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Journal articles on the topic 'Somali Participation'
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Liempt, Ilse Van, and Gery Nijenhuis. "Socio-Economic Participation of Somali Refugees in the Netherlands, Transnational Networks and Boundary Spanning." Social Inclusion 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v8i1.2434.
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<p>In this article we analyse the socio-economic participation of Somali refugees in the Netherlands. Unemployment is higher among Somalis than any other refugee or immigrant group in the Netherlands and they face many obstacles when it comes to social and economic participation. At the same time, they are known for having a strong transnational orientation. We were interested to learn whether and, if so, how Somalis use their transnational networks to overcome obstacles on the Dutch labour market and how boundaries around formal labour markets are negotiated in order to access employment and to participate. We did so by focusing on two strategies employed to participate, namely through Somali organizations in the Netherlands and elsewhere, and by Somalis moving to the UK. In doing so, we looked at Somalis’ ability to span boundaries to create opportunities. The concept of transnational networks is helpful in understanding Somalis’ daily realities, but conceptually it does not seem to fit entirely as these networks usually only refer to connections with the ‘homeland.’ We argue that Somalis’ boundary-spanning activities move beyond national levels and involve various scales, sites, and settings. The data we refer to are derived from focus group discussions with 66 Somali people in Amsterdam and 20 interviews with experts who work with the Somali community in the Netherlands. These discussions and interviews were held in 2013–14. We also draw on 20 interviews with Somali organizations in the Netherlands about their transnational orientation, which were conducted between 2010 and 2013 in the context of another research project.</p>
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Jama, Abdinasir Hersi, Dawood A. Y. Al-Hidabi, Suhailah Hussien, and Mohamed Ridhuan Abdullah. "Influence of Curriculum and Demographic Factors on Somali Students’ Civic Outcomes." IIUM Journal of Educational Studies 8, no. 1 (October 7, 2020): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/ijes.v8i1.305.
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Somalia is one of the most fiercely divided countries in the world. The people of Somalia face an identity crisis as they have more than one identity (i.e., clan, national, and religious). In addition to this, the development of good Somali citizens is impeded by the absence of a nation to belong to, as there are clan-based states, a lack of clarity as to whether the nation serves the needs of individuals or clans, and an absence of a feeling of obligation towards the nation. These various issues have led to an imperative need to explore how education as a whole and the curriculum, specifically, can build good Somali citizens with a sense of national identity and a participative attitude. Therefore, the current study investigated whether curriculum can be a panacea for the above-mentioned issues. A total of 400 Somali students in their final year of secondary education participated in this study in a cross-sectional survey. The data were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The study found that formal curriculum is a statistically significant contributor to civic development, and is potentially influential in building good citizenship and a national identity in students, hence paving the way for their progressive civic participation in the future. In addition, non-formal curriculum significantly influenced two out of three civic outcomes, i.e., national identity and civic participation. Male and female Somali students differed in their notions of national identity and good citizenship, but demonstrated the same level of or tendency for civic participation. Interestingly, parental education did not exercise any significant influence on any of the civic outcomes. Based on the results, the study recommends that a systematic analysis of the Somali education curriculum be conducted to properly assess the richness and depth of its content in relation to the required standards and coverage of civic education.
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Ali, Muhanad Ahmed, Farah Ahmad, and Marina Morrow. "Somali’s perceptions, beliefs and barriers toward breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening: a socioecological scoping review." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 17, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-06-2020-0059.
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Purpose While there is literature that examines factors associated with low participation in cancer screening among Canadian ethnic groups, there is limited understanding of black visible minorities, particularly Somalis. Thus, the purpose of this study is to synthesize knowledge pertaining to the perceptions, beliefs and barriers of Somali women and men toward screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in countries such as Canada. Design/methodology/approach The scoping review methodology was used to search for peer-reviewed articles that explicitly examined perceptions, beliefs and barriers among Somalis toward screening for breast, cervical and colorectal cancers in developed countries. The following electronic databases were searched without time frame restrictions, namely, OVID Medline, Embase, CINHAL, PubMed, Scopes and ProQuest. A total of 402 peer-reviewed articles were identified and screened. Three articles were identified through reference list screening (one eligible) and consultation with experts in the networks (two eligible). In total, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria for synthesis. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the selected articles for key themes and the synthesis was informed by the socio-ecological model. Findings The majority of studies originated from the USA and focused primarily on Somali women and cervical cancer screening. Themes that emerged from the literature include individual-level negative experiences and socio-cultural perceptions/beliefs; community-level barriers in cancer screening; and systemic challenges in navigating the health-care system. Many of the studies focused on individual and community-level determinants of cancer screening, with little attention to systemic level determinants. Other gaps identified include factors influencing Somali men’s low participation in cancer screening; limited studies on colorectal cancer and Somali women; and specific cancer-screening barriers faced by Somalis within the Canadian context. Originality/value The findings of the review reveal multiple cancer screening challenges for Somali communities and the gained insights should inform both health and social care practitioners and policymakers.
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Mohamud, Maimuna. "Women, Piety and Political Representation." Hawwa 14, no. 2 (September 8, 2016): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692086-12341297.
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The aftermath of violent conflict provides opportunities for fresh debates about gender politics. In sub-Saharan Africa, several post-conflict states have introduced constitutional reforms and quotas to promote women’s participation in government. Yet, women’s political representation in Somalia is a matter that goes beyond the hotly-debated gender quotas which are often championed by international donors and other peacebuilding actors. In post-war Somalia, women believe that the question of political representation is closely linked to the recognition of women’s ongoing contributions to society. For many women, the contemporary post-war Islamic discourses in Somalia have eroded some rights previously guaranteed—if imperfectly—by the pre-war state. Such discourses today have also constructed a new ideal version of Somali women in an Islamic society which largely dispossesses them from public life. In this article, I highlight Somali women’s forms of activism which are centered on engaging Islamic discourses in an attempt to change current perceptions about women’s roles in politics and public life. I examine women’s narratives for insights into the root causes of women’s exclusion and the strategies used to resist, counter, and challenge oppositional Islamic discourses. I conclude by considering how women’s ‘unorganized’ movements across Somalia—premised on working within a framework of Islam, are suggestive of multifaceted expressions of women’s agency in patriarchal and non-liberal contexts.
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Idehen, Esther E., Anni Virtanen, Eero Lilja, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Tellervo Korhonen, and Päivikki Koponen. "Cervical Cancer Screening Participation among Women of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin Compared with the General Finnish Population: A Register-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 28, 2020): 7899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217899.
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Migrant-origin women are less prone to cervical screening uptake compared with host populations. This study examined cervical cancer screening participation and factors associated with it in the Finnish mass screening program during 2008–2012 in women of Russian, Somali and Kurdish origin compared with the general Finnish population (Finns) in Finland. The study population consists of samples from the Finnish Migrant Health and Well-being Study 2010–2012 and Health 2011 Survey; aged 30–64 (n = 2579). Data from the Finnish screening register linked with other population-based registry data were utilized. For statistical analysis we employed logistic regression. Age-adjusted screening participation rates were Russians 63% (95% CI: 59.9–66.6), Somalis 19% (16.4–21.6), Kurds 69% (66.6–71.1), and Finns 67% (63.3–69.8). In the multiple-adjusted model with Finns as the reference; odds ratios for screening were among Russians 0.92 (0.74–1.16), Somalis 0.16 (0.11–0.22), and Kurds 1.37 (1.02–1.83). Among all women, the substantial factor for increased screening likelihood was hospital care related to pregnancy/birth 1.73 (1.27–2.35), gynecological 2.47 (1.65–3.68), or other reasons 1.53 (1.12–2.08). Screening participation was lower among students and retirees. In conclusion, screening among the migrant-origin women varies, being significantly lowest among Somalis compared with Finns. Efforts using culturally tailored/population-specific approaches may be beneficial in increasing screening participation among women of migrant-origin.
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Thul, Chelsey M., Marla E. Eisenberg, Nicole Larson, and Dianne Neumark-Sztainer. "Physical Activity Patterns Among Somali Adolescents in Minnesota." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 12, no. 9 (September 2015): 1320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0146.
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Background:Little is known about the physical activity patterns of Somali adolescents. This study compared time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participation in specific physical activities among Somali, other Non-Hispanic black and white adolescents.Methods:A subsample of 1,268 adolescents (mean age= 14.6) who completed surveys as part of the EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens) study was included in analyses. Gender-stratified linear and logistic regressions, controlling for body mass index and demographic characteristics, were conducted to estimate mean weekly hours of self-reported MVPA and mean weekly hours and prevalence of engagement in each of 26 physical activities assessed by ethnic/racial group.Results:Somali girls had lower mean MVPA hours than their peers; however, no differences were found for Somali boys. Involvement in most activities was similar for Somali and other groups, but some differences were observed. For example, Somali youth were more likely to play soccer than their same-sex other black peers (boys: 52.4% vs. 20.4%; girls: 34.6% vs. 14.6%; P < .05). Somali girls also engaged in more hours per week of soccer than their black or white peers.Conclusions:Activities for which Somali youth indicated higher involvement may be particularly relevant for culturally-tailored physical activity programming.
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Regilme, Salvador Santino Jr Fulo, and Elisabetta Spoldi. "Children in Armed Conflict: A Human Rights Crisis in Somalia." Global Jurist 21, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 365–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gj-2020-0083.
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Abstract Despite the consolidated body of public international law on children’s rights and armed conflict, why do armed rebel groups and state forces deploy children in armed conflict, particularly in Somalia? First, due to the lack of alternative sources of income and livelihood beyond armed conflict, children join the army due to coercive recruitment by commanders of armed groups. Their participation in armed conflict generates a fleeting and false sense of material security and belongingness in a group. Second, many Somali children were born in an environment of existential violence and material insecurity that normalized and routinized violence, thereby motivating them to view enlistment in armed conflict as morally permissible and necessary for existential survival.
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Spaaij, Ramón, and Hebe Schaillée. "Community-Driven Sports Events as a Vehicle for Cultural Sustainability within the Context of Forced Migration: Lessons from the Amsterdam Futsal Tournament." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 31, 2020): 1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031020.
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Participation in sport can act as a means or context for enhancing the social inclusion of migrants and refugees. Research has examined if and how mainstream sport organizations’ practices of engaging newly arrived migrants and refugees are effective in supporting participation in sustainable and culturally appropriate ways. Little is known, however, about the impact of community-driven sports events on sustainable participation by migrants and refugees. This paper examines this question with an analytical focus on community sustainability and the role of culture in sport event sustainability practices. The authors draw on ethnographic fieldwork with the Amsterdam Futsal Tournament (AFT), a sports event organized by Somali diaspora community members, to consider how event organizers and participants seek to promote cultural sustainability in a diaspora sport context. The fieldwork comprised 49 semi-structured interviews, participant observation before, during and after the event, and digital ethnography of event-related social media. The findings show the importance of cultural sustainability as a driver of community-driven sport sustainability practices, but also indicate how this driver is closely linked to addressing organizational and individual sustainability. The analysis demonstrates how the AFT can serve as a catalyst for the expansion of sport and community events among Somali diaspora communities.
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Castaneda, Anu, Shadia Rask, Tommi Härkänen, Teppo Juntunen, Natalia Skogberg, Mulki Mölsä, Hanna Tolonen, and Seppo Koskinen. "Enhancing Survey Participation among Foreign-Born Populations." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 53 (September 23, 2019): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.74048.
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The Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) is the first large-scale population-based health examination survey among the foreign-born population in Finland, unique also at the European level. It provides information on wellbeing of three major foreign-born groups: Russian, Somali, and Kurdish. In data collection, extra effort was put into reaching the sampled persons (n=3,000), for example by recruiting bilingual personnel to carry out the data collection, reaching participation rates as high as 70%, 51%, and 63%, respectively. A comparison group of the general population was available from a general population survey. The main challenges in fieldwork included reaching sampled persons, supervision of the fieldwork personnel, and special linguistic or cultural needs. Our experiences show that participation rate can be improved by engaging the target groups in all stages of the survey process and using several recruitment strategies, ending up with succeeding in pointing out health inequalities in the population.
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Affi, Ladan. "The Old Men Who Hold Us Back : Clan Elders, Elite Bargaining and Exclusionary Politics." Journal of Somali Studies 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2056-5682/2020/7n2a6.
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In 1962, Hawa Jibril, a poetess and a long-time activist for Somali women‟s rights and political participation, called on fellow women activists to oppose male elders who sought to exclude women from the governance of their country by engaging in activism. In her powerful poem, „the old men who hold us back‟ Hawa exhorted her fellow activists to not let the old men “prevail over us” (Jibril 2008:151). Sixty years later, Somali women continue their resistance against clan-based politics and elders who attempt to hold them back. This paper examines the effects of the political institutionalization of the clans and the ways that it challenges women‟s aspirations to participate in politics. This article is based on research carried out in Puntland (Garowe), Somaliland (Hargeisa and Bur‟o) and Mogadishu; Nairobi, Kenya; and Minneapolis, MN from 2016 - 2018. It asks the following questions: How has the 4.5 power-sharing agreement and the presence of clan elders as gatekeepers in the political system affected Somali women? And in what way have women responded to these obstacles? This research finds that despite the adoption of gender quota, the presence of clan elders and the 4.5 power-sharing agreement both pose significant barriers to women‟s inclusion in politics.
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Pratt, Rebekah, Sharif Mohamed, Wali Dirie, Nimo Ahmed, Sey Lee, Michael VanKeulen, and Sam Carlson. "Testing a Religiously Tailored Intervention with Somali American Muslim Women and Somali American Imams to Increase Participation in Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 22, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-019-00881-x.
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Hanson, Mylène, Marianne Boogaard, and Wolfgang Herrlitz. "“Sometimes Dutch and Sometimes Somali” Children’s Participation in Multicultural Interactions in Dutch Primary Schools." Linguistics and Education 14, no. 1 (March 2003): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0898-5898(03)00009-3.
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Smith-Khan, Laura. "Communicative resources and credibility in public discourse on refugees." Language in Society 48, no. 3 (April 23, 2019): 403–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404519000186.
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AbstractThis article examines how communicative resources affect the construction of credible texts and identities in a public debate on Australia's treatment of a refugee. It centres on two key written statements—one from the Immigration Minister, and another from a Somali refugee. The analysis is divided into four levels, exploring the parties’ respective linguistic, material, identity, and platform resources, and how these impact their statements’ creation and reception, and their participation in discourse creation more generally. The article finds that there are inequalities on all four resource levels that largely undermine the refugee's ability to present a credible text and identity and challenge mainstream discourse on refugees. The article demonstrates how a multi-level analysis of communicative resources can challenge assumptions about participation and uncover inequalities invisible in the prevailing discourse. (Asylum, Australia, communicative resources, discourse, intercultural communication, media, power, refugee)*
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Horst, Cindy. "Implementing the Women, Peace and Security agenda? Somali debates on women’s public roles and political participation." Journal of Eastern African Studies 11, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 389–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2017.1348000.
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Monteith, William, and Shuaib Lwasa. "The participation of urban displaced populations in (in)formal markets: contrasting experiences in Kampala, Uganda." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817721864.
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An estimated 60 per cent of the world’s 17 million refugees currently reside in cities, where they often lack access to financial assistance and legal protection.(1) In their absence, displaced populations depend on participation in formal and, more frequently, informal markets for livelihood generation. However, little is known about how refugees enter these markets, how they fare in relation to host populations and internally displaced persons (IDPs), and how municipal and humanitarian actors might intervene to improve their outcomes. This paper examines the participation of refugee and IDP populations in markets in Kampala – the capital of a country with one of the largest refugee populations in the world. It investigates the experiences of Acholi, Somali and Congolese populations in the paper bead, bitenge fabric and cosmetics markets, respectively. Considerable diversity is found in the experiences of these different populations, relating to their access to basic services, supply chains, and diasporic networks.
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WHITTAKER, HANNAH ALICE. "THE SOCIOECONOMIC DYNAMICS OF THE SHIFTA CONFLICT IN KENYA, c. 1963–8." Journal of African History 53, no. 3 (November 2012): 391–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000448.
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ABSTRACTUsing a set of oral testimonies, together with military, intelligence, and administrative reports from the 1960s, this article re-examines the shifta conflict in Kenya. The article moves away from mono-causal, nationalistic interpretations of the event, to focus instead on the underlying socioeconomic dynamics and domestic implications of the conflict. It argues that the nationalist interpretation fails to capture the diversity of participation in shifta, which was not simply made up of militant Somali nationalists, and that it fails to acknowledge the significance of an internal Kenyan conflict between a newly independent state in the process of nation building, and a group of ‘dissident’ frontier communities that were seen to defy the new order. Examination of this conflict provides insights into the operation of the early postcolonial Kenyan state.
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Birhanu, Yohanis. "Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices and the Role of Public Participation in Jigjiga Town, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia." International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy 3, no. 5 (2015): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20150305.16.
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Olusola, Oladeji. "Health Budgeting at Woreda level and Effect on Access and Quality of Health Services in Somali Region of Ethiopia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.09.01.art013.
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Ethiopia has made a great effort in recent years to improve maternal, newborn, child health outcomes, however, the uptake of services in Somali Region of the country is still very low. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey using qualitative methods, and the participants were key individuals involved in the management of health systems and knowledgeable about on health service delivery in the study sites. The study aimed to explore the budgeting process at the woreda (district) level and its effect on the utilization of equitable quality health services in the region. The woreda health officers determined what is included in the budget of the health facilities without active participation of stakeholders such as health care providers or the community members. Their knowledge and understanding of the planning and budgeting processes varied and little or no support available to them. This suboptimal budgeting process impacts negatively on the quality of health care services being provided, with shortages of essential drugs identified as a major barrier affecting utilization. The need for better budgeting process at the woreda level which could perhaps involve a range of regional level, woreda level and citizen level measures and active participation. This include the implementation of clearer guidelines from regional level, maybe the introduction of standard formulae that ensures that each health centre receives certain percent of overall health budget and specific percentage to be allocated for drugs and supplies and other essential services instead of each woreda official deciding on how much is to allocated arbitrarily.
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Elfadl, Wiam, Eero Lilja, Natalia Skogberg, Katarina Selling, and Anu Castaneda. "The Association between Pre- and Post-Migration Wellbeing Factors with Integration among Russian, Somali, and Kurdish Origin Women in Finland." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 55 (January 11, 2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.95509.
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Pre- and post-migration related factors are likely to influence integration outcomes of migrants. This study aimed to investigate which pre-migration factors (basic education and potentially traumatic experiences) and post-migration wellbeing factors (quality of life and loneliness) are associated with integration outcomes (employment status, language skills, voting, media use, having host country’s native friends, participation inleisure activities) of migrant background men and women. The Finnish Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu) was used, including working-aged adults of Russian, Somali, and Kurdish origin. Each integration outcome was analysed by each predictive factor with logistic regression, separately for the three groups and separately for men and women. The integration outcomes were somewhat differently associated with pre- and post-migration factors in the different groups. All these aspects are important to be taken into account in integration discourse to promote both integration and social wellbeing.
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Krueger, Stephanie. "Norwegian Public Library Language Cafés Facilitate Discourse Between Immigrants and Norwegian-Born Citizens." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 13, no. 1 (March 9, 2018): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29330.
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A Review of:
Johnston, J., & Audunson, R. (2017). Supporting immigrants’ political integration through discussion and debate in public libraries. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 29 May, 1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000617709056
Abstract
Objective – To investigate if conversation-based language cafés in Norway provide a platform for improving communication between immigrants and Norwegian-born citizens, potentially setting the stage for better participation by immigrants in civic dialogues.
Design – Multi-site case study.
Setting – Public libraries in Oslo, Moss, and Horten, Norway.
Subjects – Language café participants (immigrants and Norwegian-born volunteers).
Methods – Participant observation and questionnaires for immigrants (Norwegian, English, Somali, and Arabic language versions) and volunteers (Norwegian language only) who took part in café activities.
Main Results – 64 immigrants (21 in Oslo, 30 in Moss, 13 in Horten) and 31 volunteers (7 in Oslo, 14 in Moss, 10 in Horton) completed questionnaires. Language cafés at all three sites led to informal, respectful discursive interaction between participants. Though each café had a unique set of participants and conversational topics, all cafés enabled immigrants to improve their Norwegian language skills while providing all participants with a place to meet new people, exchange information, and discuss political issues.
Conclusion – Having attended the cafés and improved their knowledge of Norwegian language and culture, immigrants at all three sites were potentially better equipped for future participation in the Norwegian public sphere.
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COOK, JOANNE. "Exploring older women's citizenship: understanding the impact of migration in later life." Ageing and Society 30, no. 2 (August 14, 2009): 253–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x09990195.
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ABSTRACTResearch on the ways in which having been an international migrant in later life shapes the welfare needs, preferences and expectations of non-native older people in rich countries is in its infancy, for both the ageing and migration fields have been slow to examine the experiences of older migrants. This paper focuses upon the welfare citizenship experiences of older women who migrated in later life to England, either as refugees or as post-retirement migrants. It reports findings from interviews and focus groups conducted with black Caribbean, Irish, Chinese and Somali older women migrants in Sheffield, Yorkshire, UK, as part of the Older Women's Lives and Voices Study. The paper explores their experiences of accessing welfare citizenship and the barriers they encountered in accessing mainstream services. In particular, it examines the unequal platform from which older migrants who do not speak English access welfare citizenship rights and services, and assesses the important constraints of discrimination and language differences. Despite the obstacles, the older women participants were actively pursuing their inclusion in welfare rights and services. The paper argues for more recognition of the important enabling role that informal systems of support provided by participation in community or cultural organisations plays in the welfare citizenship and agency of minority ethnic older women.
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Hryhoriev, Valeriy. "The Effect of Sports Club Participation on the Students’ Somatic Health." PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS AND HEALTH CULTURE IN MODERN SOCIETY, no. 4 (2017): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2017-04-46-52.
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Eklöf, Niina, Maija Hupli, and Helena Leino-Kilpi. "Factors related to privacy of Somali refugees in health care." Nursing Ethics 27, no. 2 (July 10, 2019): 514–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733019855748.
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Background: Privacy is one of the key principles in health care and requires understanding of the cultural aspects of patients’ privacy. In Western cultures privacy is focused on the individual, however, in some non-Western cultures, privacy is linked to the collectivism of the community or religion. Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe the factors related to the realisation of privacy of Somali refugees in health care by describing the factors related to the patient, healthcare professional and interpreter. Research design: The data were collected from Somali refugees (N = 29) using a qualitative questionnaire and were analysed by deductive content analysis based on factors related to the patient, healthcare professional and interpreter. Ethical consideration: Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Turku, and research permissions were obtained from all participating institutions. Findings: Factors related to the patient were as follows: privacy was realised when the patient had self-determination; was able to act according to Somali culture; had knowledge and understanding of treatment; and trusted the healthcare professional. Factors related to the healthcare professional were as follows: the healthcare professional was expected to be of the same gender as the patient, act professionally, focus on the health issues, and to have knowledge and understanding of the Somali culture. Factors related to the interpreter were as follows: the presence and Somali background of the interpreter decreased privacy; the interpreter was expected to be of the same gender as the patient; to have competence and to behave professionally. Discussion: Gender congruence, professionalism and caring attitude and common understanding between the Somali patient and Finnish provider increase the privacy of Somali patients. Conclusion: Somali patients’ privacy can be improved by increasing healthcare professionals’ understanding of Somali culture, acknowledging the importance of gender concordance in relation to healthcare professionals and interpreters, and the effect of the presence of the interpreter on patients’ privacy.
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Mohamed, Abdikadir Dubow, and Felix Kiruthu. "Effect of Public Participation on Local Legislation in Banadir Region, Somalia." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. V (October 31, 2019): 305–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3iv.74.
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Public participation plays an important role in the democratization of countries globally. The accomplishment of public participation process is determined by how well it is organized. This study sought to examine the effects of public participation on local legislation in Banadir region of Somalia. The study was guided by the following objectives, to investigate factors that led to public participation, examine the design of public participation mechanism; investigate the process of public participation and analyze the consequences of public participation. The research will employ a descriptive research design. The study population comprised all the stakeholders including the youth, elders, staff employed by the regional government, the clergy, politicians and the non-governmental organizations involved in public participation in Banadir region. Purposive sampling was done to come up with the sample size of the study. Regarding the variance among the target population, where a number of target population involved, the sample size of this study was 130 respondents. Eighty (80) of the respondents were community members including local politicians, clergies, traders, university lecturers, university students, farmers, chiefs and opinion leaders. Twenty (20) of the participants were management staff and heads of national civil labor departments. Thirty (30) respondents were also from the Local community elders who are engaged in public participation programs in Banadir Region. Both secondary and primary data was accessed for the study. Primary data was collected from the identified stakeholders using the questionnaires, while secondary data was obtained from books and journals from Kenyatta University Post Modern Library. The study used two theories: New public management theory and Cornwall’s Theory of Participation that describe the relevance of public participation public development. Data processing and cleaning was done; the descriptive statistics was utilized quantitative data. Statistical tables and graphs was present the result. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. The study found out that the citizen’s attitude has an impact on public participation. When citizens have a positive attitude towards the local legislation services, there are high chances they will participate. The study also found out that public participation design and process have an influence on local legislation. Therefore, the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should come up with various ways of ensuring that all citizens are informed about public participation. The study also recommended that public participation design and process should be improved with the aim of improving public participation.
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Mishra, Santap Sanhari, and Mohamud Mohamed Abdullahi. "Citizens’ Satisfaction with Government in a Highly Corrupt Public Life: Role of Trust in Democracy and Civil Society Participation in Somalia." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 5 (January 16, 2020): 762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619900193.
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Corruption is the biggest obstacle in the way of human development. In a highly corrupt public life, citizens’ satisfaction seems to be a mirage. But can citizens’ satisfaction be possible even if there is less chance of sounding the death knell for corruption? To investigate this, this study examines the mediating effect of trust in democracy and civil society participation in the relationship of corruption and citizens’ satisfaction in the context of Somalia, considered to be the most corrupt country in the world. Using a survey, a total of 205 valid responses from public service users in Somalia were put into confirmatory factor analysis. The empirical results show the partial mediation of civil society participation and trust in democracy; however, civil society participation is more effective than trust in democracy in mediating the relationship of corruption and citizens’ satisfaction, because of less negative indirect effect.
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Stremlau, Nicole. "Constitution-making, media, and the politics of participation in Somalia." African Affairs 115, no. 459 (April 2016): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adw008.
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Manurung, Hendra. "THE PROACTIVE ENGAGEMENT OF OXFAM INTERNATIONAL AS INTERNATIONAL NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (INGO) TO SOLVE SOMALIA FOOD INSECURITY PROBLEM." Jurnal Dinamika Global 2, no. 02 (April 11, 2018): 113–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36859/jdg.v2i02.39.
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Somalia experienced 19 (nineteen) years for food crisis problem since 1992, and reached its peak in 2011. The crisis worsened by long standing conflict in the country combined with climate change, with the result that United Nations declared Somalia to be famine in 2011. The food crisis has driven world�s attention, especially non-governmental organizations concern on humanitarian issues, such as Oxfam International. In 1992, Oxfam International engaged to overcome food crisis and continue sustainable participation in addressing food crisis in 2011. Oxfam International cooperate with the local communities in Somalia by building water sanitation, providing clean water, delivering assistances such as foods, medicines, and also providing cash money. Oxfam International also supports and trains local people, especially farmers in agriculture, so they can produce food. By trained local farmers, it can help produce enough food to feed the population and reduce the possibility of famine in Somalia. The objective of this research is to explain the Oxfam International leading role in doing proactive involvement for humanitarian aids in Africa. The analysis is done based on the role of international non-governmental organization to handling the issue of food security in Somalia. To conclude, Oxfam International has shown meaningful efforts to give long- term impact on solving food insecurity problem in Somalia.
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Musoma, Albert Lusiola. "Military Diplomacy Strategies Applied by AMISOM in Restoration of Peace and Security in the Horn of Africa." African Journal of Empirical Research 2, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51867/ajer.v2i1.5.
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Somalia has a long history of internally inspired terror mainly arising from the threat of terrorism that has threatened both domestic and international interests and has drawn increased military efforts from both African continent partners and China and the United States. The aim to investigate the strategies applied by AMISOM in military diplomacy in the Horn of Africa. The study adopted an exploratory and mixed methods research design. Mixed methods approach allows for investigation of a broader and complex research problem enabling the researcher to utilize more than one approach, both quantitative and qualitative approach of data collection. The study target population entailed AMISOM staff who relevant respondents provided sufficient information to answer the research questions. Currently, AMISOM has 22,000 military troops, 234 police officers and 81 civilians. Moreover, the study equally targeted the Somali civilian population since they were important stakeholders in providing information on the effectiveness of military diplomacy in the country. Thus, the target population comprised 22,315 AMISOM staff and civilian contingent. Out of these, the study sampled 100. Primary data was collected from study respondents by means of a research questionnaire and an interview schedule. The data analysis process involved both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Content analysis was mainly used to analyse the qualitative data and which would be reported normatively. Quantitative research findings were analysed and reported using descriptive statistics, tables, graphs, charts and inferential statistics in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v23). Moreover, the data analysis was structured objectively to address each of the study research questions. This study suffices to demonstrate that AMISOM involvement in Somalia as an act of military diplomacy occasioned by the need to foster peace and regional stability on the horn of Africa region. The study demonstrated AMISOM employs different military diplomacy strategies although at different capacities. From the foregoing, the study points to the need for restructuring of AMISOM’s peace and security architecture to bring out focus and responsiveness to the dynamic nature of the conflict and the enemy. The study recommends the need for further exploration into military diplomacy in Africa, especially given the dearth in empirical literature that is mainly from the West. Following this exploration of the role of military diplomacy in restoring peace and security in the horn of Africa, this study points to research gaps on the influence of civilian component in military diplomacy efforts on peace and security. Further there is need to understand the psychological effects in AMISOM troops participating in military diplomacy efforts in Somalia.
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Westendorp, Mariske, Bruno Reinhardt, Reinaldo L. Román, Jon Bialeki, Alexander Agadjanian, Karen Lauterbach, Juan Javier Rivera Andía, et al. "Book Reviews." Religion and Society 10, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arrs.2019.100113.
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Bielo, James, Materializing the Bible. Digital project. http://www.materializingthebible.com.Casselberry, Judith, The Labor of Faith: Gender and Power in Black Apostolic Pentecostalism, 240 pp., notes, index. Durham, NC : Duke University Press, 2017. Paperback, $25.95. ISBN 9780822369035.Clark, Emily Suzanne, A Luminous Brotherhood: Afro-Creole Spiritualism in Nineteenth-Century New Orleans, 280 pp., notes, index. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2016. Hardback, $34.95. ISBN 9781469628783.Cowan, Douglas E., America´s Dark Theologian: The Religious Imagination of Stephen King, 272 pp., notes, index. New York: NYU Press, 2018. Hardback, $30.00. ISBN 9781479894734.Darieva, Tsypylma, Florian Mühlfried, and Kevin Tuite, eds., Sacred Places, Emerging Spaces: Religious Pluralism in the Post-Soviet Caucasus, 246 pp., illustrations, bibliography, index. New York: Berghahn Books, 2018. Hardback, $90.00. IS BN 9781785337826.Daswani, Girish, Looking Back, Moving Forward: Transformation and Ethical Practice in the Ghanaian Church of Pentecost, 280 pages, figures, notes, index. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015. Paperback, $30.95. ISBN 9781442626584.Giraldo Herrera, César E., Microbes and Other Shamanic Beings, 274 pp., index. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018. Paperback, $99.99. ISBN 9783030100414.Kaell, Hillary, ed., Everyday Sacred: Religion in Contemporary Quebec, 356 pp., figures, notes, index. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2017. Hardback, $110.00. ISBN 9780773550940.Kripal, Jeffrey J., Secret Body: Erotic and Esoteric Currents in the History of Religions, 448 pp., appendix, notes, index. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017. Paperback, $35.00. ISBN 9780226679082.Cabot, Zayin, Ecologies of Participation: Agents, Shamans, Mystics and Diviners, 352 pp., preface, index. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. Hardback, $110.00. ISBN 9781498568159.Lauterbach , Karen, Christianity, Wealth, and Spiritual Power in Ghana, 221 pp., appendix, index. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Paperback, $119.99. ISBN 9783319815299.Liberatore, Giulia, Somali, Muslim, British: Striving in Securitized Britain, 304 pp., figures, index. London: Bloomsbury, 2017. Paperback, $32.50. ISBN 9781350094628.Mansur, Marcia, and Marina Thomé, dirs., The Sound of Bells (O Som dos Sinos), documentary film, Portuguese, 70 min. Estúdio Crua, 2016. $320.00. https://store.der.org/the-sound-ofbells-p1012.aspx.Oosterbaan, Martijn, Transmitting the Spirit: Religious Conversion, Media, and Urban Violence, 264 pp., notes, bibliography, index. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2017. Paperback, $39.95. ISBN 9780271078441.Srinivas, Tulasi, The Cow in the Elevator: An Anthropology of Wonder, 296 pp., notes, references, index. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018. Paperback, $26.95. ISBN 9780822370796.Taneja, Anand Vivek, Jinnealogy: Time, Islam and Ecological Thought in the Medieval Ruins of Delhi, 336 pp., illustrations, notes, references, index. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2018. Paperback, $30.00. ISBN 9781503603936.Wilcox, Melissa M., Queer Nuns: Religion, Activism, and Serious Parody, 336 pp., notes, bibliography, index. New York: NYU Press, 2018. Paperback, $30.00. ISBN 9781479820368.
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Di Marcantonio, Federica, Estefania Custodio, and Yusuf Abukar. "Child Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors Among Children in Somalian IDP Camps." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 1 (March 2020): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119861000.
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Background: Malnutrition and food insecurity are major challenges in Somalia, particularly among small children living in internally displaced person (IDP) camps. Poor diet has been identified as a key driver of malnutrition in young children who depend for their diets on their household’s socioeconomic standing and access to food, as well as on the family’s caring and feeding practices. Objective: To assess the dietary diversity and identify the factors associated with it among children (6-23 months) in Somalian IDP camps. Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey conducted in 11 IDP camps in Somalia in June 2014 and in June 2015. A total of 3188 children aged 6 to 23 months were surveyed. Child diets were assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and dietary diversity was categorized using the minimum child dietary diversity (MDDC) indicator. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the factors associated with the children’s dietary diversity. We built and compared 2 models using alternatively the household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and the food consumption score (FCS) as food security proxies. Results: Around 15% of children in IDP camps reached the minimum dietary diversity. Overall, our results confirm that not only are food security proxies the factors most associated with MDDC, but HDDS performs better than FCS. In addition, results identify that women as key decision-maker in the household, duration of household permanence in the settlement, women’s physiological status, frequency of milk feeding to child, type of toilet, and measles vaccination are positively associated with MDDC. Conclusions: To improve child dietary diversity in IDP camps, food security interventions should be broadened to include female empowerment and inclusive nutrition education (encouraging male participation) programs, as well as initiatives targeting children who do not live with pregnant or lactating women and that can support families beyond the first months after their arrival.
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Holland, Joe. "Canadian courts martial resulting from participation in the UNITAF Mission in Somalia." Journal of International Peacekeeping 1, no. 4 (1994): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187541194x00172.
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Trunov, Ph O. "The Role of G5 Sahel States in German Political-Military Strategy in Africa." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 3 (August 20, 2020): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-3-11.
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The article raises the question of whether German participation in resolving the armed conflict in Mali is a special case or, on the contrary, is a transition to a new political‑military strategy in Africa. In this regard the author issues the key parameters of Bundeswehr`s usage in Africa from 1990‑s until the middle 2010‑s and pays special attention to Somalia. The paper analyzes the features of German military presence evolution there. In comparison with Somalian one the author explores German approach to the resolution of the Malian armed conflict at the period of 2013‑2015 and since 2016. The paper pays attention to the Bundeswehr`s usage in EUTM Mali and MINUSMA missions and the results of this process. The article underlines the huge increase of German military presence since 2016‑2018 in Mali and shows the reasons of this tendency. Considering German activity in Mali, the paper explores its «spillover effect» with the examples of German relations with Algeria and G5 Sahel countries. In this regard the scientific research pays special attention to German bilateral relations with Burkina‑Faso and Niger. The paper underlines that by the beginning of the 2020‑s FRG concentrated its efforts in the African states which belong to traditional sphere of French interests. In the conclusion the author shows the importance of Sahel region for the testing of new German politicalmilitary strategy in Africa.
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Trunov, P. O. "GERMAN PARTICIPATION IN THE STRUGGLE WITH THE INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM AT THE TERRITORY OF SOMALIA." Vestnik RUDN International Relations 17, no. 4 (2017): 710–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2017-17-4-710-726.
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Wanyoike, F., N. Mtimet, N. Ndiwa, K. Marshall, L. Godiah, and A. Warsame. "Knowledge of Livestock Grading and Market Participation among Small Ruminant Producers in Northern Somalia." East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal 81, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00128325.2015.1041261.
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Ouma, George, Farah Mohamed, Gilbert Rithaa, and Mohamed Hassan. "ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION ADVOCACY IN SOMALIA REPORT: GAPS, OPPORTUNITIES AND KEY MESSAGES." Global Journal of Health Sciences 6, no. 2 (September 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/gjhs.1370.
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Purpose: This inception report on the comprehensive assessment through desk reviews and analysis nutrition gaps in policy, political commitment, resource allocation and multi-sectoral coordination to inform the development of guideline and messages. This is as a follow-up of preliminary discussion held and concept agreed with the office of the national coordination for Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN), Somalia housed in the Office of Prime Minister (OPM), Federal Government of Somalia. This summary report presents findings from the assessment and a discussion of methodology, challenges and opportunities. By identifying and contextualizing new findings, nutrition advocacy assessment builds consensus in Somalia with a vision and path ahead for improved nutrition messaging and guidelines that various actors will use of advocacy work.
Methodology: 30 documents were gathered and reviewed, including - national legislation, policies, guidelines, strategies and action plans to assess the inclusion of adolescents and current gaps. Interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders from government, donors, UN, communities and non-governmental institutions in Somalia. The review, analysis and stakeholder interviews assessed the extent to which nutritional aspects were being addressed, any gaps in the policy landscape, commitments, multi-sectoral coordination, advocacy initiatives and recommendations for strengthening the enabling environment.
Findings: It was established that awareness of SUN as a movement in Somalia was rated highly at however participation in SUN activities was very low and was left to nutritionist in the various sector/Institutions. Government has also shown a great political will and commitment to nutrition by ensuring policies and legislative frameworks are sufficient even though multi-sectoral nutrition integration is not optimal to impact desired impact.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: It was recommended that there is need to advocate political and administrative authorities, to further convince them to add nutrition among the top priorities of the governments, translate policies into actions and ensure allocation of funds for nutrition interventions. Also, Government must strongly provide leadership in nutrition policy development, programing and coordination.
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Trunov, Philip O. "The features of participation of Germany in settlement of armed conflicts in Mali and Somalia." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 4 (2018): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2018.04.08.
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Jama, Osman M., Guijian Liu, Abdishakur W. Diriye, Balal Yousaf, Ibrahim Basiru, and Abdulhakim M. Abdi. "Participation of civil society in decisions to mitigate environmental degradation in post-conflict societies: evidence from Somalia." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 9 (February 10, 2020): 1695–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1685957.
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Riha, Johanna, Claudia Abreu Lopes, Naima Abdi Ibrahim, and Sharath Srinivasan. "Media and Digital Technologies for Mixed Methods Research in Public Health Emergencies Such as COVID-19: Lessons Learned From Using Interactive Radio–SMS for Social Research in Somalia." Journal of Mixed Methods Research 15, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558689820986748.
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Radio shows which invite audience participation via short message service (SMS)—interactive radio–SMS—can be designed as a mixed methods approach for applied social research during COVID-19 and other crises in low and middle income countries. In the aftermath of a cholera outbreak in Somalia, we illustrate how this method provides social insights that would have been missed if a purely qualitative or quantitative approach were used. We then examine the strengths and limitations associated with interactive radio–SMS through an evaluation using a multimethod comparison. Our research contributes an application of a mixed methods approach which addresses a specific challenge raised by COVID-19, namely utilizing media and digital technologies for social research in low and middle income countries.
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Skorokhod, Yu. "THE EVOLUTION OF CHINAʼS POSITION ON UN PEACEKEEPING." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 133 (2017): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.133.0.26-39.
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Since the accession of the People’s Republic of China to the UN in 1971, its approach to UN peacekeeping operations underwent significant alterations at least three times: after 1981, 1989/1990 and after 2003. This article examines the peculiarities of China’s approach to UN peacekeeping operations in 1971–1980 as to the tool of interference in the internal affairs of small states exercised by superpowers. The article claims that although Beijing’s approach to participation in UN peacekeeping efforts changed when in 1981 China began to vote on the UN Security Council for extending the mandates of UN current operations and began to pay contributions to the budget for peacekeeping, the evolution of China’s stance towards UN peacekeeping activities in fact became apparent only following the end of the Cold War, when China was able to take part in launching and implementation of the new peacekeeping operations. Beijing’s vision of the settlement of conflicts in the Persian Gulf (1990–1991) and Somalia, which had a significant impact on China’s position on the new trends in the development of UN peacekeeping practices, was also explored in the article. The author provides a thorough analysis of the main features of Chinaʼs stance on the development of theory and practice of UN peacekeeping in 1981–2003 and points out that in contrast to the previous period of 1971–1980 the countryʼs opposition to it was limited but not overwhelming, since China had elaborated its attitude towards peacekeeping in terms of its own national interests but not ideological reasons, in particular because of the need to create favorable external conditions for implementation of domestic reforms. The article also pays much attention to the study of changes which Chinaʼs peacekeeping policy has undergone since 2003 and which were marked by a significant increase in Chinaʼs participation in UN peacekeeping. The author explains the reasons behind reconsideration by the Chinese leadership of the role which UN peacekeeping played in Beijingʼs strategy of foreign policy; the article also defined political and reputational benefits which China derived from participating in UN peacekeeping operations. The conclusion is that Beijingʼs position on UN peacekeeping evolved from vivid obstructionism to active participation because of significant changes in Chinaʼs foreign and security policy and the development of theory and practice of UN peacekeeping in the post-Cold War period. The article proves that the core traits of Chinaʼs policy towards UN peacekeeping are flexibility and pragmatism.
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Elmahly, Hend, and Degang Sun. "China’s Military Diplomacy towards Arab Countries in Africa’s Peace and Security." Contemporary Arab Affairs 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2018.114006.
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China’s security concept is evolving, and its participation in Africa’s Arab countries’ peacekeeping is transforming itself from aloof bystander to active player, and from multilateralism to both multi- and unilateralism. The establishment of China’s logistics base in Djibouti does not signify a sudden change in China’s African foreign policy; instead, change has been gradual and tangible and began with the evolution of China’s participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations, and engagement in Africa’s infrastructure projects, in parallel with China’s increasing global presence. The base serves as a logistics and support facility for Chinese peacekeepers, as well as a naval facility to support anti-piracy missions off the coast of Somalia as part of an international anti-piracy operation. Moreover, the base helps China to ensure its maritime and commercial interests and safeguard Chinese nationals in West Asia and the African continent. However, the United States and the West are concerned with the geopolitical and geoeconomic implications of China’s logistics base in Djibouti. The geography of Djibouti has led to the rising of geopolitical rivalries between the great powers, which may intensify in the coming years.
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Jokovic, Danilo, Dragan Krstic, Zvezdana Stojanovic, and Zeljko Spiric. "Experience of the air medical evacuation team of Serbian armed forces in the united nations mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo - deployment stress and psychological adaptation." Vojnosanitetski pregled 73, no. 2 (2016): 188–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp140114145j.
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Background/Aim. Wars of the nineties in former Yugoslavia, Somalia, Rwanda imposed new tasks to the United Nations (UN) forces, such as providing humanitarian aid, protection of civilians, peacekeeping, and in many instances providing armed enforcement of peace. The aim of this study was an observational analysis of Serbian participation in the UNs Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo with the emphasis on stress and coping techniques. Methods. Serbian contribution in this mission dates back to April 2003 till the present days with a military contingent consisting of six members as a part of Air Medical Evacuation Team. The observed stressogenous factors acted before arrival to the mission area and in the mission area. In this paper we analysed ways to overcome them. Results. The productive ways of overwhelming stress used in this mission were: honesty and openness in interpersonal communications, dedication to work, maintaining discipline and order, strict following of appropriate regime of work, diet, rest and recreation; regular communication with family and organizing and participation in various social, cultural and sports manifestations. Conclusion. This analysis indicates that out of all the observed factors, the most important is appropriate selection of personnel.
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Casanovas, Pompeu. "Republicanismo y justicia relacional." Doxa. Cuadernos de Filosofía del Derecho, no. 35 (November 15, 2012): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/doxa2012.35.12.
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Este artículo plantea la conceptualización de la justicia relacional, el tipo de justicia que se fundamenta en la emergencia de patrones o pautas sociales que en principio ocurren al margen de los modelos jurídicos estatales. A partir de dos órdenes de modelos distintos —los modelos jurídicos del estado de derecho y los del republicanismo político— el artículo sugiere la posibilidad de fundamentar en el diálogo y en los modelos dialógicos las formas políticas y los comportamientos en red surgidos de la evolución de la Web 2.0 y 3.0. Se retorna así a algunas formas humanísticas de dialéctica y razonamiento que los estados-nación eliminaron de las instituciones y del pensamiento político desde el siglo xvi. Se analizan algunos casos concretos de agregación participativa de conocimiento o de resolución distribuida de problemas en la red (crowdsourcing) a partir de la actividad de Ushahidi, la plataforma para la confección de mapas de desastres naturales y de conflictos armados, activa en los recientes acontecimientos de Egipto, Libia y Somalia.
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Magomedov, D. S. "Partnership of the USA and African Countries in the Fight Against Terrorism under the Administrations of J.W. Bush and Barack Obama." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-164-181.
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The article examines the place of African countries in the US counter-terrorism strategy under the administrations of G.W. Bush and B. Obama. It is alleged that at the turn of the 2010-s the significance of this trend has increased due to the intensification of Islamists in the countries of West Africa and the new round of the civil war in Somalia. This led to an intensification of the military presence and tightened cooperation with the allies, on which the Americans also sought to entrust the main struggle against the radicals. There are several directions of counterterrorism policy: the provision of technical assistance to partner countries for the development of special forces; the building of subregional mechanisms for coordinating counter-terrorism actions; intensification of cooperation in the financial sphere; carrying out separate military operations, mainly by UAV forces. In the end, itwas the African direction that turned out to be the most successful example of Obama’s “leading from the behind” strategy. Despite the fact that under the influence of the Arab Spring and the rise of the ISIS in the Middle East in 2011-2014, there was an escalation of violence in the region, in general, the main goals of combating Islamist terrorism by the end of 2016 were achieved by the USA. In Somalia, Nigeria and Libya, Americans relied on the local forces concerned, restricting participation by coordinating allies, providing intelligence and striking individual blows. The French intervention in Mali in 2013 enabled the Europeans to shift the main burden of fighting local Islamists. In addition, Egypt, receiving abundant military assistance from the United States, did not allow the expansion of the ISIS’s zone of operations in the Sinai Peninsula, but it was not possible to fully cope with the small local branch due to the instability of relations with local tribes that remain outside the control of the central government.
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Sundberg, Ralph, Kristine Eck, and Joakim Kreutz. "Introducing the UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset." Journal of Peace Research 49, no. 2 (March 2012): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343311431598.
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This article extends the Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) by presenting new global data on non-state conflict, or armed conflict between two groups, neither of which is the state. The dataset includes conflicts between rebel groups and other organized militias, and thus serves as a complement to existing datasets on armed conflict which have either ignored this kind of violence or aggregated it into civil war. The dataset also includes cases of fighting between supporters of different political parties as well as cases of communal conflict, that is, conflict between two social groups, usually identified along ethnic or religious lines. This thus extends UCDP’s conflict data collection to facilitate the study of topics like rebel fractionalization, paramilitary involvement in conflict violence, and communal or ethnic conflict. In the article, we present a background to the data collection and provide descriptive statistics for the period 1989–2008 and then illustrate how the data can be used with the case of Somalia. These data move beyond state-centric conceptions of collective violence to facilitate research into the causes and consequences of group violence which occurs without state participation.
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Abdurahman, Ahmed, and Dawd Gashu. "Level of hemoglobin among cow milk and camel milk consuming young children: A comparative study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): e0247572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247572.
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Background Cow milk is an important source of macro-and micronutrients. However, it has low iron content but high content of casein and calcium thus could negatively influence hemoglobin synthesis. On the other hand, camel milk contains higher iron concentration than cow milk. In addition, the majority of iron in camel milk is associated with the lower molecular fraction of casein suggesting better bioavailability. Furthermore, vitamin C concentration, a useful iron absorption enhancer, is more than three-fold greater in camel milk than cow milk. This study compared hemoglobin concentration among young children consuming consistently cow milk or camel milk. Methods Hemoglobin concentration of young children (aged 6–59 mo) from settled pastoralist communities of the Somali region, Ethiopia, consistently consuming cow milk (n = 166) or camel milk (n = 166) was determined. In addition, socio-demographic and water, sanitation, and hygienic (WASH) conditions of study participants’ households were captured. Furthermore, dietary intake and anthropometric characteristics of participating children were assessed. Results Among the participating children, 38.6% were underweight, 33.4% were stunted, and 34.5% were wasted. In addition, 77.4% of children were anemic. The present study households had poor WASH conditions. Only 0.6% of children had the minimum acceptable dietary diversity. There was small but significant mean hemoglobin difference among camel milk and cow milk consuming children (9.6±1.8 g/dl vs 9.1±2.2 g/dl; p = 0.012). In addition, the odds of low hemoglobin concentration was greater among cow milk consuming children than camel milk consuming children [AOR 2.17; 95 CI; 1.39, 3.37; p = 0.001]. However, the overall anemia prevalence among the two groups was similar. Conclusion Camel milk consumption is associated with better hemoglobin concentration but may not be sufficient to prevent anemia in populations from resource poor settings. The etiology of anemia is multifactorial thus further studies on the link between milk consumption and hemoglobin concentration are important.
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Shildrick, Margrit. "Body Shock: Unsettling the Biosciences through Postconventional Materialities." Somatechnics 9, no. 2-3 (December 2019): 206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2019.0280.
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The focus of this article is the problematic of data in the life sciences with regard to the supposedly singular event of heart transplantation. In mainstream discourse, organ transplantation is seen as a straightforward exchange of body parts in which fatally deteriorating biological elements are replaced by more competent and enduring components. Post-transplant a variety of biological, immunological, and pharmaceutical data are collected and evaluated, with the success of the operation gauged against the clinical recovery of the recipient as determined by those measures. That simple picture fails to attend, however, to issues such as the historico-cultural context of the biomedical procedure, temporality, the phenomenological sense of self, the psycho-social imaginary, and even disregarded biological dimensions such as cellular microchimerism, all of which can deeply unsettle biomedical certainty. Drawing on my own participation in collaborative research, I rethink what counts as data and demonstrate the need to interweave multiple forms of knowledge in a data assemblage that mobilises new insights into the significance of transplantation and concorporeality.
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Wieland, Mark L., Marcelo M. M. Hanza, Jennifer A. Weis, Sonja J. Meiers, Christi A. Patten, Matthew M. Clark, Jeff A. Sloan, et al. "Healthy Immigrant Families: Randomized Controlled Trial of a Family-Based Nutrition and Physical Activity Intervention." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117117733342.
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Purpose: To evaluate a healthy eating and physical activity intervention for immigrant families, derived through community-based participatory research. Design: The Healthy Immigrant Families study was a randomized controlled trial with delayed intervention control group, with families as the randomization unit. Setting: US Midwest city. Participants: Participants were recruited by community partners from Hispanic, Somali, and Sudanese immigrant communities. Intervention: Family health promoters from participating communities delivered 6 healthy eating modules, 4 physical activity modules, and 2 modules synthesizing information in 12 home visits (60-90 minutes) within the first 6 months. Up to 12 follow-up phone calls to each participant occurred within the second 6 months. Measures: Primary measures were dietary quality measured with weekday 24-hour recall and reported as Healthy Eating Index score (0-100) and physical activity measured with accelerometers (14 wear days) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: In total, 151 persons (81 adolescents and 70 adults; 44 families) were randomly assigned. At 12 months, significant improvement occurred in Healthy Eating Index scores for adults in the intervention group compared with controls (change, +8.6 vs −4.4; P < .01) and persisted at 24 months (+7.4 from baseline; P < .01). No differences were observed for adolescents and no significant differences occurred between groups for physical activity. Conclusion: This intervention produced sustained dietary quality improvement among adults but not among adolescents. Program outcomes are relevant to communities working to decrease cardiovascular risk among immigrant populations.
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Kouri-Towe, Natalie. "Risk, Desire and Adaptation: The Paradox of Queer Solidarity and the Political Possibility of Death Under Neoliberalism and Homonationalism." Somatechnics 7, no. 2 (September 2017): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2017.0217.
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In 2015, Queers Against Israeli Apartheid Toronto (QuAIA Toronto) announced that it was retiring. This article examines the challenges of queer solidarity through a reflection on the dynamics between desire, attachment and adaptation in political activism. Tracing the origins and sites of contestation over QuAIA Toronto's participation in the Toronto Pride parade, I ask: what does it mean for a group to fashion its own end? Throughout, I interrogate how gestures of solidarity risk reinforcing the very systems that activists desire to resist. I begin by situating contemporary queer activism in the ideological and temporal frameworks of neoliberalism and homonationalism. Next, I turn to the attempts to ban QuAIA Toronto and the term ‘Israeli apartheid’ from the Pride parade to examine the relationship between nationalism and sexual citizenship. Lastly, I examine how the terms of sexual rights discourse require visible sexual subjects to make individual rights claims, and weighing this risk against political strategy, I highlight how queer solidarities are caught in a paradox symptomatic of our times: neoliberalism has commodified human rights discourses and instrumentalised sexualities to serve the interests of hegemonic power and obfuscate state violence. Thinking through the strategies that worked and failed in QuAIA Toronto's seven years of organising, I frame the paper though a proposal to consider political death as a productive possibility for social movement survival in the 21stcentury.
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Brinkema, Eugenie. "Of Bodies, Changed to Different Bodies, Changed to Other Forms." Somatechnics 8, no. 1 (March 2018): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2018.0242.
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This Afterword performs a close reading of the contributions of the special issue on ‘Cinematic Bodies’ in relation to their shared rethinking of a co-implicated relationship of embodiment to the cinematic, focusing on interpretive and methodological similarities and differences between the pieces. From a reading of Spinoza and Deleuze on the equivalent questions of what a body is and what a body can do, the Afterword considers how each of the contributions ultimately poses the problem of aesthetic form—issues of scale, texture, framing, montage—as essential to their rethinking of what cinematic bodies are and might be and also what they can do. A simultaneous exploration notes the legacy of phenomenologies of spectatorship in the contributions, ultimately concluding that, amidst its reconsideration of its two titular terms, the special issue is also participating in debates about methods of reading and the speculative promise of different interpretive approaches to film.
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Cefai, Sarah. "Getting Emotional After Sex: Tendencies in Queer Studies Browne, Kath and Nash, Catherine (eds) (2010), Queer Methods and Methodologies: Intersecting Queer Theories and Social Science Research, Ashgate, Farnham and Burlington, 2010. ISBN: 978-0-7546-7843-4, 316 pp., £65.00. Halley, Janet and Parker, Andrew (eds), After Sex? On Writing Since Queer Theory, Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2011. ISBN: 978-0-8223-4909-9, 336 pp., US$24.95.Heckert, Jamie and Cleminson, Richard (eds), Anarchism & Sexuality: Ethics, Relationships and Power, Routledge, Oxon and New York, 2011. ISBN: 978-0415-65818-8, 238 pp., US$42.99." Somatechnics 3, no. 1 (March 2013): 190–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/soma.2013.0085.
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This article reviews three recent queer studies anthologies: Queer Methods and Methodology: Intersecting Queer Theories and Social Science Research, by Kath Browne and Catherine J. Nash (2010), Anarchism & Sexuality: Ethics, Relationships and Power by Jamie Heckert and Richard Cleminson (2011) , and After Sex? On Writing Since Queer Theory, by Janet Halley and Andrew Parker (2011) . A brief synopsis of the books is followed by discussion on three key observations. First, I discuss the specificity of the queer ‘body’, particularly with regard to the scholarly subjectivity articulated by contributors to these anthologies. Second, I discuss the distillation of queer identity from the field of queer corporeality as a specific move to embrace anti-identitarianism through conceiving identity as fluid. Lastly, questions of queer and identity are reconsidered as methodologically specific and, as such, as entailing sensitivity to the movement of concepts between the different epistemological fields of knowledge called the social sciences and the arts and humanities. Through discussion of these observations, this review aims to stimulate thought and reflection on these texts as responding to and participating in the highly contested institutionalisation of queer studies in the academy.