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1

Ahanonu, Uzochukwu, and Chukwu Mbah. "Interrogating the Multifaceted Nature of the Somalian Conflict and the Challenges for the African Union's Peacekeeping Mandate." Journal of Policy and Development Studies 18, no. 2 (2025): 36–48. https://doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v18i2.3.

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The Somalian conflict remains one of the most protracted and complex crises in Africa, characterized by intersecting factors such as terrorism, clan rivalries, political instability, and regional interference. This study examined how the multifaceted nature of the Somalian conflict has impeded the African Union's ability to fulfil its peacekeeping mandate, with particular focus on the African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). The fundamental objective of the study is to identify the specific challenges posed by the complex dynamics of the conflict and provide actionable recommendations for im
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Musse, Abdifatah Mohamed, Rosemaliza Ab Rashid, and Zairy Zainol. "The Emergence of Islamic Banks in Somalia in the Post-Conflict Era: Prospects and Challenges." Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance 3, no. 1 (2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2019.3.1.64.

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Since the fall of Somalia’s central government in 1991, Somalia experienced an intractable civil war that not only undermined and devastated much of the nations’ social life but also, led to a massive collapse of the country’s financial sector. Nearly a quarter century, Somalia has no functioning financial system due to the conflict and political mayhem. Such circumstances prevented Somalia from developing an effective and coherent financial system. Following the collapse of the country’s institutions, the only financial system that existed during these turbulent times were Xawaalads or money
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OHirsi, PhD, Adam I. "The Imperative of Reforming the Somalia National Curriculum: Addressing Extremism, Historical Narratives, and Contemporary Challenges." Journal of Education 4, no. 4 (2024): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.70619/vol4iss4pp14-24.

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Utilizing a reformed curriculum in the education sector is very critical in meeting learner’s needs and societal demands. As such, careful and well-thought-out curriculum reforms and content diversification ought to be undertaken to adequately address the changing needs of students both domestically and internationally. Somalia's education system was long affected by the war and hence in a bid to bring reforms, it is needful that the existing curriculum addresses extremism, historical narratives, and contemporary challenges. Equally, scholars and educators in Somalia report an urgent need for
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Lubogo, Mutaawe, Buliva Evans, Abubakar Abdinasir, et al. "Responding to cholera outbreaks in Somalia in 2017–2019." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 29, no. 9 (2023): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/emhj.23.096.

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Background: Somalia reported repeated cholera outbreaks between 2017 and 2019. These outbreaks were attributed to multiple risk factors which made response challenging. Aims: To describe lessons from the preparedness and response to the cholera outbreaks in Somalia between 2017 and 2019. Methods: We reviewed outbreak response reports, surveillance records and preparedness plans for the cholera outbreaks in Somalia from January 2017 to December 2019 and other relevant literature. We present data on cholera-related response indicators including cholera cases and deaths and case fatality rates fo
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Hilowle, Ibrahim Farah. "The Impact of Technology on Economic Development in Somalia." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 2, no. 1 (2024): 152–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59336/tp5y6803.

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This study focuses on the impact of technology on economic development in Somalia. The objectives of the study entail: to explore the impact of technology on economic development in Somalia, to analyse the challenges hindering the impact of technology on economic development in Somalia and to determine the necessary strategies to improve the impact of technology on economic development in Somalia. The study employed qualitative research approach and used documentary review to collect data in relation to the impact of technology on economic development in Somalia, the challenges hindering the i
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6

Ibrahim, Abdullahi Ali, Abdiaziz Hassan Nur, Fathi Abdirahman Farah, Sharmake Mohamed Ahmed, and Abas Abdi Warsame. "Impacts of Climate Change on Food Security in Somalia: Challenges and Adaptation Strategies." African Journal of Climate Change and Resource Sustainability 4, no. 1 (2025): 130–47. https://doi.org/10.37284/ajccrs.4.1.2765.

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Climate change significantly threatens food security in Somalia, a nation heavily reliant on agriculture and pastoralism. The country faces challenges such as erratic rainfall, prolonged droughts, floods, and rising temperatures, which disrupt agricultural productivity and exacerbate food insecurity. This paper explores the impacts of climate change on Somalia’s food security and identifies challenges and adaptation strategies. The objectives include understanding the linkage between climate change and food insecurity and proposing actionable solutions to enhance resilience among vulnerable po
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7

Chanie, Tilahun Abere. "Understanding Ethiopia’s Maritime Deal with Somaliland Through Abiy Ahmed’s Foreign Policy." International Journal of Geopolitics and Governance 3, no. 1 (2024): 110–24. https://doi.org/10.37284/ijgg.3.1.2531.

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This paper examines Ethiopia’s maritime deal with the de facto state of Somaliland in line with Abiy Ahmed’s foreign policy. A qualitative approach was employed, and secondary data sources obtained from the literature, such as books, journal articles, government and international organisation reports, newsletters, and other credible internet sources, were analysed through qualitative data analysis techniques. The study's findings can be summarised as follows: The study postulates that Ethiopia’s port deal with Somaliland raises regional tension in the Horn of Africa, a region often known for c
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8

Karawita, Amali Kartika. "Piracy in Somalia: An Analysis of the Challenges Faced by the International Community." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 23, no. 2 (2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.37855.

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Piracy in Somalia is a phenomenon that has presented several challenges for the international community since the beginning of the 21st century. Effectively formulating a plan of action against piracy requires the willingness of the international community to work together by implementing strong multilateral operations between countries and understanding the social and economic difficulties faced by Somalia, which has given rise to the endemic and its expansion throughout the region. Eradicating piracy means tackling the issue on land by confronting Somalia’s extreme poverty and lack of econom
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9

Karawita, Amali Kartika. "Piracy in Somalia : an analysis of the challenges faced by the International Community." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 13, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jhi.v13i1.13946.

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Piracy in Somalia is a phenomenon which has presented many issues and challenges for the international community since the beginning of the 21stcentury. The objective of the paper is to discuss the roots of this phenomenon in Somalia and the response given by the international community to reduce the threat. Effectively formulating a plan of action against piracy requires the willingness of the international community to work together by implementing not only strong multilateral operations and joint cooperation between countries but also to understand the social and economic difficulties faced
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10

Ahmed, Saed Nuh, and Angela Brand. "Tackling the Burden of Substandard and Falsified Medicines and Health Technologies in Somaliland and Somalia." Asian Journal of Medicine and Health 22, no. 12 (2024): 134–55. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajmah/2024/v22i121144.

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Background: The problem posed by the substandard and falsified (SF) medicines is a rising global challenge. WHO estimates that sales of SF medical products in low- and middle-income countries is around US$ 30 billion whereby 1 in 10 medical is substandard or falsified. Objectives: The purpose of this article was to enlighten the actions by the Somali NRA to tackle the scourge of SF medicines in Somalia. Methods: The literature was reviewed on the topic and evidence from other sources were incorporated including reports of post-marketing surveillance surveys, assessments at national and regiona
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11

Farah, Amalow, Isse, and Liu Cheol. "Determinants of Taxpayers’ Compliance in Somalia." International Journal of Economic Policy 5, no. 2 (2025): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.47941/ijecop.2623.

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Purpose: This study explored the key factors influencing tax compliance behavior in Somalia, particularly in the Benadir region. It aimed to understand why some taxpayers comply while others don’t and to provide practical recommendations for improving tax compliance, reducing reliance on foreign aid, and strengthening domestic revenue collection. Methodology: The research relied on qualitative analysis using secondary data from government reports, international organizations like the IMF and World Bank, and studies on taxation in Somalia and similar economies. By reviewing existing literature
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12

Mohamed, Abdisamad H. "The Somalia Conflicts, African Reversal Democracy and Governance. The Case of West Africa." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2025): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(1).08.

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The conflict of Somalia has grassroot factors and complexities since last three decades in the absence of strong central government controlled the entire country, the complexity including Instability, and competition for resources. The war erupted in the late 1980s after the ousting of the Siad Barre regime, resulting in a power vacuum and the emergence of warlords. The situation deteriorated in the 1990s with the rise of Islamist groups, particularly Al-Shabaab, which continues to fight against the Somali interim government and international forces. for the case of west African countries, ten
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Mohamed, Abdisamad H. "The Somalia Conflicts, African Reversal Democracy and Governance. The Case of West Africa." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (2025): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(1).08.

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The conflict of Somalia has grassroot factors and complexities since last three decades in the absence of strong central government controlled the entire country, the complexity including Instability, and competition for resources. The war erupted in the late 1980s after the ousting of the Siad Barre regime, resulting in a power vacuum and the emergence of warlords. The situation deteriorated in the 1990s with the rise of Islamist groups, particularly Al-Shabaab, which continues to fight against the Somali interim government and international forces. for the case of west African countries, ten
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14

Ali, Adan Mohamed Omar. "Judicial Independence in Somalia." Global Journal of Politics and Law Research 12, no. 2 (2024): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/gjplr.2013/vol12n22031.

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This study is to present a comprehensive understanding of the state of judicial independence in Somalia. It specifically focuses on examining the constitutional provisions and legal framework that govern the independence and immunity of judges in Somalia. Additionally, it aims to evaluate international standards of judicial independence, analyze the composition and functions of the Judicial Service Commission (JSC) in terms of the appointment, promotion, and removal procedures of judicial officers in Somalia. Furthermore, the study aims to identify the challenges encountered by the judiciary a
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15

CROWTHER, MAJ J. B., and LTC RON POROPATICH. "Telemedicine in the U.S. Army: Case Reports from Somalia and Croatia." Telemedicine Journal 1, no. 1 (1995): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/tmj.1.1995.1.73.

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16

ENG. Ibrahiim Farah Hilowle. "THE INFLUENCE OF E-MONEY ON CURRENCY CRISIS AND DEPRECIATION IN SOMALIA." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 1, no. 1 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.59336/mjhiu.v1i1.7.

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This study focused on the influence of E-Money on currency shortages and depreciation in Somalia. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of E-Money on currency shortages and depreciation in Somalia. The research used qualitative research approach and collected the data through documentary review of books, articles, journals and reports on the influence of E-Money on currency shortages and depreciation in Somalia. The key findings of the study on the influence of E-Money on currency shortages and depreciation in Somalia encompass: E-money technology lacks security leading to currency
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17

AKHILESH, K. V., K. K. BINEESH, C. P. R. SHANIS, B. A. HUMAN, and U. GANGA. "Rediscovery and description of the quagga shark, Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae) from the southwest coast of India." Zootaxa 2781, no. 1 (2011): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2781.1.3.

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The Quagga shark Halaelurus quagga (Alcock, 1899) is one of the poorest known scyliorhinid (Carcharhiniformes) sharks of the world, described from a single specimen collected from the Arabian Sea coast of India (off Malabar). Since its description, the only other published reports of this species are of specimens from Somalia. This paper reports on H. quagga from Indian waters, more than 100 years after its description, and only the third report of specimens of this species globally. A re-description of H. quagga is also provided based on the recent Indian specimens.
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18

Jama, Dr Dahir Ali. "The Situation of the Arabic language in Somalia Between Spread and Decline: an analytical study." Journal of the Arabian Peninsula Center for Educational and Humanity Researches 2, no. 20 (2024): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.56793/pcra2213203.

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This research aims to trace the status of the Arabic language in Somalia, identifying the reasons for its spread and decline over centuries. The researcher employed a descriptive-analytical documentary approach, analyzing the content of dozens of previous reports and studies. The research consists of an introduction, a conclusion, and five chapters. The first chapter provides a general overview of Somalia (location, history, and the introduction of Arabic). The second chapter examines the status of Arabic in the pre-colonial era. The third chapter discusses the status of Arabic during the colo
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19

Schumm, Walter R., D. Bruce Bell, and Benjamin Knott. "Characteristics of Families of Soldiers Who Return Prematurely from Overseas Deployments: An Assessment from Operation Restore Hope (Somalia)." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_suppl (2000): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1267.

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Nearly 500 wives, married to enlisted soldiers who deployed to Somalia for Operation Restore Hope, participated in a postdeployment study in the summer of 1993 About 10% of their husbands had returned early from Somalia for family reasons. Analysis of their wives' reports suggests that early returns were associated most often with childbirth or problematic pregnancies rather than other factors such as inexperience with deployments, negative attitudes towards the military, a lack of support services, or lower coping abilities. However, in hindsight, our results probably reflect compliance with
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Schumm, Walter R., D. Bruce Bell, and Benjamin Knott. "Characteristics of Families of Soldiers who Return Prematurely from Overseas Deployments: An Assessment from Operation Restore Hope (Somalia)." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_part_2 (2000): 1267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410008600335.2.

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Nearly 500 wives, married to enlisted soldiers who deployed to Somalia for Operation Restore Hope, participated in a postdeployment study in the summer of 1993. About 10% of their husbands had returned early from Somalia for family reasons. Analysis of their wives’ reports suggests that early returns were associated most often with childbirth or problematic pregnancies rather than other factors such as inexperience with deployments, negative attitudes towards the military, a lack of support services, or lower coping abilities. However, in hindsight, our results probably reflect compliance with
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21

Dr., Abdifatah Ahmed Ali Afyare. "Delegation and Administrative Decision Making in Central Government Institutions in Somalia." International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (2024): 26–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11046209.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> In Somali political science literature, the term delegation has been used rather loosely to refer to a wide range of actions and decisions by central governments. These include decisions about agency creation, budgetary allocation, specific project implementation, as well as general decisions on policy and legislation. This last category of delegation is what it known as political delegation, and a focus of a significant amount of delegation theory. Other forms of delegation are decisions of devolution, where the central government assigns tasks and responsibilities
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22

Ahmed, Abdiaziz Abukar. "Youth Participation in Peacebuilding in Somalia: Challenges and Opportunities." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 2, no. 1 (2024): 126–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.59336/e9b1z095.

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This study focuses on the analysis of the challenges and opportunities of youth participation in peacebuilding in Somalia. The main objectives of the study were: to analyse the challenges of youth participation in peacebuilding related to the power dimensions of levels and spaces in Banadir region, Somalia and to explore the opportunities of youth participation in peacebuilding related to the power dimensions of levels and spaces in Somalia. The researcher used a qualitative approach of research to collect and analyse secondary data. The secondary data was collected through documentary review
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Mude, Abdirasak Sharif Ali, Yahye Ahmed Nageye, and Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola. "Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) in Somalia: A systematic review and meta-analysis." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 9, no. 4 (2024): 218–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.043.

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Antimicrobial resistance remains a major challenge in public health. Many reports of resistance to common antibiotics have been documented. The carbapenems are one of the last line antibiotics against many members of the . However, the actual prevalence of carbapenem-resistant in Somalia is unknown. Thus, this present investigation was done to ascertain the actual prevalence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline in the conduct of this study. Searches were conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, S
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Awaale A. A. "Cross-Cultural Influences on Advertising Effectiveness in Somalia." International Journal of Marketing Strategies 6, no. 1 (2024): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijms.1832.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the cross-cultural influences on advertising effectiveness in Somalia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cross-cultural influences on advertising effectiveness highlight the in
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Samatar, Said. "Entrepreneurial Leadership Styles and Business Performance in Somalia." International Journal of Business Strategies 10, no. 2 (2024): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ijbs.2124.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the entrepreneurial leadership styles and business performance in Somalia. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study found that there is a strong correlation between the two.
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Ba, Abdourahmane, Tom Muga, Patrick Okwarah, and Mohamed Ali. "Remote Data Verification Under Fragility and Operational Stress: Insights from Somalia During COVID-19." Social Sciences 14, no. 4 (2025): 315–31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ss.20251404.13.

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Organizations operating under fragile contexts often struggle to uphold data quality standards due to insecurity, institutional fragmentation, and limited field access. The COVID-19 pandemic intensified these constraints. It suspended the possibility of direct verification and posed critical questions about the integrity of performance oversight. This research investigates whether remote Data Quality Assessments (DQAs) preserved accountability and verification rigor during this period of operational stress. The research adopts a qualitative case study design and analyzes the remote DQA model i
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Eraslan, Asir, Abdikarim Hussein Mohamed, Abdulkadir Isse Mohamed, et al. "Assessment of the Characteristics of Traumatic Urogenital Injuries at a Tertiary Care Center: First Report from Somalia." Somalia Turkiye Medical Journal (STMJ) 3, no. 1 (2024): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.58322/stmj.v3i1.42.

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&#x0D; Objective: Urogenital injuries (UGIs) are present in approximately 10% of adult and less than 3% of pediatric trauma patients. To date, no reports have been published regarding urogenital injuries in Somalia, a sub-Saharan African country. We aimed to analyze the data of urogenital trauma patients who presented to the emergency department of the only tertiary care center in Somalia.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and Methods: Patients who presented to the emergency department of our institution following trauma between January 2019 and December 2022 and were admitted with the diagnosis o
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Ahmed, Abdirazak. "Building Resilient One Health Systems: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Somalia." Science Journal of Public Health 13, no. 3 (2025): 146–55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjph.20251303.15.

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The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges to global health systems and economies, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to build resilient One Health systems. This paper examines the lessons learned from the pandemic, focusing on its impact on health leadership, finance, and livelihoods, particularly highlighting the vulnerabilities at the human-animal-environment interface. It emphasizes the importance of equitable resource distribution, proactive inter-sectoral collaboration, and sustained investment in public health systems, particularly in low- and middle
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Irrum, Shahzadi, and Aadersh Humza. "The Berbera Port Deal: A Geopolitical Development and its Implications in the Horn of Africa." Journal of Social Sciences Review 5, no. 1 (2025): 588–99. https://doi.org/10.62843/jssr.v5i1.527.

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This study focuses on the mounting tensions in the Horn of Africa following a controversial deal in early 2024 between Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi. Under the agreement, Somaliland, a self-declared territory not internationally recognized, granted Ethiopia access to the Red Sea via Berbera Port for 5 decades. However, this moves enraged Somalia, which considers Somaliland an integral part of its sovereign territory. For landlocked Ethiopia, the accord offers vital maritime access, which will boost trade potential to Europe and beyond through the R
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Abdi, Yasir. "Role of Gender Equality on Leadership and Governance in Somalia." International Journal of Leadership and Governance 3, no. 1 (2023): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijlg.1928.

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Purpose: The study sought to analyze the role of gender equality in leadership and governance in Somalia&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary
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Adan, Zakaria Hassan, and Ahmed Madey M. Ohamoud. "European Union Infrastructural Development Programs and Economic Growth in Mogadishu, Somalia." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 3, no. 1 (2025): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.59336/kfnh4z76.

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This study investigates the impact of European Union (EU) infrastructural development programs on economic growth in Mogadishu, Somalia. It specifically explores the effects of these programs on economic growth, employment generation, and the effectiveness of governance mechanisms in project implementation. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative analysis of economic indicators and project data with qualitative interviews from stakeholders, including local government officials, community members, and EU representatives. Data were collected from various sources, including
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Yusuf, Mussa, Zewge Teklehaimanot, and Deribe Gurmu. "The decline of the Vulnerable yeheb Cordeauxia edulis, an economically important dryland shrub of Ethiopia." Oryx 47, no. 1 (2013): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000664.

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AbstractCordeauxia edulis (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae), commonly called yeheb, is a small tree/shrub species endemic to Ethiopia and Somalia. The tree produces nuts that are consumed as a staple food by pastoralists and are sold in local markets. Recent reports indicate that C. edulis has vanished from many locations where it was noted by earlier travellers and, as a result, it is currently categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. To assess the current status of the species we studied it around 10 villages in Boh district in the Somali Regional State of Ethiopia, where the only known
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Bhandari, Sabindra Raj, and Man Kumari Parajuli. "Female Genital Mutilation and the Restriction of Women’s Sexual Autonomy: A Perspective from Ayan Hirsi Ali’s Infidel." Journal of Bhuwanishankar 3, no. 1 (2024): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.3126/jobs.v3i1.76122.

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This study explores the effect of dehumanizing deeds of female genital mutilation, and discriminatory and orthodoxical sexual perception toward women boosted by religion and perpetuated particularly by woman in Ali’s autobiography, Infidel. It also reveals how patriarchal society frowns on a woman’s plea for sexual liberation as a real freedom. In Infidel, a mediocre Somali girl transforms herself into a freedom fighter realizes her true essence and also becomes a member of the parliament of the Netherlands. Ali’s memoir clearly illustrates the subordination of females in Muslim society and ho
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Osoble, Ismail. "Effects of Art Therapy on Anxiety Levels in College Students in Somalia." American Journal of Arts, Social and Humanity Studies 4, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajashs.2062.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of art therapy on anxiety levels in college students in Somalia. Materials and Methods: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: The study indicated that engaging in artistic activitie
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Mueller, R. "Impact of covid on riots and associated behaviors in the united states." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S298—S299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.801.

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IntroductionThe racial riots of 2020 in the US, beginning in Minneapolis, had a global impact inciting protests internationally. We look at the impact of COVID, the social isolation and frustration that therefore existed and how this effected the instigation of the riots.Objectives--To review the history of racism in the United States and the abolition theories, comparing US and UK. --To consider the impact of international immigration on the cultural tension in the US; Minnesota accepted a large population of Somalis in 1992 as refugees. --To explore how this progress toward racial equality h
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Awaale A. A, Awaale A. A. "Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance in Public Sector Agencies in Somalia." American Journal of Leadership and Governance 9, no. 2 (2024): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajlg.1846.

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of transformational leadership on organizational performance in public sector agencies in Somalia.&#x0D; Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: Several studies have
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Funk, Chris, Shraddhanand Shukla, Wassila Mamadou Thiaw, et al. "Recognizing the Famine Early Warning Systems Network: Over 30 Years of Drought Early Warning Science Advances and Partnerships Promoting Global Food Security." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 6 (2019): 1011–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0233.1.

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AbstractOn a planet with a population of more than 7 billion, how do we identify the millions of drought-afflicted people who face a real threat of livelihood disruption or death without humanitarian assistance? Typically, these people are poor and heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture and livestock. Most live in Africa, Central America, or Southwest Asia. When the rains fail, incomes diminish while food prices increase, cutting off the poorest (most often women and children) from access to adequate nutrition. As seen in Ethiopia in 1984 and Somalia in 2011, food shortages can lead to famin
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Knipscheer, Jeroen, Erick Vloeberghs, Anke van der Kwaak, and Maria van den Muijsenbergh. "Mental health problems associated with female genital mutilation." BJPsych Bulletin 39, no. 6 (2015): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.114.047944.

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Aims and methodTo study the mental health status of 66 genitally mutilated immigrant women originating from Africa (i.e. Somalia, Sudan, Eritrea and Sierra Leone). Scores on standardised questionnaires (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire-30, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25, COPE-Easy, Lowlands Acculturation Scale) and demographic and psychosocial correlates were analysed.ResultsA third of the respondents reported scores above the cut-off for affective or anxiety disorders; scores indicative for post-traumatic stress disorder were presented by 17.5% of women. Type of circumcision (infibulation), recolle
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Abdi, Mohamud Shire, and Ahmed Nur Hersi. "Tax Moral on the Compliance of the Individual Taxpayers in Qardho District, Somalia." American Journal of Society and Law 2, no. 2 (2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajsl.v2i2.1875.

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This study assessed the role of knowledge on the compliance of individual taxpayers, as well as impact of tax moral on the compliance of individual taxpayers and explored strategic solutions to cope tax moral on the compliance of individual taxpayers. The study applied a qualitative research method the data was collected sample size of 80 respondents including business owners, employees, local government staff, and unemployed through questionnaires were self-administrated with used likert scale. The procedure selected in this study will be simple random sampling method. The data were analyzed
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Gathii, James Thuo. "Kenya's Piracy Prosecutions." American Journal of International Law 104, no. 3 (2010): 416–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.104.3.0416.

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Kenya became a primary destination for the prosecution of pirates captured off the coast of Somalia from late 2008 to late 2009. Yet none of the pirates being tried in Kenya as of April 2010 were captured by Kenyan armed forces but, rather, by non-Kenyan forces whose countries had signed agreements with Kenya for it to conduct such trials. In Resolution 1851 of December 16, 2008, the United Nations Security Council had urged states and regional organizations to enter into such agreements. Kenya accordingly concluded agreements on prosecuting suspected pirates with the United Kingdom, the Unite
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Sakyi, Patrick O., Richard K. Amewu, Robert N. O. A. Devine, Emahi Ismaila, Whelton A. Miller, and Samuel K. Kwofie. "The Search for Putative Hits in Combating Leishmaniasis: The Contributions of Natural Products Over the Last Decade." Natural Products and Bioprospecting 11, no. 5 (2021): 489–544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-021-00311-2.

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Abstract Despite advancements in the areas of omics and chemoinformatics, potent novel biotherapeutic molecules with new modes of actions are needed for leishmaniasis. The socioeconomic burden of leishmaniasis remains alarming in endemic regions. Currently, reports from existing endemic areas such as Nepal, Iran, Brazil, India, Sudan and Afghanistan, as well as newly affected countries such as Peru, Bolivia and Somalia indicate concerns of chemoresistance to the classical antimonial treatment. As a result, effective antileishmanial agents which are safe and affordable are urgently needed. Natu
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Polezzi, Loredana. "Description, appropriation, transformation: Fascist rhetoric and colonial nature." Modern Italy 19, no. 3 (2014): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.927355.

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During the period of Fascism, a variety of discourses and representations were attached to colonial landscapes and to their uses. African nature was the subject of diverse rhetorical strategies, which ranged from the persistence of visions of wilderness as the locus of adventure to the domesticating manipulations of an incipient tourist industry aiming to familiarise the Italian public with relatively tame forms of the exotic. Contrasting images of bareness and productivity, primitivism and modernisation, resistance to change and dramatic transformation found their way into accounts of colonia
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Alemu, Zemedkun, and Workishet Taye. "Manejo de plagas de sésamo en Etiopía: una revisión." Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 6, no. 3 (2022): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21704/pja.v6i3.1973.

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Sesame is Ethiopia’s most significant oil crop, especially Tigray, Amhara, and some lowland Oromia, Somalia, and the Gambella region. Consequently, the crop is exposed to a wide range of insect pests feeding on leaves, flowers, pods, and seeds affecting sesame yields. This article review provides information on the biology, nature of the damage, and management methods of economically important sesame pests. Sesame webworm, Antigastra catalaunalis (Duponchel) is the most common and frequently encountered pre-harvest pest of sesame. Sesame seed bugs, Elasmolmus sordidus (Fabricus) is also the mo
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Mohamud, Ayub Elmi, and Abdifatah Omar Ga'al. "European Union’s Good Governance Efforts in East Africa." Multidisciplinary Journal of Horseed International University (MJHIU) 3, no. 1 (2025): 20–30. https://doi.org/10.59336/471zgn25.

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This study investigates the European Union's (EU) efforts in promoting good governance in East Africa, with a focus on institutional reforms, support for the rule of law and anti-corruption initiatives, and local governance strengthening programs. A qualitative approach was employed, utilizing document analysis and case studies from East African countries, including Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Somalia, and Rwanda. Data were gathered from EU reports, governmental publications, and scholarly articles to assess the impact of EU interventions on governance structures. The findings reveal that the EU'
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Abdiaziz, Abdullahi Hussein. "Human Capital Investment in Universities: A Case Study of Gedo International University." International Journal of Developing Country Studies 6, no. 3 (2024): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/ijdcs.2378.

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Purpose: This study investigates the role of Gedo International University (GIU) in advancing human capital investment within the Beledhawa District, Somalia. It explores the impact of higher education on socio-economic development, focusing on GIU’s contributions to healthcare, education, and regional growth. Methodology: The research employs a qualitative case study approach, including semi-structured interviews with graduates, faculty, and students, alongside document analysis of institutional reports and district-level socio-economic data. Findings: GIU has significantly contributed to loc
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Musa, Ibrahim. "Ethnic Conflict in World Politics." American Journal of Islam and Society 14, no. 3 (1997): 95–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v14i3.2273.

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Thi publication comes at a time when unprecedented bloody ethnic conflictnot only dominate the global media and international politics, but also numb theworld's conscience. Bosnia Herzegovina, Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi, EastTimor, Chechnia, Kashmir, and Kurdistan are some of the famous landmarkswhere entire countries and communities are caught up in the web of ethnic conflict.In other instances, ethnic conflict is gradually becoming a feature ofnational life. It is not at all unfamiliar to hear reports of ethnic conflict in India(Hindu-Muslim riots), Germany (violence against immigrant Turks),
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Dahu, Butros M., Khuder Alaboud, Avis Anya Nowbuth, Hunter M. Puckett, Grant J. Scott, and Lincoln R. Sheets. "The Role of Remote Sensing and Geospatial Analysis for Understanding COVID-19 Population Severity: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (2023): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054298.

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Remote sensing (RS), satellite imaging (SI), and geospatial analysis have established themselves as extremely useful and very diverse domains for research associated with space, spatio-temporal components, and geography. We evaluated in this review the existing evidence on the application of those geospatial techniques, tools, and methods in the coronavirus pandemic. We reviewed and retrieved nine research studies that directly used geospatial techniques, remote sensing, or satellite imaging as part of their research analysis. Articles included studies from Europe, Somalia, the USA, Indonesia,
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Mohamud, Imam Hassan, and Eunice Areba. "Seeking Divine Solutions for Our Youth: A Conversation With Imam Hassan Mohamud." Creative Nursing 22, no. 1 (2016): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.22.1.29.

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The life period of youth and young adulthood is a time of forming identities and making allegiances. In the absence of adequate, consistent support, negative influences abound. Religious and spiritual leaders are potential sources of support for young people. Increasingly, empirical reports document the influence, most of it positive, of religion on both physical and emotional well-being. This interview with a Somali religious leader illustrates the importance of understanding and addressing the unique needs and challenges of young Somalis in Minnesota and beyond.
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Pintér, Tibor. "The ISCAP in the Shadow of the Russian-Ukrainian War." Journal of Central and Eastern European African Studies 3, no. 3 (2023): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59569/jceeas.2023.3.3.219.

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After the shock of the coronavirus, the world was hit by another blow: the Russian-Ukrainian war. This had a number of effects on the world, causing inflation and an energy price explosion. In the case of Africa, even food security was at risk due to the decline in Russian and Ukrainian grain. However, what is chaos for the world is an opportunity for jihadist movements to gain strength, as the burden on citizens increases social discontent. The situation in sub-Saharan East Africa is no different. The Islamic State's youngest province, ISCAP (Islamic State of Central Africa Province), created
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Ayele, Basha, Getenet Beyene, Mekdelawit Alemayehu, Aman Dekebo, Zeleke Mekonnen, and Gashaw Nigussie. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Resistant Features of Shigella Species in East Africa from 2015–2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 2023 (September 2, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8277976.

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Background. Shigellosis is the most common cause of epidemic dysentery found worldwide, particularly in developing countries, where it causes infant diarrhea and mortality. The prevalence of Shigella species resistant to commonly used antimicrobial drugs has steadily increased. The purpose of this review is to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characteristics of Shigella species in East Africa between 2015 and 2022. Methods. Studies were identified using a computerized search of Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases, with a detailed search strate
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