Academic literature on the topic 'Somatometria'

Abstract An appropriate gestational weight gain is an essential factor of female reproductive success because gestational weight gain influences newborn size but also maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This paper aims to analyze the impact of maternal somatic factors, first of all maternal stature height, on gestational weight gain. Additionally the effect of gestational weight gain and other maternal somatic factors on newborn size was tested. In the present study the data of 12,661 term birth which have taken place in Vienna, Austria were analyzed. Maternal and newborn somatometric features such as prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, birth weight, birth length and head circumference were included. Nearly 65% of the women gained appropriate weight during pregnancy. About 20% showed an excessive, less than 15% an inappropriate gestational weight gain. Gestational weight gain was influenced significantly by prepregnancy weight status, maternal stature height, maternal age, but also nicotine consumption during pregnancy. A significant association between gestational weight gain and newborn somatometrics could be stated. It could be shown that gestational weight gain is influenced by several maternal somatic but also behavioral factors. Newborn size is associated with gestational weight gain.

Local ducks in Indonesia there are several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having characteristics different somatometri. Research on somatometri ducks that includes body weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and long-neck ducks important to know somatometri of each duck. This study aimed to analyze the differences somatometri at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck, which includes weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and a long neck. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The study was conducted by measuring somatometri of each six monthold ducks. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck, Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the differentiating factor is the type of duck. If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, then do a further test using the test Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all parameters of the study. Conclusion of the study three types of ducks will have somatometri not unlike that includes, weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length and the length of the neck. It was because give feed and feed same time. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Somatometri, Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks, Pengging duck

The research for new vertebro-somatometric correlations will significantly improve the possibilities of methods for individualizations of the normal parameters and will accelerate the introduction of scientific developments into the daily practice of clinicians, radiologists, neurosurgeons and other specialists. The aim of research is to investigate the peculiarities of relationships between partial linear dimensions of the lumbar intervertebral discs, their total sizes and relative indicators with somatometric parameters in the youth and young adult males in norm. The linear dimensions of the lumbar intervertebral discs (height, sagittal and transverse sizes) were measured noninvasively on the MRI images in the axial, sagittal and coronal plains. The somatometric investigation was performed individually with measuring of the general (length and weight of body) and particular sizes (the longitudinal sizes, the transverse sizes, the circumferences, pelvic sizes and skinfolds thickness). The bony, muscle and fat components of the body mass were calculated. Correlation analysis was performed in the «Statistica 6.1» license package. The arithmetic means of absolute correlation coefficients between particular and total individual sizes of IVDL1-L2, IVDL2-L3, IVDL3-L4, IVDL4-L5 and relative quantity with somatometric parameters were calculated with following results: arithmetic means of absolute correlation coefficients for particular individual sizes are within 0.080 – 0.150; for total sizes – 0.240; for ratio of the total sizes to the mass-growth coefficient – 0.490. Analysis of arithmetic mean values of absolute correlations with somatometric parameters in youth and young adult males in the norm (17-28 years) showed a gradual increase in the values of correlation coefficients and an increase in the number of significant correlations with maximum values in relative indicators. Thus, in youth and young adult males aged 18-28 years, the features of the relationship of somato-anthropometric parameters with the linear dimensions of the intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine in the norm were studied. The numerous relationships between the partial (height, sagittal and transverse sizes) linear dimensions and total sizes of the lumbar intervertebral discs in the youth and young adult males in norm (17-28 years) with their somatometric parameters were found. Thus, the use of relative indicators can be more acceptable in the subsequent mathematical modeling of individual indicators, in particular, the parameters of the intervertebral discs.

The relationships between linear dimensions of the lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDL1-L2, IVDL2-L3, IVDL3-L4, IVDL4-L5) and somatometric parameters in girls and females of the first adulthood were investigated. The numerous relationships between the partial (height, sagittal and transverse sizes) linear dimensions and total sizes of the lumbar intervertebral discs in girls and women of the first adulthood (16-26 years) with their somatometric parameters were found. The linear dimensions of the lumbar intervertebral discs (height, sagittal and transverse sizes) were measured on the MRI images in the axial, sagittal and coronal plains. The arithmetic means of absolute correlation coefficients between particular and total individual sizes of IVDL1-L2, IVDL2-L3, IVDL3-L4, IVDL4-L5 and relative quantity with somatometric parameters were calculated with following results: arithmetic means of absolute correlation coefficients for particular individual sizes are within 0,120 - 0,170; for total sizes – 0,190; for ratio of the total sizes to the mass-growth coefficient – 0,507.

Objective. The study aimed to perform a comprehensive morphofunctional assessment of the effectiveness of recreational activities in children aged 9–12 years in the summer of 2019.Materials and methods. The study was conducted by the “Problem scientific laboratory of physical methods of diagnosis and treatment” of RostGMU in the children’s health and recreation camp “Mir” (Krasnyi Desant village, Gulf of Taganrog). Procedures and time of the study: somatometry, bioimpedance analysis, сardiointervalography, stabilometrics on the 2nd day of stay and 2.5 weeks after. Two groups were formed: Group I included overweight children (OW), n = 15 (boys, n = 9; girls, n = 6); Group II included children with normal physical development (NPD), n = 37 (boys, n = 17; girls, n = 20). The children received a non-drug complex of camp resource provision for 3 weeks.Results. Health measures did not lead to significant changes in the somatometric parameters. According to the results of the сardiointerval recording, an authentic increase in the variational range and vegetative rhythm index was found in children with NPD, which indicates an increase in the parasympathetic activity of regulation. The stress index decreased by 30% in the case of NPD, and by 6% in the case of OW. Data from the stabilometric “Balls” simulator showed that after the recovery, the regulation of postural control was optimized, and decision-making processes were accelerated, especially in children with NPD.Conclusion. The study showed that in order to assess the effectiveness of recreational activities, along with “mandatory” methods, it is advisable to use functional methods such as cardiointervalography and stabilometrics, which can be recommended for use in health and rehabilitation institutions to assess the adaptive capabilities of the organism.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Recientemente se ha demostrado la asociación existente entre el tamaño al nacimiento y la aparición de enfermedades en la vida adulta.
La hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y la obesidad son más frecuentes en personas que nacieron con peso bajo para su edad gestacional (PBEG).
Los mecanismos que median esta asociación se desconocen, pero parece que el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina juega un papel fundamental.
Los recién nacidos con PBEG son muy sensibles a la insulina, pero si presentan durante los primeros meses de vida un crecimiento compensador rápido y exagerado, muestran mayor insulinemia basal a los 4 años y mayor adiposidad central a los 6 años de vida.

JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL ESTUDIO: Estudiar las relaciones entre somatometría, composición corporal y parámetros endocrino-metabólicos en recién nacidos sanos puede ser útil para dilucidar los mecanismos subyacentes.

HIPÓTESIS: El grado de crecimiento postnatal en recién nacidos sanos influye en la composición corporal y en los niveles de insulina y adiponectina al año de vida.

OBJETIVOS: 1) Conocer la composición corporal de niños sanos de nuestro medio, a los 10 días y al año de vida. 2) Conocer los niveles de glucosa, insulina y adiponectina en sangre de cordón (SC), y si existe correlación con la antropometría al nacimiento y con la composición corporal a los 10 días de vida. 3) Evaluar la relación entre grado de crecimiento postnatal y porcentaje y distribución de la grasa y niveles de insulina y adiponectina al año de edad.

MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Se han incluido 114 recién nacidos sanos de etnia caucásica y edad gestacional ≥ 35 semanas.
Se han cuantificado glucosa, insulina y adiponectina en SC y se ha analizado su composición corporal mediante absorciometría radiológica de doble energía a los 10 días. Al año de vida, se han realizado las mismas pruebas a 92 de estos niños.

RESULTADOS: 1) A los 10 días de vida, las mujeres presentan más masa grasa que los varones (786g vs 567g) y menos masa magra (2840g vs 3070g). Al año, esta diferencia entre sexos persiste (Masa grasa 3594g vs 3281g, masa magra: 6504g vs 7496g). El contenido mineral óseo no varía según el sexo. 2) Parámetros endocrino-metabólicos en SC: La glucosa (Mediana: 73,8 mg/dl) sólo se correlaciona con el tipo de parto. La insulina (Mediana: 5,5 µUI/ml) es mayor en mujeres y muestra correlación positiva con el z-score de peso al nacimiento, el índice ponderal, la adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal. La adiponectina (Media: 34,7 µg/ml) muestra correlación positiva con la adiposidad total y troncal, y negativa con el z-score de longitud al nacimiento. 3) Un mayor incremento de z-score de peso durante el primer año de vida se correlaciona con mayor adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal. No ocurre lo mismo con el incremento de z-score de longitud. Un mayor grado de crecimiento postnatal en peso o longitud en el primer año no se asocia a niveles mayores de insulina ni menores de adiponectina al año de vida.

CONCLUSIONES: 1) En RN sanos de nuestro medio, la masa grasa y la masa magra presentan una clara diferencia en función del sexo, que se mantiene al año de vida. 2) Los niveles de insulina y adiponectina en SC muestran correlación positiva con la adiposidad total y troncal a los 10 días de vida. 3) La adiposidad total, troncal y abdominal es mayor en los lactantes que han presentado un catch-up de peso entre el nacimiento y los 12 meses. 4) Un mayor grado de crecimiento postnatal no se asocia a niveles mayores de insulina ni menores de adiponectina al año de edad.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest an increased frequency of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in subjects who were small at birth. Fetal undernutrition results in developmental adaptations ("programming") that generate insulin resistance in adulthood. Small for gestational age newborns are highly sensitive to insulin, but after an exaggerated postnatal catch-up they show hyperinsulinemia and increased central adiposity.

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesised that the degree of postnatal growth in healthy babies is related to body composition and to insulin and adiponectin levels at 1 year of age.
We also explored the relationships between body size, body composition at age 10 days and at 1 year of age, and cord blood glucose, insulin and adiponectin levels.

METHODS: A longitudinal prospective study has been conducted on 114 Caucasian healthy newborn babies (GA≥ 35 weeks). Glucose, insulin and adiponectin have been assessed in cord blood and body composition has been studied by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at 10 days of age. Ninety-two of these babies have undergone the same assessments at age 1 year.

RESULTS: 1) At age 10 days, girls have more fat mass than boys (786g vs 567g, respectively) and less lean mass (2840g vs 3070g, respectively). At age 1 year, these differences persist (fat mass: 3594g vs 3281g, respectively; lean mass: 6504g vs 7496g, respectively); 2) Cord blood parameters: glucose (74 mg/dl) is only related to the type of delivery; insulin (5.5µUI/ml) is higher in girls and positively related to birth weight SDS, ponderal index, and total, truncal and abdominal fat. Adiponectin (34.7µg/ml) shows a positive correlation with total and truncal adiposity and a negative correlation with birth length SDS; 3) A greater increase in weight SDS during the first year is related to higher total, truncal and abdominal fat. A greater postnatal increase in weight and/or length is not associated to higher insulin levels and/or lower adiponectin levels.

CONCLUSIONS: 1) Body composition in healthy newborns is closely related to gender and to insulin and adiponectin levels; 2) Postnatal weight catch-up has an influence on fat amount and distribution, but not on insulin and adiponectin levels at 1 year of age.

Introducción: Perú y países con ecosistema de altura enfrentan desafíos que influyen a nivel biológico, económico y social. La hipoxia crónica requiere de adaptación para una adecuada homeostasis. Existen muchas investigaciones al respecto, pero acerca del recién nacido en la altura se conoce poco de sus valores normales de hematocrito, hemoglobina y somatometría. Objetivos: Establecer si existe diferencia entre valores de hemoglobina, hematocrito y somatometría de recién nacidos en altura y a nivel del mar y determinar sus valores respectivos y curvas promedio. Material y Métodos: Es un trabajo observacional, transversal y comparativo, tomándose todos los recién nacidos a término del Hospital de la Oroya ESSALUD (3750 msnm) y Hospital Naval Lima (150 msnm) durante 6 meses cuyas madres procedían y residían en estos lugares. Se excluyeron aquellos con anomalías congénitas, sufrimiento fetal agudo, hipoxia neonatal o hijos de madres con patología obstétrica que lleve a anemia neonatal o retardo del crecimiento intrauterino. Se realizó un examen físico completo, determinación de edad gestacional (EG), peso(P), talla(T) y a las 6 horas, hemoglobina(Hb) y hematocrito(Hto). Resultados: Se obtuvo un total de 496 recién nacidos: 215 en altura(A) y 281 a nivel del mar (B), En el grupo A, tuvimos 50.2% de sexo masculino y 49.8%, femenino, promedio de EG 39.12 +_1 sem., Hb 18.41+_2.34g/dl, Hto 56.22 +_6.99%, P 3119.08+_453.38 g, T 49.67+_ 1.89 cm; en el grupo B: 50.5% de sexo masculino, 49.5%, femenino, promedio de EG 38.83 +_ 1.05 sem., Hb 17.5+_1.04 g/dl, Hto 52.63 +_3.15%, P 3367.5 +_412.59 g, T 50.48 +_1.78cm. La prueba de U de Mann Whitney mostró diferencia altamente significativa entre los dos grupos (p menor a 0.01). Conclusión: Existe diferencia altamente significativa entre recién nacidos en altura y a nivel del mar con respecto a los valores de hemoglobina, hematocrito, peso, talla.
Tesis de segunda especialidad

INTRODUCCIÓN. Los desgarros perineales son la complicación asociada al parto más frecuente, su ocurrencia conlleva morbilidad y secuelas inmediatas y mediatas en la calidad de vida de la madre. OBJETIVOS. Se busca conocer si las medidas somatométricas guardan relación con la ocurrencia de desgarros, principalmente una posición perineal anterior y otros factores de riesgo asociados. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Estudio observacional analítico de casos y controles prospectivo, realizado en gestantes que atendieron a controles prenatales en el Hospital de Ventanilla durante los meses de julio a diciembre del año 2016. Se obtuvo un grupo de casos de 41 gestantes con horquilla vaginal anterior y otro de controles de 123 gestantes con una horquilla posterior. Se tomaron datos sobre otros factores de riesgo importantes. Se las siguió durante el periodo entre el último control prenatal y el parto. RESULTADOS. Se identificó a una horquilla vaginal anterior como factor de riesgo (RR 3.12, IC 95% 2.08-4.68 p<0.05). Otros factores identificados fueron: grupo étnico caucasoide (RR 3.06, IC 95% 2.19-4.29 p<0.05), ser madre joven (RR 2.5, IC 95% 1.68-3.73 p<0.05), madre añosa (RR 2.21, IC 95% 1.45-3.39 p<0.05), nuliparidad (RR 5.80, IC 95% 2.98-11.292 p<0.05), macrosomía fetal (OR 3.32, IC 95% 1.30-8.47 p<0.05) y expulsivo prolongado (RR 2.74, IC 95% 1.84-4.07 p<0.05). CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES. La somatometría perineal influye en la incidencia de los desgarros perineales, el poseer una horquilla vaginal en posición anterior constituye un factor de riesgo para su ocurrencia. Se recomienda implementar la toma de medidas somatométricas en al menos un control prenatal a fin de prever el riesgo del trauma perineal.

The construction of the Czechoslovakian socialist state was accompanied by numerous social projects, through which the communist dictatorship strived to influence even the most ordinary aspects of everyday lives of its citizens. The mass production of the off-the-peg clothes, which was subject to the state scientific research, was characteristic of the clothing industry after the year 1948. As a result, extensive somatometric projects were run on the Czechoslovakian territory (ADAGO, GOLIÁŠ, DEKOLT I-III). Their purpose was to map the population sizes, create a unified clothes size scale and develop a new methodology for cut structure. Simultaneously with this research, discussions about the ideal fashion canon, which would reflect the socialist ideology, also took place. The thesis analyses the clothing expert discourse of the period in a broader context and takes into account its informative value with regard to the period's conceptions of clothing, corporality, and fashion. Key words socialist dictatorship, socialist ideology, clothing industry, off-the-peg clothes, somatometry, clothing research, anthropometry, expert discourse

The aim of my thesis was to collect, compare and evaluate body size, body composition, vital lung capacity, dynamometry and a level of motor performance of men aged from 18 to 25 years of two target groups - men who are professional swimmers or floorball players, and males of a common population. Using standard somatometric methods, a group of 39 swimmers, a group of 39 floorball players, and a group of 39 non-sportsmen of a common population were examined. The examined body parametres were body length, body weight, bustline, arm line, contracted-arm line, forearm line, thigh line, calf line; width of epiphysis of humerus and femur, wrist, ankle, biacromial and bicristal breadth, breadth of the transverse and sagittal section of chest; skin folds. The ascertained data were compared with the results of previous researches. The thesis also includes the results of motor tests, dynamometry and vital lung capacity.