Journal articles: 'Somali Region (Ethiopia)'

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Van Hauwermeiren, Remco. "The Ogaden War: Somali women’s roles." Afrika Focus 25, no. 2 (February 25, 2012): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02502003.

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In 1977 Somalia invaded Ethiopia hoping to seize the Ogaden, an Ethiopian region predominantly inhabited by ethnic Somali. Histories of this event are rare and focus exclusively on the political and military aspects of the conflict. This is not surprising given the Cold War backdrop of the conflict. This article, however, shifts the focus away from the political towards the personal. Focus here is on the different roles Ogadeni women took up in the Somali-Ethiopian war, also known as the Ogaden war. Through interviews with former actors in the conflict it became clear that women occupied a range of roles in the war, varying from victims or care-givers to active participants in militias and front-line combat. In conflicts today, Somali women still retain many of these roles. Originally some Somalis did oppose this state of affairs, today most seem to have accepted the phenomenon of female actors in the Ogaden war, even though that approval can be linked with a political agenda. Both Ogadeeni and Somali women were active in the war, transcending Somali clan lines along the way. Accounts of the women interviewed illustrate the effects of their choice to participate in the Ogaden war.

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Haile, Semere. "The Origins and Demise of the Ethiopia-Eritrea Federation." Issue 15 (1987): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700505988.

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In the late 1970s, the Ethiopia-Eritrea conflict and the Ethiopia-Somalia border war over the Ogaden region has centered world attention on Soviet-Cuban activities in the Horn of Africa. Although the Somali army was defeated by the combined powers of the Ethiopians and the Soviet-Cuban forces in mid-March 1978, the tension between the two countries was still high. Among the other problems facing the region is that of the Eritrean struggle for self-determination.

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Ahmed, Ahmed Tahir. "Know your HIV Epidemic (KYE) in Somali Region, Ethiopia." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.08.01.art021.

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Pearson, Olivia, and Matthias Schmidt. "Commodity individuation of milk in the Somali Region, Ethiopia." Area 50, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/area.12359.

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Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, and Tadele Amare Zeleke. "Spatial Distribution and Factors Associated with Khat Chewing among Adult Males 15-59 Years in Ethiopia Using a Secondary Analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016: Spatial and Multilevel Analysis." Psychiatry Journal 2020 (April 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8369693.

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Background. Khat chewing has become prevalent in the world due to the improvement of road and air transportation. In Ethiopia, khat chewing is more prevalent and widely practiced by men. Khat has a negative effect on social, economic, and mental health. There is variation in khat cultivation, use, and factors that associated with khat chewing in the Ethiopian regions. Therefore, this study is aimed at showing spatial distribution and factors associated with khat chewing among male adults 15-59 years in Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 12,594 men were included in this study. ArcGIS version 10.7 software was used to show the spatial distribution of chewing khat among adult men in Ethiopia. The Bernoulli model was applied using Kilduff SaTScan version 9.6 software to identify significant purely spatial clusters for chewing khat in Ethiopia. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with khat chewing. A P value < 0.05 was taken to declare statistically significant predictors. Results. The EDHS 2016 survey showed that the high proportion of chewing khat was found in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. In spatial scan statistics analysis, a total of 126 clusters (LLR=946.60, P value < 0.001) were identified. Age group 30-44 years old (AOR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.37, 1.86) and 45-59 years old (AOR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61), being single (AOR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.64, 2.12), Muslim religion followers (AOR=15.03, 95% CI: 11.90, 18.90), media exposed (AOR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86), had work (AOR=2.48, 95% CI: 2.08, 2.95), alcohol drinker (AOR=3.75, 95% CI: 3.10, 4.53), and region (Afar, Amhara, Benishangul Gumuz, Gambela, Harari, Oromia, Somali, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR), and Tigray) and two cities (Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa) were statistically significant factors affecting chewing khat in Ethiopia. Conclusions. In Ethiopia, the spatial distribution of khat chewing among adult men was nonrandom. A high proportion of khat chewing was observed in Dire Dawa, Harari, Southern Oromia, Somali, and Benishangul Gumuz regions. Older age group, being single marital status, alcohol drinker, media unexposed, had no work, and Muslim religion follower were factors affecting khat chewing. Policymakers should be given spatial attention in reducing the prevalence of chewing khat by teaching the health impact of khat chewing through media in the identified regions.

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Tingirtu, Geberetsadik Tekele. "Promoting female leaders in Somali Region, Ethiopia: An entrepreneurship approach." International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 11, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijsa2018.0781.

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Devereux, Stephen. "Better Marginalised than Incorporated? Pastoralist Livelihoods in Somali Region, Ethiopia." European Journal of Development Research 22, no. 5 (September 23, 2010): 678–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ejdr.2010.29.

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Khalif, Mohamud H., and Martin Doornbos. "The Somali region in ethiopia: a neglected human rights tragedy." Review of African Political Economy 29, no. 91 (March 2002): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056240208704585.

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Agegnehu, Chilot Desta, and Adugnaw Zeleke Alem. "Exploring spatial variation in BCG vaccination among children 0–35 months in Ethiopia: spatial analysis of Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043565.

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ObjectiveTuberculosis is a major public health problem and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. BCG vaccination is a life-saving and important part of standard tuberculosis control measures, particularly in Ethiopia where tuberculosis is endemic. The End Tuberculosis Strategy targets of 2020 have not been achieved. Exploring spatial variations in BCG vaccination among children is vital to designing and monitoring effective intervention programmes. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial variation in BCG vaccination among children in Ethiopia.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–35 months.Primary outcomeBCG vaccination coverage.MethodsData from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey were used and a total of 4453 children aged 0–35 months were included. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, cluster and outlier analysis, hotspot analysis, spatial interpolation, and spatial scan statistics were carried out to identify geographical risk areas for BCG vaccine utilisation. ArcGIS V.10.6 and SaTScan V.9.6 statistical software were employed to explore spatial pattern and significant hotspot areas for BCG vaccination among children.ResultsBCG vaccination was spatially clustered in Ethiopia at the regional level (Global Moran’s I=0.516, p<0.001). A total of 51 most likely clusters of low BCG vaccination were identified in the Somali and Afar regions (log-likelihood ratio=136.58, p<0.001). Significant secondary clusters were also identified in North West Gambela, South Amhara, South West Addis Ababa, North East Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region, and South West Oromia.ConclusionA low probability of receiving BCG vaccination was found among children in the Somali and Afar regions. Therefore, these areas should be given attention when designing effective immunisation strategies to improve BCG vaccination among children in order to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

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Eregata, Getachew Teshome, Alemayehu Hailu, Solomon Tessema Memirie, and Ole Frithjof Norheim. "Measuring progress towards universal health coverage: national and subnational analysis in Ethiopia." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 6 (November 2019): e001843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001843.

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IntroductionAiming for universal health coverage (UHC) as a country-level goal requires that progress is measured and tracked over time. However, few national and subnational studies monitor UHC in low-income countries and there is none for Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the 2015 national and subnational UHC service coverage status for Ethiopia.MethodsThe UHC service coverage index was constructed from the geometric means of component indicators: first, within each of four major categories and then across all components to obtain the final summary index. Also, we estimated the subnational level UHC service coverage. We used a variety of surveys data and routinely collected administrative data.ResultsNationally, the overall Ethiopian UHC service coverage for the year 2015 was 34.3%, ranging from 52.2% in the Addis Ababa city administration to 10% in the Afar region. The coverage for non-communicable diseases, reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health and infectious diseases were 35%, 37.5% and 52.8%, respectively. The national UHC service capacity and access coverage was only 20% with large variations across regions, ranging from 3.7% in the Somali region to 41.1% in the Harari region.ConclusionThe 2015 overall UHC service coverage for Ethiopia was low compared with most of the other countries in the region. Also, there was a substantial variation among regions. Therefore, Ethiopia should rapidly scale up promotive, preventive and curative health services through increasing investment in primary healthcare if Ethiopia aims to reach the UHC service coverage goals. Also, policymakers at the regional and federal levels should take corrective measures to narrow the gap across regions, such as redistribution of the health workforce, increase resources allocated to health and provide focused technical and financial support to low-performing regions.

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Lindley, Anna. "Seeking Refuge in an Unrecognized State: Oromos in Somaliland." Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees 26, no. 1 (October 9, 2010): 187–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.30620.

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The self-declared state of Somaliland is much better known as a refugee producing territory than a refugee destination.Yet in recent years the territory has witnessed growing non-Somali immigration from the Oromo regions of Ethiopia.In the wake of marginalization and oppression in Ethiopia, these newcomers find a precarious refuge in Somaliland, demonstrating some of the challenges of in-region protection and integration in the Horn of Africa.

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Nigatu, Dabere, Gedefaw Abeje, Alemayehu G. Mekonnen, Muluken Azage, and Daniel Bogale. "Maternal Health Service Uptake Is Associated with a Higher Skin-to-Skin Care Practice in Ethiopia: Result from a National Survey." BioMed Research International 2020 (December 16, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841349.

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Background. Though skin-to-skin care (SSC) is becoming an important newborn care package at both facility and community levels in Ethiopia, there is a lack of evidence to monitor the progress at each level. Therefore, this study is aimed at quantifying the proportion of SSC at both national and regional levels and identifying factors that affect SSC uptake in Ethiopia. Method. We used the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data. The survey employed a multistage cluster sampling method. We included 7,488 live births in the analysis. The factors influencing SSC practice were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. We reported adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results. In Ethiopia, 24.3% of mothers practiced SSC for their newborns (95% CI = 23.3 , 25.2). The highest proportion was in Addis Ababa (63%), and the lowest was in the Somali region (14.5%). Attending 1-4 antenatal care ( AOR = 1.51 , 95 % CI = 1.08 , 2.12 , giving birth at health facility ( AOR = 4.51 , 95 % CI = 2.16 , 9.44 , and having female births ( AOR = 1.24 , 95 % CI = 1.01 , 1.54 ) were associated with more odds of practicing SSC. However, giving birth by the cesarean section had resulted in lower odds of practicing SSC ( AOR = 0.37 , 95 % CI = 0.22 , 0.63 ). Regions with reduced odds of SSC practice include Amhara ( AOR = 0.57 , 95 % CI = 0.40 , 0.82 ), Somali ( AOR = 0.51 , 95 % CI = 0.31 , 0.83 ), and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People ( AOR = 0.64 , 95 % CI = 0.43 , 0.94 ). Conclusions. The SSC practice was low in Ethiopia with a high level of variation between regions. In Ethiopia, maternal health service uptake affects the SSC of the newborns. Well-tailored community-level interventions are needed to increase skin-to-skin care practice among home delivery mothers.

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Keliyo, Edao Tesa, Meka Kedir Jibril, and Girma Tadesse Wodajo. "Prevalence of Antenatal Depression and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Health Institutions of Faafan Zone, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia." Depression Research and Treatment 2021 (August 27, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2523789.

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Background. Depression is a common global mental health tragedy which affects more than 30 million people of all ages. Antenatal depression is higher among low-income countries where maternal and psychosocial factors act as determinant factors for its occurrence. Aim. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant women attending health institutions of Faafan zone of Somali regional state, Eastern Ethiopia. Method. An institutional-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among randomly selected 403 pregnant women from January to September 2015. EPDS with 13 cutoff points was used to screen antenatal depression. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Result. The study showed that 24.3% of women had antenatal depression. Marital status, educational status, chronic medical illness, previous depression history, and social support were factors associated with antenatal depression. Conclusion. The study revealed that the prevalence of antenatal depression was 24.3%. Ethiopia Federal Ministry of Health and Somali Regional Health Bureau should work very hard to create awareness on the importance of pregnancy planning and social support during pregnancy.

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Rajasingham, Anu, Ben Harvey, Yodit Taye, Stanislaus Kamwaga, Andrea Martinsen, Mohamed Sirad, Mowlid Aden, Kathleen Gallagher, and Thomas Handzel. "Improved chlorination and rapid water quality assessment in response to an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea in Somali Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 596–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.146.

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Abstract The Somali Region of Ethiopia has been affected by drought for several years. Drought conditions have led to food and water scarcity and a humanitarian crisis in the region. In January 2017, an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) was declared in the region. AWD prevention and control activities include strengthening water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services. Access to safe drinking water is critical in preventing transmission of AWD and chlorine is an effective chemical to disinfect water supplies. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated with the WASH Cluster and the United Nations Children's Fund, Ethiopia, to provide technical assistance to the Somali Regional Water Bureau to improve chlorination of drinking water supplies and quickly assess water quality improvements in Jijiga town, Fafan Zone. Timely sharing of surveillance and case investigation data allowed for the identification of gaps within the water supply system in Jijiga and implementation of centralized and decentralized chlorination interventions and monitoring systems. Pilot use of a rapid assessment to determine residual chlorine levels at various points in the city helped improve chlorination intervention impact. This work illustrates that rapid community-level water quality improvements can be implemented and assessed quickly to improve interventions during outbreaks.

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Alayu, Mikias, Fikirte Girma, Mengistu Biru, Tesfalem Teshome, and Desalegn Belay. "Epidemiological Description of Dengue Fever Outbreak in Kebridhar District, Somali Region, Ethiopia – 2017." Biomedical Statistics and Informatics 4, no. 4 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.bsi.20190404.11.

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Alayu, Mikias, Tesfalem Teshome, Hiwot Amare, Solomon Kinde, Desalegn Belay, and Zewdu Assefa. "Risk Factors for Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in Somali Region of Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched Case-Control Study." Advances in Virology 2021 (February 10, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8847906.

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Background. Chikungunya virus is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus transmitted by a mosquito bite. Chikungunya virus outbreaks are characterized by rapid spread, and the disease manifests as acute fever. This study aimed at determining risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak to apply appropriate prevention and control measures. Methods. Unmatched case-control study was performed to identify risk factors of chikungunya outbreak in Somali region of Ethiopia in 2019. Cases and controls were enrolled with 1 : 2 ratio. All cases during the study period (74 cases) and 148 controls were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were implemented. The serum samples were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction at Ethiopian Public Health Institute Laboratory. Results. A total of 74 chikungunya fever cases were reported starting from 19th May 2019 to 8th June 2019. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 20.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4–66.7), presence of open water holding container (AOR: 4.0; CI: 1.2–3.5), presence of larvae in water holding container (AOR: 4.8; CI: 1.4–16.8), ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors (AOR: 27.9; CI: 6.5–120.4), and not wearing full body cover clothes (AOR: 8.1; CI: 2.2–30.1) were significant risk factors. Conclusion. Not using bed net at daytime sleeping, presence of open water holding container, presence of larvae in water holding container, ill person with similar signs and symptoms in the family or neighbors, and not wearing full body cover clothes are risk factors for chikungunya virus outbreak.

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Melaku, Samuel, Hardeep Rai Sharma, and Getahun Asres Alemie. "Pastoralist Community’s Perception of Tuberculosis: A Quantitative Study from Shinille Area of Ethiopia." Tuberculosis Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/475605.

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Background. In Ethiopia the prevalence of all forms of TB is estimated at 261/100 000 population, leading to an annual mortality rate of 64/100 000 population. The incidence rate of smear-positive TB is 108/100 000 population.Objectives. To assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding TB among pastoralists in Shinille district, Somali region, Ethiopia.Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 821 pastoralists aged >18 years and above from February to May, 2011 using self-structured questionnaire.Results. Most (92.8%) of the study participants heard about TB, but only 10.1% knew about its causative agent. Weight loss as main symptom, transmittance through respiratory air droplets, and sputum examination for diagnosis were the answers of 34.3%, 29.9%, and 37.9% of pastoralists, respectively. The majority (98.3%) of respondents reported that TB could be cured, of which 93.3% believed with modern drugs. About 41.3% of participants mentioned covering the nose and mouth during sneezing and coughing as a preventive measure. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that household income >300 Ethiopian Birr and Somali ethnicity were associated with high TB knowledge. Regarding health seeking behaviour practice only 48.0% of the respondents preferred to visit government hospital and discuss their problems with doctors/health care providers.Conclusion. This study observed familiarity with gaps and low overall knowledge on TB and revealed negative attitudes like discrimination intentions in the studied pastoral community.

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Soboksa, Negasa Eshete. "Associations Between Improved Water Supply and Sanitation Usage and Childhood Diarrhea in Ethiopia: An Analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey." Environmental Health Insights 15 (January 2021): 117863022110025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11786302211002552.

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Background: Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of 5. Access to and use of improved water and sanitation services is associated with this, but there is little country-level evidence for this relationship in Ethiopia. Therefore, associations between improved water supply and sanitation usage and childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia have been identified as the objective of this study. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using data from Ethiopia’s 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Through interviews with mothers/caregivers who had children under the age of 5 years, data was collected. The outcome of this study was the response of the mothers/caregivers interviewed to the 2-week occurrence of diarrhea. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Results: The survey results found that the use of improved drinking water and latrine facilities was 59.3% (95% CI: 58.36-60.31) and 17.3% (95% CI: 16.59-18.09), respectively. With respect to the handling practices of child feces, 24.8% (95% CI: 23.8-25.70) of the child feces of the interviewed mothers/caregivers were disposed of safely. The prevalence of childhood diarrhea in the preceding 2 weeks was 11% (95% CI: 10.36-11.61). Residence of Somali Region (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.25-2.61), having more than 2 under-5 children (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.46), having more than 5 family members (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), sex of the indexed child (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99) and unsafe child feces disposal practices (AOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.14-1.54) were significantly associated with childhood diarrhea. Conclusion: Residing in the Somali region, having more than 2 children under the age of 5 and having more than 5 household members, indexed child sex, and safe disposal of child feces were significantly associated with diarrhea. Therefore, in Ethiopia, the prevention of childhood diarrhea should concentrate on eliminating household crowding and encouraging the safe disposal of child feces.

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KULLMER, O., O. SANDROCK, T. B. VIOLA, W. HUJER, H. SAID, and H. SEIDLER. "SUIDS, ELEPHANTOIDS, PALEOCHRONOLOGY, AND PALEOECOLOGY OF THE PLIOCENE HOMINID SITE GALILI, SOMALI REGION, ETHIOPIA." PALAIOS 23, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 452–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2007.p07-028r.

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Negussu, Nebiyu, Mohamed Wali, Yusuf Mohamed, Milion Ejigu, Fikiru Debebe, Sirage Aden, Rashid Abdi, Amare Deribew, and Kebede Deribe. "Prevalence and distribution of schistosomiasis in Afder and Gode zone of Somali region, Ethiopia." Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 5, no. 4 (2013): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-777x.122007.

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Carruth, Lauren, and Emily Mendenhall. "“Wasting away”: Diabetes, food insecurity, and medical insecurity in the Somali Region of Ethiopia." Social Science & Medicine 228 (May 2019): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.03.026.

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Kassahun, Amaha, HA Snyman, and GN Smit. "Livestock grazing behaviour along a degradation gradient in the Somali region of eastern Ethiopia." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 25, no. 1 (April 2008): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajrfs.2008.25.1.1.379.

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Carruth, Lauren. "Peace in the Clinic: Rethinking “Global Health Diplomacy” in the Somali Region of Ethiopia." Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (April 25, 2015): 181–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11013-015-9455-6.

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Ibrahim, Mohammed, Esther Schelling, Jakob Zinsstag, Jan Hattendorf, Emawayish Andargie, and Rea Tschopp. "Sero-prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever in humans and livestock in Somali Region, Ethiopia." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): e0008100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008100.

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Information on zoonotic diseases in humans and livestock are limited in pastoral/agro-pastoral communities in Ethiopia. A multi-stage cross sectional cluster design study was implemented with the aim to establish the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases including brucellosis, Q-fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) in humans and livestock in Adadle Woreda of the Somali Region, Ethiopia. Blood samples were collected from humans and livestock and tested by relevant serological tests. For brucellosis, Rose Bengal test (RBT) and indirect ELISA was used for screening and confirmatory diagnosis respectively. Indirect and competitive ELISA were also used for Q-fever and RVF respectively. The individual seropositivity of Q-fever in livestock was 9.6% (95% CI 5.9–15.1) in cattle, 55.7% (95% CI 46.0–65.0) in camels, 48.8% (95% CI 42.5–55.0) in goats, and 28.9% (95% CI 25.0–33.2) in sheep. In humans, seropositivity of Q-fever was 27.0% (95% CI 20.4–34.0), with prevalence in males of 28.9% vs 24.2% in females (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 0.6–2.5). Camel seropositivity of Q-fever was significantly associated with age (OR = 8.1; 95% CI 2.8–23.7). The individual apparent seroprevalence of RVF was 13.2% (95% CI 8.7–18.8) in humans, 17.9% (95% CI 11.0–27.8) in cattle, 42.6% (95% CI 34.8–50.7) in camels, 6.3% (95% CI 3.3–11.6) in goats and 7.4% (95% CI 4.7–11.5) in sheep. Camels had the highest seropositivity of both Q-fever and RVF. Only a weak correlation was observed between human and livestock seropositivity for both Q-fever and RVF. Only cattle and camels were seropositive for brucellosis by iELISA. The individual seroprevalence of brucellosis was 2.8(0.9–6.4) in humans, 1.5% (95% CI 0.2–5.2) in cattle and 0.6% (95% CI 0.0–3.2) in camels. This study showed the importance of zoonoses in Somali Region and is the first published study to describe RVF exposure in humans and livestock in the country. Even though human exposure to RVF virus was reported, public health sector of Somali Region has not given attention to such zoonoses. Collaboration between public and animal health sectors for further investigation on these zoonoses using the One Health concept is indispensable.

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Godfrey, Samuel, Getachew Hailemichael, and Charles Serele. "Deep Groundwater as an Alternative Source of Water in the Ogaden Jesoma Sandstone Aquifers of Somali Region, Ethiopia." Water 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2019): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081735.

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Between 2015 and 2018, the Horn of Africa was affected by a series of climatic-induced events, namely El Nino, La Nina, and the Indian Ocean Dipole. These events modified the variability of rainfall patterns and resulted in extended periods of low rainfall, low recharge, and high evapotranspiration. That situation prompted humanitarian water professionals to finance the transportation of water from selected locations with high groundwater potential through water trucks to areas facing groundwater depletion and drought. To mitigate this, UNICEF identified alternative water supplies by exploring sustainable deeper groundwater sources. This paper describes a three-phase methodology of deep groundwater development of wells in the Ogaden Jesoma sandstone aquifers of the Somali region of the Horn of Africa, to a depth of 600 m below ground level. The methodology included the development of groundwater suitability maps using geological and remote sensing data, hydrogeological ground truthing of the maps, and then test drilling at the selected locations. The results concluded that the deep sandstone aquifer of Jesoma can provide fresh water with yields of 15 L/s to the local population of the Somali region. The study provided insights into deep groundwater identification and development as well as adaptive deep borehole drilling as a source for climate-resilient water supplies.

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Hopper, Matthew S. "Imperialism and the Dilemma of Slavery in Eastern Arabia and the Gulf, 1873–1939." Itinerario 30, no. 3 (November 2006): 76–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300013383.

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An Ethiopian man named Surūr appeared before the British Consul at Addis Ababa in December 1933 and told a remarkable story. He had just returned to Ethiopia after enduring more than five years of slavery in the Arabian (Persian) Gulf where he had been forced to work as a pearl diver. When he was eleven years old and out tending cattle in the Wallamo region of Ethiopia around 1925, he was seized by kidnappers who took him to Tajura on the Somali coast and shipped him along with fifty other captives to Jedda, where he was sold to a man who took him to Qatar and eventually sold him to a pearl merchant who engaged him as a diver. As Surūr explained to the consul, he tried twice to escape from his master. The first time, he fled to the British Residency Agent, ‘Isa bin ‘Abdullatīf, in Dubai, who promised to protect him, but then returned him to his master, who severely beat him. Shortly after, he fled to the British agency office in Sharjah, only to find that the Residency Agent was the same ‘Isa bin ‘Abdullatīf, who again returned him to his master, who this time beat him until he was unconscious. Surūr finally managed to escape by fleeing to a boat bound for Basra. There, he met some Somali men working as stokers on a British steamer who assisted him in getting to Djibouti by way of Muscat. When he arrived in Djibouti he was interrogated by port officers, and his story was passed on to the British consulat Addis Ababa who interviewed him and forwarded his story to the Political Agent at Muscat.

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Tomassone, Laura, E. Grego, G. Callà, P. Rodighiero, G. Pressi, S. Gebre, B. Zeleke, and D. De Meneghi. "Ticks and tick-borne pathogens in livestock from nomadic herds in the Somali Region, Ethiopia." Experimental and Applied Acarology 56, no. 4 (February 17, 2012): 391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9528-y.

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Meshesha, Derege Tsegaye, Muhyadin Moahmmed, and Dahir Yosuf. "Estimating carrying capacity and stocking rates of rangelands in Harshin District, Eastern Somali Region, Ethiopia." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 23 (November 4, 2019): 13309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5786.

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Haile, Biniyam Tadesse, and Yohannes Ejigu Tsehay. "Disparities in Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptive Utilization among Married Women in Ethiopia: Findings of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (March 6, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3430975.

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Background. Long-acting contraceptive methods, subdermal implants, and intrauterine devices are reliable, safe, and cost-effective family planning methods. However, these methods are not widely used in Ethiopia despite government effort to increase access. The study is aimed at assessing the rate of utilization of long-acting contraceptive methods among married women and associated factors. Method. We analyzed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey dataset. A total of 2045 married women of reproductive age group, who were using any modern contraceptive method at the time of the survey, were included in the study. Descriptive statistics were computed to characterize the study participants. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors, reporting odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Result. The multivariable analyses showed that women educational status, parity, religion, previous history of abortion, desire for more child, and region where the respondents reside were significantly the factors that determine the utilization of long-acting contraceptive. There is a significant regional disparity in long-acting contraceptive utilization. Compared to women residing in Tigray region, those who live in other regions (Afar-Somali, Oromia, Amhara, Benishangul Gumz-Gambela, and Southern Nations Nationalities and People) have low likelihood of using long-acting contraceptive methods. Conclusion. Utilization of long-acting family planning method is low in Ethiopia. There is a significant regional disparity in utilizing these methods. Policy makers should promote culture-sensitive and tailored interventions to improve the utilization of long-acting family planning methods.

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Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Yalemzewod Assefa Gelaw, Dagnachew Muluye Fetene, Digsu N. Koye, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Hailay Gesesew, Mulugeta Molla Birhanu, et al. "COVID-19 in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis of vulnerability to infection, case severity and death." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e044606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044606.

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BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused a global public health crisis affecting most countries, including Ethiopia, in various ways. This study maps the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia.MethodsThirty-eight potential indicators of vulnerability to COVID-19 infection, case severity and likelihood of death, identified based on a literature review and the availability of nationally representative data at a low geographic scale, were assembled from multiple sources for geospatial analysis. Geospatial analysis techniques were applied to produce maps showing the vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death in Ethiopia at a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km.ResultsThis study showed that vulnerability to COVID-19 infection is likely to be high across most parts of Ethiopia, particularly in the Somali, Afar, Amhara, Oromia and Tigray regions. The number of severe cases of COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalisation and intensive care unit admission is likely to be high across Amhara, most parts of Oromia and some parts of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region. The risk of COVID-19-related death is high in the country’s border regions, where public health preparedness for responding to COVID-19 is limited.ConclusionThis study revealed geographical differences in vulnerability to infection, case severity and likelihood of death from COVID-19 in Ethiopia. The study offers maps that can guide the targeted interventions necessary to contain the spread of COVID-19 in Ethiopia.

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Woya, Ashenafi Abate, and Abay Kassa Tekile. "Prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6 to 59 months in Ethiopia: Evidence from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey." Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v14i1.4.

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Anemia is one of the most widely spread public health problems, especially in developing countries including Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6-59 months in Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study (the Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey 2016) was used as a source of data. Participants were 8385 children aged from 6 to 59 months selected in a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The level of hemoglobin was determined by HemoCue analyzer. The risk factors of anemia were computed by logistic regression (α=0.05). The result revealed that more than half (57.3%) of children aged 6-59 months were found anemic of which 3.1% had severe anemia, 29.2% had moderate and 25% mild anemia. The anemia status of the children’s mother (OR: 3.01, CI: 0.34, 6.75), living in Somali region (OR: 5.73, CI: 1.86, 17.71), living in rural areas (OR: 1.84, CI: 1.38, 2.83), age of study participants (OR: 0.82, CI: 0.29,1.45) among 24-42 months old children (OR: 0.53, CI: 0.16,1.08) among 43-59 months old children, rich and medium parents (OR: 0.29, CI: 0.20,0.73), smoker mother (OR: 0.02, CI: 0.00, 0.05) were the risk factors of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6-59 months. The overall prevalence of anemia among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months was high. It is argued that measures that prevent childhood illnesses and maternal anemia need to be put in place in order to reduce anemia among Ethiopian children.

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Gebremeskel, Menaseb Gebrehaweria, Afework Mulugeta, Abate Bekele, Lire Lemma, Muzey Gebremichael, Haftay Gebremedhin, Berhe Etsay, et al. "Individual and community level factors associated with anemia among children 6—59 months of age in Ethiopia: A further analysis of 2016 Ethiopia demographic and health survey." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 13, 2020): e0241720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241720.

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Background Anemia is a global public health problem; but its burden is disproportionately borne among children in the African Regions. The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey report showed that the prevalence of anemia among children 6–59 months of age was 57%; far exceeding the national target of 25% set for 2015. Although studies have been conducted in Ethiopia, multilevel analysis has rarely been used to identify factors associated with anemia among children. Therefore, this study aimed to identify individual and community-level factors associated with anemia among children 6–59 months of age by fitting a multilevel logistic regression model. Methods The data was obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, conducted from January to June 2016, and downloaded from the website http://www.DHSprogram.com. The sample was taken using two-stage stratified sampling. In stage one, 645 Enumeration Areas and in stage two 28 households per Enumeration Area were selected. A sample of 7790 children 6–59 months of age was included. Data were analyzed using STATA version 14. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted and an adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was obtained. Result From the individual-level factors, anemia was associated most strongly with child age, wealth index, maternal anemia and child stunting followed by child underweight, child fever and birth order whereas from the community-level, the strongest odds of anemia occurred among children from Somali, Harari, Dire Dawa and Afar region followed by Oromia and Addis Ababa. Low community-poverty is a protective factor for anemia. The odds of anemia were 0.81 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.99) times lower for children who were living in communities of lower poverty status than children who were living in communities of higher poverty status. Children from Somali and Dire Dawa had 3.38 (95% CI: 3.25, 5.07) and 2.22 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.48) times higher odds of anemia, respectively than children from the Tigray region. Conclusions This study shows that anemia among children 6–59 months of age is affected both by the individual and community level factors. It is better to strengthen the strategies of early detection and management of stunted and underweight children. At the same time, interventions should be strengthened to address maternal anemia, child fever and poverty, specifically targeting regions identified to have a high risk of anemia.

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Abdi, Ali Ahmed. "Ethiopia’s Burgeoning Democratic Transition: New Glamour or New Statesmanship Gimmicks?" Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 13, no. 5. (January 20, 2021): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2019.13.5.2.

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Following the amounting accusation of autocracy, the heritage of exclusionary rulership with an underlying ethnic undertone that confined the parameters of political power finally yielded nearly three years of unemployed youth-led street protests initially in Oromia region and later spread all over the country, demanding for political reform and socio-economic improvements. All these paved the way for PM Abiy Ahmed on April 2nd, 2018 in what seemed to be a transition in the form of a “play-within-a-play”. In this article, I offer an account that explains the image of Ethiopia’s democratic transition in 2018, undeniably using my own physical experience and observations as an academic and a humanitarian practitioner owing to my more than 15 years of stay in the country where I have often been close to the decision-making tables in Addis Ababa as well as in the Somali region. Of course, I will also use all other seminally relevant information helpful to draw an explanation tothe interminable socio-political and economic transformation in Ethiopia.

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Jemal, Yasin, Jemal Haidar, and Wambui Kogi Makau. "The magnitude and determinants of anaemia among refugee preschool children from theKebribeyahrefugee camp, Somali region, Ethiopia." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 30, no. 1 (December 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2017.1237446.

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Bogale, Ayalneh, and Benedikt Korf. "To share or not to share? (non-)violence, scarcity and resource access in Somali Region, Ethiopia." Journal of Development Studies 43, no. 4 (May 2007): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380701260093.

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Jalu, Moti Tolera, Abdurehman Ahmed, Abdiwahab Hashi, and Alula Tekilu. "Exploring barriers to reproductive, maternal, child and neonatal (RMNCH) health-seeking behaviors in Somali region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 14, no. 3 (March 15, 2019): e0212227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212227.

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Bayu, Takele Bekele. "Conflict Dynamics between Two Neighbours: Looking Beyond Federalism." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public 20, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2021.1.2.

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Ethiopia is a multicultural and multilingual country. The Oromo and Somali communities are found in the same linguistic community, that is, the Cushitic language. Historically, Somalis and Oromo have a long tradition of co-existence and strong socio-cultural interactions, as well as antagonistic relationships and intermittent conflicts. Traditionally, the major sources of conflict between the two communities were competition over scarce resources, territorial expansion, livestock raids and counter raids, kidnapping for marriage purposes and the revenge tradition. However, this time the conflict took a different nature, form and bigger scale causing devastation never seen in the history of communal conflict in the country. The study has utilised primary and secondary data collection and employed narration and content analysis to realise the objective of the paper. The findings of this study reveal that the causes of the Oromo–Somali conflict are complex and dynamic. This urges the need to carry out a deeper investigation beyond the federal arrangement. Thus, fundamental and triggering factors including the involvement of internal and external forces, the collapse of social norms and prevalence of moral anarchism, socio-economic issues, competing interests among public and military officials, poor leadership and governance system, competing interests over resources, aspects of local cultural institutions in regulating inter-ethnic relationships are identified in fuelling ethnic conflict in the studied area. Since the conflict in the region is much more complex than the dominant narrative of resource scarcity and ethnic politicisation, open democratic dialogue, genuine consultation and negotiation at a different level with various interest groups, stakeholders and community representatives, militant groups operating in the area is of paramount importance to ease the increasing ethnic tension and political crisis in order to build sustainable peace in the region.

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Sisay, Malede Mequanent, Tesfahun Taddege Geremew, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Asaye Tariku Alem, Desalew Kassahun Beyene, Melkitu Fentie Melak, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye, Tadesse Awoke Ayele, and Asrat Atsedeweyn Andargie. "Spatial patterns and determinants of postnatal care use in Ethiopia: findings from the 2016 demographic and health survey." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e025066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025066.

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ObjectivePostnatal care (PNC) is essential for preventing maternal and newborn deaths; however, it still remains less well recognised in low-income and middle-income countries. This study was aimed to explore geographical patterns and identify the determinants of PNC usage among women aged 15–49 years in Ethiopia.MethodsA secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data. A total of 7193 women were included in this analysis. We employed spatial scan statistics to detect spatial inequalities of PNC usage among women. A multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with women’s PNC.ResultsThe prevalence of PNC usage among women was 6.9% (95% CI 6.3% to 7.5%). The SaTScan spatial analysis identified three most likely clusters with low rates of PNC use namely southwestern Ethiopia (log likelihood ratio (LLR)=18.07, p<0.0001), southeast Ethiopia (LLR=14.29, p<0.001) and eastern Ethiopia (LLR=10.18, p=0.024). Women with no education (Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR)=0.55, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.84) and in the poorest wealth quantile (AOR=0.55, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.78) were less likely to use PNC, while women aged 35–49 years (AOR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.01 to 3.04) and with at least four antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.71 to 3.29) were more likely to use PNC.ConclusionPNC usage remains a public health problem and has spatial variations at regional levels in the country. Low prevalence of PNC was detected in the Somali, Oromia, Gambella and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) regions. Women with low educational status, old age, being in poorest wealth quantile and history of ANC visits were significantly associated with PNC usage. Hence, it is better to strengthen maternal health programmes that give special emphasis on health promotion with a continuum of care during pregnancy.

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Michael, Yohannes Gebre. "Vulnerability and Local Innovation in Adaptation to Climate Change among the Pastoralists: Harshin District, Somali Region, Ethiopia." Environmental Management and Sustainable Development 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v6i2.11211.

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The case study was made with the overall aim of understanding of pastoralist vulnerability and adaptation to climate changes. As a methodology five kebeles have been purposely selected representing pastoral and agro-pastoral farming systems in Harshin district of Somali Region in Ethiopia. The survey was conducted through semi-structured checklists with individual households and groups accounting a total of 124 people.The major findings of the study indicated that the environmental and socio-economic dynamics are skewed to negative trends where the livelihood of the pastoral community is under a big threat. Moreover, the combinations of factors including access to resources and social institutions, livelihood practices, inappropriate technologies and policies have attributed to trigger the vulnerability to climate change among the pastoralists in general and agro-pastoralists in particular. In adapting to the impact of climate change, pastoralists and agro-pastoralists are using wide range of group and individual local innovations, some farming practices and establishment of multi-functional grassroots institutions. Finally creating enabling policy environment for local experimentation and innovations in the framework of pastoralism and sustainability have been suggested as a point of departure in developing resilience to climate change and other pressures.

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Hashi, Abdiwahab, Abera Kumie, and Janvier Gasana. "Prevalence of Diarrhoea and Associated Factors among Under-Five Children in Jigjiga District, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia." Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 06, no. 10 (2016): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2016.610022.

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Arab Abdilahi, Mohamed, Abdikani Mawlid Nur, and Abdireshid Dahir Jibril. "Prevalence of Acute Malnutrition and Associated Factors Among Under-Five Children in Gursum District, Somali Region, Ethiopia." Science Journal of Public Health 8, no. 4 (2020): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20200804.15.

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Kassahun, Amaha, H. A. Snyman, and G. N. Smit. "Soil seed bank evaluation along a degradation gradient in arid rangelands of the Somali region, eastern Ethiopia." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 129, no. 4 (February 2009): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.016.

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Oladeji, Olusola, Abdifatah Elmi Farah, and Bukhari Shikh Aden. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of female genital mutilation among health care workers in Somali region of Ethiopia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4191. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213517.

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Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global challenge with estimated over two hundred million girls and women worldwide having undergone the procedure and another three million girls are at risk of being cut yearly. The prevalence of FGM among women and girls aged 15-49 years in Somali region of Ethiopia is 99% compared to the national average of 65%. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care workers on FGM practices in the region.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey and used quantitative method.Results: 36 (17.8%) of the health workers believed FGM was a mandatory religious practice, while 158 (78.2%) regarded it as a cultural practice. All the respondents knew it caused health problems, 32 (15.8%) believed it was a good practice though 176 (87.1%) of the respondents believed it violated human rights of the girls/women and 99 (49%) wanted the practice to continue. 15 (40.5%) had conducted FGM on a girl before, 5 (13.5%) claimed medicalization made FGM practice safer and 5 (13.5%) of the respondents intended to circumcise their daughters in future.Conclusions: Health care workers still have attitudes and practices that positively promote and could encourage FGM practices in spite of their knowledge of the health consequences and their acceptance as a violation of the rights of women and girls. This attitude has high tendencies of depriving the community members of access to accurate information that will enable them to make informed decision about FGM and efforts to eradicate the practice.

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Muse, Abdilahi Ibrahim, Mohamed Omar Osman, Ahmed Mohammed Ibrahim, Girma Tadesse Wedajo, Fuad Ismail Daud, and Kalkidan Hassen Abate. "Undernutrition and Associated Factors Among Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Jigjiga Public Health Facilities, Somali Region, East, Ethiopia." Research and Reports in Tropical Medicine Volume 12 (June 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rrtm.s311476.

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Dagne, Samuel, Yonatan Menber, Yosef Wassihun, Gedefaw Dires, Atitegeb Abera, Seteamlak Adane, Melese Linger, and Zelalem T. Haile. "Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2021 (January 6, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8850241.

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Background. The prevalence of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is still remarkably high. Undernutrition during adulthood is a greater risk factor for low productivity, poor health, and mortality. There is limited information on the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency in Ethiopia. Objective. To assess the prevalence and determinants of chronic energy deficiency among adults aged 18–59 years in Ethiopia. Method. A secondary data analysis was conducted using the data obtained from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. Data were collected using a multistage stratified cluster sampling technique, and the analytic sample consisted of 9,280 adults aged 18–59 years. The chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used, and p value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result. A total of 9280 adults aged 18–59 years were included in the study and 2911 (28.7%) (95% CI: 27.0%–30.4%) of whom were chronic energy deficient. Adults who have no work (AOR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.72), male adults from Tigray region (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.61, 3.09), Afar region (AOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 2.04, 4.36), Somali region (AOR = 3.14, 95% CI: 2.19, 4.52), Gambella region (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.76), Harari region (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.19), Amhara region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), Oromia region (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.19), Dire Dawa (AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.05), adults live lonely (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.71), and adults residing in poor wealth index households (AOR = 1.26 : 95% CI: 1.07, 1.49) were significantly associated with chronic energy deficiency. Conclusion and recommendation. Chronic energy deficiency among male adults in Ethiopia was a high public health problem. Marital status, wealth index, occupation, and region were significant predictors of chronic energy deficiency. The Ministry of Health with other partners should strictly monitor and evaluate interventions that are being applied and should give focus to adult men to prevent malnutrition.

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Debelew, Gurmesa Tura, and Mahilet Berhanu Habte. "Contraceptive Method Utilization and Determinant Factors among Young Women (15-24) in Ethiopia: A Mixed-Effects Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis of the Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 Household Survey." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 5, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6642852.

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Despite highly effective modern contraceptive methods (both short and long acting) are made widely available and accessible globally, their utilization remains low among young women in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study is aimed at determining its status and identifying the determinant factors by using nationally representative data. A multilevel analysis of the nationwide Performance Monitoring for Action 2018 of Ethiopia round 6 data, collected from June to July, 2018, was conducted. A total of 982 both married and unmarried young women (15-24) were included in the analysis. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the status of contraceptive method utilization and unmet need across regions. A mixed-effects multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of the contraceptive method utilization. Adjusted odds ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to show the significance of the associations at p < 0.05 . The status of contraceptive method utilization was 54.8% (95% CI: 51.7%, 57.9%), and 18.6% (95% CI: 16.3%, 21.2%) had unmet need. Afar (12.3%), Harari (12.5%), and Ethiopian Somali (20.0%) regions had the lowest contraceptive method utilization. Wealth quintiles and religion were the higher level variables affecting contraceptive method utilization among the young women. Age, marital status, parity, future birth intention, and knowledge of contraceptive methods were the individual level factors identified as determinants of contraceptive method use among the young women. In conclusion, the status of contraceptive method utilization among the young women in Ethiopia is promising as compared to the national target of 55% for 2020; however, still high unmet need exists. The factors also exist both at the contextual and at individual levels. Hence, multilevel interventions need to be in place giving special emphasis to the low performing regions. Besides, region-specific behavioral interventions and family planning services that will be able to reach the young women need to be designed.

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Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Lemma Derseh Gezie, and Solomon Gedlu Nigatu. "Spatial distribution of stillbirth and associated factors in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis." BMJ Open 10, no. 10 (October 2020): e034562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034562.

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ObjectiveAlthough the rate of stillbirth has decreased globally, it remains unacceptably high in developing countries. Today, only 10 countries share the burden of more than 65% of the global rate of stillbirth and these include Ethiopia. Ethiopia ranks seventh in terms of high rate of stillbirths. Exploring the spatial distribution of stillbirth is critical to developing successful interventions and monitoring public health programmes. However, there is no study on the spatial distribution and the associated factors of stillbirth in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the spatial distribution and the associated factors of stillbirth.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted based on the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 11 375 women were included in the analysis. The Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan V.9.6 to identify hotspot areas and ArcGIS V.10.6 to explore the spatial distribution of stillbirth. For associated factors, a multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted using STATA V.14 software. Variables with a p value of less than 0.2 were considered for the multivariable multilevel analysis. In the multivariable multilevel analysis, adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI was reported to reveal significantly associated factors of stillbirth.ResultsThe spatial analysis showed that stillbirth has significant spatial variation across the country. The SaTScan analysis identified significant primary clusters of stillbirth in the Northeast Somali region (log likelihood ratio (LLR)=13.4, p<0.001) and secondary clusters in the border area of Oromia and Amhara regions (LLR=8.8, p<0.05). In the multilevel analysis, rural residence (AOR=4.83, 95% CI 1.44 to 16.19), primary education (AOR=0.39, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.74), no antenatal care (ANC) visit (AOR=2.77, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.51), caesarean delivery (AOR=5.07, 95% CI 1.65 to 15.58), birth interval <24 months (AOR=1.95, 95% CI 1.20 to 3.10) and height <150 cm (AOR=2.73, 95% CI 1.45 to 4.97) were significantly associated with stillbirth.Conclusion and recommendationIn Ethiopia, stillbirth had significant spatial variations across the country. Residence, maternal stature, preceding birth interval, caesarean delivery, education and ANC visit were significantly associated with stillbirth. Therefore, public health interventions that enhance maternal healthcare service utilisation and maternal education in hotspot areas of stillbirth are crucial to reducing stillbirth in Ethiopia.

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Shuriye, Abdi O., and Mosud T. Ajala. "The Future of Statehood in East Africa." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p221.

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<p>With the deterioration of political and security situations in Somalia and Kenya’s involvement in the war against al-shabaab as well as its political miscalculation and the lack of exit plan, add to this, the fading democratic conditions in Eritrea, accompanied by the political uncertainties in Ethiopia, since the demise Meles Zenawi Asres and the extermination of the opponents, as shown in last general election, as well as the one-man-show political scenario in Uganda and the likely disintegration of Tanzania into Zanzibar and Tanganyika, indicated by the ongoing elections; the political future of East African governments is predictably taking erroneous turns. It seems therefore, God forbids, there is a political catastrophe in the making as far as the state as an authoritative institution is concerned in East Africa.<br />One observes that the social fabric of these states, take Kenya, which used to be a solid in its social and political values, as an example, is drastically changing into a pattern-of-Somali-like tribal syndrome. The expiration of the government institutions, civil societies, law and order in Eritrea, the austere political future of Djibouti, the irrepressible and incurable wounds of Burundi and Rwanda are shrilling pointers of such fear.<br />Not to forget, the strained Muslim-Christian relations, which is now deeply rooted in these communities and states, the thick-headedness of most East Africa’s political leaders and the rapid increase of the youth population as well as the proxy war in business between China and the West on the region. These factors are the core indicators of the future of state and strong government in East Africa. The study covers several nations in East Africa including Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda.</p>

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Hagmann, Tobias. "Beyond clannishness and colonialism: understanding political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region, 1991–2004." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 4 (October 24, 2005): 509–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001205.

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This article proposes an alternative interpretation of political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Regional State since the rise to power of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in 1991. Some observers have perceived contemporary politics in the former Ogaden as an example of ‘internal colonisation’ by highland Ethiopians. Others attribute political instability to the ‘nomadic culture’ inherent in the Somali clan structure and the ineptness of its political leaders. This study argues that neither of these two politicised narratives grasps the contradictory interactions between the federal Ethiopian government and its Somali periphery, nor the recursive relations between state and society. With reference to the literature on neo-patrimonialism, I elucidate political disorder in the Somali Region by empirically describing hybrid political domination, institutional instability, and patronage relations, showing how neo-patrimonial rule translates into contested statehood in the region and political devices ranging from military coercion to subtle co-optation. Rather than unilateral domination, a complex web of power and manipulation between parts of the federal and regional authorities animates political disorder in Ethiopia's Somali Region.

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Muche, Amare, Mequannent Sharew Melaku, Erkihun Tadesse Amsalu, and Metadel Adane. "Using geographically weighted regression analysis to cluster under-nutrition and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia: Evidence from demographic and health survey." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 21, 2021): e0248156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248156.

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Background Malnutrition among under-five children is a common public health problem and it is one of the main cause for the mortality of under-five children in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Therefore, lack of evidence about geographic heterogeneity and predictors of under-nutrition hinders for evidence-based decision-making process for the prevention and control programs of under-nutrition in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to address this gap. Methods The data were obtained from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) 2016. A total of 9,384 under-five children nested in 645 clusters were included with a stratified two-stage cluster sampling. ArcGIS version 10.5 software was used for global, local and ordinary least square analysis and mapping. The spatial autocorrelation (Global Moran’s I) statistic was held in order to assess the pattern of wasting, stunting, and underweight whether it was dispersed, clustered, or randomly distributed. In addition, a Bernoulli model was used to analyze the purely spatial cluster detection of under-nutrition indicators through SaTScan version 9.6 software. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) version 4.0 software was used to model spatial relationships in the GWR analysis. Finally, a statistical decision was made at p-value<0.05 with 95%CI for ordinary least square analysis and geographically weighted regression. Main findings Childhood under-nutrition showed geographical variations at zonal levels in Ethiopia. Accordingly, Somali region (Afder, Gode, Korahe, Warder Zones), Afar region (Zone 2), Tigray region (Southern Zone), and Amhara region (Waghmira Zones) for wasting, Amhara region (West Gojam, Awi, South Gondar, and Waghmira Zones) for stunting and Amhara region (South Wollo, North Wollo, Awi, South Gondar, and Waghmira zones), Afar region (Zone 2), Tigray region (Eastern Zone, North Western Zone, Central Zone, Southern Zone, and Mekele Special Zones), and Benshangul region (Metekel and Assosa Zones) for underweight were detected as hot spot (high risk) regions. In GWR analysis, had unimproved toilet facility for stunting, wasting and underweight, father had primary education for stunting and wasting, father had secondary education for stunting and underweight, mothers age 35–49 years for wasting and underweight, having female children for stunting, having children eight and above for wasting, and mother had primary education for underweight were significant predictors at (p<0.001). Conclusions Our study showed that the spatial distribution of under-nutrition was clustered and high-risk areas were identified in all forms of under-nutrition indicators. Predictors of under-nutrition were identified in all forms of under-nutrition indicators. Thus, geographic-based nutritional interventions mainly mobilizing additional resources could be held to reduce the burden of childhood under-nutrition in hot spot areas. In addition, improving sanitation and hygiene practice, improving the life style of the community, and promotion of parent education in the identified hot spot zones for under-nutrition should be more emphasized.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Somali Region (Ethiopia)'

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