Journal articles: 'Somalia – Description and travel'

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Polezzi, Loredana. "Description, appropriation, transformation: Fascist rhetoric and colonial nature." Modern Italy 19, no. 3 (2014): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.927355.

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During the period of Fascism, a variety of discourses and representations were attached to colonial landscapes and to their uses. African nature was the subject of diverse rhetorical strategies, which ranged from the persistence of visions of wilderness as the locus of adventure to the domesticating manipulations of an incipient tourist industry aiming to familiarise the Italian public with relatively tame forms of the exotic. Contrasting images of bareness and productivity, primitivism and modernisation, resistance to change and dramatic transformation found their way into accounts of colonial territories ranging from scientific and pseudo-scientific reports to children's literature, from guidebooks to travel accounts, all of which were sustained not just by written texts but also by iconographic representations. This article will look at the specific example of accounts of Italian Somalia in order to explore Fascist discourses regarding colonial nature and its appropriation. Documents examined will include early guidebooks to the colonies, a small selection of travel accounts aimed at the general public, as well as the works of a number of geographers and geologists who were among the most active polygraphs of the period, and whose writings addressed a wide range of Italian readers.

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Khalif, Hassan Bedel, Abdulsatar Mukhtar Abubakar, Ali Abdi Mohamed, and Omar Abdulle Omar. "Descriptive Study on Driving Time and Crime Events of Bajaj-Motor Tri-Cycles in Mogadishu City- Somalia in January-April 2022." East African Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajis.5.1.676.

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The study was a descriptive study on driving time and crime events of Bajaj-motor tri-cycles in Mogadishu city- Somalia in January 2022. It was investigating the prevalence and challenges of passengers on Moto Bajaj at a different point in time of the day. As shown by the evidence of prior studies that Kidnapping, rape, murder and Robbery were very common based on the time of the day. The study aimed to investigate the status of Kidnapping, rape, murder, and Robbery in Banadir region. The study collected through KOBO, an electronic means of data collection from a sample size of 350, randomly selected using systematic sampling and descriptive cross sectional study design. Data was analysed using SPSS, frequency table, charts analysis was employed. Based on the study findings that the study contributed, the following times in the day midnight, evening and late afternoon as an imbedded risk for all types of Moto Baja passengers including the innocent civilian property, dignity of young girls and life, as these are the essential human rights. The study found that a rape and abduction were more common during midnight travellers with Moto Bajaj while robbery was very common during afternoon and evening times. These are the study contribution by informing the public to have further precautions and safety when travelling midnight, evening and later afternoon times in the day and should provoke to your thoughts and do some mitigation measures. The study discovered that the contributing factors include unemployment, drug abuse, and travelling dark places in the city to the crime events in the capital city Mogadishu. The study recommends Minimal safe time for travelling with Baja moto is at the day light in the late morning and noon and early afternoon. Minimize or avoid travelling with Moto Bajaj at evening and late afternoon times. As this has revealed certain risk of exposure for robbery The study recommends to the Authority to increase and create job opportunities as employment is one of the contributing factors for the crime events. All types of passengers should be alerted when it is the only option to travel with Moto Bajaj whose driver is a drug user, or traveling in dark places in the Mogadishu, as this will put the additional risk of being exposed to crime events.

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Lonergan, David. "Lemuria—Description and Travel." Community & Junior College Libraries 15, no. 3 (2009): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02763910902979486.

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HJERTSON, M., and A. G. MILLER. "A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW COMBINATION IN CAMPYLANTHUS (SCROPHULARIACEAE)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 57, no. 2 (2000): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000159.

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Campylanthus parviflorus Hjertson & Miller from Somalia is described. The status of Campylanthus incanus A.G. Miller and Campylanthus incanus var. anisotrichus A.G. Miller, also from Somalia, in relation to the new species is discussed, and it is concluded that a change in rank of the latter is necessary. The new combination Campylanthus anisotrichus (A.G. Miller) Hjertson & A.G. Miller is made, and an amplified description of this species is given.

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Mezin, Sergey A. "Moscow Travel Guide for Voltaire." Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 21, no. 4 (2021): 431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2021-21-4-431-436.

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The manuscript “Description of the city of Moscow” from the Voltaire Library has been subjected to special study for the first time. In this essay, the ancient Russian capital is presented as a vast and crowded city, the distinctive feature of which is the abundance of churches and monasteries. The description of the city is conducted according to the historically formed parts: the Kremlin, Kitay-gorod, White City, Earthen City. The description is based on the “Plan of the Imperial city of Moscow” by I. Michurin (1739). The most likely the author of this kind of guidebooks is I. C. Taubert.

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AKHILESH, K. V., K. K. BINEESH, C. P. R. SHANIS, B. A. HUMAN, and U. GANGA. "Rediscovery and description of the quagga shark, Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from the southwest coast of India." Zootaxa 2781, no. 1 (2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2781.1.3.

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The Quagga shark Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) is one of the poorest known scyliorhinid (Carcharhiniformes) sharks of the world, described from a single specimen collected from the Arabian Sea coast of India (off Malabar). Since its description, the only other published reports of this species are of specimens from Somalia. This paper reports on H. quagga from Indian waters, more than 100 years after its description, and only the third report of specimens of this species globally. A re-description of H. quagga is also provided based on the recent Indian specimens.

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Jung, In-Chul. "Herodotus’ Histories as Travel Writing and Geographical Description." Association of Korean Cultural and Historical Geographers 30, no. 2 (2018): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29349/jchg.2018.30.2.28.

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Dewi Amelia Lestari. "TINJAUAN JOB DESCRIPTION STAFF CUSTOMER SERVICE TERHADAP TINGKAT KUALITAS PELAYANAN DI PT ROSALIA INDAH TOUR & TRAVEL SLAMET RIYADI." NAWASENA : Jurnal Ilmiah Pariwisata 1, no. 2 (2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.56910/nawasena.v1i2.333.

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Dilihat dari segi semakin padatnya penduduk serta kebutuhan yang semakin tinggi, menjadikan daerah Surakarta dan sekitarnya menjadi potensi pasar tersendiri untuk industri transportasi. Salah satu perusahaan transportasi secara nasional yang berada di wilayah Surakarta adalah PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Selama ini belum diketahui pelaksanaan job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi dan tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi, padahal saat ini kompetitor semakin banyak dan berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dimana metode pengumpulan data dengan melakukan observasi, studi pustaka, dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: Pertama, bahwa job description staff customer service terdapat 15 point sesuai dengan dokumen job description staff customer service di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel Slamet Riyadi. Kedua, pelaksanaan mengenai job description staff customer service ada 76,7 % menjawab sudah melaksanakan dan 23,3 % menjawab kadang-kadang melaksanakan. Sedangkan penilaian pelaksanaan job description staff customer service dapat diketahui bahwa ada 2 (100%) orang staff (Customer Service) yang sudah melaksanakan job description. Ketiga, prosentase tingkat kualitas pelayanan di PT Rosalia Indah Tour & Travel harapan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat penting 49,3%, penting 50,2% dan kurang penting 0,4%. Sedangkan untuk prosentase kenyataan dari segi mutu, proses dan service sangat baik 30,2%, baik 64% dan kurang baik 4,4%. 

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De Bondt, Wendy, and Nele Audenaert. "Checkmate at the Check-In. Discrimination or Transatlantic People Smuggling from Brussels National Airport." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 5, no. 2 (2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v5i2.1459.

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Pursuant to the so-called American travel ban, nationals from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen were denied access to US territory. Consequently airline companies are performing additional checks at the check-in in order to avoid allowing passengers on board who are not in the possession of the required travelling documents to be allowed into the United States. The authors argue that the American travel ban puts airline companies operating from Brussels National Airport, Belgium within the scope of several criminal law provisions. Obeying the travel ban and denying the passengers access to the plane could constitute a form of indirect discrimination based on nationality. Disobeying the travel ban and granting the passengers access to the plane could constitute a form of people smuggling. In its current form, taking account of the interpretation provided in jurisprudence, the Belgian criminal law does not provide a clear way out of this situation. The situation is therefore described as checkmate at the check-in and is used to urge policy makers to provide a more clear legal framework for companies (in this case airline companies) who find themselves confronted with incompatibilities between different legal systems.

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Thulin, Mats. "Expansion of Crabbea (Acanthaceae) and the description of two new species from Somalia." Nordic Journal of Botany 24, no. 5 (2004): 501–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2004.tb01629.x.

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Rose-Redwood, CindyAnn, and Reuben Rose-Redwood. "Rethinking the Politics of the International Student Experience in the Age of Trump." Journal of International Students 7, no. 3 (2017): I—IX. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v7i3.201.

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We are living in troubling and uncertain times. Xenophobia is on the rise as right-wing, authoritarian nationalism has witnessed significant electoral gains and the very ideals of democratic inclusiveness and international pluralism are under direct attack. With the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States, the country with the largest share of international students globally is increasingly becoming an unwelcoming place to study abroad. On January 27, 2017, Trump issued an executive order prohibiting entry of citizens from seven Muslim-majority countries(Iran, Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen), and severely restricting the admission of refugees, into the United States. This initial attempt at a “Muslim travel ban” was subsequently blocked by the federal courts, yet the ongoing efforts of the current U.S. administration to discriminate against Muslim travelers at the border have had a chilling effect on international travel more generally

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Barkasi, Michael, and Melanie G. Rosen. "Is mental time travel real time travel?" Philosophy and the Mind Sciences 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33735/phimisci.2020.1.28.

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Episodic memory (memories of the personal past) and prospecting the future (anticipating events) are often described as mental time travel (MTT). While most use this description metaphorically, we argue that episodic memory may allow for MTT in at least some robust sense. While episodic memory experiences may not allow us to literally travel through time, they do afford genuine awareness of past-perceived events. This is in contrast to an alternative view on which episodic memory experiences present past-perceived events as mere intentional contents. Hence, episodic memory is a way of coming into experiential contact with, or being again aware of, what happened in the past. We argue that episodic memory experiences depend on a causal-informational link with the past events being remembered, and that, assuming direct realism about episodic memory experiences, this link suffices for genuine awareness. Since there is no such link in future prospection, a similar argument cannot be used to show that it also affords genuine awareness of future events. Constructivist views of memory might challenge the idea of memory as genuine awareness of remembered events. We explain how our view is consistent with both constructivist and anti-causalist conceptions of memory. There is still room for an interpretation of episodic memory as enabling genuine awareness of past events, even if it involves reconstruction.

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TSUBOI, Hyota, and Takamasa AKIYAMA. "Fuzzy-Neural Network Models for Description of Travel Behaviour." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 14 (1997): 567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.14.567.

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Rigon, Riccardo, Marialaura Bancheri, and Timothy R. Green. "Age-ranked hydrological budgets and a travel time description of catchment hydrology." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 12 (2016): 4929–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4929-2016.

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Abstract. The theory of travel time and residence time distributions is reworked from the point of view of the hydrological storages and fluxes involved. The forward and backward travel time distribution functions are defined in terms of conditional probabilities. Previous approaches that used fixed travel time distributions are not consistent with our new derivation. We explain Niemi's formula and show how it can be interpreted as an expression of the Bayes theorem. Some connections between this theory and population theory are identified by introducing an expression which connects life expectancy with travel times. The theory can be applied to conservative solutes, including a method of estimating the storage selection functions. An example, based on the Nash hydrograph, illustrates some key aspects of the theory. Generalization to an arbitrary number of reservoirs is presented.

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Todoran, Corina, and Claudette Peterson. "Should They Stay or Should They Go? How the 2017 U.S. Travel Ban Affects International Doctoral Students." Journal of Studies in International Education 24, no. 4 (2019): 440–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1028315319861344.

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In the wake of the U.S. government’s executive orders restricting travel from six Muslim-majority countries (Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, and Yemen) in January 2017, we collected data from four focus groups consisting of international doctoral students aiming to provide insight on the following research question: How do international doctoral students make sense of the U.S. political climate on their lived experiences? This article contributes to the literature by discussing a timely issue concerning international students in the United States and points out that the 2017 travel ban has affected not only international doctoral students from those banned countries but has also alarmed students from other countries, who described the climate as stressful, confusing, and hostile. Several students changed their travel plans for conferences or family visits being worried that they might not be able to reenter the United States. Other students feared the immigration rules might suddenly change and affect their visa status. Students also expressed their concerns in regard to job prospects after graduation. This article derives from a larger qualitative study exploring the experiences of international doctoral students in the U.S. academic and cultural settings.

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Taylor, Kathryn. "Making Statesmen, Writing Culture: Ethnography, Observation, and Diplomatic Travel in Early Modern Venice." Journal of Early Modern History 22, no. 4 (2018): 279–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342596.

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AbstractNumerous scholars have sought to locate the origins of social scientific research in the late-sixteenth-century ars apodemica, the northern European body of literature dedicated to methodizing educational travel. Little attention has been paid, however, to the earlier model of educational travel that emerged from sixteenth-century Venetian diplomatic culture. For many Venetian citizens and patricians, accompanying an ambassador on a foreign mission served as a cornerstone of their political education. Diplomatic travelers were encouraged to keep written accounts of their voyage. Numerous examples of these journals survive from the sixteenth century, largely following a standard formula and marked by an emphasis on the description of customs. This article examines the educational function of diplomatic travel in Venice and the practices of cultural description that emerged from diplomatic travel, arguing that Venetian diplomatic travel offers an earlier model for the methodization of travel—one with its own distinctive norms of observation.

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Weber, Sylvain, Martin Péclat, and August Warren. "Travel distance and travel time using Stata: New features and major improvements in georoute." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 22, no. 1 (2022): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x221083857.

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The community-contributed command georoute is designed to calculate travel distance and travel time between two addresses or two geographical points identified by their coordinates. Since its conception and description by Weber and Péclat (2017, Stata Journal 17: 962–971), the command has been gradually maintained and enriched. The new version of georoute presented in this article encompasses major improvements, such as the possibility to specify transport mode and departure time. The new features open the way to a multitude of more sophisticated research applications.

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Kinsley, Zoë. "Narrating Travel, Narrating the Self: Considering Women‘s Travel Writing as Life Writing." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 90, no. 2 (2014): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.90.2.5.

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This article considers the ways in which eighteenth-century womens travel narratives function as autobiographical texts, examining the process by which a travellers dislocation from home can enable exploration of the self through the observation and description of place. It also, however, highlights the complexity of the relationship between two forms of writing which a contemporary readership viewed as in many ways distinctly different. The travel accounts considered, composed (at least initially) in manuscript form, in many ways contest the assumption that manuscript travelogues will somehow be more self-revelatory than printed accounts. Focusing upon the travel writing of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Katherine Plymley, Caroline Lybbe Powys and Dorothy Richardson, the article argues for a more historically nuanced approach to the reading of womens travel writing and demonstrates that the narration of travel does not always equate to a desired or successful narration of the self.

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GODIN, OLEG A. "A 2-D DESCRIPTION OF SOUND PROPAGATION IN A HORIZONTALLY-INHOMOGENEOUS OCEAN." Journal of Computational Acoustics 10, no. 01 (2002): 123–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x02001425.

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Effects of horizontal refraction on underwater sound propagation in deep and shallow water are considered within geometrical acoustics and adiabatic normal modes approximations. Several distinct formulations of the adiabatic approximation have been proposed in the literature on modal propagation. These formulations differ in the predicted values of mode amplitudes and, hence, in their reciprocity and energy-conserving properties. The formulations are compared with respect to their accuracy and domain of validity, assuming small and smooth variation of mode propagation constants characteristic of underwater acoustic waveguides. Perturbation theory for horizontal (modal) rays is used in the analysis. An approximate expression for the adiabatic mode amplitude in 3-D problems is derived which requires environmental information only along the source-receiver radial and which has greater accuracy than previous formulations. It is shown that the uncoupled azimuth approximation, also known as the N × 2-D approximation, overestimates travel times of ray arrivals as well as phases of adiabatic normal modes in a horizontally-inhomogeneous ocean. The travel time and phase biases rapidly increase with the value of cross-range environmental gradients and propagation range. Simple and explicit expressions for leading-order corrections to the travel time and the phase are found in terms of path-averaged cross-range environmental gradients. Implications on applicability of the uncoupled azimuth approximation for sound propagation modeling in a horizontally-inhomogeneous ocean are discussed. A perfect-wedge model of the coastal ocean is chosen to illustrate the importance of the travel-time and phase biases due to horizontal refraction.

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McGrath, Pam. "Relocation for treatment for leukaemia: A description of need." Australian Health Review 21, no. 4 (1998): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah980143.

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As rural Queenslanders are isolated geographically due to dispersed populationpatterns, they are often required to travel long distances to access services, especiallyservices of a specialist nature. The distress of this relocation for treatment is particularlyintensified for patients with leukaemia and associated haematological disorders andtheir carers, as they must often relocate for long periods of time and face invasive anddemanding treatments away from the comfort of their own homes. Because suchtreatments are now highly technical and specialised, even patients from moreurbanised areas are also required to relocate for prolonged specialist treatment notavailable locally. Consequently, for many rural and urban patients with leukaemia,relocation for specialist treatment is a major concern.This discussion presents findings from recent research on a Queensland Governmentinitiative, the Patient Transit Assistance Scheme, designed to address this concern.These findings indicate a high level of hardship for these patients and their familieswho must travel long distances, often relocate for long periods, and endure additionalfinancial burdens at a time when a majority are dependent on government assistance.

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Meregalli, Massimo. "Notes on the genusPachycerusSchoenherr 1823 with description of a new species from Somalia (Coleoptera Curculionidae Lixinae)." Tropical Zoology 15, no. 2 (2002): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2002.10531177.

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DRITSAS, LAWRENCE. "From Lake Nyassa to Philadelphia: a geography of the Zambesi Expedition, 1858–64." British Journal for the History of Science 38, no. 1 (2005): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087404006454.

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This paper is about collecting, travel and the geographies of science. At one level it examines the circumstances that led to Isaac Lea's description in Philadelphia of six freshwater mussel shells of the family Unionidae, originally collected by John Kirk during David Livingstone's Zambesi Expedition, 1858–64. At another level it is about how travel is necessary in the making of scientific knowledge. Following these shells from south-eastern Africa to Philadelphia via London elucidates the journeys necessary for Kirk and Lea's scientific work to progress and illustrates that the production of what was held to be malacological knowledge occurred through collaborative endeavours that required the travel of the specimens themselves. Intermediaries in London acted to link the expedition, Kirk's efforts and Lea's classification across three continents and to facilitate the novel description of six species of freshwater mussel. The paper demonstrates the role of travel in the making of mid-nineteenth-century natural history and in developing the relationships and credibility necessary to perform the research on which classifications undertaken elsewhere were based.

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Xu, Meng, and Zhongke Shr. "Behaviors of Outflows under Description of Linear Link Travel Time Model." Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development (English Edition) 1, no. 1 (2006): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jhtrcq.0000148.

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BRUCE, A. J. "A revision of the systematic position of Periclimenaeus spinimanus Bruce, 1969 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pontoniinae) and the designation of Anisomenaeus gen. nov." Zootaxa 2372, no. 1 (2010): 338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2372.1.25.

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In the course of studying a number of Indo-West Pacific species of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile, 1915, it was noticed that Periclimenaeus spinimanus Bruce, 1969, does not fit the current definition of the genus (Bruce 1995), where the species was unfortunately used to illustrate the genus Periclimenaeus. The species is known only from the type specimen collected off Ras Asir, Somalia, at 67.5–73.1 m, during the course of the R.V. Anton Bruun cruise 9 of the International Indian Ocean Expedition in 1964. A preliminary description was provided by Bruce (1969) and later, a more detailed illustrated description (Bruce 1978). The species lacks a molar process on the dactylus and an opposing fossa on the fixed finger of the major second pereiopod, the major diagnostic character of the genus Periclimenaeus Borradaile. A new mono-specific genus is now proposed for its reception.

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Katsoni, Vicky, and Anna Fyta. "From Pausanias to Baedeker and Trip Advisor: Textual proto-tourism and the engendering of tourism distribution channels." Turyzm/Tourism 31, no. 1 (2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.31.1.11.

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The key aim of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary look at tourism and its diachronic textual threads bequeathed by the ‘proto-tourist’ texts of the Greek travel author Pausanias. Using the periegetic, travel texts from his voluminous Description of Greece (2nd century CE) as a springboard for our presentation, we intend to show how the textual strategies employed by Pausanias have been received and still remain at the core of contemporary series of travel guides first authored by Karl Baedeker (in the 19th century). After Baedeker, Pausanias’ textual travel tropes, as we will show, still inform the epistemology of modern-day tourism; the interaction of travel texts with travel information and distribution channels produces generic hybrids, and the ancient Greek travel authors have paved the way for the construction of networks, digital storytelling and global tourist platforms.

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Pendyala, Ram M., Ryuichi Kitamura, Akira Kikuchi, Toshiyuki Yamamoto, and Satoshi Fujii. "Florida Activity Mobility Simulator." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1921, no. 1 (2005): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105192100114.

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The development of modeling systems for activity-based travel demand ushers in a new era in transportation demand forecasting and planning. A comprehensive multimodal activity-based system for forecasting travel demand was developed for implementation in Florida and resulted in the Florida Activity Mobility Simulator (FAMOS). Two main modules compose the FAMOS microsimulation model system for modeling activity–travel patterns of individuals: the Household Attributes Generation System and the Prism-Constrained Activity–Travel Simulator. FAMOS was developed and estimated with household activity and travel data collected in southeast Florida in 2000. Results of the model development effort are promising and demonstrate the applicability of activity-based model systems in travel demand forecasting. An overview of the model system, a description of its features and capabilities, and preliminary validation results are provided.

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Zhang, Quan, and Juan Li. "Self-Organized Critical Condition of Travel Mode Choice Model Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 2235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2235.

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By studying the service property of different travel modes, the self-organization theory presented in this paper to research the self-organized criticality, highlighting by the discovery and description of self-organized critical condition of travel mode choice, is of inspiring importance. The state equation and critical property analysis proposed in the paper is validated by practical example in Macao.

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Goperhoeva, D. R. "REFLECTIONS OF N. V. GOGOL ABOUT HIS TRAVELS IN RUSSIA AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF A. S. PUSHKIN’S LITERARY TRAVELS." Culture and Text, no. 45 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2305-4077-2021-2-47-54.

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The article discusses the attitude of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol to the journey and its description - a travelogue. The material for the analysis was “Travel to Arzrum during the campaign of 1829”, the article “Travel from Moscow to St. Petersburg” by Pushkin and the chapter “We need to travel around Russia” in “Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends” by Gogol, where travel topics are most fully presented. It is noted that Pushkin appreciated the travel genre for its versatility and the ability to combine different topics - both global and private. In contrast to him, Gogol argued that traveling around Russia and observing its life would help compatriots overcome ignorance in relation to themselves and the world around them. The differences in the approaches of Pushkin and Gogol are also conditioned by the fact that they appealed to travel topics in different periods of the development of travel literature in Russia.

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Kowalenko, Olena. "Radziecki przewodnik turystyczny po Moskwie: retrospektywa." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 11 (December 29, 2017): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2017.44.

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The article gives a brief description of Moscow guide books printed between 1922 and 1991. The retrospective of Soviet texts is preceded by tracing the origins of Moscow travel guides, which goes back to travel notes from the 16th and 17th centuries. The paper presents 34 Soviet itineraries by providing their composition and content summary. Also, it demonstrates and explains the referential and syncretic patterns of Soviet guidebooks, and the shift made at the turn of the NEP era and the 1930s. Tourism evolution, city planning and state censorship are discussed among the factors that influence travel itineraries. The diachronic approach allows to note continuity and transformation elements of Soviet travel guides to Moscow.

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Ramantova, O. V. "The Value Semantics in “Intelligent Travel” Discourse." Discourse 7, no. 4 (2021): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2021-7-4-92-103.

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Introduction. The present paper aims at describing the results of researching the axiological aspect of the category “intelligent travel” functioning in the English language travel discourse. The relevance of the research is defined, firstly, by continuously developing tourist industry and the emergence of new tourist concepts which are embodied in numerous travel editions and, secondly, by insufficient knowledge of axiological aspect of certain travel-genres. The research is completed within the anthropooriented paradigm of linguistic studies and thus contributes to the development of this approach. The novelty of the study lies in revealing specific values represented in intelligent travel-texts and forming a special value line.Methodology and sources. The research is based on the English language texts about travelling. National Geographic was used as the main source of material. For the selection of travel texts, the continuously sampling method was used. The general methodology of studying the “intelligent/slow travel” concept also includes the method of semantic analysis, the method of semantic-stylistic analysis, elements of communicative-pragmatic analysis.Results and discussion. The results of the study include the description of the content of the intelligent travel category, the review of existing types of values, and the description of basic meanings forming the value picture of the world in travel-texts of this genre – sensory values, aesthetic values, morally-ethical and rationalistic value meanings. Within this research it is important to consider “anti-value” which is represented predominantly in texts about wildlife conservation and which enhances the pragmatic impact of the text on the reader. The result of the study is the conclusion about certain language specific of the category of intelligent travelling which is actualized through special value prism.Conclusion. The study reveals the specificity of the value paradigm of slow/intelligent travel texts. The semantic space of texts about intelligent travelling is filled with certain value markers in total constructing the value picture of the world through the prism o f which the travelling and experiencing author expresses not only his own vision of things, but the moral side of life aspects. The chosen methodology can be applied for further research and similar studies of other genres of travel-discourse.

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Chen, Qi, Yibo Yan, Xu Zhang, and Jian Chen. "Impact of Subjective and Objective Factors on Bus Travel Intention." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12110462.

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Given the lack of quantitative descriptions on the interaction between psychological factors and the built environment in existing urban bus travel behavior, this study examines the simultaneous influences of the objective-built environment and subjective psychological factors on bus travel intentions. An empirical study on the influence path of bus travel intention was conducted using structural equation modeling. Then, personal attribute factors were introduced, and a linear regression model was used to explore the influence of behavioral intentions. This study uses 410 investigated samples from the residents in Zhengzhou, China. The findings proved that psychological factors play mediating roles between the travel environment and its impact on travel behaviors and confirms the validity of the description of the measurement variable with respect to the bus travel intentions proposed in the study. We also found that the retirement factor among the personal attribute factors could significantly affect bus travel intentions, which means that the retired group prefers to use buses for traveling. This study shows innovations in catching the intermediary effect of psychological factors between the built environment and travel behavior while also quantifying the effects of both subjective and objective factors when choosing bus travel.

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Giard, J., Patrice Rondao Alface, J. Gala, and B. Macq. "Fast Surface-Based Travel Depth Estimation Algorithm for Macromolecule Surface Shape Description." IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics 8, no. 1 (2011): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcbb.2009.53.

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Hoveyda, Nourieh, Paula McDonald, and Ron H. Behrens. "A Description of Travel Medicine in General Practice: A Postal Questionnaire Survey." Journal of Travel Medicine 11, no. 5 (2006): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7060.2004.19105.

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Bies, Michael. "At the Threshold to the New World." Transfers 6, no. 3 (2016): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2016.060307.

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This article deals with representations of equator crossings in travel literature. Focusing on the accounts of European travelers to Brazil, it considers descriptions of crossing-the-line ceremonies that were performed on board ships since the sixteenth century and shows that, since the late eighteenth century, writers have increasingly staged crossings of the equator as an individual and private experience. Furthermore, it addresses the relation of travel and knowledge that descriptions of equator crossings establish by referring to distinctive epistemological approaches to the New World and by producing a “liminal knowledge” characteristic of travel narratives. The article draws on travel literature from the sixteenth to the twentieth century, paying special attention to the postromantic description of an equator crossing in Claude Lévi-Strauss’s famous memoir Tristes Tropiques.

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Vlasova, Elena G. "Space Narrativisation in the First Travel Guides around the Urals." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 23, no. 2 (2021): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2021.23.2.033.

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This article is devoted to the role of the first Ural travel guides in the general process of the formation of geo-cultural image of the Urals. The author refers to guidebooks from between 1899 and 1904 prepared by the famous Ural journalist V. A. Vesnovsky, which became the first attempt at a holistic description of the region addressed to the general reader. The article focuses on the techniques of space narrativisation, which are actively used by guidebooks, unlike reference books. Narrativisation is seen in its functional aspect: as a way to engage the audience through an emotionally told story. J. Bruner’s idea of the dual landscape of narrative: the landscape of action and the landscape of consciousness is used as the main methodological approach. The analysis reveals the main subject areas of narrativisation in guidebooks, as well as the psychological effects of the stories presented. It is revealed that the narrativisation of space occurs at different levels of the guide: at the level of macrostructure, it is implemented in the travel route, while at the level of content — in the description of attractions, which are the basis of any guide. The discursive narrative methods are methods of the emotional engagement of the reader: reportage description inviting to joint observation and dynamic panoramic vision borrowed from travel essays; an appeal to the reader’s personal experience, as well as dramatisation of the narrative associated with a focus on the characters who act and feel. In the long run, it is concluded that the first Ural travel guides were actively involved in the processes of combining the geo-cultural values of Ural space, proposing subjects for its holistic reading and a variety of involving narratives dedicated to individual locations.

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Foti, R., and J. A. Ramírez. "A mechanistic description of the formation and evolution of vegetation patterns." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 1 (2013): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-63-2013.

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Abstract. Vegetation patterns are a common and well-defined characteristic of many landscapes. In this paper we explore some of the physical mechanisms responsible for the establishment of self-organized, non-random vegetation patterns that arise at the hillslope scale in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In doing so, we provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of vegetation pattern formation and development. Reciprocal effects of vegetation on the hillslope thermodynamics, runoff production and run-on infiltration, root density, surface albedo and soil moisture content are analyzed. In particular, we: (1) present a physically based mechanistic description of processes leading to vegetation pattern formation; (2) quantify the relative impact of each process on pattern formation; and (3) describe the relationships between vegetation patterns and the climatic, hydraulic and topographic characteristics of the system. We validate the model by comparing simulations with observed natural patterns in the areas of Niger near Niamey and Somalia near Garoowe. Our analyses suggest that the phenomenon of pattern formation is primarily driven by run-on infiltration and mechanisms of facilitation/inhibition among adjacent vegetation groups, mediated by vegetation effects on soil properties and controls on soil moisture and albedo. Nonetheless, even in presence of those mechanisms, patterns arise only when the climatic conditions, particularly annual precipitation and net radiation, are favorable.

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Foti, R., and J. A. Ramírez. "A mechanistic description of the formation and evolution of vegetation patterns." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, no. 7 (2012): 8737–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-8737-2012.

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Abstract. Vegetation patterns are a common and well-defined characteristic of many landscapes. In this paper we explore some of the physical mechanisms responsible for the establishment of self-organized, non-random vegetation patterns that arise at the hillslope scale in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In doing so, we provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding of the dynamics of vegetation pattern formation and development. Reciprocal effects of vegetation on the hillslope thermodynamics, runoff production and run-on infiltration, root density, surface albedo and soil moisture content are analyzed. In particular, we: (1) present a physically based mechanistic description of processes leading to vegetation pattern formation; (2) quantify the relative impact of each process on pattern formation; and (3) describe the relationships between vegetation patterns and the climatic, hydraulic and topographic characteristics of the system. We validate the model by comparing simulations with observed natural patterns in the areas of Niger near Niamey and Somalia near Garoowe. Our analyses suggest that the phenomenon of pattern formation is primarily driven by run-on infiltration and mechanisms of facilitation/inhibition among adjacent vegetation groups mediated by vegetation effects on soil properties and controls on soil moisture and albedo. Nonetheless, even in presence of those mechanisms, patterns arise only when the climatic conditions, particularly annual precipitation and net radiation, are favorable.

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Arnold, Lee, and Thomas van der Walt. "Towards a Better Description of Genre Archives: A Case Study of Travel Archives." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 57, no. 6 (2019): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01639374.2019.1656693.

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Loubesi, Jean-Michel, Élie Maza, Marc Lavielle, and Luis Rodriguez. "Road trafficking description and short term travel time forecasting, with a classification method." Canadian Journal of Statistics 34, no. 3 (2006): 475–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjs.5550340307.

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MAZUCH, TOMÁŠ, JIŘÍ ŠMÍD, THOMAS PRICE, et al. "New records of one of the least known snakes, Telescopus pulcher (Squamata: Colubridae) from the Horn of Africa." Zootaxa 4462, no. 4 (2018): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4462.4.2.

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Telescopus pulcher is an enigmatic colubrid snake only known from the holotype and paratype specimens described from ‘Migiurtinia’ in Puntland (Somalia) in 1935. Herein we recorded the third and fourth-ever known specimens of this species from the Toon village, Woqooyi Galbeed Region, and 15 km southeast of Sheikh, Saahil Region, Somaliland. The species is endemic to Somaliland and adjoining parts of Ethiopia and Puntland. Data on morphology and natural history, as well as the first photographs of live specimens are provided. We also provide a detailed description of the paratype. The coloration of the species resembles that of the vipers of the genus Echis and we hypothesize that T. pulcher mimics these common and sympatric vipers in the Horn of Africa.

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Loudon, William R., Janaki Parameswaran, and Brian Gardner. "Incorporating Feedback in Travel Forecasting." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1607, no. 1 (1997): 185–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1607-25.

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The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) introduced new requirements for how transportation modeling for air quality analysis must be performed in nonattainment areas. Because of the degree to which vehicle emission rates (on a grams-per-mile basis) are affected by speed, specific attention has been given to how speeds are estimated and subsequently used in the travel forecasting and emissions estimation process. CAAA and guidelines issued in the years following introduction of the act require that speeds used in the process be realistic in comparison to what might be observed on the road and be reasonably consistent throughout the modeling process. In most traditional modeling processes that model trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, route assignment, and emissions separately and sequentially, it has not been unusual to find different speeds (and travel times) used in different parts of the process. A description of two different research and development efforts that have produced new methods and guidelines for introducing feedback into the travel and emissions forecasting process to ensure consistent use of speeds is provided. COMSIS Corporation developed for FHWA a method for introducing feedback into the traditional four-step process by using an iterative process through all of the steps until the process converged to a stable set of link speeds. The methodology was used to test the effects of introducing feedback on model results under different levels of network congestion (feedback affects the results only when there is congestion in the network). The project resulted in a report documenting the methods, pitfalls, and common concerns for introducing feedback. A summary of the research conclusions from the project is provided.

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Chelazzi, L., G. Bertin, I. Colombini, and G. Poggesi. "RESEARCHES ON THE COAST OF SOMALIA. HETEROCHEIRA MARTELLII ARDOIN, 1974 (COLEOPTERA TENEBRIONIDAE): FIRST DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA." Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 21, no. 1 (1986): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1986.10736704.

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Dąbrowska, Magdalena. "Francja oczami podróżopisarzy rosyjskich (Listy Rosjanina podróżującego po Europie od 1802 do 1806 roku Dmitrija Gorichwostowa)." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 19 (2021): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2021.19.07.

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The paper presents the findings of the research in the field of the Russian and French literary connections in the early 19th century (travels of the Russians to France, the picture of Germany in the Russian documentary and literary travel). The material for the study is based on The Letters of the Russian Travelling across Europe from 1802 to 1806 by Dmitry Gorikhvostov (parts 1–3, Moscow 1808). The interpretive context is the travel literature by Nikolay Karamzin (The Letters of the Russian Traveller, ed. 1801) and Gorikhvostov (The Notes of Russian Travelling across Europe from 1824 to 1827, 1831–1832). The Gorikhvostov’s work is discussed from three perspectives: 1. the purposes of the travel to France and the concept of the traveller; 2. the description of France (travel itinerary: Lille – Reims – Paris – Fontainebleau – Ermenonville etc.: museums, artworks, architecture, places connected with J. J. Rousseau, nature; a short story of the French literature); 3. the traveller’s attitude to France.

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Kühne, Reinhart D., Karin Langbein-Euchner, Martin Hilliges, and Norbert Koch. "Evaluation of Compliance Rates and Travel Time Calculation for Automatic Alternative Route Guidance Systems on Freeways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1554, no. 1 (1996): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155400119.

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This study outlines the concept of extending an available simulation model for evaluation of freeway route guidance systems using the compliance rates of drivers with alternative route recommendations based on measurements from the freeway subnetwork near Munich, Germany. The system works with variable direction signs that automatically display routing instructions to prevent congestion on the main road. The effectiveness of the system is assessed by calculating the travel times with and without an alternative route guidance system in operation. The result is a decrease in individual travel times on the main road and overall travel time savings for all traffic participants of the system. The simulation indicates a high sensitivity of diverting portions of traffic that allows an exact validation. The diverted traffic affects not only travel time and the congested area but also the destinations, which permits the use of the compliance rate as an accurate fit parameter for exact description of traffic patterns from measurement data.

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Tsonis, Jack. ""Another City, Another Sauna"." Fieldwork in Religion 13, no. 1 (2018): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/firn.36290.

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This article explores sauna as a religious identity, focusing on the role of travel in the formation of that identity. While the topic of individualist religious/spiritual worldviews has been much discussed in recent sociological literature, so far the literature has not extended to sauna. In large part this is due to the lack of an identifiable Saunatarian community, but this article overcomes that problem by way of autoethnography. Specifically, the article uses personal narrative about my own travel motto ("Another City, Another Sauna") to provide a thick description in response to calls for more data from persons who identify as spiritual tourists. The final section of the article pushes into theoretical terrain: firstly by justifying the label "spiritual tourism" as an appropriate description, then by considering how the idiosyncratic, unpatterned nature of this case study can help to expand our understanding of spiritual tourism as both a category and a phenomenon.

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Liu, Henry X., Xuegang Ban, Bin Ran, and Pitu Mirchandani. "Formulation and Solution Algorithm for Fuzzy Dynamic Traffic Assignment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1854, no. 1 (2003): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1854-13.

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An issue that is always important in the development of traffic assignment models is how travelers' perceptions of travel time should be modeled. Because travelers rarely have perfect knowledge of the road network or of the travel conditions, they choose routes on the basis of their perceived travel times. Traditionally, travelers' perceived travel times are treated as random variables, leading to the stochastic traffic assignment problem. However, uncertain factors are also observed in the subjective recognition of travel times by travelers, and these can be illustrated as fuzzy variables. Therefore, a fuzzy dynamic traffic assignment model that takes into account the imprecision and the uncertainties in the route choice process is proposed. By modeling the expressions of perceived travel times as fuzzy variables, this model makes possible the description of a traveler's process of choosing a route that is more accurate and realistic than those from its deterministic or stochastic counter parts. The fuzzy perceived link travel time and fuzzy perceived path travel time are defined, and a fuzzy shortest path algorithm is used to find the group of fuzzy shortest paths and to assign traffic to each of them by using the so-called C-logit method. The results of the proposed model are also compared with those from the stochastic dynamic traffic assignment model, and it is demonstrated that the impact of advanced traveler information systems on the traveler's route choice process can be readily incorporated into the proposed model.

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Kovacic, Sanja, Tamara Jovanovic, and Bojana Dinic. "Development and validation of a new measure of travel destination personality." Psihologija 53, no. 1 (2020): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi190423016k.

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The main aim of this study was to develop a new scale for measuring travel destination personality ? the Destination Personality Scale (DPS). It was assumed that DPS will confirm the applicability of the five-factor structure of the original Brand Personality Scale (BPS) by Aaker (1997) when more appropriate adjectives for the description of travel destination personality are generated. Results confirmed the five-factor structure of DPS, with dimensions Excitement, Sincerity, Competence, Ruggedness, and Sophistication. The final version of DPS consists of 24 items and subscales showed good construct (convergent and discriminant) and criterion validity, as well as reliability.

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Renner, Alexander. "Die Bukowina als eine Insel des „Deutschthums“ im Osten? Deutsche Kulturverbreitung und deren Wahrnehmung in Reiseberichten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert." historia.scribere, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15203/historia.scribere.12.622.

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The Bukovina as an island of “Deutschthum” in the East? The diffusion of German culture and its perception in travel reports from the 19th centuryThe following seminar paper outlines the description of the Bukovina, a part of the Habsburg Monarchy, in selected travel reports from the 19th century. It explains why the authors of these reports perceived the Bukovina as an island of German culture in Eastern Europe, which was otherwise labelled as barbaric and underdeveloped. It will be shown that the authors’ subjective observations are not compatible with up-to-date findings of historical research.

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Berger, Jérôme, Marie-José Barbalat, Vanessa Pavón Clément, Blaise Genton, and Olivier Bugnon. "Multidisciplinary Collaboration between a Community Pharmacy and a Travel Clinic in a Swiss University Primary Care and Public Health Centre." Pharmacy 6, no. 4 (2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy6040126.

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This review is a narrative description of a collaboration between a travel clinic and a community pharmacy centre within a university primary care and public health centre (Lausanne/Switzerland). Pharmacists and pharmacy technicians participate in this collaboration to provide 1. counselling and clinical activities with travellers (e.g., pre-travel consultations and advice to travellers), 2. clinical pharmacy expertise and medicine information services (e.g., selection of an appropriate antimalarial medication for a traveller to manage of drug-drug interactions), 3. technical and logistical activities related to medicines and vaccines (e.g., management of vaccine shortages and specially imported medicines and vaccines from foreign countries) and 4. educational activities (e.g., undergraduate pharmacy teaching and continuous education to community pharmacists). Such a multidisciplinary collaboration should be encouraged as it enables us to address the evolution and challenges of travel medicine related to medication, such as growing vaccine shortages and an increasing number of chronic patients who travel. This review may be used as a model for the dissemination of such collaborative practices, to develop future advanced teaching and training activities, to provide a framework for research related to travel and medicines and to participate in the evaluation of vaccination practices by community pharmacists.

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Lee, Raymond L. M. "Travel, Liquidity and Order in Malaysian Modernity." Asian Journal of Social Science 41, no. 6 (2014): 580–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-12341323.

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Abstract The transition from solid to liquid modernity has led Bauman to suggest that nowadays people have come to be like tourists living from one moment to another. Addressing this behavior as the tourist syndrome, he proposes to treat the contemporary meaning of social interaction as inseparable from the consumption of sensations and looseness of ties. This is most apparent in the case of leisure travel where the organization of escapism is premised on the excitement of rapidly changing scenery and absence of belonging. In these scenarios of impermanence, order and regularity are overshadowed by the impulse for disengagement, flexibility and transience. Yet the fluidity of travel is not simply a metaphor for the fading of structured expectations, ordered modalities and patterned perceptions. Many people exposed to the asperity of being on the road do not want to be alienated from the familiar and the predictable. A description of Malaysian travellers on packaged tours suggests that their attraction to the liquid sensationalism of distant travels does not necessarily rule out the predilection for order and habitual attachments. As an aspect of Malaysian modernity, the popularity of packaged tourism reflects the attraction of the affluent middle class to the promotion of liquid leisure in planned travels that do not deny them their sense of order.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Somalia – Description and travel'

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