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1
Vederhus, John-Kåre, Are Hugo Pripp, and Thomas Clausen. "Quality of Life in Patients with Substance Use Disorders Admitted to Detoxification Compared with those Admitted to Hospitals for Medical Disorders: Follow-Up Results." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 10 (January 2016): SART.S39192. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s39192.
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Quality of life (QoL) in patients admitted to a general hospital was compared with those admitted to a detoxification unit for the treatment of substance use disorder (SUD). This study combines data from two separate data collections: a cross-sectional study in a general hospital unit (somatic sample, N = 519) and a follow-up study in a detoxification unit (SUD sample, N = 140). A total of 659 patients recruited during 2008–2013 were included in this study. All patients completed a generic QoL questionnaire at inclusion, and the SUD sample also completed it at the six-month follow-up. SUD patients experienced comparably low physical QoL and had significantly lower psychological, social, and existential QoL domain scores when compared with the somatic sample. Mental distress and having a SUD were the major factors explaining variations in QoL, with both influencing QoL negatively. In the SUD sample, QoL improved moderately at the six-month follow-up with less improvement for the domain relationship to a partner. To facilitate the recovery of SUD patients, clinicians must view their patients' situation holistically and invest efforts into the different life domains affected by poor QoL.
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Toussaint, Anne, Paul Hüsing, Sebastian Kohlmann, and Bernd Löwe. "Detecting DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder: criterion validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8) in combination with the Somatic Symptom Disorder – B Criteria Scale (SSD-12)." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 324–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171900014x.
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BackgroundThe fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduced somatic symptom and related disorders (SSD) to improve the diagnosis of somatoform disorders. It is unclear whether existing questionnaires are useful to identify patients with SSD. Our study investigates the diagnostic accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and the Somatic Symptom Scale-8 (SSS-8) in combination with the Somatic Symptom Disorder – B Criteria Scale (SSD-12).MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, participants were recruited from a psychosomatic outpatient clinic. PHQ-15, SSS-8, and SSD-12 were administered and compared with SSD criteria from a diagnostic interview. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for optimal individual and combined cutpoints. Receiver operator curves were created and area under the curve (AUC) analyses assessed.ResultsData of n = 372 patients [31.2% male, mean age: 39.3 years (s.d. = 13.6)] were analyzed. A total of 56.2% fulfilled the SSD criteria. Diagnostic accuracy was moderate for each questionnaire (PHQ-15: AUC = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.65–0.76; SSS-8: AUC = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.66–0.77; SSD-12: AUC = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.69–0.80). Combining questionnaires improved diagnostic accuracy (PHQ-15 + SSD-12: AUC = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.72–0.82; SSS-8 + SSD-12: AUC = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.74–0.84). Optimal combined cutpoints were ⩾9 for the PHQ-15 or SSS-8, and ⩾23 for the SSD-12 (sensitivity and specificity = 69% and 70%).ConclusionsThe combination of the PHQ-15 or SSS-8 with the SSD-12 provides an easy-to-use and time- and cost-efficient opportunity to identify persons at risk for SSD. If systematically applied in routine care, effective screening and subsequent treatment might help to improve quality of life and reduce health care excess costs.
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TARTER, RALPH, MICHAEL VANYUKOV, PETER GIANCOLA, MICHAEL DAWES, TIMOTHY BLACKSON, ADA MEZZICH, and DUNCAN B. CLARK. "Etiology of early age onset substance use disorder: A maturational perspective." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 657–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002266.
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The etiology of early age onset substance use disorder (SUD), an Axis I psychiatric illness, is examined from the perspective of the multifactorial model of complex disorders. Beginning at conception, genetic and environment interactions produce a sequence of biobehavioral phenotypes during development which bias the ontogenetic pathway toward SUD. One pathway to SUD is theorized to emanate from a deviation in somatic and neurological maturation, which, in the context of adverse environments, predisposes to affective and behavioral dysregulation as the cardinal SUD liability-contributing phenotype. Dysregulation progresses via epigenesis from difficult temperament in infancy to conduct problems in childhood to substance use by early adolescence and to severe SUD by young adulthood.
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LaVigne, Timothy W., Lauren M. Laake, and Patricia Ibeziako. "Somatic symptom and related disorders in pediatric patients: Associations with parent psychiatric and substance use histories." Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, no. 4 (June 9, 2020): 932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104520931579.
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Parental response to pediatric patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) can impact symptom presentation. However, little is known about the impact of parent psychiatric and substance use disorder (SUD) history on the functional status and medical healthcare utilization of patients with SSRDs. The current study explored the associations between parent psychiatric & SUD history and patient somatic symptoms, functional disability, and hospital course in a medically hospitalized sample of pediatric patients with SSRDs. The electronic medical records of 375 pediatric patients with SSRDs, ages 5 to 18, admitted at a tertiary pediatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Parent psychiatric histories were identified in 45.1% of the sample. Parent SUD history and maternal psychiatric history were associated with more patient reported somatization. Parent psychiatric and SUD history were not associated with pediatric patients’ level of functional disability or healthcare utilization during admission, including admission length, number of tests, and number of consultations obtained. This study has implications regarding reduction of potential stigma towards parents with psychiatric or SUD histories whose children are hospitalized with SSRDs. While such histories may provide insights regarding somatization presentation of pediatric patients with these disorders, it may not necessarily impact level of functional disability or hospital course.
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Pettersen, Henning, Anne Landheim, Ivar Skeie, Stian Biong, Morten Brodahl, Victoria Benson, and Larry Davidson. "Helpful Ingredients in the Treatment of Long-Term Substance Use Disorders: A Collaborative Narrative Study." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 13 (January 2019): 117822181984499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178221819844996.
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Relatively few individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD) seek or receive treatment, and knowledge about the effective ingredients in SUD treatment, from the perspective of those who receive it, is scarce. Our study purpose was to explore the experiences of those with long-term SUDs and the aspects they found helpful during treatment and long-term recovery. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants, each of whom had been diagnosed with a long-term SUD, and who had been abstinent for at least 5 years. A resource group of peer consultants in long-term recovery from SUDs contributed to study planning, preparation, and initial analyses. Participants preferred individualized, long-term treatment, and support from both therapists and other clients. They further acknowledged the importance of their own sense of responsibility for their treatment and recovery success. Greater focus should be placed on viewing long-term SUD as a long-term condition, similar to somatic diseases, and SUD treatment services should place greater emphasis on developing partnership care models, long-term monitoring and support, and actively engaging recovered clients in the care of others in SUD treatment.
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Carles, A. B., and W. A. K. Kipngeno. "The effect of season and the introduction of rams on oestrous activity in Somali, Nandi, Merino, Karakul and New Zealand Romney Marsh ewes in Kenya." Animal Science 43, no. 3 (December 1986): 447–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000335610000266x.
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ABSTRACTA study was made of the levels of oestrous activity of two indigenous breeds of sheep (Somali and Nandi) and three exotic breeds of sheep (Merino, Karakul and New Zealand Romney Marsh) over a period of 3 years, in an equatorial environment. Breed was the only significant source of variation for the length of the oestrous cycle (P < 0·01). The mean lengths of the oestrous cycle were 17·2 (s.d. 3·21), 17·5 (s.d. 2·24), 17·9 (s.d. 2·99), 17·5 (s.d. 2·57) and 16·5 (s.d. 3·41) days for the Somali, Nandi, Merino, Karakul and Romney Marsh breeds, respectively.The mean percentage of ewes of the different breeds showing oestrus in 20-day periods were 69·8 (s.d. 22·57), 49·9 (s.d. 18·67), 63·4 (s.d. 25·70), 79·2 (s.d. 20·30) and 33·2 (s.d. 23·50) % for the Somali, Nandi, Merino, Karakul and Romney Marsh breeds, respectively. Time-series analysis did not detect any evidence of seasonal variation in oestrous activity, although there was an indication that the Merino and Romney Marsh breeds showed a marked increase in oestrous activity following, the introduction of rams. It was concluded that the variation in level of oestrous activity was short term and random.
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Bagnoli, F., M. Capuana, and M. L. Racchi. "Developmental changes of catalase and superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in zygotic and somatic embryos of horse chestnut." Functional Plant Biology 25, no. 8 (1998): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp98068.
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Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), two of the major antioxidant enzyme systems, were examined by native PAGE at different stages of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.). During both zygotic and somatic embryogenesis, CAT and SOD specific activities increased, but electrophoretic analysis revealed remarkable differences in the isoenzyme patterns. Two CAT isoforms were differentially present during zygotic embryogenesis. The transition from the fast to the slow migrating form occurred in July, approximately 2 months after pollination. In contrast to zygotic, the two isoforms were continuously detectable during somatic embryo-genesis. In fact, with the exception of the callus stage, in which only one form was present, both of the CAT isoforms are equally active during the somatic embryo development. Unlike CAT, all SOD isoenzymes, one Mn-SOD and five Cu/Zn-SODs, were present during all the stages of zygotic embryo formation, but only Mn-SOD and an Fe-SOD were detected during somatic embryogenesis. These results suggest the occurrence of oxidative stress conditions during in vitro culture which, in horse chestnut, could account for the difficulties observed in the development of the somatic embryo into a plantlet.
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BAILER, JOSEF, MICHAEL WITTHÖFT, CHRISTIANE BAYERL, and FRED RIST. "Syndrome stability and psychological predictors of symptom severity in idiopathic environmental intolerance and somatoform disorders." Psychological Medicine 37, no. 2 (November 17, 2006): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706009354.
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Background. Previous studies suggest that idiopathic environmental intolerance (IEI) is a variant of somatoform disorders (SFDs) or the so-called functional somatic syndromes. Little is known, however, about the stability and the psychological predictors of IEI.Method. This prospective study examined the 1-year stability of somatic symptoms and IEI features in three diagnostic groups: 49 subjects with IEI, 43 subjects with SFD but without IEI, and 54 subjects (control group, CG) with neither IEI nor SFD. The predictive value of typical psychological predictors for somatization was tested using zero-order correlations and multiple linear regression analyses.Results. Somatic symptoms and IEI features proved to be temporally stable over the 1-year follow-up period. The SFD and IEI groups scored significantly higher than CG on all measures of somatic symptoms and on questionnaires assessing psychological predictors for somatization. Measures of trait negative affectivity (NA), somatic symptom attribution and somatosensory amplification predicted somatic symptom severity within the IEI and SFD groups, both at baseline and 1 year later. The strongest predictors of IEI complaints in the IEI group were somatic attributions, followed by prominent cognitions of environmental threat and a tendency to focus on unpleasant bodily sensations and to consider them as pathological.Conclusions. IEI and SFD are highly stable conditions. In both SFD and IEI, NA and the processes of symptom perception, interpretation and attribution contribute substantially to the persistence of typically somatoform symptoms and IEI complaints. Treatment of IEI and SFD should address these psychological factors and mechanisms.
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Silva, Vandenberg Lira, Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério, Marco Aurélio Delmondes Bomfim, Eneas Reis Leite, Aline Vieira Lamdim, Arnaud Azevedo Alves, Hélio Henrique Araújo Costa, and Ana Paula Alves Freire. "Consumo e digestibilidade dos nutrientes dietéticos em cordeiros de diferentes grupos genéticos alimentados com farelo de castanha de caju." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 14, no. 4 (December 2013): 695–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402013000400009.
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Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusão do farelo de castanha de caju (FCC) fornecido a cordeiros de três grupos genéticos sobre os consumos e digestibilidades dos nutrientes dietéticos. Foram utilizados dezoito ovinos, machos e inteiros, ½ sangue Dorper, ½ sangue Somalis e ½ sangue Santa Inês, com 22,66kg de peso vivo. A dieta controle composta por feno de Aruana, milho, farelo de soja. A dieta teste, composta pelos mesmos alimentos mais o FCC. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, três grupos genéticos versus duas dietas (contendo ou não FCC) com três repetições por tratamento. Maiores consumos de nutrientes foram obtidos pelos animais ½ sangue Dorper x SRD em relação aos animais ½ sangue Santa Inês x SRD, tendo sido ambos semelhantes aos animais ½ sangue Somalis x SRD. Houve interação significativa somente para os coeficientes de digestibilidade da MS. Menores coeficientes de digestibilidade foram observados para os animais ½ sangue Santa Inês x SRD nas dietas contendo FCC. Menores digestibilidades da FDA e da HCEL foram observadas nas dietas com FCC. Considerando-se os grupos genéticos, maiores digestibilidades da FDN, da FDA e da HCEL foram verificadas para os animais ½ sangue Dorper x SRD em comparação aos animais ½ sangue Santa Inês x SRD, sendo ambos genótipos, semelhantes aos animais ½ sangue Somalis x SRD. A inclusão de FCC exerce efeito negativo sobre a digestibilidade das frações fibrosas, notadamente sobre a hemicelulose, implicando em redução da digestibilidade da MS dietética nos cordeiros ½ sangue Santa Inês.
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PIACENZA, L., R. RADI, F. GOÑI, and C. CARMONA. "CuZn superoxide dismutase activities from Fasciola hepatica." Parasitology 117, no. 6 (December 1998): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003394.
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The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in detergent-soluble, somatic and excretion–secretion (E–S) preparations from adult Fasciola hepatica using the xanthine oxidase system and visualized in substrate gels. Compared to detergent-soluble and somatic extracts, E–S products showed the highest SOD activity (88 ·5 U/mg), indicating active release to the medium in which parasites were maintained. SOD specific activity was also detected at high levels in E–S products from 3-week-old and 5-week-old immature migrating flukes (25 and 143 U/mg, respectively). In all preparations except for the somatic extract, the activity was characterized as cyanide-sensitive CuZn SOD. Differences in SOD isoenzyme profiles between the extracts were observed in native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the somatic and detergent-soluble extracts exhibited 1 band of activity while the E–S products from immature and adults flukes contained 2 and 3 migrating bands, respectively. SOD was purified from the detergent-soluble extract and E–S products of adult worms by a combination of ultrafiltration, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 HR and ion-exchange chromatography on QAE Sephadex A-50. The SOD from detergent-soluble extract showed, by SDS–PAGE analysis, 1 band of 16 kDa apparent molecular weight. The SOD from E–S products showed 2 bands of 16 and 60 kDa apparent molecular weight. N-terminal sequence analysis of the 16 kDa band from the detergent-soluble preparation showed some similarity with Schistosoma mansoni cytoplasmic SOD. These enzymes may have a potential role in the evasion of the oxidative burst killing mechanism by immune cells.
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Beltman, Matthijs W., Richard C. Oude Voshaar, and Anne E. Speckens. "Cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression in people with a somatic disease: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials." British Journal of Psychiatry 197, no. 1 (July 2010): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.109.064675.
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BackgroundMeta-analyses on psychological treatment for depression in individuals with a somatic disease are limited to specific underlying somatic diseases, thereby neglecting the generalisability of the interventions.AimsTo examine the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for depression in people with a diversity of somatic diseases.MethodMeta-analysis of randomised controlled trials evaluating CBT for depression in people with a somatic disease. Severity of depressive symptoms was pooled using the standardised mean difference (SMD).ResultsTwenty-nine papers met inclusion criteria. Cognitive–behavioural therapy was superior to control conditions with larger effects in studies restricted to participants with depressive disorder (SMD =–0.83, 95% CI –1.36 to –0.31, P<0.001) than in studies of participants with depressive symptoms (SMD =–0.16, 95% CI –0.27 to –0.06, P = 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that CBT was not superior to other psychotherapies.ConclusionsCognitive–behavioural therapy significantly reduces depressive symptoms in people with a somatic disease, especially in those who meet the criteria for a depressive disorder.
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Barros, Nelson Nogueira, Vânia Rodrigues de Vasconcelos, Marcelo Renato Alves de Araújo, and Espedito Cezário Martins. "Influência do grupo genético e da alimentação sobre o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 38, no. 9 (September 2003): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2003000900013.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a influência do reprodutor e da alimentação sobre o desempenho de cordeiros em confinamento. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2x4, costituído de dois grupos genéticos (Santa Inês x sem raça definida (SRD) e Somalis x SRD) e concentrado de milho em gão, farelo de soja e sal mineral a 15%, 30%, 45% e 60%. Trinta e dois animais foram confinados em baias individuais e cada um constituiu uma repetição. As dietas eram compostas de feno de leucena (Leucaena leucocephala) e concentrado, na forma de ração completa. O aumento de concentrado na dieta dos animais causou incrementos lineares (P<0,05) no peso de abate e melhoria na conversão alimentar. Houve efeito quadrático no consumo de matéria seca e de matéria orgânica, com máximos estimados em 35,29% e 35,36% de concentrado, respectivamente. Todas as margens brutas de lucro estimadas foram positivas. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os concentrados, porém o grupo genético Somalis x SRD mostrou-se superior (P<0,05) ao Santa Inês x SRD.
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Selaive-Villarroel, Arturo Bernardo, and Francisco Augusto de Souza Júnior. "Crescimento e caracteristicas de carcaça de cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês e Somalis x srd em regime semi-intensivo de criação." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 29, no. 5 (October 2005): 948–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542005000500005.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar as características de crescimento e de carcaça de cordeiros mestiços oriundos do cruzamento de ovelhas sem raça definida (SRD) com reprodutores das raças deslanadas Santa Inês e Somalis Brasileira, foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, pertencente à Universidade Federal do Ceará. Foram utilizados um total de 46 cordeiros de ambos os sexos, desmamados com idade média de 90 dias e peso corporal de 11,5 kg ao início do experimento. Os animais foram mantidos em regime de criação semi-intensivo e os machos abatidos, sem castrar, aos seis meses de idade. Cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês apresentaram maior (P<0,05) peso corporal aos seis meses de idade (21,2 kg), com ganho médio de peso diário de 112,0 g, que os mestiços Somalis (18,2 kg e 72,0 g, respectivamente). Não foi observado efeito significativo do genótipo nos rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, com valores de 44,6 e 43,2% e de 44,0% e 42,8%, respectivamente para os cordeiros mestiços, Santa Inês e Somalis. A conformação da carcaça também foi similar entre ambos grupos. Os resultados permitem concluir que os carneiros da raça Santa Inês apresentam maiores vantagens que os Somalis quando utilizados em cruzamento com ovelhas deslanadas SRD no Nordeste brasileiro, pelo maior crescimento das crias.
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Ye, Qian, Dong Yan, Manlin Yao, Wutao Lou, and Weiwei Peng. "Hyperexcitability of Cortical Oscillations in Patients with Somatoform Pain Disorder: A Resting-State EEG Study." Neural Plasticity 2019 (July 9, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2687150.
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Patients with somatoform pain disorder (SPD) suffer from somatic pain that cannot be fully explained by specific somatic pathology. While the pain experience requires the integration of sensory and contextual processes, the cortical oscillations have been suggested to play a crucial role in pain processing and integration. The present study is aimed at identifying the abnormalities of spontaneous cortical oscillations among patients with SPD, thus for a better understanding of the ongoing brain states in these patients. Spontaneous electroencephalography data during a resting state with eyes open were recorded from SPD patients and healthy controls, and their cortical oscillations as well as functional connectivity were compared using both electrode-level and source-level analysis. Compared with healthy controls, SPD patients exhibited greater resting-state alpha oscillations (8.5-12.5 Hz) at the parietal region, as reflected by both electrode-level spectral power density and exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA) cortical current density. A significant correlation between parietal alpha oscillation and somatization severity was observed in SPD patients, after accounting for the influence of anxiety and depression. Functional connectivity analysis further revealed a greater frontoparietal connectivity of the resting-state alpha oscillations in SPD patients, which was indexed by the coherence between pairs of electrodes and the linear connectivity between pairs of eLORETA cortical sources. The enhanced resting-state alpha oscillation in SPD patients could be relevant with attenuated sensory information gating and excessive integration of pain-related information, while the enhanced frontoparietal connectivity could be reflecting their sustained attention to bodily sensations and hypervigilance to somatic sensations.
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Ionescu, Claudiu Gabriel, Ovidiu Popa-Velea, Alexandra Ioana Mihăilescu, Ana Anca Talaşman, and Ioana Anca Bădărău. "Somatic Symptoms and Sleep Disorders: A Literature Review of Their Relationship, Comorbidities and Treatment." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091128.
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This study aimed to investigate the relationship between somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and sleep disorders, following three research questions: (1) How are these disorders correlated? (2) What are the comorbidities reported in these patients? and (3) What are the most effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for both conditions? PubMed, Scopus, OVID, Medline, and ProQuest databases were searched for relevant articles published between 1957–2020. Search terms included “somatic symptoms disorder”, “sleep disorders”, “insomnia”, “somatoform”, “somatization”, “therapeutic”, “psychotherapy”, and alternative, formerly used terms for SSD. Forty papers were finally included in the study. Prevalence of insomnia in SSD patients ranged between 20.4–48%, with this being strongly correlated to somatic symptoms and psychosocial disability. The most relevant comorbidities were generalized anxiety disorder, depression, fatigue, negative mood, substance use, orthorexia, alexithymia, anorexia, weight loss, poor eating habits, and acute stress disorder. Patients receiving antidepressant therapy reported significant improvements in insomnia and somatic symptoms. In terms of non-pharmacological interventions, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) showed improvements in sleep outcomes, while the Specialized Treatment for Severe Bodily Distress Syndromes (STreSS) may represent an additional promising option. Future research could include other medical and psychosocial variables to complete the picture of the relationship between sleep disorders and somatic symptoms.
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Kibkalo, Anatoly P., Artem K. Sarkisov, Ekaterina A. Polunina, and Karen A. Sarkisov. "The Level of Oxidative Stress Markers in Generalised Periodontitis in the Setting of Bronchiectasis." Kuban Scientific Medical Bulletin 26, no. 5 (November 9, 2019): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25207/1608-6228-2019-26-5-42-51.
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Aim. To analyse the level of oxidative stress markers and the value of dental indices characterising the state of periodontal tissue in patients with generalised periodontitis (GP) both without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis.Materials and methods. Over the period from 2015 to 2017, a total of 90 GP patients were examined, including 40 patients without somatic pathology and 50 patients with bronchiectasis. The control group consisted of somatically healthy individuals with intact periodontium (n=40). The following indices were calculated for all examined individuals: PMA, PI, Muhlemann and OHI-s. The level of oxidative stress markers in oral fl uid was determined: total superoxide dismutase (SOD) of all three types (Cu/Zn-SOD + Mn-SOD + Fe-SOD), products of advanced protein oxidation and malondialdehyde.Results. The study established the intensifi cation of oxidative stress in GP patients without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis. Patients with comorbid pathologies demonstrated a greater severity of oxidative stress. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the values of dental indices (PMA, PI, Muhlemann, OHI-s) and the level of oxidative stress markers both in GP patients without somatic pathology and with bronchiectasis. Furthermore, this correlation is stronger in patients with comorbid pathologies.Conclusion. The presence of comorbid pulmonary pathologies in the form of bronchiectasis in patients with generalised periodontitis can act as an aggravating factor in the development of periodontal lesions.
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Jiang, Meng, Weituo Zhang, Xuan Su, Chuang Gao, Bingxu Chen, Zehao Feng, Jialiang Mao, and Jun Pu. "Identifying and measuring the severity of somatic symptom disorder using the Self-reported Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN): a research protocol for a diagnostic study." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e024290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024290.
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IntroductionThe detection rate of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in general hospitals is unsatisfactory. Self-report questionnaires that assess both somatic symptoms and psychological characteristics will improve the process of screening for SSD. The Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN) questionnaire has been developed to meet this urgent clinical demand. The aim of this research is to validate the self-reported SSS-CN as a timely and practical instrument that can be used to identify SSD and to assess the severity of this disorder.Methods and analysisAt least 852 patients without organic disease but presenting physical discomfort will be recruited at a general hospital. Each patient will undergo aDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition(DSM-5)-guided physician diagnosis, including disease identification and severity assessment, as the reference standard. This research will compare the diagnostic performance of the SSS-CN for SSD, the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and other SSD-related questionnaires. Statistical tests to measure the area under the curve (AUC) and volume under the surface of the receiver operating curve will be used to assess the accuracy of the SSD identification and the severity assessment, respectively. In addition to this standard diagnostic study, we will conduct follow-up investigations to explore the effectiveness of the SSS-CN in monitoring treatment effects.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Renji Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, approval number 2 015 016. The findings of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03513185.
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Reddy, Balaswamy, Santosh Kumar Chaturvedi, Geetha Desai, Narayana Manjunatha, and Srinivas Guruprasad. "Health-related life events in patients with somatic symptom disorders: A case control study." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65, no. 4 (April 10, 2019): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764019842278.
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Background: The positive association between adverse life events and somatoform disorders is a consistent observation. But no systematic studies have evaluated the relationship between health-related life events (HLEs) in patients with somatic symptom disorder (SSD)/somatoform disorders. Aim: To examine the nature and relationship of HLE in patients with SSD and to assess the correlates of HLE. Methods: A total of 50 adult patients with SSD and 50 matched healthy controls from a Neuropsychiatric hospital were recruited. Sociodemographic interview, scale for assessment of somatic symptoms (SASS), Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15) and a semi-structured interview schedule to gather information on HLE were used. Results: Patients in the SSD group had a significantly higher number of total HLE in general (4.72 ± 2.63, 3.36 ± 1.92; p = .004), major HLE (1.48 ± 1.45, 0.68 ± 0.94; p = .006), during their lifetime in comparison to controls. Infections, trauma, non-communicable diseases and reproductive system–related diseases were the more common types of HLE in SSD group. Conclusion: Our findings may implicate a role of major HLE of patients and HLE of their family members in the pathophysiology of SSD.
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Gu, W., and N. R. Hecht. "Translation of a testis-specific Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) mRNA is regulated by a 65-kilodalton protein which binds to its 5' untranslated region." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 8 (August 1996): 4535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4535.
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Mouse testes contain two distinct superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) transcripts which differ by 114 nucleotides in their 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) (W. Gu, C. Morales, and N. B. Hecht, J. Biol. Chem. 270:236-243, 1995). The shorter SOD-1 mRNA, a somatic type SOD-I mRNA (SSOD-1), is ubiquitously expressed in all somatic tissues as well as in testes. The larger SOD-1 mRNA, a testis-specific SOD-1 mRNA (TSOD-1), derived from an alternative upstream start site, is transcribed solely in postmeiotic germ cells and is translationally regulated during spermiogenesis. Since the two mRNAs have identical nucleotides except that TSOD-1 has an additional sequence at its 5' terminus, we have proposed that the extra 5' UTR sequence may be involved in the translational control of the TSOD-1 mRNA during spermiogenesis. Here we show that, when assayed in a cell-free system, TSOD-1 is translated only slightly less efficiently than SSOD-1. RNA gel retardation and UV cross-linking assays reveal that a testicular cytoplasmic protein (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase RNA-binding protein [SOD-RBP]) of about 65 kDa specifically binds to the extended 5' UTR of TSOD-1. After purification of SOD-RBP by RNA affinity chromatography, we demonstrate that SOD-RBP can repress the in vitro translation of TSOD-1 mRNA but not SSOD-1 mRNA or cotranslated luciferase mRNA. We conclude that SOD-RBP serves as a repressor in the translation of TSOD-1 mRNA during spermiogenesis and thereby fine-tunes the level of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase produced in maturing germ cells.
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Sarkisov, A. K., V. A. Zelenskiy, E. A. Polunina E.A., and K. A. Sarkisov. "Features of the relationship between cone-beam computed tomography and the severity of oxidative stress in chronic generalized periodontitis with and without bronchoectatic disease." Stomatology for All / International Dental review, no. 2020 2 (91) (June 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35556/idr-2020-2(91)18-23.
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The study identified and analyzed the relationship between cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and markers of oxidative stress in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) without somatic pathology and with bronchoectatic disease. 90 patients with CGP were examined, which were divided into two groups: patients with CGP without somatic pathology (n=40) and patients with CGP with comorbid pathology in the form of bronchiectatic disease (n=50). Somatically healthy persons with intact periodontal disease (n=40) were examined as a control group. Enzyme immunoassay was used to determine the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and total superoxide dismutase (total SOD) of all three types — Cu/Zn-SOD + Mn-SOD + Fe-SOD) in oral fluid. In patients with CGP observed intensification of oxidative stress expressed in an increase in oxidation products of lipids and proteins, as well as a decrease in antioxidant protection. Greater intensification of the process of oxidative stress and deeper changes in periodontal tissues were detected in patients with CGP with bronchiectatic disease. According to the results of correlation analysis, statistically significant, positive relationships of different strength between changes in the level of MDA, AOPP, total SOD and CBCT parameters in patients with CGP, both without somatic pathology, and with bronchiectatic disease were revealed. The revealed interrelations evidence of the influence of the intensification of the process of oxidative stress on a condition of periodontal tissues at patients with CGP. The strength of the identified relationships between most of the indicators characterizing CB CT deep periodontal lesions was greater in patients with CGP with bronchiectatic disease.
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Brzáková, Michaela, Jana Rychtářová, Jindřich Čítek, and Zuzana Sztankóová. "A Candidate Gene Association Study for Economically Important Traits in Czech Dairy Goat Breeds." Animals 11, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11061796.
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Milk production is influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Animal health, especially udder health, is usually evaluated by the number of somatic cells. The present study described the effect of polymorphisms in the ACACA, BTN1A1, LPL, and SCD genes on the daily milk yield, fat, and protein percentages and somatic cell count. In this study, 590 White Shorthaired (WSH) and Brown Shorthaired (BSH) goats were included. SNP genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP and multiplex PCR followed by SNaPshot minisequencing analysis. The linear mixed model with repeated measurement was used to identify the genetic associations between the studied genes/SNPs and chosen traits. All selected genes were polymorphic in the tested goat populations and showed significant associations with milk traits. Only BTN1A1 (SNP g.599 A > G) showed a significant association with the somatic cell score. After Bonferroni correction, a significant effect of LPL g.300G > A on daily milk yield and fat percentage, LPL g.185G > T on protein percentage, and LPL G50C, SCD EX3_15G > A, and SCD EX3_68A > G on fat percentage was found. The importance of environmental factors, such as the herd-year effect, month of milking, and lactation order on all milk performance indicators was confirmed.
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Devanapally, Sindhuja, Snusha Ravikumar, and Antony M. Jose. "Double-stranded RNA made in C. elegans neurons can enter the germline and cause transgenerational gene silencing." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 7 (February 2, 2015): 2133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423333112.
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An animal that can transfer gene-regulatory information from somatic cells to germ cells may be able to communicate changes in the soma from one generation to the next. In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, expression of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in neurons can result in the export of dsRNA-derived mobile RNAs to other distant cells. Here, we show that neuronal mobile RNAs can cause transgenerational silencing of a gene of matching sequence in germ cells. Consistent with neuronal mobile RNAs being forms of dsRNA, silencing of target genes that are expressed either in somatic cells or in the germline requires the dsRNA-selective importer SID-1. In contrast to silencing in somatic cells, which requires dsRNA expression in each generation, silencing in the germline is heritable after a single generation of exposure to neuronal mobile RNAs. Although initiation of inherited silencing within the germline requires SID-1, a primary Argonaute RDE-1, a secondary Argonaute HRDE-1, and an RNase D homolog MUT-7, maintenance of inherited silencing is independent of SID-1 and RDE-1, but requires HRDE-1 and MUT-7. Inherited silencing can persist for >25 generations in the absence of the ancestral source of neuronal dsRNA. Therefore, our results suggest that sequence-specific regulatory information in the form of dsRNA can be transferred from neurons to the germline to cause transgenerational silencing.
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Filipcic, I., I. Simunovic Filipcic, E. Ivezic, K. Matic, N. Tunjic Vukadinovic, S. Vuk Pisk, D. Bodor, Z. Bajic, M. Jakovljevic, and N. Sartorius. "Chronic physical illnesses in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders are independently associated with higher rates of psychiatric rehospitalization; a cross-sectional study in Croatia." European Psychiatry 43 (June 2017): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.484.
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AbstractBackground:Increased physical morbidity in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) is well documented. However, much less is known about the association between somatic comorbidities and psychosis treatment outcomes.Subjects and methods:This cross-sectional study, nested within the larger frame of a prospective cohort study, was done in 2016 at Psychiatric Hospital Sveti Ivan, Zagreb, Croatia. Data were collected on a consecutive sample of 301 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who achieved a stable therapeutic dosage. Key outcome was the number of psychiatric rehospitalizations since diagnosis of the primary psychiatric illness. Predictors were number of physical and psychiatric comorbidities. By robust regression, we controlled different clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle confounding factors.Results:The number of chronic somatic comorbidities was statistically significantly associated with a larger number of psychiatric rehospitalizations, even after the adjustment for number of psychiatric comorbidities and large number of other clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle variables.Conclusions:Chronic somatic comorbidities are associated with higher rates of psychiatric rehospitalization independently of psychiatric comorbidities and other clinical, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Therefore, to treat psychosis effectively, it may be necessary to treat chronic somatic comorbidities promptly and adequately. Chronic somatic comorbidities should be considered equally important as the SSD, and should be brought to the forefront of psychiatric treatment and research with the SSD as one entity. The integrative approach should be the imperative in clinical practice.
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Pérez Morenilla, A. L., A. Salazar, I. Failde, and J. A. Mico. "Somatic Symptoms As Measured By Ssi-26 (somatic Symptom Inventory) Correlate With Social And Physical Functioning (sf36) In Depressed Patients. The Relative Contribution Of Anhedonia." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S420—S421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1518.
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According to the DSM5, Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) is characterized by somatic symptoms that are either very distressing or result in significant disruption of functioning. These criteria are significantly different compared with previous editions of DSM. For example, the DSM-IV diagnosis of somatization disorder required a specific number of complaints from among four symptom groups, however the SSD criteria no longer have such a requirement. Nevertheless somatic symptoms must be significantly distressing or disruptive to daily life. Very few studies have focussed on the influence of suffering anhedonia on the perception of somatic symptoms and how this impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), particularly physical functioning. We studied the relative impact of somatic symptoms on the social and physical functioning in depressed patients. Moreover we have explored the influence of anhedonia as measured by the Snaith-Hamilton Anhedonia Pleasure Scale (SHAPS). We analysed the correlations between the scores of the 8 dimensions of the SF-36, the SSI-26 and the SHAPS questionnaires. The results show a significant correlation between SSI-26 score and physical functioning (r = –0.565; P < 0.001), role physical (r = –0.551; P < 0.001), bodily pain (r = –0.659; P < 0.001), general health (r = –0.534; P < 0.001), vitality (r = –0.481; P = 0.001), social functioning (r = –0.302; P = 0.044) and mental health (r = –0.461; P = 0.001). Additionally, SHAPS score correlates with vitality (r = –0.371; P = 0.012), social functioning (r = –0.574; P < 0.001) and mental health (r = –0.445; P = 0.002). The results demonstrated that both somatic symptoms and level of anhedonia negatively correlate with HRQoL, suggesting a potential relationship between level of anhedonia and some somatic symptoms. This could impact on the diagnosis and treatment of depressed patients with somatic symptoms and anhedonia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Egorov, Alexei V., Tengis Gloveli, and Wolfgang Müller. "Muscarinic Control of Dendritic Excitability and Ca2+Signaling in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons in Rat Hippocampal Slice." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 1909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.4.1909.
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The cholinergic system is critically involved in synaptic models of learning and memory by enhancing dendritic [Ca2+]i signals. Diffuse cholinergic innervation suggests subcellular modulation of membrane currents and Ca2+ signals. Here we use ion-selective microelectrodes to study spread of carbachol (CCh) after focal application into brain slice and subcellular muscarinic modulation of synaptic responses in CA1 pyramidal neurons. Proximal application of CCh rapidly blocked the somatic slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) following repetitive stimulation. In contrast, the time course of potentiation of the slow tetanic depolarization (STD) during synaptic input was slower and followed the time course of spread of CCh to the dendritic tree. With distal application, augmentation of the somatic STD and of dendritic Ca2+ responses followed spread of CCh to the entire apical dendritic tree, whereas the sAHP was blocked only after spread of CCh to the proximal dendritic segment. In dendritic recordings, CCh blocked a small sAHP, augmented the STD, and rather reduced dendritic action potentials. Augmentation of dendritic Ca2+ signals was highly correlated to augmentation of the STD. The NMDA receptor antagonist dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) blocked ∼55% of the STD in control and during CCh application. In conclusion, muscarinic suppression of the proximal sAHP can augment firing and thereby Ca2+ responses. Dendritic augmentation of the STD by blockade of the sAHP and direct enhancement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor–mediated currents potentiates Ca2+ signals even when firing is not affected due to suprathreshold input. In this way, subcellular muscarinic modulation may contribute to parallel information processing and storage by dendritic synapses of CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Wang, Zaijie J., Diana J. Wilkie, and Robert Molokie. "Neurobiological Mechanisms of Pain in Sickle Cell Disease." Hematology 2010, no. 1 (December 4, 2010): 403–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.403.
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Abstract Pain is a frequent complaint of people living with sickle cell disease (SCD); however, the neurobiology of pain in SCD remains poorly understood. Whereas this pain has been thought to be primarily related to visceral and somatic tissue injury subsequent to vaso-occlusion events, emerging evidence from human and animal studies has suggested that a component of SCD pain may be related to neuropathic processes. Significant knowledge has been obtained from studies of molecular and neurobiological mechanisms leading to and maintaining neuropathic pain. Some of the most promising evidence has implicated major roles of protein kinase C and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, and their interaction with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 receptor in the development of neuropathic pain. The latest evidence from our studies suggests that these pathways are important for SCD pain as well. Coupled with emerging animal models of SCD pain, we can now start to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms underlying pain in SCD, which may lead to better understanding and effective therapies.
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Montgomery, Stuart, Krai Chatamra, Lynne Pauer, Ed Whalen, and Francesca Baldinetti. "Efficacy and safety of pregabalin in elderly people with generalised anxiety disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 193, no. 5 (November 2008): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.037788.
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BackgroundPregabalin is a novel compound that has been shown to have efficacy in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder and is licensed for the treatment of the disorder in the European Union.AimsThe current study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pregabalin, an α2δ-ligand, in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in people 65 years and older.MethodThis was a double-blind, randomised (2:1), placebo-controlled, 8-week trial of pregabalin, in flexible doses of 150–600 mg/day, in the treatment of DSM–IV generalised anxiety disorder with a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRSA) total score ⩾20. The primary outcome was end-point (week 8 or last visit, with last observation carried forward (LOCF)) change in HRSA total score.ResultsA total of 273 patients (women, 78%; mean age, 72 years (s.d.=6); mean baseline HRSA total score, 26 (s.d.=4.6)) were randomised and received study treatment. On the primary intent-to-treat LOCF analysis, pregabalin was associated with a 2-point greater reduction in HRSA total score than placebo (12.87 v. 10.7; P<0.05). In a post hoc repeated measures mixed-effect model analysis, pregabalin was associated with significantly greater improvement than placebo in the HRSA total score from week 2 (–9.8 (s.d.=0.6) v. −7.2 (s.d.=0.8); P=0.0052) through week 8 (–14.4 (s.d.=0.6) v. −11.6 (s.d.=0.8); P=0.0070). Significant improvement was observed in the pregabalin group on both the HRSA psychic and somatic anxiety factors. There was a significantly greater decrease from baseline in mean Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score with pregabalin compared with placebo (–5.48 (s.d.=0.46) v. −4.02 (s.d.=0.59); P=0.041). Pregabalin was well-tolerated, with almost all adverse events in the mild-to-moderate range, and self-limiting (median duration of 4–16 days). Discontinuations due to adverse events were similar for pregabalin (10.7%) and placebo (9.4%).ConclusionsPregabalin, in doses of 150–600 mg/day, was a safe and effective treatment of generalised anxiety disorder in patients 65 years and older. The anxiolytic efficacy of pregabalin had an early onset (by 2 weeks) and significantly improved both psychic and somatic symptoms of anxiety.
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Petker, Tashia, Christine Yanke, Liah Rahman, Laurel Whalen, Karen Demaline, Kari Whitelaw, Debbie Bang, Katherine Holshausen, Michael Amlung, and James MacKillop. "Naturalistic Evaluation of an Adjunctive Yoga Program for Women with Substance Use Disorders in Inpatient Treatment: Within-Treatment Effects on Cravings, Self-efficacy, Psychiatric Symptoms, Impulsivity, and Mindfulness." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 15 (January 2021): 117822182110266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11782218211026651.
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Addiction continues to be a major public health concern, and rates of relapse following currently-available treatments remain high. There is increasing interest in the adjunctive use of mindfulness-based interventions, such as yoga, to improve treatment outcomes. The current study was a preliminary naturalistic investigation of a novel trauma-informed yoga intervention in an inpatient treatment program for women with substance use disorder (SUD). Changes and differences in somatic symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, and psychological mechanisms were evaluated in women receiving treatment-as-usual (n = 36) and treatment-as-usual plus the yoga intervention (n = 42). For both groups, statistically significant within-subjects changes were present for somatic and psychiatric symptoms, cravings, self-efficacy, and multiple facets of impulsivity and mindfulness. Compared to standard treatment alone, participants in the treatment plus yoga condition significantly improved in range of motion and the Lack of Premeditation facet of impulsivity. Although most domains were not selectively affected, these initial within-treatment findings in this naturalistic evaluation suggest some promise for adjunctive yoga and a need for further evaluation, especially using larger samples and longer term follow-up.
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Frazier, Lorraine, Erica Yu, Jennifer Sanner, Fang Liu, Malini Udtha, Stanley Cron, Stephanie Coulter, and Roberta C. Bogaev. "Gender Differences in Self-Reported Symptoms of Depression among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome." Nursing Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/109251.
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This study examined the prevalence of self-reported depressive symptoms and the self reported somatic depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and explored the impact of gender on both. A convenience sample of 789 adults (248 women and 541 men) was recruited for the study during hospital admission for ACS and participants were screened for self-reported depressive symptoms. BDI-II scores of ≥14 indicate a moderate level of depressive symptoms and this cut-off score was used to categorize patients into depressed and non-depressed groups. Pearson chi-square tests for independence (categorical variables) andttests for independent samples (continuous variables) were used for gender comparisons. Results showed that depressive symptoms during ACS episodes were different between women and men. Women reported greater overall depressive symptoms (BDI-II mean = 11.89, S.D. = 9.68) than men (BDI-II mean = 9.00, S.D. = 7.93) (P<0.000). Significantly more women (7.66%) were identified positive for somatic depressive symptoms (sleep and appetite disturbances and fatigue) than men (2.22%) (P=0.0003). Findings support that there are gender differences in depressive symptoms experienced by patients hospitalized for ACS. Somatic symptoms of depression may be important indicators of depression especially among female ACS patients.
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Softic, R., E. Becirovic, and M. Mirkovic Hajdukov. "Why do I Have to Die Twice? EMDR Treatment After Experience of Clinical Death." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): s782—s783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1491.
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BackgroundClinical death is etiologically non-specific state of reversible cessation of blood circulation and breathing, the two necessary criteria to sustain life. Serious consequences in form of anxiety and/or depression can remains after recovery.Case reportMale patient 55 y/o with no prior history of psychiatric difficulties, who experienced clinical death after cardiac infarction. Reanimation was successful and he was discharged with minimal if any cardiac consequences. During the hospitalization in Coronar unit he reacted with major depression, and aftermath with disabilitating anxiety and panic attacks followed by avoidant behavior, obsessive thoughts, social withdrawal, and consequently, very poor quality of life, regardless of the favorable outcome of somatic (cardiac) illness. The patient did not wanted psychiatric medications, so EMDR treatment was introduced. We assess negative cognition: why do I have to die twice? “Subjective unit of disturbance regarding the traumatic event (SUD) was 9”. Adhering to the EMDR protocol, the therapist helped the patient to re-process the traumatic event (the very moment when he was told that “he was died”). Complete desensitization and reprocessing were accomplished, SUD was 0, VoC was 7. Patient reached pre-morbid level of psychosocial functioning, doing his demanding job, and enjoying his social life.ConclusionNear death experience has high traumatic potential with serious psychological consequences. EMDR is efficious treatment for variety of anxiety disorders caused by psychologic trauma due to physical illness.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kim, Kyeoung-Hwa, Eun-Young Kim, Su-Yeon Lee, Jung-Jae Ko, and Kyung-Ah Lee. "Oocyte Cytoplasmic Gas6 and Heparan Sulfate (HS) are Required to Establish the Open Chromatin State in Nuclei During Remodeling and Reprogramming." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 45, no. 1 (December 22, 2017): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000486221.
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Background/Aims: Previously, we found that silencing of growth arrest-specific gene 6 (Gas6) in oocytes impaired cytoplasmic maturation, resulting in failure of sperm chromatin decondensation (SCD) and pronuclear (PN) formation after fertilization. Thus, we conducted this study to determine the effect of Gas6 RNAi on downstream genes and to elucidate the working mechanism of Gas6 on oocyte cytoplasmic maturation and SCD. Methods: Using RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence, the expression levels of various target genes and the localization of heparan sulfate (HS) were analyzed after Gas6 RNAi. The roles of Gas6 in HS biosynthesis, production of ATP and GSH, ROS generation and ΔΨm were also investigated. SCD and micrococcal nuclease (MNase) analyses were used to examine the effects of HS on the open chromatin state in sperm and somatic cell nuclei, respectively. Results: Disruption of Gas6 expression led to the inhibition of HS biosynthesis through the reduction of several HS biosynthetic enzymes. The rescue experiment, HS treatment in vitro, significantly recovered SCD and PN formation, confirming that HS had the ability to induce sperm head remodeling during fertilization. Interestingly, excessive mitochondrial activation in Gas6-depleted MII oocytes caused ROS generation and glutathione (GSH) degradation via mitochondrial activation, such as elevated ΔΨm and ATP production. Indeed, HS-treated NIH3T3 cell nuclei showed an open chromatin state, as determined by diffuse DAPI staining and increased sensitivity to MNase. Conclusion: We propose that the addition of HS to sperm and/or oocyte maturation would improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) reprogramming.
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Osunkwo, Ifeyinwa, Hazel F. O'Connor, and Elna Saah. "Optimizing the management of chronic pain in sickle cell disease." Hematology 2020, no. 1 (December 4, 2020): 562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/hematology.2020000143.
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Abstract Chronic pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) refers to pain present on most days lasting over six months. It can start during childhood and the prevalence increases with age. By adulthood, over 55% of patients experience pain on over 50% of days; 29% reporting pain on 95% of days. The true prevalence of chronic pain in SCD is likely underappreciated as it is mostly managed at home. Patients with chronic pain and SCD frequently seek acute care for exacerbation of underlying chronic pain difficult to distinguish from their usual acute vaso-occlusive crises. When treating chronic pain in SCD, the challenge is distinguishing between non-SCD related etiologies versus chronic pain resulting from SCD pathophysiological processes. This distinction is important to delineate as it will drive appropriate management strategies. Chronic pain in SCD has profound consequences for the patient; is often associated with comorbid psychiatric illnesses (depression and anxiety), not dissimilar from other chronic pain syndromes. They may also experience challenges with sleep hygiene, various somatic symptoms, and chronic fatigue that impair quality of life. How best to treat chronic pain in SCD is not definitively established. Both acute and chronic pain in SCD is typically treated with opioids. Emerging data suggests that chronic opioid therapy (COT) is a suboptimal treatment strategy for chronic pain. This review will discuss the complexity of managing chronic pain in SCD; pain that may be dependent or independent of the underlying SCD diagnosis. We will also describe alternative treatment approaches to high-dose COT.
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Kulig, H., I. Kowalewska-Łuczak, and M. Kmieć. "Effect of <i>SCD</i> SNPs on milk production traits of Jersey cows (Brief Report)." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 1 (October 10, 2010): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-116-2010.
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Abstract. Studies concerning associations between candidate gene polymorphisms and milk production traits in cattle are carried out on a large scale (CITEK et al. 2007, KULIG 2005). Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the enzyme involved in conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids. The gene encoding SCD was mapped to bovine chromosome 26 (CAMPBELL et al. 2001), where some QTLs for fat yield and other milk production traits as well as for somatic cells count (SCC) were also identified. Some of the SNPs identified within the SCD were significantly associated with fatty acid composition in milk and in carcass fat tissue (MOIOLI et al. 2007, TANIGUCHI et al. 2004). The effect of genotypes on milk production traits and SCC in cattle has not been reported so far. The aim of this study was therefore to establish possible associations between two SNPs in the SCD and milk production traits and SCC in Jersey cows.
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Woodruff, R. C., J. P. Phillips, and A. J. Hilliker. "Increased spontaneous DNA damage in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) deficient Drosophila." Genome 47, no. 6 (December 1, 2004): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g04-083.
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The superoxide dismutases (SODs) protect oxygen-using cells against reactive oxygen species, the potentially toxic by-products of respiration, oxidative metabolism, and radiation. We have previously shown that genetic disruption of CuZn SOD (SOD1) in Drosophila imparts a recessive phenotype of reduced lifespan, infertility, and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. We now show that the absence of SOD1 increases spontaneous genomic damage. The increase in spontaneous mutation rate occurs in SOD1-null mutants in somatic cells as well as in the germ line. Further, we show that specific DNA repair-defective mutations, which are easily tolerated in SOD1+ flies, lead to high mortality when introduced into the SOD1-null homozygous mutant background.Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, superoxide dismutase, mutations, germ and somatic cells, lethal and somatic mutations, reactive oxygen.
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Oatman, Nicole, Nupur Dasgupta, Biplab Dasgupta, Kwangmin Choi, Mruniya Gawali, Nishtha Gupta, Sreeja Parameswaran, et al. "CBMT-05. GENETIC AND EPIGENETIC MECHANISMS REGULATING SCD INHIBITOR SENSITIVITY IN GLIOBLASTOMA." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.127.
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Abstract A status-quo in targeted cancer therapy is that out of the thousands of somatic alterations found in a cancer cell, alterations only in driver genes determine therapeutic strategy. Despite unimpressive results of some driver-targeted therapies, and given that the majority of genomic alterations in cancer are not ‘drivers’, but ‘passengers’ / bystander alterations, it remains underappreciated whether targeting built-in vulnerabilities imposed by passenger gene alterations may provide therapeutic value. The tumor suppressor PTEN undergoes widespread functional inactivation including deletion in human cancer. PTEN deletion occurs frequently in GBM, sometimes as part of the 10q loss or chromosome 10 monosomy. We discovered that several genes including Stearoyl Co-A Desaturase, SCD (10q24.31), located 12 MB telomeric to PTEN is frequently co-deleted hemizygously and unintentionally in PTEN-deleted cancers. Strikingly, in a subset of GBM, SCD was also epigenetically silenced. A combination of SCD deletion and methylation resulted in two molecular subgroups – one that expressed SCD, and another that showed little or no detectable SCD. SCD, is an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum and converts saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids (Oleic and palmitoleic acids) that are critical for membrane fluidity and function, and thus SCD is generally overexpressed in most cancers. We show that SCD expressing lines are highly sensitive to multiple SCD inhibitors, while non-expressors are resistant. Despite modest BBB penetration, one SCD inhibitor was remarkably efficient in blocking intracranial tumor growth. SCD is an oxygen-dependent enzyme. We show that SCD retains significant enzymatic activity even in highly hypoxic conditions. Finally, through RNAseq, functional proteomics and ATACseq, we demonstrate an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of acquired resistance to SCD inhibitor through drug-induced acute phase signaling response in multiple SCD expressing cancers.
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Pinyaev, S. I., T. P. Kuzmenko, N. V. Revina, M. V. Parchaykina, A. S. Pronin, I. V. Syusin, O. S. Novozhilova, V. V. Revin, E. V. Chudaikina, and E. S. Revina. "Influence of Resveratrol on Oxidation Processes and Lipid Phase Characteristics in Damaged Somatic Nerves." BioMed Research International 2019 (December 11, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2381907.
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It has been shown that the intensification of oxidative processes is observed when somatic nerves of rats are damaged. Accumulation of malondialdehyde occurs, and the phase properties of the lipid bilayer change, especially in the distal part of the nerve. Under the same conditions, there are multidirectional changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreases, and catalase (CAT) activity increases. Under the action of resveratrol, there is a decrease in the number of TBA-active products in both areas of the damaged nerve. Alongside resveratrol action, SOD and CAT activity tends to return towards the control values. Similar patterns are observed in the action of resveratrol on the phase states of lipids with the damage to somatic nerves. By summarizing the data obtained, it can be claimed that when the nerve is damaged, profound changes occur both in the lipid component and in the antioxidant system. Resveratrol has a stabilizing effect on the studied parameters, and a longer period of time is required for their complete recovery.
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Kamatham, Saivaishnavi, Dorin Colibaseanu, Amit Merchea, Faisal Shahjehan, Jason Scott Starr, Kabir Mody, and Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi. "Mutational burden on circulating cell-free tumor-DNA testing as a surrogate marker of mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite instability and/or response to immunotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e15066-e15066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15066.
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e15066 Background: Circulating cell-free tumor-DNA (ctDNA) testing (‘liquid biopsy’) is increasingly being employed both in clinical trials as well as clinical practice. We aimed to contrast and compare the differences in the number of somatic mutations observed on ctDNA testing between mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability-high (dMMR/MSI-High) versus mismatch repair proficient/microsatellite stable (pMMR/MSS) colorectal cancers (CRC). Methods: We had 20 patients at Mayo Clinic Florida that were dMMR/MSI-High with testing through the commercially available platform (Guardant360) that uses a 73-gene panel. Median numbers of somatic mutations were compared between the 2 subset of CRC. Results: Patients with dMMR/MSI-High CRC had a median of 8 mutations (range: 2-15) versus a median of 4 mutations (range: 1-22) in pMMR/MSS patients, p-value of 0.001. Similarly, the mean number of somatic mutations were 7.47 (S.D. ± 4.15) versus 5.02 mutations (S.D. ± 3.83) in patients with dMMR/MSI-H and pMMR/MSS, tumors respectively. Though it is simplistic, we could still potentially identify patients who may be candidates for immunotherapy by gauging the mutational burden reported (Table). Furthermore, on serial testing, decline in mutational burden as early as few weeks into therapy was predictive of response later on imaging. Conclusions: Analysis of number of somatic mutations on ctDNA testing can be complementary to MMR/MSI-testing, especially in situations when tissue is not available or safe to obtain. This can also be of value in predicting and/or following response to immunotherapy. The utility of this may go beyond CRC in identifying patients who may benefit from immunotherapy. [Table: see text]
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Domhardt, Matthias, Lena Steubl, and Harald Baumeister. "Internet- and Mobile-Based Interventions for Mental and Somatic Conditions in Children and Adolescents." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000625.
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Abstract. This meta-review integrates the current meta-analysis literature on the efficacy of internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) for mental disorders and somatic diseases in children and adolescents. Further, it summarizes the moderators of treatment effects in this age group. Using a systematic literature search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE/PubMed, we identified eight meta-analyses (N = 8,417) that met all inclusion criteria. Current meta-analytical evidence of IMIs exists for depression (range of standardized mean differences, SMDs = .16 to .76; 95 % CI: –.12 to 1.12; k = 3 meta-analyses), anxiety (SMDs = .30 to 1.4; 95 % CI: –.53 to 2.44; k = 5) and chronic pain (SMD = .41; 95 % CI: .07 to .74; k = 1) with predominantly nonactive control conditions (waiting-list; placebo). The effect size for IMIs across mental disorders reported in one meta-analysis is SMD = 1.27 (95 % CI: .96 to 1.59; k = 1), the effect size of IMIs for different somatic conditions is SMD = .49 (95 % CI: .33 to .64; k = 1). Moderators of treatment effects are age (k = 3), symptom severity (k = 1), and source of outcome assessment (k = 1). Quality ratings with the AMSTAR-2-checklist indicate acceptable methodological rigor of meta-analyses included. Taken together, this meta-review suggests that IMIs are efficacious in some health conditions in youths, with evidence existing primarily for depression and anxiety so far. The findings point to the potential of IMIs to augment evidence based mental healthcare for children and adolescents.
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McClish, Donna K., Wally R. Smith, James L. Levenson, Imoigele P. Aisiku, John D. Roberts, Susan D. Roseff, and Viktor E. Bovbjerg. "Comorbidity, Pain, Utilization, and Psychosocial Outcomes in Older versus Younger Sickle Cell Adults: The PiSCES Project." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4070547.
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Background. Patients with SCD now usually live well into adulthood. Whereas transitions into adulthood are now often studied, little is published about aging beyond the transition period. We therefore studied age-associated SCD differences in utilization, pain, and psychosocial variables.Methods. Subjects were 232 adults in the Pain in Sickle Cell Epidemiology Study (PiSCES). Data included demographics, comorbidity, and psychosocial measures. SCD-related pain and health care utilization were recorded in diaries. We compared 3 age groups: 16–25 (transition), 26–36 (younger adults), and 37–64 (older adults) years.Results. Compared to the 2 adult groups, the transition group reported fewer physical challenges via comorbidities, somatic complaints, and pain frequency, though pain intensity did not differ on crisis or noncrisis pain days. The transition group utilized opioids less often, made fewer ambulatory visits, and had better quality of life, but these differences disappeared after adjusting for pain and comorbidities. However, the transition group reported more use of behavioral coping strategies.Conclusion. We found fewer biological challenges, visits, and better quality of life, in transition-aged versus older adults with SCD, but more behavioral coping. Further study is required to determine whether age-appropriate health care, behavioral, or other interventions could improve age-specific life challenges of patients with SCD.
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Manna, Indranil, Kuladip Jana, and Prabhat Kumar Samanta. "Intensive Swimming Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats: Protective Role of α-Tocopherol Succinate." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h04-013.
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In the present study, 30 male rats (age 3 mos, Wt 128.6 ± 3.7 g) were randomly divided into Control group (CG), Experimental group (EG), and Supplemented group (SG), 10 per group. An exercise protocol (3 hrs swimming per day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks) was followed in EG and SG, with no exercise in CG. In SG, α-tocopherol succinate was injected subcutaneouly at a dose of 50 mg•kg−1 per body weight per day. After 4 weeks of exercise, significant diminutions (p < 0.05) were noted in somatic indices of testes and accessory sex organs; seminiferous tubuler diameter (STD); testicular Δ5, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Δ5, 3β-HSD) 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 β-HSD) activities; plasma levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH); preleptotine spermatocytes (pLSc), mid-pachytene spermatocytes (mPSc), and Stage 7 spermatids (7 Sd); testicular α-tocopherol and glutathione (GSH) content; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) activities in EG when compared to CG. Moreover, a significant elevation (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) was found in testes of EG compared to CG. No significant alteration was noted in body weight among the groups. Co-administration of α-tocopherol succinate restored the above parameters. Intensive swimming exercise-induced oxidative stress causes dysfunction in the male reproductive system, which can be protected by α-tocopherol succinate. Key words: spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, lipid peroxidation, vitamin E
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Andreeva, V. A., V. Lee, M. Liu, R. T. Saurbaeva, T. V. Konovalova, E. A. Кlimanova, O. I. Sebezhko, and A. V. Nazarenko. "THE IMPACT OF THE STUD RAMS’ GENOTYPE ON THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE OFFSPRINGS’ CELLS." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 4 (December 29, 2019): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2019-53-4-23-31.
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The paper demonstrates the research results on somatic chromosomal instability that includes the number of chromosomal fragments in the blood cells of the ram descendants, obtained from Romanov servicing rams. The research was carried out on the populations of Romanov sheep at OAO “Vaganovo” in Promyshlennovsky district of the Kemerovo region. The samples were prepared by means of the P. Murkhed method and stained using the Romanovsky-Gimza method. 2580 metaphase blood plates of lambs were studied. The authors analyzed the environmental situation in the breeding area. Studies of soil, fodder, organs and tissues of the animals of different species confirm that there are no heavy metal pollution within the sanitary protection zones in Western Siberia. The authors found out the hereditary regularities of somatic chromosomal instability in the Romanov sheep. The researchers identified the impact of servicing rams genotype on the quantity of fragments of chromosomes in the blood cells of the offspring. The differences in phenotypic variability were revealed in the offspring of different ram-males. The paper shows that the number of chromosome fragments in the sons of some fathers was 3.2 times higher than in the descendants of other servicing rams. Due to the lack of the data on somatic chromosomal instability, the number of chromosomal fragments in the cells of Romanov sheep in Siberia, the data obtained can be accepted as a physiological standard, as well as used to characterize animal interior.
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Bizzi, F., R. Castellano, and D. Cavanna. "Disruptive behavior disorders and somatic symptoms disorders: Which strategies of emotion regulation children and their parent's use?" European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1221.
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IntroductionEmotion regulation (ER) is defined as the processes through which emotional awareness and experience are monitored, evaluated, maintained, and modified (Thompson, 1994). Difficulties with these processes have been proposed to increase risk for psychopathology. Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) and somatic symptoms disorders (SSD) are characterized by an inability to express and modulate emotional states. Research aims to understand how ER influences mental health.ObjectivesWe focus on two strategy of ER: Cognitive Reappraisal, involves changing the way one thinks about a situation in order to change its emotional impact; Expressive Suppression involves suppressing or hiding external expressions of emotion from others (John and Gross, 2004)AimsWe assess ER in order to examine the relation with SSD and DBD in childhood and with their parents.MethodsThe sample consists of 188 subjects divided in four groups: n = 41 children with DBD (M = 10.78 years, SD = 2.11); n = 50 parents (36 mothers and 14 fathers) of children with DBD; n = 44 children with SSD (M = 11.98 years, SD = 2.04); n = 53 parents (40 mothers and 11 fathers) of children with SSD. Were administered the ERQ (Balzarotti et al., 2010) for parents and ERQ-CA (Gullone and Taffe, 2012) for children.ResultsDBD children reported higher levels of Suppression than SSD subjects; high levels of Suppression were reported in mother SSD and in father DBD.ConclusionThis study extended previous research in childhood, including both mothers and fathers. The findings contribute to a greater understanding of the development of ER, which has important implications for psychological wellbeing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Hedman, Erik, Erland Axelsson, Erik Andersson, Mats Lekander, and Brjánn Ljótsson. "Exposure-based cognitive–behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: randomised controlled trial." British Journal of Psychiatry 209, no. 5 (November 2016): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181396.
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BackgroundIn DSM-5 two new diagnoses, somatic symptom disorder (SSD) and illness anxiety disorder (IAD), have replaced DSM-IV hypochondriasis. There are no previous treatment studies for these disorders. Cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) delivered as therapist-guided or unguided internet treatment or as unguided bibliotherapy could be used to increase treatment accessibility.AimsTo investigate the effect of CBT delivered as guided internet treatment (ICBT), unguided internet treatment (U-ICBT) and as unguided bibliotherapy.MethodA randomised controlled trial (RCT) where participants (n= 132) with a diagnosis of SSD or IAD were randomised to ICBT, U-ICBT, bibliotherapy or to a control condition on a waiting list (trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01966705).ResultsCompared with the control condition, all three treatment groups made large and significant improvements on the primary outcome Health Anxiety Inventory (between-groupdat post-treatment was 0.80–1.27).ConclusionsICBT, U-ICBT and bibliotherapy can be highly effective in the treatment of SSD and IAD. This is the first study showing that these new DSM-5 disorders can be effectively treated.
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Adisa, Olufolake, Samit Ghosh, Fang Tan, Prasanthi Chappa, David R. Archer, and Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah. "Bone-Marrow Derived Cells Can Reconstitute GCLM Function in the Sickle Lung." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 4836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.4836.4836.
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Abstract Abstract 4836 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic hemolytic and inflammatory disorder characterized by repeated episodes of vaso-occlusion and hemolysis, resulting in oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. We have recently demonstrated that the heme scavenging capacity in SCD is severely impaired, highlighting the danger posed by excess heme in this disorder. Paradoxically, heme induces expression of several cyto-protective enzymes including the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLM), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, which is a crucial antioxidant in the lung. While the induction of cytoprotective enzymes is thought to attenuate the deleterious effects of heme in SCD the somatic origin of this protection has not previously been defined. Using transgenic mouse models we show for the first time that the level of GCLM in the sickle lung is markedly up-regulated due primarily to enhanced expression of the enzyme in the epithelium and blood mononuclear cells, but not in the endothelium. Based on these findings, we tested the hypothesis that leukocyte-derived GCLM was sufficient to protect the sickle lung from oxidative stress. Thus, bone marrow chimeric SCD mice with GCLM deficiency were generated by transplanting bone marrow from Berkeley SCD transgenic mice into GCLM null mice recipients. We confirmed that the chimeric GCLM-null-SCD mice had a SCD phenotype as determined by >95% engraftment of donor white blood cells, reticulocyte counts, urine osmolality and hemoglobin gel electrophoresis. Whole lung GCLM and total GSH levels in the chimeric mice were identical to the levels in the wild-type SCD mice. Moreover, lung function, as determined by oxygen saturation and breath rate, were identical in the two mouse strains. These results show that loss of GCLM expression in resident lung cells does not compromise production of GSH or the function of the lung in SCD. Disclosures: Ofori-Acquah: Emory University: Patents & Royalties.
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Operto, Francesca Felicia, Daniela Smirni, Chiara Scuoppo, Chiara Padovano, Valentina Vivenzio, Giuseppe Quatrosi, Marco Carotenuto, Francesco Precenzano, and Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino. "Neuropsychological Profile, Emotional/Behavioral Problems, and Parental Stress in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders." Brain Sciences 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11050584.
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Background: The aim of our study was to trace a specific neuropsychological profile, to investigate emotional-behavioral problems and parental stress in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Level 1/High functioning (ASD-HF), Specific Learning Disorders (SLD) and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) disorders and to highlight similarities and differences among the three groups. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data from a total of 62 subjects with ASD-HF (n = 19) ADHD (n = 21), SLD (n = 22) and 20 typical development. All the participants underwent neuropsychological standardized test for the evaluation of cognitive profile (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition—WISC-IV), behavioral and emotional problems (Child Behavior CheckList CBCL), and parental stress (Parental Stress Index Short Form—PSI-SF). The scores of the ASD-HF, ADHD, and SLD groups were compared using non-parametric statistic methods (Kruskall–Wallis H test and U Mann–Whitney for post-hoc analysis). Results: The ASD-HF group were significantly higher in all areas of the WISC-IV than the other two clinical groups. The SLD group performed significantly lower than ASD-HF in Working Memory Index. The SLD group showed lower scores on the somatic problems subscale than the other two groups. In the Difficult Child subscale of the PSI-SF, parents of ADHD children scored lower than the mothers of SLD subjects and higher than the fathers of SLD subjects. In all three groups there are specific deficiencies compared to the control group in the cognitive profile, behavioral and emotional problems, and parental stress. Conclusions: Our comparative analysis highlighted similarities and differences in three groups of children with different neurodevelopmental disorders, helping to better define cognitive, behavioral, and emotional characteristics of these children and parental stress of their parents.
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Gambaro, E., M. Lorenzo, C. Gramaglia, L. Girardi, C. Delicato, S. Gitana, F. Bert, A. Feggi, and P. Zeppegno. "Alexithymia, recognition of facial emotion and inference in patients with Eating Disorders (ED) or Substance Abuse Disorders (SAD)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.787.
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Alexythimia is a psychological construct characterized by difficulty describing emotions and distinguishing them from somatic components of the emotional activation. Patients with eating disorders (ED) or substance use disorders (SAD) commonly present also impairment of recognition of facial expressions and deficits in social inference. Patients with ED and SAD may present impulsiveness, difficulty in emotion-focused coping skills, and search for a concrete relief from psychological suffering. The purpose of study is to compare the ED, SAD and healthy controls (HC), in several variables, including Alexythimia, empathy, and ability to recognize emotions, social inference. Thirty-two patients with ED, 27 patients with SAD and 31 HC were recruited between September 2016 and April 2016 at the psychiatric ward of Novara Hospital, nursing home of Nebbiuno and the nursing home of Viverone. We administrated to patients the same battery of tests, composed by Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20), Facial Emotion Identification Test (FEIT), the awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT), temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), Symptoms Checklist-90 (SCL-90). The two clinical groups showed differences in TAS, FEIT and TASIT, highlighting Alexythimic tracts, difficulty in recognizing emotions and deficit of social inference, compared to HCs. The TCI and SCL-90 have also highlighted the common psychopathological characteristics and temperamental in patients with ED and SAD. Alexythimia is particularly represented in patients with ED and SAD, and could represent a maintenance factor, together with deficits in emotions recognition and social inference. The similarities between ED and TD seem to suggest the possibility of shared core features.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Pastor, Angel M., George Z. Mentis, Rosa R. De la Cruz, Eugenia Díaz, and Roberto Navarrete. "Increased Electrotonic Coupling in Spinal Motoneurons After Transient Botulinum Neurotoxin Paralysis in the Neonatal Rat." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00498.2002.
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The effect of early postnatal blockade of neuromuscular transmission using botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) type A on motoneuron gap junctional coupling was studied by means of intracellular recordings and biocytin labeling using the in vitro hemisected spinal cord preparation of neonatal rats. The somata of tibialis anterior (TA) motoneurons were retrogradely labeled at birth (P0) by intramuscular injection of fluorescent tracers. Two days later, BoNT was injected unilaterally into the TA muscle. The toxin blocked neuromuscular transmission for the period studied (P4–P7) as shown by tension recordings of the TA muscle. Retrograde horseradish peroxidase tracing in animals reared to adulthood demonstrated no significant cell death or changes in the soma size of BoNT-treated TA motoneurons. Intracellular recordings were carried out in prelabeled control and BoNT-treated TA motoneurons from P4 to P7. Graded stimulation of the ventral root at subthreshold intensities elicited short-latency depolarizing (SLD) potentials that consisted of several discrete components reflecting electrotonic coupling between two or more motoneurons. BoNT treatment produced a significant increase (67%) in the maximum amplitude of the SLD and in the number of SLD components as compared with control (3.1 ± 1.7 vs. 1.4 ± 0.7; means ± SD). The morphological correlates of electrotonic coupling were investigated at the light microscope level by studying the transfer of biocytin to other motoneurons and the putative sites of gap junctional interaction. The dye-coupled neurons clustered around the injected cell with close somato-somatic, dendro-somatic and -dendritic appositions that might represent the sites of electrotonic coupling. The size of the motoneuron cluster was, on average, 2.2 times larger after BoNT treatment. Our findings demonstrate that a short-lasting functional disconnection of motoneurons from their target muscle delays motoneuron maturation by halting the elimination of gap junctional coupling that normally occurs during early postnatal development.
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Hanft, Valerie N., Steven R. Fruchtman, Chrisley V. Pickens, Wendell F. Rosse, Thad A. Howard, and Russell E. Ware. "Acquired DNA mutations associated with in vivo hydroxyurea exposure." Blood 95, no. 11 (June 1, 2000): 3589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.11.3589.
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Abstract Hydroxyurea (HU) is an effective therapeutic agent for patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) or sickle cell disease (SCD). Short-term HU toxicities primarily include transient myelosuppression, but long-term HU risks have not been defined. The mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of HU is not established, although HU has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia in some patients with MPD. In this study, 2 assays were used to quantitate acquired somatic DNA mutations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after in vivo HU exposure. The HPRT assay measures hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) mutations, while the VDJ assay identifies “illegitimate” T-cell receptor Vγ-Jβ interlocus recombination events. PBMCs were analyzed from patients with MPD, adults and children with SCD, and normal controls. MPD patients with prolonged HU exposure had numbers of DNA mutations equivalent to patients with low HU exposure or controls. Similarly, adults with SCD had equivalent numbers of DNA mutations regardless of HU exposure. Children with SCD and 30-month HU exposure had equivalenthprt− mutations but significantly more VDJ mutations (1.82 ± 1.20 events per μg DNA) than children with 7-month HU exposure (1.58 ± 0.87 events) or no HU exposure (1.06 ± 0.45 events), P = .04 by analysis of variance. Taken together, these data suggest that the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of in vivo HU therapy is low. Although increased numbers of illegitimate VDJ recombination events do not directly portend leukemia, young patients with SCD and HU exposure should be monitored serially for increases in DNA mutations.
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Hanft, Valerie N., Steven R. Fruchtman, Chrisley V. Pickens, Wendell F. Rosse, Thad A. Howard, and Russell E. Ware. "Acquired DNA mutations associated with in vivo hydroxyurea exposure." Blood 95, no. 11 (June 1, 2000): 3589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.11.3589.011k38_3589_3593.
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Hydroxyurea (HU) is an effective therapeutic agent for patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs) or sickle cell disease (SCD). Short-term HU toxicities primarily include transient myelosuppression, but long-term HU risks have not been defined. The mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of HU is not established, although HU has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia in some patients with MPD. In this study, 2 assays were used to quantitate acquired somatic DNA mutations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after in vivo HU exposure. The HPRT assay measures hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) mutations, while the VDJ assay identifies “illegitimate” T-cell receptor Vγ-Jβ interlocus recombination events. PBMCs were analyzed from patients with MPD, adults and children with SCD, and normal controls. MPD patients with prolonged HU exposure had numbers of DNA mutations equivalent to patients with low HU exposure or controls. Similarly, adults with SCD had equivalent numbers of DNA mutations regardless of HU exposure. Children with SCD and 30-month HU exposure had equivalenthprt− mutations but significantly more VDJ mutations (1.82 ± 1.20 events per μg DNA) than children with 7-month HU exposure (1.58 ± 0.87 events) or no HU exposure (1.06 ± 0.45 events), P = .04 by analysis of variance. Taken together, these data suggest that the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of in vivo HU therapy is low. Although increased numbers of illegitimate VDJ recombination events do not directly portend leukemia, young patients with SCD and HU exposure should be monitored serially for increases in DNA mutations.
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Friesen, Christopher R., Simon P. de Graaf, and Mats Olsson. "The relationship of body condition, superoxide dismutase, and superoxide with sperm performance." Behavioral Ecology 30, no. 5 (June 11, 2019): 1351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arz086.
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Abstract Sperm competition theory predicts a negative correlation between somatic investment and traits that aid in pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection. Sperm performance is critical for postcopulatory success but sperm are susceptible to damage by free radicals such as superoxide radicals generated during mitochondrial respiration (mtSOx). Males can ameliorate damage to spermatozoa by investing in the production of antioxidants, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), which may act as a mechanistic link to pre- and postcopulatory trade-offs. Some male Australian, color-polymorphic painted dragon lizards (Ctenophorus pictus) possess a yellow throat patch (bib) that females prefer over nonbibbed males and are also more likely to win male–male contests indicating that males with bibs may be better at monopolizing females. We tested whether the sperm performance in nonbibbed males was superior to that of bibbed males. We show that overall sperm performance was not different between the bib-morphs, however, higher mtSOx levels were negatively correlated with sperm performance in bibbed males, but not of nonbibbed males. Blood cell mtSOx levels are negatively correlated with SOD activity in the plasma in all males early in the breeding season but SOD was lower in bibbed males. Nonbibbed males maintain a positive correlation between body condition and SOD activity over time while bibbed males do not. Together, these data suggest physiological associations between body condition, SOD activity, and sperm performance are linked to the expression of a yellow gular patch, which may be related to intrinsic differences in the metabolism of bibbed versus nonbibbed males.