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Academic literature on the topic 'Somali National characteristics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Somali National characteristics"
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Tresalti, E., F. Abdulle, and H. Ismail. "Organization of Health Services in Refugee Camps of Somalia: Integrating National Services and International Aid." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, no. 3 (1985): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00065900.
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AbstractThe Somali government has had to deal with serious health problems in the refugee population, especially malnutrition, tubercolosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, and parasitic diseases, arising from changes in environment and living patterns, the process of migration itself, lack of food, and the settlement in special camps. Emergency health plans have therefore been formulated by the Ministry of Health in concert with international agencies, foreign governments, and private aid organizations. An original contribution has been made by the Department of Community Health at the Faculty of Medicine at the National University, in the field of health education and health care. A number of problems were encountered, originating from varying philosophies of intervention and from the particular cultural characteristics of the population. The authors compare their experience with the period of mass resettlement during and after the 1974-75 drought in order to arrive at recommendations for the planning of health services in similar situations.
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Sufa, Diriba, and Urge Gerema. "Investigation Report of cVDPV2 Outbreak in Bokh Woreda of Dollo Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2020 (August 26, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6917313.
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Background. Poliovirus isolates detected in persons or in the environment can fall into three major categories: wild, Sabin and Sabin-like, or vaccine-derived. Detection of wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus may constitute an emergency, which can be categorized as an event that can lead to an outbreak, depending on characteristics of the isolate and the context in which it appears. The aim of the study was investigation report of cVDPV2 outbreak in Bokh woreda of Dollo Zone, Somali regional state, Ethiopia. Methods. A team of experts drawn from different organizations was deployed to Bokh woreda to make detailed field investigation from May 25 to June 17, 2019. By using standard World Health Organization polio outbreak investigation checklist, document review of surveillance, immunization, and clinical data related to the case was made. Key informant’s interview was made to health professionals, managers, parents of case, woreda and kebele leaders, religious leaders, and HEWs related to acute flaccid paralysis outbreak. Result. The notified AFP case was a 39-month-old female from Angalo kebele of Bokh woreda, Dollo Zone. On 19th May 2019, the patient developed high grade fever and was taken to Angalo Health Post on 20th May 2019. As per the examination by a health extension worker, the child had high grade fever and neck stiffness with preliminary diagnosis of meningitis for which ceftriaxone injection was prescribed. Contact sample was taken from three children on 28th May 2019 and 29th May 2019 and was sent to Addis Ababa National Polio Laboratory. All contact stool samples were found to be positive for poliovirus type 2 and referred for sequencing in National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), South Africa, the Regional Polio Reference Laboratory. Conclusion and Recommendation. The clinical presentation of the cases is compatible with poliovirus infection, improving the quality and coverage of supplementary polio immunization activities through proper planning; strict supervision and follow-up can reduce the occurrence of acute flaccid paralysis.
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Abebe, Firew Bekele. "Invasive Lantana camara L. Shrub in Ethiopia: Ecology, Threat, and Suggested Management Strategies." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 7 (June 8, 2018): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n7p184.
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Lantana camara L. is one of the worst invasive alien species that are categorized worldwide. The objective of this review paper was to review the dispersal and threats posed by Lantana camara L. in Ethiopia and based on review results, to suggest management strategies that can bring solutions to the threats posed by the weed. Both biological characteristics of Lantana camara L. and its dispersal agents have contributed to the success of its dispersal. Even though Lantana camara L. is dispersed in other places within Ethiopia, Debrezeit, Dire Dawa, Harar and Somali are the hotspot areas for the weed. Biodiversity and potential agricultural loss, human and animal health problems and infestation in national parks are the identified threats that Lantana camara L. posed within the country. Utilization of Lantana camara L. for various purposes, prevention of its further dispersal into non-infected areas, use of fire, mechanical and biological control and awareness creation are the suggested management strategies that can bring solutions to the threats posed by the weed within the country.
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Warsame, Abdullahi Abdulkarim, Recep Erçin Sönmez, Mohamed Moalim Muse, Ahmed Yusuf Guled, and Orhan Alimoğlu. "Prevalence of cancer related to sociodemographic characteristics and prevention strategies in Mogadishu, Somalia." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 4 (June 18, 2021): 756–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i4.54130.
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Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is estimated to account for 9.6 million death in 2018. Lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach and liver cancers are those most common among men; while breast, colorectal, lung, cervix and thyroid cancers are most frequent types among women.
Objectives: The present study aims to assume a leading role for forthcoming researches to establish a national cancer registry database in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Methodology: This is a retrospective 6-months analysis of cancer patients whose data were achieved from pathology department registries of Liban and Veritas Hospitals in Mogadishu, Somalia.
Results: 126 (M/F: 51 (41.5%) / 75 (59.5%)) patients were included in the study. Esophagus had been recorded as the most frequent site of organ which was diagnosed with cancer (n=74 (58.7%)). Squamous cell carcinoma was recorded to be the most frequent histopathologically confirmed subtype (n=91 (72%), M/F:34/57), which was followed by adenocarcinoma (n=16 (12.7%), M/F:11/5) and sarcoma (n=6 (4.8%), M/F:5/1) consequtively. Majority of both squamous cell carcinoma (n=37 (40.7%)) and sarcoma patients (n=3 (50%)) were >60 years of age, whereas patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma (n=7 (43.75%)) were between 41-50 years of age.
Conclusion: Emphasis should be placed on finding ways to ensure early detection and diagnosis of cancer in Mogadishu, Somalia promptly. That should begin by giving educations to community to raise public awareness, and establishing national cancer registry to reveal up-to date data in order to make risk assessment and coordinate management strategies accordingly.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.756-761
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Eribo, Festus. "Russian Newspaper Coverage of Somalia and the Former Yugoslavia." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 22, no. 1 (1994): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700501784.
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One of the results of the New World Information and Communication Order debate was the invigoration of international communication research on images and coverage of nations in the world media. Specifically, the images of Africa outside the continent became a major research question in Western communication scholarship. The results of these studies contend that several variables such as 1) event characteristics, including deviance, interest, and timeliness; and 2) country characteristics, including economic, political, and cultural significance, proximity and national security, appear to affect the ways one nation is covered by the media of another nation.
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RÄISÄNEN, P. E., H. SOINI, T. VASANKARI, P. W. SMIT, J. P. NUORTI, J. OLLGREN, P. RUUTU, and O. LYYTIKÄINEN. "Tuberculosis in immigrants in Finland, 1995–2013." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 2 (July 2, 2015): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815001508.
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SUMMARYIncreasing immigration from high tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries is a challenge for surveillance and control in Finland. Here, we describe the epidemiology of TB in immigrants by using national surveillance data. During 1995–2013, 7030 (84·7%) native and 1199 (14·4%) immigrant cases were identified. The proportion of immigrant cases increased from 5·8% in 1995 to 32·1% in 2013, consistent with increasing immigrant population (2·1–5·6%) and decreasing incidence of TB in the native population (from 12·1 to 3·5/100 000). TB cases in immigrants were significantly younger, more often female, and had extrapulmonary TB more often than native cases (P< 0·01 for all comparisons); multidrug resistance was also more common in immigrants than natives (P< 0·01). Immigrant cases were born in 82 different countries; most commonly in Somalia and the former Soviet Union/Russia. During 2008–2013, 433Mycobacterium tuberculosisisolates from immigrants were submitted for spoligotyping; 10 different clades were identified. Clades were similar to those found in the case's country of birth. Screening immigrants from high-incidence countries and raising awareness of common characteristics and symptoms of TB is important to ensure early diagnosis and to prevent transmission.
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Mossaad, Nadwa, Jeremy Ferwerda, Duncan Lawrence, Jeremy M. Weinstein, and Jens Hainmueller. "Determinants of refugee naturalization in the United States." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 37 (August 27, 2018): 9175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802711115.
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The United States operates the world’s largest refugee resettlement program. However, there is almost no systematic evidence on whether refugees successfully integrate into American society over the long run. We address this gap by drawing on linked administrative data to directly measure a long-term integration outcome: naturalization rates. Assessing the full population of refugees resettled between 2000 and 2010, we find that refugees naturalize at high rates: 66% achieved citizenship by 2015. This rate is substantially higher than among other immigrants who became eligible for citizenship during the same period. We also find significant heterogeneity in naturalization rates. Consistent with the literature on immigration more generally, sociodemographic characteristics condition the likelihood of naturalization. Women, refugees with longer residency, and those with higher education levels are more likely to obtain citizenship. National origins also matter. While refugees from Iran, Iraq, and Somalia naturalize at higher rates, those from Burma, Ukraine, Vietnam, and Liberia naturalize at lower rates. We also find naturalization success is significantly shaped by the initial resettlement location. Placing refugees in areas that are urban, have lower rates of unemployment, and have a larger share of conationals increases the likelihood of acquiring citizenship. These findings suggest pathways to promote refugee integration by targeting interventions and by optimizing the geographic placement of refugees.
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Säävälä, Minna. "How do Locals in Finland Identify Resident Foreigners." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research, January 1, 2008, 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.45037.
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This study examines the identi? cation by Finns of foreign residents in Finland by analyzing data from a representative sample survey carried out in 2002. When people were asked to name a group of foreigners residing in Finland, the majority ?rst mentioned Somalis, despite the fact that only 4 percent of foreign residents are Somali and 6 percent of foreign-language speakers speak Somali. The general tendency when identifying resident foreigners is to refer primarily to ethnic or national groups; references to status (e.g. refugee, return migrant, guest worker) or religion (e.g. Muslim) are rare in the survey. In terms of ethnicity, identifying foreign residents in Finland is inconsistent, particularly as Russians and Estonians, the two largest groups, are not readily seen as foreign residents. The prevalence of answering Somalis could be considered an outcome of the maximally visible difference between Finns and Somalis. A logistic regression analysis is used to examine whether identifying resident foreigners differs according to socio-economic and educational characteristics, age, gender, region, and attitude towards the number of resident foreigners in Finland. The variables that signi? cantly in? uence the probability of answering Somalis and Russians are the respondents region, age, attitude towards the number of foreign residents in Finland, and to some extent, gender and higher education. Respondents occupational status, vocational education or income does not have a signi? cant impact on the answers. Regional differences appear to be a major factor affecting how foreigners are identi? ed, which shows that although the need to consider resident foreigners as visibly, culturally and linguistically maximally different may be a nearly universal base line for creating difference and identity, identifying foreign residents in Finland is not entirely independent of demographic realities.
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Keles, Esra, Mohamed A. Hassan-Kadle, Marian Muse Osman, Hasan Huseyin Eker, Zeynep Abusoglu, Kursad Nuri Baydili, and Aamir Muse Osman. "Clinical characteristics of acute liver failure associated with hepatitis A infection in children in Mogadishu, Somalia: a hospital-based retrospective study." BMC Infectious Diseases 21, no. 1 (August 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06594-7.
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Abstract Background Hepatitis A is one of the most common infectious causes of acute hepatitis, and currently, a neglected global public health problem necessitating an urgent response in Somalia. Hepatitis A infection and its rare complication of acute liver failure in children are largely based on very limited data. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the Hepatitis A infection and its rare complication of acute liver failure in children in Somalia. Methods This retrospective study was conducted on children aged 0–18 years who were admitted to the pediatric departments of the Somalia Mogadishu-Turkey Training and Research Hospital, Somali, from June 2019 and December 2019. Patients who were tested for hepatitis A infection during the study period and had complete data were included. Children with chronic disease, primary or secondary immunodeficiency, blood transfusion history, and missing data were excluded. Abstracted data including patients' demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory results, ultrasonographic findings, length of hospital stay, clinical course and outcome were retrieved from the hospital database system. Results Of the 13,047 children, 219 were analyzed. Of the 219 Hepatitis A cases, 25 (11%) were diagnosed with pediatric acute liver failure (PALF). The mean age of children with Hepatitis A was 6.7 years. The majority of cases were reported in the 5–9 (39.7%) year age range. Hepatic encephalopathy, length of hospital stay, levels of albumin, and values of PT, aPPT, and INR were significantly higher in children with acute live failure. The presence of cholecystitis and cholecystitis with ascites in the sonographic evaluation were poor prognostic markers for acute liver failure. Conclusions This study revealed hepatitis A virus infection and its related acute liver failure among hospitalized children in Somalia of which 11% had PALF. Hence, the introduction of Hepatitis A vaccination, which is the main public health tool, into the national immunization program, the improvement of hygiene conditions, raising awareness of the disease, and increasing health literacy are necessary to prevent the consequence of the Hepatitis A virus in children.
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Geleto, Ayele, Catherine Chojenta, Tefera Taddele, and Deborah Loxton. "Association between maternal mortality and caesarean section in Ethiopia: a national cross-sectional study." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20, no. 1 (October 6, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03276-1.
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Abstract Background Several studies concluded that there is a reduction of maternal deaths with improved access to caesarean section, while other studies showed the existence of a direct association between the two variables. In Ethiopia, literature about the association between maternal mortality and caesarean section is scarce. This study was aimed to assess the association between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in hospitals in Ethiopia. Methods Analysis was done of a national maternal health dataset of 293 hospitals that accessed from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Hospital specific characteristics, maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates were described. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the direction of association between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rate, taking regions into consideration. Presence of a linear association between these variables was declared statistically significant at p-value < 0.05. Results The overall maternal mortality ratio in Ethiopian hospitals was 149 (95% CI: 136–162) per 100,000 livebirths. There was significant regional variation in maternal mortality ratios, ranging from 74 (95% CI: 51–104) per 100,000 livebirths in Tigray region to 548 (95% CI: 251-1,037) in Afar region. The average annual caesarean section rate in hospitals was 20.3% (95% CI: 20.2–20.5). The highest caesarean section rate of 38.5% (95% CI: 38.1–38.9) was observed in Addis Ababa, while the lowest rate of 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2–6.2) occurred in Somali region. At national level, a statistically non-significant inverse association was observed between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates. Similarly, unlike in other regions, there were inverse associations between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in Addis Ababa, Afar Oromia and Somali, although associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions At national level, a statistically non-significant inverse association was observed between maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates in hospitals, although there were regional variations. Additional studies with a stronger design should be conducted to assess the association between population-based maternal mortality ratios and caesarean section rates.
Books on the topic "Somali National characteristics"
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Ignacio Gutiérrez de Terán Gómez-Benita. Somalia: Clanes, islam y terrorismo internacional. [Madrid]: Los Libros de la Catarata, 2007.
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