthesis a Oxazines and Thiazines. Few are reported for one-pot multi component cyclo-condensation of an alkayane urea / Thiourea and Aldehyde to 2- amino-4H-1, 3-Oxazines or Thiazines. Different catalysts are reported like Trifluoro-acetic acid, glacial acetic acid under reflux condition Mandal and Co-workers have utilized perchloric acid (HClO4) supported on silica gel as catalyst under solvent free condition ytterbium trifluorate [Yb(OTF)3] plays role of Lewis acid. It is also used in several Diel’s-Alder cyclo-add

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24

Emel, Pelit. "(±)-CSA Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Indeno Naphthopyrans and Tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthen-11-ones Under Ultrasonic Irradiation." Chemical Science International Journal 20, no. 1 (2017): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9734/CSJI/2017/35380.

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<strong>Aims: </strong>This study was designed to synthesis of Naphthopyrans and xanthenes derivatives in green chemistry approach. <strong>Methodology:</strong> New 13-aryl-indeno[1,2-<em>b</em>]naphtha[1,2-<em>e</em>]pyran-12(13<em>H</em>)-ones and tetrahydrobenzo[<em>a</em>]xanthen-11-ones were obtained by multi-component reaction of 2-naphthol, aromatic aldehydes, indane-1,3-dione or 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione in the presence of (±)-camphor-10-sulfonic acid (CSA) catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. <strong>Results:</strong> 13-aryl-indeno[1,2-<em>b</em>]naphtha[1,2-<em>e</em>]pyr

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25

Williams, Haley, Sander Ratso, and Raluca O. Scarlat. "Oxide Speciation and Oxy-Fluoro Complexes in Molten Fluoride Salts." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 57 (2024): 3832. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02573832mtgabs.

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The presence and speciation of oxides are relevant to various engineering applications of molten fluoride salts. Here, our studies are directed toward two primary applications: 1) as coolants, fuel salts, or breeding blankets in advanced fission and fusion reactors, and 2) as the reaction medium for the novel direct synthesis of Li-ion battery cathodes from Li-ores. In an advanced nuclear reactor, oxide might be introduced to the molten fluoride coolant/blanket via ingress of oxygen or moisture from air. Oxygen and moisture act as oxidants, reacting with the metal fluoride to produce metal oxi

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26

Joshi-Kulkarni, Kanchan, Tarulata Chhowala, and Balu Ajalkar. "Microwave Assisted Envirocat EPZ-10 Catalyzed Multi-component Synthesis of 1-Amidoalkyl-2-naphthols." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2021.ajomc-p335.

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Microwave assisted catalytic efficiency of Envirocat EPZ-10 was explored in solvent free green synthesis of 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols by the reaction of aldehyde, 2-naphthol and acetamide. The products formed were characterized by spectroscopic methods such as NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. The merits of developed synthetic method are use of Envirocat EPZ-10 as eco-friendly, reusable and heterogeneous catalysts, solvent-free reaction, shorter reaction time and easy isolation of product.

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M.Heravi, Majid, Vahideh Zadsirjan, Pegah Saedi, and Tayebeh Momeni. "Applications of Friedel-Crafts reactions in total synthesis of natural products." RSC Advances 8, no. 70 (2018): 40061–163. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8RA07325B.

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Over the years, Friedel-Crafts (FC) reactions have been acknowledged as the most useful and powerful synthetic tools for the construction of a special kind of carbon-carbon bond involving an aromatic moiety. Its stoichiometric and, more recently, its catalytic procedures have extensively been studied. This reaction in recent years has frequently been used as a key step (steps) in the total synthesis of natural products and targeted complex bioactive molecules. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of intermolecular and intramolecular FC reactions in the total syntheses of natur

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28

Maleki, Nariman, Zahra Shakarami, Saeid Jamshidian, and Maryam Nazari. "Clean Synthesis of Pyrano[2,3- D]Pyrimidines Using ZnO Nano-Powders." Acta Chemica Iasi 24, no. 1 (2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/achi-2016-0002.

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Abstract ZnO nano-powders were used for the one-pot synthesis of pyrano[2,3- d]pyrimidines via the solvent-free multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid and malononitrile, in good to excellent yields of products.

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Abdollahi-Alibeik, Mohammad, and Ali Moaddeli. "Copper modified spherical MCM-41 nano particles: an efficient catalyst for the three-component coupling of aldehydes, amines and alkynes in solvent-free conditions." RSC Adv. 4, no. 75 (2014): 39759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04253k.

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Cu-MCM-41 nano particles have been shown to effectively catalyze the multi-component synthesis of propargylamines by the reaction of aldehydes, amines, and alkynes (A<sup>3</sup> coupling) effectively at 100 °C under solvent-free conditions.

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Kapil, Bohra, Sharma Deepti, Kumar Banty, E. Olsen Carl, S. Parmar Virinder, and K. Prasad Ashok. "Multi-component one-pot synthesis of novel coumarinyldihydropyridines under solvent free conditions†." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 90, Oct 2013 (2013): 1885–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792091.

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Bioorganic Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007, India <em>E-mail</em> : ashokenzyme@yahoo.com University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark <em>Manuscript received 18 July 2013, accepted 20 July 2013</em> A library of fourteen 4-coumarinyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (coumarinyl-1,4-DHP) has been synthesized under modified Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine synthesis condition by the condensation of 4-formylcoumarin, alkyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in the presence of Ba(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</

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Chavan, Santosh S., Mohsinkhan Y. Pathan та Shafeek A. R. Mulla. "Solvent free one-pot multi-component synthesis of β-azaarene substituted ketones via a Sn-catalyzed C(sp3)–H functionalization of 2-alkylazaarenes". RSC Advances 5, № 125 (2015): 103091–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra20728b.

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A tin-catalyzed solvent free one-pot multi-component cascade reaction strategy for the efficient synthesis of β-azaarene substituted ketones via an aldol–Michael addition/C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H functionalization of 2-alkylazaarenes has been developed.

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Ashokkumar, D., M. Gopalakrishnan, and G. Ramalingam. "Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridine Trimer Derivatives." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 2 (2019): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22339.

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An efficient multi-component one pot synthesis of some novel bioactive 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives from melamine using various aldehydes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds are reported. This reaction carried out microwave irradiation under solvent free condition using low cost and efficient acetic acid catalyst. The excellent futures of this method are eco-friendly, short reaction time and mild reaction condition. This method is convincing route for highly substituted dihydropyridine trimer synthesis. The synthesized dihydropyridine derivatives are screened for antimicrobial properties.

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Roudbaraki, Seyyed Jalal, Morteza Ziyaadini, and Majid Ghashang. "Multi-component Preparation of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines Using Solvent-free and HSBM Techniques." Letters in Organic Chemistry 17, no. 7 (2020): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570178616666190319155522.

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Simple and clean access to pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives using solvent- free and HSBM techniques through the multi-component reaction of 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1Hpyrazol- 5-amine, 1-aryl-2-thiocyanatoethan-1-one and aromatic aldehydes are reported. Using 2-hydroxyethan-1-aminium acetate as an ionic liquid, the product in high yields is obtained.

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Shaikh, Kabeer Ahmed, and Uddhav Nivrutti Chaudhar. "Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Xanthene Derivatives Mediated by Lanthanum(Iii) Nitrate Hexahydrate under Solvent Free Conditions." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 15, no. 2 (2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2020.774.

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The present paper shows that lanthanum(III) nitrate hexahydrate can be used as mild and environment friendly homogeneous catalyst for an efficient one-pot multi-component synthesis of biologically active 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene and 14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives. The solvent free condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes and dimedone or β-naphthol was carried out at 70-80ºC during 10-30 min. The advantages of this eco-friendly synthesis route are numerous, and include the use of an inexpensive catalyst, high to excellent yield, short reaction time and high catalytic activity that c

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Khatri, Chetan K., Deelip S. Rekunge, and Ganesh U. Chaturbhuj. "Sulfated polyborate: a new and eco-friendly catalyst for one-pot multi-component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones via Biginelli reaction." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 12 (2016): 10412–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj03120j.

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A highly efficient and improved synthetic methodology for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives in good to excellent yield via Biginelli reaction of β-ketoesters/β-diketone, urea/thiourea and various aldehydes using new, efficient and recyclable sulfated polyborate catalyst under the solvent-free condition is reported.

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Fareghi-Alamdari, Reza, Mohsen Golestanzadeh, Farima Agend, and Negar Zekri. "Regiospecific, one-pot, and pseudo-five-component synthesis of 6,6′-(arylmethylene)bis(2-(tert-butyl)4-methylphenol) antioxidants using highly sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes under solvent-free conditions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 91, no. 10 (2013): 982–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0160.

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This is the first report of an innovative, one-pot, pseudo-five-component, and solvent-free synthesis of 6,6′-(arylmethylene)bis(2-(tert-butyl)4-methylphenol) antioxidants from p-cresol, methyl tert-butyl ether, and aldehydes in the presence of sulfonated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-SO3H) as heterogeneous, robust, and reusable catalysts under solvent-free conditions. MWCNTs-SO3H was prepared and characterized by some microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectro

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Zare, Abdolkarim, Mohammad Mokhlesi, Alireza Hasaninejad, and Tahereh Hekmat-Zadeh. "Solvent-Free Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-octahydroxanthenes and 14-Aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes using Saccharin Sulfonic Acid as an Efficient and Green Catalyst." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2012): 1854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/596862.

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Saccharin sulfonic acid (SaSA) is utilized as a highly efficient, green and inexpensive sulfonic acid-containing catalyst for the following one-pot multi-component organic transformations: (i) the condensation of dimedone (2 eq.) with aromatic aldehydes (1 eq.) leading to 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes, and (ii) the reaction of 2-naphthol (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) leading to 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes. In these protocols, the title compounds are produced in high to excellent yields and in relatively short reaction times under solvent-free conditions.

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Hatamjafari, Farhad. "An Efficient One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-Ones/Thiones Catalyzed by Bismuth (III) Sulfate Trihydrate under Solvent-Free Conditions." Organic Chemistry International 2014 (March 13, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/761209.

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A convenient and efficient protocol for the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-one/thione derivatives of aldehydes, and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with Bismuth (III) sulfate trihydrate as the catalyst was described. We had the advantages of good performance, simplicity, and short time reaction under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst can be repeatedly reused without loss of its activity.

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Ghodsi, Mohammadi Ziarani. "Green method for the synthesis of indeno[1,2-b]pyridines using Fe3O4@SiO2@Pr-SO3H as nanomagnetic catalyst." Iranian Journal of Catalysis 10, no. 1 (2020): 65–70. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971586.

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The acidic agent (SO<sub>3</sub>H) was stabilized on the silica coated Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles to produce Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@Pr-SO<sub>3</sub>H, as a heterogeneous acidic catalyst, was designed, and then fully studied and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, TGA, DTA, TEM, and SEM analysis. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@SiO<sub>2</sub>@PrSO<sub>3</sub>H was investigated by the one-pot four- component condensation reaction between 1,3-indandione, aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone or propiophenone and ammonium

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Karami, Mostafa, and Abdolkarim Zare. "A highly effective and mild protocol for the production of 1-thioamidoalkyl-2-naphthols using 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium trifluoroacetate as a dual-functional catalyst." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 73, no. 5 (2018): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2018-0001.

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AbstractA solvent-free protocol for the production of 1-thioamidoalkyl-2-naphthols via a one-pot multi-component reaction of arylaldehydes with 2-naphthol and thioacetamide using the ionic liquid 1,3-disulfonic acid imidazolium trifluoroacetate ([Dsim][TFA]) is described. Furthermore, a plausible and attractive mechanism based on the dual functionality of the catalyst is proposed. Because of the dual functionality of [Dsim][TFA] (possessing acidic and basic sites), it is found to be generally highly effective, affording the products in high yields and short reaction times under mild conditions

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Marzouk, Adel A., Antar A. Abdelhamid, Shaaban K. Mohamed, and Jim Simpson. "Morpholinium hydrogen sulfate (MHS) ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bio-active multi-substituted imidazoles (MSI) under solvent-free conditions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 72, no. 1 (2017): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2016-0121.

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AbstractMorpholinium hydrogen sulfate as an ionic liquid was employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of a biologically active series of multi-substituted imidazoles by a four-component reaction involving the combination of benzil with different aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and 1-amino-2-propanol under solvent-free conditions. The key advantages of this method are shorter reaction times, very high yield, and ease of processing. Furthermore, the resulting products can be purified by a non-chromatographic method and the ionic liquid catalyst is reusable. All of these novel compounds hav

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M, Heravi; Majid, S. Sadjadi, and M. Ebrahimizadeh. "Synthesis of Cu@Fur-SBA-15 as a novel efficient and heterogeneous catalyst for promoting A3-coupling under green and mild reaction conditions." Journal of Porous Materials 25, no. 3 (2018): 779–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-017-0491-1.

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A novel and heterogeneous catalyst, Cu@Fur-SBA-15, was designed and synthesized through multi-functionalization of Cl-SBA-15 with thiosemicarbazide and furfural and immobilization of copper species. The hybrid system was then fully characterized by using SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, ICP-AES, TGA and FTIR and applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for promoting three-component A<sup>3</sup>-coupling reaction of alkyne, aldehyde and amine under solvent-free condition at ambient temperature. The results indicated excellent catalytic activity of the catalyst which was superior to many of previously reported pr

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Reddy, Mudumala Veeranarayna, Koteswara Rao Valasani, Kwon Taek Lim, and Yeon Tae Jeong. "Tetramethylguanidiniumchlorosulfonate ionic liquid (TMG IL): an efficient reusable catalyst for the synthesis of tetrahydro-1H-benzo[a]chromeno[2,3-c]phenazin-1-ones under solvent-free conditions and evaluation for their in vitro bioassay activity." New Journal of Chemistry 39, no. 12 (2015): 9931–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj01866h.

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Rahate, Ankita S., Neha A. Shah, Prashant S. Jadhav, Sagar T. Sankpal, and Hemant V. Chavan. "Silicotungstic Acid Catalyzed Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Fused 4H-Pyrimido[2,1-b]thiazoles and 4H-Pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazoles under Solvent-Free Conditions." Asian Journal of Organic & Medicinal Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajomc.2020.ajomc-p236.

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The silicotungstic acid catalyzed microwave assisted synthesis of substituted 4H-pyrimido[2,1- b]thiazole and 4H-pyrimido[2,1-b]benzothiazole derivatives was achieved by one-pot multi-component reaction of 2-aminothiazole or 2-aminobenzthiazole, aldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate under solventfree condition. A simple, rapid and environmental friendly protocol, good yields and easy work-up are some advantages of this protocol. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data.

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Sayahi, Mohammad Hosein, Mahtab Yadollahi, Samir M. Hamad, et al. "Bi Metal–Organic Framework (Ce/Ni–BTC) as Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Green Synthesis of Substituted Chromeno[4, 3–b]quinolone under Solvent Free Condition." Current Organic Synthesis 18, no. 5 (2021): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666210122100240.

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Aims: Novel bi metal organic framework (b–MOF) is synthesized and used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of chromeno[4, 3–b]quinolone derivatives via one-pot and solvent-free, four-component reaction of dimedone, aromatic aldehydes, 4–hydroxycoumarin and ammonium acetate at 110°C. Background: b–MOFs can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of many organic compounds. The active and multi-purpose sites in b–MOFs provide a varied function in their catalytic applications. In this paper, reductive CES method is applied for the synthesis of Ce0.47/Ni0.53–BTC b–MOF. The re

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Arezoo, Pourkazemi, Karami Bahador, and Farahi Mahnaz. "A efficient, regioselective and solvent free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones derivatives in presence nanocatalyst sulfuric acid grafted with silica-3-aminotriazol." Open Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (2024): 032–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000037.

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In this research, SO3H-functionalized Silica grafted 3-amino triazol has been prepared and identified through FT-IR, XRD, EDX, Fe-SEM, and TGA spectra. 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane was first reacted with silica nanoparticles and then treated with 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazoles and grafted finally with chlorosulfonic acid to prepare SiO2@(CH2)3-AT/SO3H (SNPS-AT/SO3H). Afterward, the catalytic efficiency has been investigated as a homogeneous and recyclable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of 5,9-dihydropyrimido[4,5-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6,8(4H,7H)-diones by the one-pot multi-co

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Rao, K. T. V., Hima G. Bindu, and Paul S. Douglas. "Facile multi-component one-pot synthesis of 4-amidoaralkyl-3-hydroxyquinolines using ZnO NPs: Evaluation of anti-bacterial and anti-diabetic activity." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 3 (2022): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2603rjce8593.

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A three-component one-pot synthesis was performed to obtain 4-amidoaralkyl-3-hydroxyquinolines (4a-j), belonging to heterocyclic class of compounds. These derivatives were obtained by the fusion of 3- hydroxyquinoline (1), aromatic aldehydes (2a-j) and amides (3a-j) in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles under solvent free conditions at 40oC temperature. Using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, FTIR spectral techniques and LC-MS analytical technique, the structural and elemental aspects of the derivatives have been confirmed. Higher yields and less reaction time (1.5 h) were the major outcomes of the protocol and f

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König, Gerhard, Frank Pickard, Jing Huang, et al. "A Comparison of QM/MM Simulations with and without the Drude Oscillator Model Based on Hydration Free Energies of Simple Solutes." Molecules 23, no. 10 (2018): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102695.

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Maintaining a proper balance between specific intermolecular interactions and non-specific solvent interactions is of critical importance in molecular simulations, especially when predicting binding affinities or reaction rates in the condensed phase. The most rigorous metric for characterizing solvent affinity are solvation free energies, which correspond to a transfer from the gas phase into solution. Due to the drastic change of the electrostatic environment during this process, it is also a stringent test of polarization response in the model. Here, we employ both the CHARMM fixed charge a

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Mirhosseyni, Marzie Sadat, Firouzeh Nemati, and Ali Elhampour. "A Simple and One-pot Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and Spirooxindoles Catalyzed by H-Fe3O4@DA-SO3H as an Efficient, Light and Reusable Nanocatalyst." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 21, no. 7 (2018): 487–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207321666180817142658.

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Aim and Objective: One of the principles of green chemistry is using inexpensive reagents and catalysts to design green route for synthesis of organic compounds. Recently magnetic nanoparticles have provided a considerable merits. In this study, hollow Fe3O4@Dopamine-SO3H has been successfully applied for the green synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and spirooxindoles via one-pot multi-component reaction. Materials and Methods: Chemical reagents were purchased from Merck and Aldrich. Melting points were determined using an Electrothermal 9100. Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectra were

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Walsh, Darren Anthony. "Paired Electrosynthetic Oxidations Using Multifunctional Ionic Liquids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 53 (2024): 3616. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02533616mtgabs.

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The study of electrochemical oxidations has wide-ranging implications, from the development of new electrocatalysts for fuel cells for energy conversion, to the synthesis of fine chemicals. 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) has been used for decades as a sustainable, metal-free mediator for chemical and electrochemical oxidations. We describe here a novel approach to TEMPO-mediated electrooxidations, in which the chemical input and waste generated during electrooxidations of alcohols are minimized by using a paired flow electrosynthesis in a multi-functional solvent. Our three-prong

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