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1

Spange, Stefan. "Polarity of Organic Solvent/Water Mixtures Measured with Reichardt’s B30 and Related Solvatochromic Probes—A Critical Review." Liquids 4, no. 1 (2024): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids4010010.

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The UV/Vis absorption energies (νmax) of different solvatochromic probes measured in co-solvent/water mixtures are re-analyzed as a function of the average molar concentration (Nav) of the solvent composition compared to the use of the mole fraction. The empirical ET(30) parameter of Reichardt’s dye B30 is the focus of the analysis. The Marcus classification of aqueous solvent mixtures is a useful guide for co-solvent selection. Methanol, ethanol, 1,2-ethanediol, 2-propanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, formamide, N-methylformamide (NMF), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-formylmorpholin
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CHATER, Oumaima, Lahsen EL GHADRAOUI, Ahmed HARRACH, and Smail AAZZA. "Extractive optimization of antioxidants and phenolic compounds from Anacyclus pyrethrum." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 15, no. 4 (2023): 11616. http://dx.doi.org/10.55779/nsb15411616.

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Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Lag. is a Moroccan endemic species well appreciated as a remedy against toothache, digestive disorders, and as a tonic agent for the nervous system. This work aims to select the best solvents for extracting antioxidants and optimize their extraction using a surface mixture design. In this study, eleven solvents with different polarities were screened for their efficiency to extract total phenolic compounds and other molecules endowed with antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and total antioxid
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Chankana, Natawat, Chaowalit Monton, Ornchuma Naksuriya, and Thanapat Songsak. "Optimization of Solvent Mixture for Solubilizing Cannabis Extract Using I-Optimal Design." Journal of Current Science and Technology 15, no. 2 (2025): 98. https://doi.org/10.59796/jcst.v15n2.2025.98.

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Cannabis extract is a poorly water-soluble but alcohol-soluble substance. The development of a cannabis-based oral spray using a high ethanol concentration could cause oromucosal irritation. Finding a suitable solvent mixture to dissolve cannabis extract is challenging. This work aimed to evaluate the solubilization characteristics of cannabis extract in different solvent mixtures commonly used in oral spray formulations. A 0.1 g sample of cannabis extract, obtained through supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction and containing 14.09% cannabidiol and 34.19% ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol, was d
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Khanjar, Jassim Mohammed, and Elham Omidbakhsh Amiri. "Simulation and parametric analysis of natural gas sweetening process: a case study of Missan Oil Field in Iraq." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021033.

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Gas sweetening is one of the important purification processes which is employed to remove acidic contaminants from natural gases prior to meet transport requirements and sale gas specifications. In this work, simulation and parametric studies of the natural gas processing plant of Missan Oil Company/Buzurgan Oil Field of Natural Gas Processing Plant (in Iraq) were considered. After simulation and validation of this plant, the effect of feed temperature and flow rate and solvent concentration were considered. Results show with increasing the feed temperature and flow rate, the amount of H2S and
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Tóth, András József, and Szilvia Schmidt. "Method for Efficient Regeneration of Solvent Mixture: Extractive Heterogeneous-Azeotropic Distillation." Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 15, no. 1 (2021): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2021.15.20.

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Abstract The fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries use large amounts of various organic solvents in their manufacturing processes. By reusing them, production costs can be significantly reduced. If we can regenerate waste solvent mixtures, we have the opportunity to reuse them in the production process or in other production processes. Our study illustrates an efficient regeneration process using the example of a four-component solvent mixture. Calculations were performed in a professional process simulator to demonstrate that the highly non-ideal Water-Ethyl Alcohol-Methyl Ethyl Ketone-
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6

El Seoud, Omar A. "Understanding solvation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 81, no. 4 (2009): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-08-09-27.

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The effects of solvents on different chemical phenomena, including reactivity, spectroscopic data, and swelling of biopolymers can be rationalized by use of solvatochromic probes, substances whose UV-vis spectra, absorption, or emission are sensitive to the properties of the medium. Thermo-solvatochromism refers to the effect of temperature on solvatochromism. The study of both phenomena sheds light on the relative importance of the factors that contribute to solvation, namely, properties of the probe, those of the solvent (acidity, basicity, dipolarity/polarizability, and lipophilicity), and
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7

Journal, Baghdad Science. "Study the spectroscopic characteristics of Rhodamine B Dye in Ethanol and Methanol mixture and Calculation the Quantum Efficiency." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 2 (2012): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.2.352-358.

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The effect of ethanol and methanol solvent, and their mixture has been studied on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of laser dye Rhodamine B at concentration of (10-4) Molar at room temperature. The molar absorption coefficient has been determined for mixture which was (3.223) at wave number (18181.8 cm-1), Also the Quantum Efficiency of the two solvents (ethanol and methanol) and their mixture have been calculated ,which was for mixture spectrum (38.94%) and it was larger comparing with other and solvents. The characteristics of spectrum has been determined by calculating (??) of absorp
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8

Ali, Rafed A., Oday Mazin Abdul-Munem, and Ahmed Naji Abd. "Study the spectroscopic characteristics of Rhodamine B Dye in Ethanol and Methanol mixture and Calculation the Quantum Efficiency." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 2 (2012): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2012.9.2.352-358.

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The effect of ethanol and methanol solvent, and their mixture has been studied on the absorption and fluorescence spectra of laser dye Rhodamine B at concentration of (10-4) Molar at room temperature. The molar absorption coefficient has been determined for mixture which was (3.223) at wave number (18181.8 cm-1), Also the Quantum Efficiency of the two solvents (ethanol and methanol) and their mixture have been calculated ,which was for mixture spectrum (38.94%) and it was larger comparing with other and solvents. The characteristics of spectrum has been determined by calculating (??) of absorp
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9

Jabbari, Mostafa, Magnus Lundin, Saeed Bahadorikhalili, Mikael Skrifvars, and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh. "Finding Solvent for Polyamide 11 Using a Computer Software." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 234, no. 3 (2020): 517–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1299.

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AbstractThe solvent finding step has always been a time-consuming job in chemical-involved processes. The source of difficulty mainly comes from the trial-and-errors, as a repetitive process of chosing solvents and mixing them in different proportions. Computers are good at doing repetitive processes; however, they can only deal with numerical values, rather than qulitative scales. Numerification of qualitative parameters (like solubility) has already been introduced. The most recent one is the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs). Using the HSPs could provide a solvent or solvent-mixture. In o
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10

El Seoud, Omar A., Shirley Possidonio, and Naved I. Malek. "Solvatochromism in Solvent Mixtures: A Practical Solution for a Complex Problem." Liquids 4, no. 1 (2024): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/liquids4010003.

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Many reactions are carried out in solvent mixtures, mainly because of practical reasons. For example, E2 eliminations are favored over SN2 substitutions in aqueous organic solvents because the bases are desolvated. This example raises the question: how do we chose binary solvents to favor reaction outcomes? This important question is deceptively simple because it requires that we understand the details of all interactions within the system. Solvatochromism (solvent-dependent color change of a substance) has contributed a great deal to answer this difficult question, because it gives informatio
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11

Othman, R., G. K. Mun, N. Sinnathamby, S. C. B. Gopinanth, and E. Ekanem. "Compatible organic and natural solvent mixture of synthesising biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2080, no. 1 (2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2080/1/012028.

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Abstract The Flory-Huggins model interaction explained the compatibility and extent of polymer dissolution in selected solvent mixtures via Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP). Metastable zone where nucleation of NPs would start was determined by the solvent mixture – polymer – water interaction. Simulation results explained that the combination of acetone-chloroform (0.20:0.80) was better than acetone-ethyl lactate (0.40:0.60) for PCL solvation while ethyl lactate-dimethyl sulfoxide (0.60:0.40) was better for PLA solvation as compared to ethyl lactate-acetone (0.80:0.20). Nanoprecipitation wit
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12

Gealh, Gustavo, Maynara L. A. Santos, Marcos L. Corazza, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, and Fernando A. P. Voll. "Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cetyl Palmitate in the Presence of n-Hexane and Ethyl Ether." International Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024 (April 4, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4796291.

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Cetyl palmitate was produced by the esterification of palmitic acid with cetyl alcohol using n-hexane and ethyl ether as solvents and a commercial lipase as a catalyst. The effect of solvents to reagents mass ratio (0.5 : 1–3 : 1), percentage of n-hexane in the solvent mixture (0–100%), and reaction temperature (25–55°C) on the reaction rate were evaluated for a fixed amount of enzyme (1 wt% related to the total mass of substrates) in an equimolar mixture of palmitic acid and cetyl alcohol. Temperature and n-hexane percentage in the solvent had positive effects on the reaction rate. The total
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13

Wagemann, Marc, Natalia Radzik, Artur Krzyżak, and Alina Adams. "Screening Metal–Organic Frameworks for Separation of Binary Solvent Mixtures by Compact NMR Relaxometry." Molecules 26, no. 12 (2021): 3481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123481.

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Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have great potential as an efficient alternative to current separation and purification procedures of a large variety of solvent mixtures—a critical process in many applications. Due to the huge number of existing MOFs, it is of key importance to identify high-throughput analytical tools, which can be used for their screening and performance ranking. In this context, the present work introduces a simple, fast, and inexpensive approach by compact low-field proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry to investigate the efficiency of MOF materials for the s
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14

Mohammad Azmin, Siti Nuurul Huda, Nor Alafiza Yunus, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, and Mohd Shukri Mat Nor. "Stability Analysis of Binary Solvent Mixtures for Herbal Phytochemical Extraction." Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable Science (JTRSS) 5, no. 3 (2017): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47253/jtrss.v5i3.657.

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Most of the extraction processes of herbal phytochemicals use solvent mixtures as a phytochemical transfer mediums. It is very important to predict the stability of solvent mixtures before it is used to extract herbal phytochemicals. In order to prevent any disturbance in the herbal extraction, the solvent mixtures must be in a single liquid phase (miscible to each other). In this study, the stabilities of five binary solvents (methanol-water, methanol-ethyl acetate, methanol-acetic acid, methanol-n-propionaldehyde, and methanol-isobutyraldehyde mixtures) that could be used in the current extr
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15

Ramkrishna, Pramanik, and Bagchi Sanjib. "Study of solvation interaction in ethanol + octan-1-ol mixture." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 80, Apr 2003 (2003): 335–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5839610.

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Department of Chemistry, Burdwan University, Burdwan-713 104, India <em>E-mail:</em> bsanjibb@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 20 September 2002</em> Solvation characteristic of 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl)-1-pyridinium phenolate, the indicator solute for the<strong> </strong><em>E</em><sub>T</sub> (30) scale of solvent polarity, has been studied as a function of solvent composition in the temperature range 293-313 K by monitoring the solvatochromic charge transfer band of the solute. The results, indicating preferential solvation of the solute by ethanol, have been analyzed in terms of a
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16

Cavalcanti, Vytória Piscitelli, Smail Aazza, Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci, et al. "Solvent Mixture Optimization in the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities from Garlic (Allium sativum L.)." Molecules 26, no. 19 (2021): 6026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26196026.

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Garlic is a health promoter that has important bioactive compounds. The bioactive extraction is an important step in the analysis of constituents present in plant preparations. The purpose of this study is to optimize the extraction with the best proportion of solvents to obtain total phenolic compounds (TPC) and thiosulfinates (TS) from dried garlic powder, and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the optimized extracts. A statistical mixture simplex axial design was used to evaluate the effect of solvents (water, ethanol, and acetone), as well as mixtures of these solvents, after two ultra
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17

Ahmed, Iqbal, Ani Idris, Muhammad Saad Khan, Sujan Chowdhury, and Junaid Akhtar. "Effect of Acetone on Physical Properties of PES Membrane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 625 (September 2014): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.625.545.

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In the present study, polyethersulfone (PES) dope solution were prepared from mixtures of two solvents containing dimethylformamide (DMF) as core solvent, and acetone as co-solvent (CS), deionized water was used as coagulant bath. The amount of PES was kept at 20 wt% and the weight ratios of acetone were varied 20-24 wt.% to DMF and the dope solutions were prepared under closed heating system Results revealed the complete miscibility of PES with the fixed mixture of acetone and DMF under atmospheric pressure. The relationships between degree of adsorption, relative water absorption, were inves
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18

Maiangwa, Jonathan, Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali, Abu Bakar Salleh, et al. "Lid opening and conformational stability of T1 Lipase is mediated by increasing chain length polar solvents." PeerJ 5 (May 18, 2017): e3341. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3341.

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The dynamics and conformational landscape of proteins in organic solvents are events of potential interest in nonaqueous process catalysis. Conformational changes, folding transitions, and stability often correspond to structural rearrangements that alter contacts between solvent molecules and amino acid residues. However, in nonaqueous enzymology, organic solvents limit stability and further application of proteins. In the present study, molecular dynamics (MD) of a thermostable Geobacillus zalihae T1 lipase was performed in different chain length polar organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, pr
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19

Zakirova, Gulnur, Vladimir Pshenin, Radmir Tashbulatov, and Lyubov Rozanova. "Modern Bitumen Oil Mixture Models in Ashalchinsky Field with Low-Viscosity Solvent at Various Temperatures and Solvent Concentrations." Energies 16, no. 1 (2022): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010395.

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The article analyzes the modern theory and practice of pipeline transport of bituminous oil together with low-viscosity solvent. In addition, a detailed analysis of the rheological models of non-Newtonian fluids is carried out, which establishes a number of assumptions on the rheology model selection algorithm currently in use (limited number of rheological models, variability in model coefficient assignment, etc.). Ways of their elimination are proposed. Dependencies for determination of the dynamic viscosity coefficient of binary oil mixtures are investigated. Calculation of the parameters o
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20

Alade, Olalekan S., Dhafer A. Al Shehri, Mohamed Mahmoud, et al. "Viscosity models for bitumen–solvent mixtures." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 11, no. 3 (2021): 1505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-021-01101-9.

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AbstractViscosity is the resistance of a material to continuous deformation exerted by shear force. High viscosity, which is sometimes greater than 1 million mPa s, at the initial reservoir conditions, is a major challenge to recovery, production, and transportation of bitumen. Addition of organic solvents or diluents with bitumen leads to significant viscosity reduction and forms the basis for the steam/solvent-assisted recovery methods of extra-heavy oil and bitumen. Therefore, modeling and predicting viscosity of bitumen–solvent mixture has become an important step in the development of sol
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Bi, Yan Hong, Zhao Yu Wang, and Xi Rong Zhao. "Enhanced Performance of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase-Catalyzed Regioselective Acylation of 6-Azauridine by a Co-Solvent Approach." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1395.

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A comparative study was made of lipozyme TL IM-catalyzed regioselective acylation of 6-azauridine with vinyl palmitate for the preparation of the 5'-O-monoester in co-solvent mixtures and pure polar solvents. Among the solvent systems investigated, a co-solvent mixture of anhydrous acetone/isooctane was found to be the best reaction medium, in which Lipozyme TL IM also exhibited good thermal and operational stability. It was also found that the acylation was dependent on the hydrophobic solvent content. The most suitable co-solvent was anhydrous acetone/isooctane (90:10, v/v). Under the optima
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22

Jednačak, Tomislav, Aden Hodzic, Otto Scheibelhofer, Marijan Marijan, Johannes G. Khinast, and Predrag Novak. "Fast real-time monitoring of entacapone crystallization and characterization of polymorphs via Raman spectroscopy, statistics and SWAXS." Acta Pharmaceutica 64, no. 1 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acph-2014-0009.

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Abstract Crystallization of the drug entacapone from binary solvent mixtures was monitored in situ using a Raman optical probe. The recorded Raman spectra and statistical analysis, which included the principal components method and indirect hard modeling made it possible to estimate the starting point of crystallization, to assess crystallization temperatures and to provide information on the polymorphic content of the mixture. It was established that crystallization temperatures were proportional to the volume content of the solvent in mixtures. The samples were also evaluated off-line via Ra
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23

Aazza, Smail. "Application of Multivariate Optimization for Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants Extraction from Moroccan Cannabis sativa Waste." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9738656.

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A statistical simplex centroid design methodology was applied to determine the effects of different solvents and their mixtures on the yield, total polyphenol content, 2′2-dipheny-l-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of extracts from the waste of Cannabis sativa. The different extractor solvents (ethanol, methanol, water, and hexane) and their binary and ternary combinations were evaluated. The experimental results and their response surface models showed that the highest TPC yield values occur with the binary interaction between wat
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24

Chantadee, Takorn, Wichai Santimaleeworagun, Yaowaruk Phorom, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Mixed Solvent-Lauric Acid Solvent-Exchange Induced In Situ Forming Gel." Key Engineering Materials 819 (August 2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.195.

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Designing lauric acid (L) solvent-exchange induced in situ forming gel (ISG) was conducted in this study by using mixed solvents (N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), 2-pyrrolidone (PYR) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at different ratios. The pH, density, viscosity, matrix formation, contact angle/surface tension and antimicrobial activities of 50% w/w L in mixed solvents were determined. The pH and density of solvent decreased apparently with L addition. More amount of PYR in the solvent mixture increased the density and viscosity. High viscous manner of PYR resulted in the high surface tension and con
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25

Thakur, Ajay, Monika Verma, Ruchi Bharti, and Renu Sharma. "Recent Advances in Utilization of Deep Eutectic Solvents: An Environmentally Friendly Pathway for Multi-component Synthesis." Current Organic Chemistry 26, no. 3 (2022): 299–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272826666220126165925.

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Abstract: With the increasing analysis of saving the environment, the researchers demonstrated much effort to replace toxic chemicals with environmentally benign ones. Eutectic mixtures are those solvents that fulfill the criteria of green solvents. The synthesis of organic compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries makes it necessary to find unconventional solvents that cause no harmful impact on health parameters. This review showed that using deep eutectic mixture-based solvents to overcome the hazardous effects of harmful volatile organic solvents over the past few years has g
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26

De Brabander, Pieter, Evelien Uitterhaegen, Ellen Verhoeven, Cedric Vander Cruyssen, Karel De Winter, and Wim Soetaert. "In Situ Product Recovery of Bio-Based Industrial Platform Chemicals: A Guideline to Solvent Selection." Fermentation 7, no. 1 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation7010026.

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In situ product recovery (ISPR), in the form of an extractive fermentation process, can increase productivity and product titers in the sustainable production of platform chemicals. To establish a guideline for the development of industrially relevant production processes for such bio-based compounds, a wide screening was performed, mapping the potential of an extensive range of solvents and solvent mixtures. Besides solvent biocompatibility with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, distribution coefficients of three organic acids (protocatechuic acid, adipic acid and para-aminobenzoic acid) and four fra
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27

Gyul’maliev, A. M., A. E. Batov, L. A. Zekel, et al. "Estimation of the Hildebrand Solubility Parameter of a Mixture Solvents of Petroleum Origin from Their Structural Elements." Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils 636, no. 2 (2023): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32935/0023-1169-2023-636-2-32-37.

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The work is devoted to the methodological aspects of estimating the Hildebrand solubility parameter of a mixture of organic solvents using the characteristics of their structural elements. A method is proposed for calculating the solubility parameter for mixtures of solvents that differ in composition and structure depending on the ratio of components. The results of calculations make it possible to predict the optimal composition of solvent mixtures for polymers with a known Hildebrand solubility parameter. The proposed method makes it possible to estimate the solubility parameter of complex
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28

Wrona, Piotr K., Tadeusz M. Krygowski, and Urszula Zielkowska. "Empirical Parameters of Lewis Basicity of Binary Solvent Mixtures, Part II Mixtures with Water." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 44, no. 6 (1989): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1989-0610.

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The Kamlet and Taft basicity parameters βKT, for twelve mixtures of organic solvents with water are reported. Also the data for water-butanols (n-BuOH. i-BuOH. and s-BuOH) and alcohols (MeOH, EtOH. n-PrOH. and i-PrOH)-n-hexane mixtures are given. It was found that in the case of mixtures of 1.4-dioxane. acetone, tetrahydrofuran. dimethylsulfoxide. and acetonitrile with water, the basicity parameters of the mixture are higher than that of pure solvents in a region of smaller concentrations of water.These results, together with earlier reported results for THF and Et2O mixtures with MeOH are dis
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29

Amran, Sorfina, Muhammad Zulhaziman Mat Salleh, Hanee F. Hizaddin, Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi, Ahmad Alhadid, and Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali. "Extraction of Pyrrole from Its Mixture with n-Hexadecane Using Ionic Liquids and Their Binary Mixtures." Molecules 28, no. 24 (2023): 8129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248129.

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The conventional hydrodenitrogenation method is expensive and involves the use of catalysts and harsh procedures. In the last few years, ionic liquids (ILs) have gained attention as a promising alternative solvent for fuel oil extractive denitrogenation. In this work, the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used to screen 173 potential ILs as solvents for fuel oil. Two ILs (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([EMIM][N(CN)2]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([EMIM][MeSO3])) were selected for experimental investigation. The experimental liquid–li
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30

Marijan, Marijan, Anamarija Mitar, Lejsa Jakupović, Jasna Prlić Kardum, and Marijana Zovko Končić. "Optimization of Bioactive Phenolics Extraction and Cosmeceutical Activity of Eco-Friendly Polypropylene-Glycol–Lactic-Acid-Based Extracts of Olive Leaf." Molecules 27, no. 2 (2022): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020529.

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Olive leaf is a rich source of phenolic compounds with numerous activities related to skin health and appearance. In this study, a green extraction method was developed using eco-friendly solvents: polypropylene glycol (PPG), lactic acid (LA), and water. The optimal extraction conditions were established, including solvent, extraction time, technique (magnetic stirrer vs. ultrasound-assisted extraction), and herbal material/solvent ratio. The composition of the solvent mixture was optimized using a mixture design. The content of phenolic compounds, including oleuropein and verbascoside, was de
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Endah, Sulistiawati, Suhendra, Setyawan Martomo, and Herliyati Mahsunah Anis. "Double step method in lipid extraction from biomass Aurantiochytrium sp powder." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 12, no. 4 (2023): 376–83. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i4.pp376-383.

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Aurantiochytrium sp is a marine microalgae that is rich in lipids. Extraction of lipids from microalgae requires effort to select a suitable solvent and extraction method. This research used a double-step extraction method to study a mixture of n-hexane and methanol as a solvent. The variables studied were stirring time, the n-hexane to methanol (H/M) mixture ratio, and the solvent-to-biomass ratio (S/B). This research concluded that an optimum stirring time was 30 min, and a mixture of n-hexane and methanol solvents with a volume ratio of 1:1 is optimum. The optimum solvent-to-biomass ratio w
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Nourozieh, Hossein, Mohammad Kariznovi, and Jalal Abedi. "Measurement and Evaluation of Bitumen/Toluene-Mixture Properties at Temperatures Up to 190?°C and Pressures Up to 10 MPa." SPE Journal 21, no. 05 (2016): 1705–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/180922-pa.

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Summary The viscosity of bitumen and heavy oil is extremely high at both reservoir and surface conditions, on the order of 1 million cp. Therefore, viscosity reduction is necessary for production from the reservoir, pipeline transportation, and oil processing. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of different parameters (temperature, pressure, and solvent-weight fraction) on the density and viscosity of bitumen-containing mixtures. Thus, the density and viscosity of mixtures are measured for a sample of Athabasca bitumen diluted with different fractions of toluene at pressures from
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Budziak-Wieczorek, Iwona, Dominika Kaczmarczyk, Klaudia Rząd, et al. "Cooperativity of ESPT and Aggregation-Induced Emission Effects—An Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of a 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derivative." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 6 (2024): 3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063352.

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4-[5-(Naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]benzene-1,3-diol (NTBD) was extensively studied through stationary UV–vis absorption and fluorescence measurements in various solvents and solvent mixtures and by first-principles quantum chemical calculations. It was observed that while in polar solvents (e.g., methanol) only a single emission band emerged; the analyzed 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative was capable of producing dual fluorescence signals in low polarity solvents (e.g., n-hexane) and certain solvent mixtures (e.g., methanol/water). As clearly follows from the experimental spectrosco
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34

El Seoud, Omar A. "Solvation in pure and mixed solvents: Some recent developments." Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 6 (2007): 1135–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779061135.

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The effect of solvents on the spectra, absorption, or emission of substances is called solvatochromism; it is due to solute/solvent nonspecific and specific interactions, including dipole/dipole, dipole-induced/dipole, dispersion interactions, and hydrogen bonding. Thermo-solvatochromism refers to the effect of temperature on solvatochromism. The molecular structure of certain substances, polarity probes, make them particularly sensitive to these interactions; their solutions in different solvents have distinct and vivid colors. The study of both phenomena sheds light on the relative importanc
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Suliasih, Babay Asih, Surya Geraldi, Hana Yunita Hidayat, Abdul Mun'im, and Eko Aditya Rifai. "Phyllantin Extraction Using Imidazolium Ionic Liquids with Chloride and Bromide Anion by Microwaved Assisted Extraction Method." Chemistry and Materials 2, no. 1 (2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56425/cma.v2i1.47.

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Phyllanthin is known to have therapeutic properties such as immunomodulator, nephroprotective, and anticancer. Phyllanthin is a lignan compound that is commonly found in plants of the Phyllanthus genus, one of which is green meniran (Phyllanthus niruri). Solvent Ionic Liquid (IL) is one of the alternative solvents that are widely used for the extraction of compounds from a plant. The purpose of this study were to compare the extraction yield of philanthine compounds from meniran herbs using IL solvent by Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) with methanol by maceration method, and to determine t
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Huseinović, Edina, Jasmina Dedić, Emina Mehmedović, and Emir Horozić. "Influence of Some Solvents and Solvent Mixtures on Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity of Cinnamomum verum Extracts." International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 26, no. 3 (2025): 95–106. https://doi.org/10.9734/irjpac/2025/v26i3920.

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Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant activity of cinnamon extracts obtained using different solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, water) and their mixtures with water. Additionally, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed to investigate their correlation with antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: Cinnamon extracts were prepared using pure solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone, water) and their mixture with water in different proportions. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of the obtained extracts, were ana
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Tofoli, Rodolfo José, Adriana Luiza Ferreira, Eutímio Gustavo Fernández Núñez, Charles Windson Isidoro Haminiuk, Ciro César Zanini Branco, and Ivanise Guilherme Branco. "Effects of solvent extraction on phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity of the Oedogonium sp. (Chlorophyta) using a simplex-centroid mixture design." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 45 (December 19, 2022): e61471. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v45i1.61471.

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Among the freshwater benthic macroalgae found in Brazilian rivers and streams, species of Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) have shown great ability to produce high biomass in several environmental conditions. Their resilience to eutrophic habitats provides an opportunity to assess the use of Oedogonium biomass for applications in different fields, especially those related to the extraction of biologically active compounds of interest for health, food, and cosmetic applications. Thus, this study assessed the effects of different organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and their mixtures when
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Zuorro, Antonio. "Enhanced Lycopene Extraction from Tomato Peels by Optimized Mixed-Polarity Solvent Mixtures." Molecules 25, no. 9 (2020): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092038.

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Mounting evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that lycopene, the most abundant carotenoid in tomatoes, may be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of some important diseases. Ripe tomato peels are the richest source of lycopene, but the use of conventional solvent extraction methods without pretreatment of the plant material results in very poor recovery. The reason lies in the localization of lycopene in the plant tissue and the low permeability of the latter to solvent molecules. In this paper, a mixture design procedure was used to formulate solvent mixtures allo
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Tucker, Sheryl A., Heather C. Bates, William E. Acree, and John C. Fetzer. "Spectroscopic Investigation of Fluorescence Quenching Agents. Part IV: Selectivity of Nitromethane for Discriminating between Alternant versus Nonalternant Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Solvents of Differing Polarities." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 11 (1993): 1775–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934065993.

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To further assess the applicability of nitromethane as a selective quenching agent for alternant vs. nonalternant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in HPLC analysis, we measured the effect that it has on the fluorescence emission behavior of 96 different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons dissolved in a binary ethyl acetate/acetonitrile solvent mixture. Nitromethane quenching results are compared with previously reported acetonitrile, aqueous/acetonitrile, and toluene/acetonitrile solvent mixtures. Results of these measurements revealed that the “selective quenching” rule is obeyed for the vast m
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Ugwu, K. E., and P. O. Ukoha. "Impacts of Extraction Methods and Solvent Systems in the Assessment of Toxic Organic Compounds in a Solid Matrix." Asian Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ajcps/2016/7523.

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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the listed persistent organic compounds (POP) which are pollutants of environmental concern due to their toxicity. This study evaluated soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction methods using a three-solvent system (acetone+dichloromethane+n-hexane) in order to compare the ability of the techniques to extract selected PAHs in raw coals collected from a coal mine in Okobo-Enjema, Nigeria. Then, binary solvent mixtures consisting of acetone+dichloromethane; dichloromethane+n-hexane; and acetone+n-hexane, were compared with the ternary solvent system for
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Zarogiannis, Theodoros, Athanasios I. Papadopoulos, and Panos Seferlis. "Off-Design Operation of Conventional and Phase-Change CO2 Capture Solvents and Mixtures: A Systematic Assessment Approach." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155316.

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Solvent-based CO2 capture technologies hold promise for future implementation but conventional solvents incur significant energy penalties and capture costs. Phase-change solvents enable a significant reduction in the regeneration energy but their performance has only been investigated under steady-state operation. In the current work, we employed a systematic approach for the evaluation of conventional solvents and mixtures, as well as phase-change solvents under the influence of disturbances. Sensitivity analysis was used to identify the impact that operating parameter variations and differe
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Ngo, Thanh V., Christopher J. Scarlett, Michael C. Bowyer, and Quan V. Vuong. "Isolation and Maximisation of Extraction of Mangiferin from the Root of Salacia chinensis L." Separations 6, no. 3 (2019): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6030044.

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Mangiferin has been reported to exhibit anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective properties. This study aimed to develop an HPLC method to isolate mangiferin from Salacia chinensis L. root; investigate the impact of solvents on yield; optimise the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) technique; and compare mangiferin yield with continuously shaking extraction (CSE) and decoction techniques. The results showed that mangiferin, with a purity of over 88%, could be achieved by HPLC using a mixture of solvent A (water: acetonitrile: orthophosphoric acid, 96.8:3:
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Indu, Saxena, Archna, Devi Rikkam, Kumar Vijay, Gautam Sadhana та Tripathi Jaya. "Study of the Influence of Alkyl Chain Cation Solvent Interactions on the Slope of ϕv v/s √C Curves in 1, 3-Butanediol-DMF Solvent Mixtures by Apparent Molar Volume Measurements". Chemical Science International Journal 19, № 3 (2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/CSIJ/2017/33860.

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The concept of Frank’s hypothesis (that is the effect of large tetra alkyl ammonium iodides on the solvent structure, especially in the ion – ion and ion – solvent interactions) was found to be not applicable when water was replaced by one of organic solvent. That is, if study involves ion- ion and ion – solvent interactions in 1, 3 – Butane diol – DMF solvent mixture. The densities of these mixture and some adding tetra alkyl ammonium iodide salts solutions at different concentrations (0.02 – 0.14 M) have been determined at 298.15 K using Magnetic Float Densitometer technique. The apparent mo
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44

Burmistrova, Daria A., Vladimir V. Kuzmin, Nadezhda T. Berberova, and Ivan V. Smolyaninov. "N-METHYLPYRROLIDONE – SELECTIVE SOLVENT FOR OXIDATIVE DESULFURIZATION OF LIGHT GASOLINE FRACTIONS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 12 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196212.6027.

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The extraction of various sulfur-containing compounds occurring in the oil and condensate fractions using solutions based on N-methylpyrrolidone was studied. The extracts can later be used in the organic/electrochemical synthesis of valuable organosulfur compounds. By the example of a model mixture, the solvent is shown to be selective to various classes of organic sulfur compounds: thiols, mono-, di-, and trisulfides. It is established that the solvent exhibits the greatest affinity to aromatic sulfur compounds. The extraction degree increases from mono- to di- and trisulfide. In the case of
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Niftullayeva, S. A., Y. V. Mamedova, and I. G. Mamedov. "Deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol as selective extractants for the recovery of aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum acids from model fuel." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 14, no. 1 (2024): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/achb.907.

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The study set out to extract various types of hydrocarbons from model fuels using deep eutectic solvents based on glycerol. These solvents were synthesised by mixing glycerol as acting as a hydrogen bond donor with ammonium chloride or triethylammonium acetate [tea] [AcO]- acting as a hydrogen bond acceptor at room temperature in a volume ratio of 1:6. A mixture of n-decane and n-hexadecane was selected as components of the model fuel. For the extraction of mixtures of benzene, ethylbenzene (5%), p-, m-, o-cresol, fluorenone (3.5%) and petroleum acids (25%), these deep eutectic solvents were u
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46

Le, Hong Nhung, Choonho Lee, Woochul Jung, and Juyoung Kim. "Effect of the Solvent Type on the Colloidal Stability and the Degree of Condensation of Silica Sols Stabilized by Amphiphilic Urethane Acrylate and the Properties of Their Coating Films." Coatings 13, no. 12 (2023): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13121997.

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The colloidal stability of silica O-I hybrid sols that have a high degree of condensation could result in the formation of a hard coating film on a substrate, which could depend on the properties of solvents used in the sol–gel reaction. In this study, the effect of the solvent type on the colloidal stability and degree of condensation of the silica sols was investigated by preparing various silica O-I hybrid sols using different solvent mixtures composed of various aprotic and protic solvents in the presence of amphiphilic urethane acrylate. Silica sols prepared using the appropriate aprotic–
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47

Catalán, Javier, Cristina Díaz, and Francisco García-Blanco. "Characterization of binary solvent mixtures: the water–acetonitrile mixture." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 1, no. 3 (2003): 575–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b210405a.

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48

Sulistiawati, Endah, Suhendra Suhendra, Martomo Setyawan, and Anis Herliyati Mahsunah. "Double step method in lipid extraction from biomass <i>Aurantiochytrium sp</i> powder." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2023): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v12.i4.pp376-383.

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&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span&gt;Aurantiochytrium sp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; is a marine microalgae that is rich in lipids. Extraction of lipids from microalgae requires effort to select a suitable solvent and extraction method. This research used a double-step extraction method to study a mixture of n-hexane and methanol as a solvent. The variables studied were stirring time, the n-hexane to methanol (H/M) mixture ratio, and the solvent-to-biomass ratio (S/B). This research concluded that an optimum stirring time was 30 min, and a mixture of n-hexane and methanol solvents with a vol
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49

Dangudom, K., W. Khampa, and P. Boonyaras. "Impact of solvent ratio on diphenyl oxalate chemiluminescence." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2431, no. 1 (2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2431/1/012002.

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Abstract This research studied the effect of solvent ratio on chemiluminescence widely applied in glow sticks using dichloromethane and ethyl acetate as solvents. The fluorescent solution, as a mixture of diphenyl oxalate solvent and fluorescent dye rhodamine B, was stimulated by a 405 nanometre laser for fluorescent spectrum measurement before the chemiluminescence experiment. The fluorescent solution concentration and solvent ratio were varied. For the chemiluminescence experiment, diphenyl oxalate was dissolved in the solvents and combined with rhodamine B that interacted with a mixture of
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Yamaguchi, Tsuyoshi, Song-Ho Chong, and Norio Yoshida. "Phase equilibrium of three-component liquid systems composed of water, alcohol, and sodium chloride studied by the reference interaction-site model integral equation theory." Journal of Chemical Physics 158, no. 8 (2023): 084502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0142256.

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A theoretical method for calculating the thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria of a binary liquid mixture using the reference interaction-site model (RISM) integral equation theory, which we had proposed recently, was extended to ternary liquid systems containing salt. A novel dielectric correction of the RISM theory for a mixture of solvents was also proposed. The theory was applied to mixtures composed of water, alcohol, and NaCl, where the alcohol was either methanol or ethanol. The decrease in NaCl solubility with increasing alcohol molar fractions in the solvent was calculated. In
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