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Journal articles on the topic 'Somatotopic map'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Schlerf, J. E., T. D. Verstynen, R. B. Ivry, and R. M. C. Spencer. "Evidence of a Novel Somatopic Map in the Human Neocerebellum During Complex Actions." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 6 (2010): 3330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01117.2009.

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The human neocerebellum has been hypothesized to contribute to many high-level cognitive processes including attention, language, and working memory. Support for these nonmotor hypotheses comes from evidence demonstrating structural and functional connectivity between the lateral cerebellum and cortical association areas as well as a lack of somatotopy in lobules VI and VII, a hallmark of motor representations in other areas of the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. We set out to test whether somatotopy exists in these lobules by using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure cerebellar a

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2

Grajski, Kamil A., and Michael M. Merzenich. "Hebb-Type Dynamics is Sufficient to Account for the Inverse Magnification Rule in Cortical Somatotopy." Neural Computation 2, no. 1 (1990): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1990.2.1.71.

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The inverse magnification rule in cortical somatotopy is the experimentally derived inverse relationship between cortical magnification (area of somatotopic map representing a unit area of skin surface) and receptive field size (area of restricted skin surface driving a cortical neuron). We show by computer simulation of a simple, multilayer model that Hebb-type synaptic modification subject to competitive constraints is sufficient to account for the inverse magnification rule.

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3

Meier, Jeffrey D., Tyson N. Aflalo, Sabine Kastner, and Michael S. A. Graziano. "Complex Organization of Human Primary Motor Cortex: A High-Resolution fMRI Study." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 4 (2008): 1800–1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90531.2008.

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A traditional view of the human motor cortex is that it contains an overlapping sequence of body part representations from the tongue in a ventral location to the foot in a dorsal location. In this study, high-resolution functional MRI (1.5 × 1.5 × 2 mm) was used to examine the somatotopic map in the lateral motor cortex of humans, to determine whether it followed the traditional somatotopic order or whether it contained any violations of that somatotopic order. The arm and hand representation had a complex organization in which the arm was relatively emphasized in two areas: one dorsal and th

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4

ETTLINGER, G. "Somatotopic map of the flying fox." Nature 315, no. 6017 (1985): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/315285a0.

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5

BROWN, PAUL, RICHARD KOERBER, and RONALD MILLECCHIA. "Assembly of the dorsal horn somatotopic map." Somatosensory & Motor Research 14, no. 2 (1997): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08990229771097.

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6

Killackey, Herbert P., Robert W. Rhoades, and Carol A. Bennett-Clarke. "The formation of a cortical somatotopic map." Trends in Neurosciences 18, no. 9 (1995): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(95)93937-s.

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7

MAZZA, M. B., M. DE PINHO, and A. C. Roque. "Biologically Plausible Models of Topographic Map Formation in the Somatosensory and Auditory Cortices." International Journal of Neural Systems 09, no. 03 (1999): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065799000277.

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Computational models of the somatosensory and auditory systems have been constructed with the neurosimulator GENESIS. The somatosensory model consists of a cortical layer with 1024 pyramidal cells and 512 basket cells connected to a hand surface with 512 tactile receptors. The auditory model consists of a cortical layer with 2256 pyramidal cells and 1128 basket cells connected to a cochlea with 47 receptors. The models reproduce processes related to the formation and maintenance of somatotopic and tonotopic maps and exhibit several features observed in experiments with animals such as variabil

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8

Knutsen, Per M., Celine Mateo, and David Kleinfeld. "Precision mapping of the vibrissa representation within murine primary somatosensory cortex." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1705 (2016): 20150351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0351.

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The ability to form an accurate map of sensory input to the brain is an essential aspect of interpreting functional brain signals. Here, we consider the somatotopic map of vibrissa-based touch in the primary somatosensory (vS1) cortex of mice. The vibrissae are represented by a Manhattan-like grid of columnar structures that are separated by inter-digitating septa. The development, dynamics and plasticity of this organization is widely used as a model system. Yet, the exact anatomical position of this organization within the vS1 cortex varies between individual mice. Targeting of a particular

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9

Chu, Yun Wen, Suma Chinta, Hayagreev V. S. Keri, Shreya Beri, and Scott R. Pluta. "Stimulus selection enhances value-modulated somatosensory processing in the superior colliculus." PLOS Biology 23, no. 3 (2025): e3003057. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003057.

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A fundamental trait of intelligent behavior is the ability to respond selectively to stimuli with higher value. Where along the neural hierarchy does somatosensory processing transition from a map of stimulus location to a map of stimulus value? To address this question, we recorded single-unit activity from populations of neurons in somatosensory cortex (S1) and midbrain superior colliculus (SC) in mice conditioned to respond to a positive-valued stimulus and withhold responses to an adjacent, negative-valued stimulus. The stimulus preference of the S1 population was equally weighted towards

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10

Wilson, P., D. E. Meyers, and P. J. Snow. "The detailed somatotopic organization of the dorsal horn in the lumbosacral enlargement of the cat spinal cord." Journal of Neurophysiology 55, no. 3 (1986): 604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1986.55.3.604.

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The somatotopic organization of spinocervical tract cells and unidentified dorsal horn neurons that lie in the same depth range as the spinocervical tract cells has been examined in detail in the lumbosacral enlargement of cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Only gentle hair movement or light touch of glabrous skin were used as stimuli. Within the region of the dorsal horn containing these neurons there is a precise somatotopic organization. However, there is considerable variation between animals in the relationship between the somatotopic map and the lumbosacral segmental boundaries. Th

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11

Leblanc, Richard. "Charcot's motor brain map and 19th-century neurosurgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 135, no. 6 (2021): 1843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.10.jns202651.

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Neurosurgery is predicated on the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of the brain. When the topic is broached in its historiography, it begins with Fritch and Hitzig's report on the localization of motor function in the cortex of the dog and skips rapidly to Wilder Penfield's homunculus. In that gap are found the origins of modern neurosurgery in 3 papers published by Jean-Martin Charcot and Albert Pitres between 1877 and 1879 in which they describe the somatotopic organization of the human motor cortex and draw the first human brain map. Their findings, obtained through the clin

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12

Verstynen, Timothy, Kevin Jarbo, Sudhir Pathak, and Walter Schneider. "In Vivo Mapping of Microstructural Somatotopies in the Human Corticospinal Pathways." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (2011): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00698.2010.

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The human corticospinal pathway is organized in a body-centric (i.e., somatotopic) manner that begins in cortical cell bodies and is maintained in the axons as they project through the midbrain on their way to spinal motor neurons. The subcortical segment of this somatotopy has been described using histological methods on non-human primates but only coarsely validated from lesion studies in human patient populations. Using high definition fiber tracking (HDFT) techniques, we set out to provide the first in vivo quantitative description of the midbrain somatotopy of corticospinal fibers in huma

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13

Calford, M. B., M. L. Graydon, M. F. Huerta, J. H. Kaas, and J. D. Pettigrew. "A variant of the mammalian somatotopic map in a bat." Nature 313, no. 6002 (1985): 477–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/313477a0.

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14

Chen, Xin, Jae Woong Wang, Adele Salin-Cantegrel, Rola Dali, and Stefano Stifani. "Transcriptional regulation of mouse hypoglossal motor neuron somatotopic map formation." Brain Structure and Function 221, no. 8 (2015): 4187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-015-1160-2.

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15

Brown, L. L. "Somatotopic organization in rat striatum: evidence for a combinational map." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 89, no. 16 (1992): 7403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.16.7403.

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16

Parpia, Pasha. "Reappraisal of the Somatosensory Homunculus and Its Discontinuities." Neural Computation 23, no. 12 (2011): 3001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00179.

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Neuroscience folklore has it that somatotopy in human primary somatosensory cortex (SI) has two significant discontinuities: the hands and face map onto adjacent regions in SI, as do the feet and genitalia. It has been proposed that these conjunctions in SI result from coincident sources of stimulation in the fetal position, where the hands frequently touch the face, and the feet the genitalia. Computer modeling using a Hebbian variant of the self-organizing Kohonen net is consistent with this proposal. However, recent work reveals that the genital representation in SI for cutaneous sensations

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17

Wang, Luyao, Zhilin Zhang, Tomohisa Okada, et al. "Population Receptive Field Characteristics in the between- and Within-Digit Dimensions of the Undominant Hand in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 10 (2021): 4427–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab097.

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Abstract Somatotopy is an important guiding principle for sensory fiber organization in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which reflects tactile information processing and is associated with disease-related reorganization. However, it is difficult to measure the neuronal encoding scheme in S1 in vivo in normal participants. Here, we investigated the somatotopic map of the undominant hand using a Bayesian population receptive field (pRF) model. The model was established in hand space with between- and within-digit dimensions. In the between-digit dimension, orderly representation was found

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18

Andermann, Mark L., and Christopher I. Moore. "A somatotopic map of vibrissa motion direction within a barrel column." Nature Neuroscience 9, no. 4 (2006): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1671.

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19

Kitaura, Hiroki, Ryuichi Hishida, and Katsuei Shibuki. "Transcranial imaging of somatotopic map plasticity after tail cut in mice." Brain Research 1319 (March 2010): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.020.

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20

Falci, Scott, Charlotte Indeck, and Dave Barnkow. "Spinal cord injury below-level neuropathic pain relief with dorsal root entry zone microcoagulation performed caudal to level of complete spinal cord transection." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 28, no. 6 (2018): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.9.spine17373.

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OBJECTIVESurgically created lesions of the spinal cord dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) to relieve central pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) have historically been performed at and cephalad to, but not below, the level of SCI. This study was initiated to investigate the validity of 3 proposed concepts regarding the DREZ in SCI central pain: 1) The spinal cord DREZ caudal to the level of SCI can be a primary generator of SCI below-level central pain. 2) Neuronal transmission from a DREZ that generates SCI below-level central pain to brain pain centers can be primarily through sympathetic nervous

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21

Millecchia, R. J., L. M. Pubols, R. V. Sonty, J. L. Culberson, W. E. Gladfelter, and P. B. Brown. "Influence of map scale on primary afferent terminal field geometry in cat dorsal horn." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 3 (1991): 696–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.3.696.

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1. Thirty-one physiologically identified primary afferent fibers were labeled intracellularly with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). 2. A computer analysis was used to determine whether the distribution of cutaneous mechanoreceptive afferent terminals varies as a function of location within the dorsal horn somatotopic map. 3. An analysis of the geometry of the projections of these afferents has shown that 1) terminal arbors have a greater mediolateral width within the region of the foot representation than lateral to it, 2) terminal arbors have larger length-to-width ratios outside the foot repres

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22

Killackey, Herbert P. "Static and Dynamic Aspects of Cortical Somatotopy: A Critical Evaluation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1, no. 1 (1989): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1989.1.1.3.

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The demonstration that functional somatotopic maps within the adult neocortex undergo some degree of reorganization following peripheral injury has aroused considerable interest. The evidence for such reorganization in the rat and monkey is reviewed and it is concluded that in both species there is good evidence for limited functional map reorganization in the adult neocortex following peripheral injury. The significance of such functional map reorganization, particularly in terms of whether or not cortical maps are continuously modifiable throughout life, is discussed. It is concluded that th

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23

Antón-Bolaños, Noelia, Alejandro Sempere-Ferràndez, Teresa Guillamón-Vivancos, et al. "Prenatal activity from thalamic neurons governs the emergence of functional cortical maps in mice." Science 364, no. 6444 (2019): 987–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aav7617.

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The mammalian brain’s somatosensory cortex is a topographic map of the body’s sensory experience. In mice, cortical barrels reflect whisker input. We asked whether these cortical structures require sensory input to develop or are driven by intrinsic activity. Thalamocortical columns, connecting the thalamus to the cortex, emerge before sensory input and concur with calcium waves in the embryonic thalamus. We show that the columnar organization of the thalamocortical somatotopic map exists in the mouse embryo before sensory input, thus linking spontaneous embryonic thalamic activity to somatose

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24

Maldjian, Joseph A., Allan Gottschalk, Rita S. Patel, John A. Detre, and David C. Alsop. "The Sensory Somatotopic Map of the Human Hand Demonstrated at 4 Tesla." NeuroImage 10, no. 1 (1999): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/nimg.1999.0448.

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25

Hudson, Heather M., Michael C. Park, Abderraouf Belhaj-Saïf, and Paul D. Cheney. "Representation of individual forelimb muscles in primary motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 1 (2017): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01070.2015.

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Stimulus-triggered averaging (StTA) of forelimb muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity was used to investigate individual forelimb muscle representation within the primary motor cortex (M1) of rhesus macaques with the objective of determining the extent of intra-areal somatotopic organization. Two monkeys were trained to perform a reach-to-grasp task requiring multijoint coordination of the forelimb. EMG activity was simultaneously recorded from 24 forelimb muscles including 5 shoulder, 7 elbow, 5 wrist, 5 digit, and 2 intrinsic hand muscles. Microstimulation (15 µA at 15 Hz) was delivered th

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26

Zhang, Jun. "Dynamics and Formation of Self-Organizing Maps." Neural Computation 3, no. 1 (1991): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1991.3.1.54.

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Amari (1983, 1989) proposed a mathematical formulation on the self-organization of synaptic efficacies and neural response fields under the influence of external stimuli. The dynamics as well as the equilibrium properties of the cortical map were obtained analytically for neurons with binary input-output transfer functions. Here we extend this approach to neurons with arbitrary sigmoidal transfer function. Under the assumption that both the intracortical connection and the stimulus-driven thalamic activity are well localized, we are able to derive expressions for the cortical magnification fac

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27

Jones, E. G., P. R. Manger, and T. M. Woods. "Maintenance of a somatotopic cortical map in the face of diminishing thalamocortical inputs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 94, no. 20 (1997): 11003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.20.11003.

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28

Sato, Akira, Sumito Koshida, and Hiroyuki Takeda. "Single-cell analysis of somatotopic map formation in the zebrafish lateral line system." Developmental Dynamics 239, no. 7 (2010): 2058–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.22324.

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29

Schlaggar, Bradley L., and Dennis D. M. O'Leary. "Early development of the somatotopic map and barrel patterning in rat somatosensory cortex." Journal of Comparative Neurology 346, no. 1 (1994): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903460106.

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30

Romanelli, Pantaleo, Gary Heit, Bruce C. Hill, Alli Kraus, Trevor Hastie, and Helen M. Brontë-Stewart. "Microelectrode recording revealing a somatotopic body map in the subthalamic nucleus in humans with Parkinson disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 100, no. 4 (2004): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2004.100.4.0611.

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Object. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key structure for motor control through the basal ganglia. The aim of this study was to show that the STN in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) has a somatotopic organization similar to that in nonhuman primates. Methods. A functional map of the STN was obtained using electrophysiological microrecording during placement of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes in patients with PD. Magnetic resonance imaging was combined with ventriculography and intraoperative x-ray film to assess the position of the electrodes and the STN units, which were activa

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31

Chen, Li Min, Robert M. Friedman, Benjamin M. Ramsden, Robert H. LaMotte, and Anna Wang Roe. "Fine-Scale Organization of SI (Area 3b) in the Squirrel Monkey Revealed With Intrinsic Optical Imaging." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 6 (2001): 3011–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.6.3011.

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Optical imaging of intrinsic cortical activity was used to study the somatotopic map and the representation of pressure, flutter, and vibration in area 3b of the squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus) cortex under pentothal or isoflurane anesthesia. The representation of the fingerpads in primary somatosensory cortex was investigated by stimulating the glabrous skin of distal fingerpads (D1–D5) with Teflon probes (3-mm diam) attached through an armature to force feedback-controlled torque motors. Under pentothal anesthesia, intrinsic signal maps in area 3b obtained in response to stimulation (tra

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32

Fassett, Hunter, Claudia Turco, Jenin El-Sayes, and Aimee Nelson. "Alterations in Motor Cortical Representation of Muscles Following Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury in Humans." Brain Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8120225.

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(1) Background: The primary motor cortex (M1) experiences reorganization following spinal cord injury (SCI). However, there is a paucity of research comparing bilateral M1 organization in SCI and questions remain to be answered. We explored the presence of somatotopy within the M1 representation of arm muscles, and determined whether anatomical shifts in these representations occur, and investigated the symmetry in organization between the two hemispheres.; (2) Methods: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to map the representation of the biceps, flexor carpi radialis and abductor

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33

Hollmann, Vanessa, Volker Hofmann, and Jacob Engelmann. "Somatotopic map of the active electrosensory sense in the midbrain of the mormyridGnathonemus petersii." Journal of Comparative Neurology 524, no. 12 (2016): 2479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.23963.

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34

Song, Hanlim, Wonbin Jung, Eulgi Lee, et al. "Capsular stroke modeling based on somatotopic mapping of motor fibers." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 37, no. 8 (2016): 2928–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x16679421.

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Recently, several capsular stroke models have been reported with different targets of destruction. This study was performed to establish an accurate internal capsule (IC) target for capsular stroke modeling in rats. We injected adeno-associated virus serotype 5 (AAV)-CaMKII-EYFP into forelimb motor cortex and AAV-CaMKII-mCherry into hindlimb motor cortex (n = 9) to anterogradely trace the pyramidal fibers and map their somatotopic distribution in the IC. On the basis of the neural tracing results, we created photothrombotic infarct lesions in rat forelimb and hindlimb motor fiber (FMF and HMF)

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Choi, Mi-Hyun, Sung-Phil Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, and Soon-Cheol Chung. "Inter- and Intradigit Somatotopic Map of High-Frequency Vibration Stimulations in Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex." Medicine 95, no. 20 (2016): e3714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000003714.

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36

Meredith, M. Alex, H. Ruth Clemo, and Barry E. Stein. "Somatotopic component of the multisensory map in the deep laminae of the cat superior colliculus." Journal of Comparative Neurology 312, no. 3 (1991): 353–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903120304.

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Saadon-Grosman, Noam, Zohar Tal, Eyal Itshayek, Amir Amedi, and Shahar Arzy. "Discontinuity of cortical gradients reflects sensory impairment." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 52 (2015): 16024–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506214112.

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Topographic maps and their continuity constitute a fundamental principle of brain organization. In the somatosensory system, whole-body sensory impairment may be reflected either in cortical signal reduction or disorganization of the somatotopic map, such as disturbed continuity. Here we investigated the role of continuity in pathological states. We studied whole-body cortical representations in response to continuous sensory stimulation under functional MRI (fMRI) in two unique patient populations—patients with cervical sensory Brown-Séquard syndrome (injury to one side of the spinal cord) an

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Crockett, David P., Steven Maslany, Suzan L. Harris, and M. David Egger. "Enhanced cytochrome-oxidase staining of the cuneate nucleus in the rat reveals a modifiable somatotopic map." Brain Research 612, no. 1-2 (1993): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(93)91642-6.

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Moritz, Chet T., Timothy H. Lucas, Steve I. Perlmutter, and Eberhard E. Fetz. "Forelimb Movements and Muscle Responses Evoked by Microstimulation of Cervical Spinal Cord in Sedated Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 97, no. 1 (2007): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00414.2006.

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Documenting the forelimb responses evoked by stimulating sites in primate cervical spinal cord is significant for understanding spinal circuitry and for potential neuroprosthetic applications involving hand and arm. We examined the forelimb movements and electromyographic (EMG) muscle responses evoked by intraspinal microstimulation in three M. nemestrina monkeys sedated with ketamine. Trains of three stimulus pulses (10–80 μA) at 300 Hz were delivered at sites in regularly spaced tracks from C6 to T1. Hand and/or arm movements were evoked at 76% of the 745 sites stimulated. Specifically, move

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Lu, Xiaofeng, Shigehiro Miyachi, Yumi Ito, Atsushi Nambu, and Masahiko Takada. "Topographic distribution of output neurons in cerebellar nuclei and cortex to somatotopic map of primary motor cortex." European Journal of Neuroscience 25, no. 8 (2007): 2374–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05482.x.

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Gabbiani, F., and W. Metzner. "Encoding and processing of sensory information in neuronal spike trains." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 10 (1999): 1267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.10.1267.

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Recently, a statistical signal-processing technique has allowed the information carried by single spike trains of sensory neurons on time-varying stimuli to be characterized quantitatively in a variety of preparations. In weakly electric fish, its application to first-order sensory neurons encoding electric field amplitude (P-receptor afferents) showed that they convey accurate information on temporal modulations in a behaviorally relevant frequency range (&lt;80 Hz). At the next stage of the electrosensory pathway (the electrosensory lateral line lobe, ELL), the information sampled by fir

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Leergaard, Trygve B., Kjersti A. Lyngstad, John H. Thompson, et al. "Rat somatosensory cerebropontocerebellar pathways: Spatial relationships of the somatotopic map of the primary somatosensory cortex are preserved in a three-dimensional clustered pontine map." Journal of Comparative Neurology 422, no. 2 (2000): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000626)422:2<246::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-r.

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Qi, Shi-yi, Jin-wen Lin, Shi-hao Wang, et al. "Localization and characterization of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation in acute gastric mucosal injury in rats: A possible morphological explanation for visceral sensitization?" PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0324136. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0324136.

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This investigation transcends traditional methodologies by providing a quantitative analysis of the dynamic relationship between visceral pathologies and neurogenic spots, employing an acute gastric mucosal injury (AGMI) rat model to map the somatotopic distribution of visceral sensitization. Through hydrochloric acid-induced plasma extravasation and Evans Blue dye (EB) marking, coupled with a geospatial grid system and multivariate statistical analysis, we identified Feature Regions (FRs) with distinct neurogenic responses. Notably, the right T10-13 dermatomere, or FR-11’, exhibited elevated

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Wall, JT, MF Huerta, and JH Kaas. "Changes in the cortical map of the hand following postnatal median nerve injury in monkeys: modification of somatotopic aggregates." Journal of Neuroscience 12, no. 9 (1992): 3445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.12-09-03445.1992.

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Montoya, Pedro, Karin Ritter, Ellena Huse, et al. "The cortical somatotopic map and phantom phenomena in subjects with congenital limb atrophy and traumatic amputees with phantom limb pain." European Journal of Neuroscience 10, no. 3 (1998): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00122.x.

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Honey, CM, Z. Ivanishvili, CR Honey, and MK Heran. "C.06 Somatotopic organization of the human spinothalamic tract: CT-guided mapping in awake patients undergoing cordotomy." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 45, s2 (2018): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2018.101.

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Background: After correlating in vivo macrostimulation-induced pain or temperature sensation during percutaneous cervical cordotomy with simultaneous CT imaging of the electrode tip location, we present a modern description of the somatotopy of the human cervical spinothalamic tract Methods: Twenty patients with medically refractory, unilateral, nociceptive pain due to malignancy received contralateral cervical percutaneous cordotomy. In a post-hoc analysis of the data, each individual’s cervical spinal cord was measured from the CT image using PACS software. The location of the electrode tip

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Staiger, Jochen F., and Carl C. H. Petersen. "Neuronal Circuits in Barrel Cortex for Whisker Sensory Perception." Physiological Reviews 101, no. 1 (2021): 353–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00019.2019.

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The array of whiskers on the snout provides rodents with tactile sensory information relating to the size, shape and texture of objects in their immediate environment. Rodents can use their whiskers to detect stimuli, distinguish textures, locate objects and navigate. Important aspects of whisker sensation are thought to result from neuronal computations in the whisker somatosensory cortex (wS1). Each whisker is individually represented in the somatotopic map of wS1 by an anatomical unit named a ‘barrel’ (hence also called barrel cortex). This allows precise investigation of sensory processing

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Andersson, Elisabeth, Ann L. Persson, and Christer PO Carlsson. "Are Auricular Maps Reliable for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain Disorders?: A Double-Blind Evaluation." Acupuncture in Medicine 25, no. 3 (2007): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/aim.25.3.72.

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Aim To examine the proposed somatotopic relation between the regions in which patients report musculoskeletal pain and tender points located on the external ears according to a map based on commonly used auricular acupuncture maps. Methods Twenty-five patients (16 women) from a chronic pain clinic were included. Patients were asked, before examination of the external ears, if they had past or present musculoskeletal pain in any of 11 body regions. An ear map, collapsed into 11 zones representing the musculoskeletal system, was used. The ear examiner was blinded to the patients’ pain conditions

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Kao, T., J. S. Shumsky, E. B. Knudsen, M. Murray, and K. A. Moxon. "Functional role of exercise-induced cortical organization of sensorimotor cortex after spinal transection." Journal of Neurophysiology 106, no. 5 (2011): 2662–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01017.2010.

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Spinal cord transection silences neuronal activity in the deafferented cortex to cutaneous stimulation of the body and untreated animals show no improvement in functional outcome (weight-supported stepping) with time after lesion. However, adult rats spinalized since neonates that receive exercise therapy exhibit greater functional recovery and exhibit more cortical reorganization. This suggests that the change in the somatotopic organization of the cortex may be functionally relevant. To address this issue, we chronically implanted arrays of microwire electrodes into the infragranular layers

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Sanchez-Panchuelo, R. M., S. Francis, R. Bowtell, and D. Schluppeck. "Mapping Human Somatosensory Cortex in Individual Subjects With 7T Functional MRI." Journal of Neurophysiology 103, no. 5 (2010): 2544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01017.2009.

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is now routinely used to map the topographic organization of human visual cortex. Mapping the detailed topography of somatosensory cortex, however, has proven to be more difficult. Here we used the increased blood-oxygen-level-dependent contrast-to-noise ratio at ultra-high field (7 Tesla) to measure the topographic representation of the digits in human somatosensory cortex at 1 mm isotropic resolution in individual subjects. A “traveling wave” paradigm was used to locate regions of cortex responding to periodic tactile stimulation of each distal ph

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