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Zaki, Saliha. "Morphologie, somatotypie et pliométrie ches les sportifs algériens." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10199.
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La définition de la morphologie des athlètes est essentielle pour définir le meilleur "type" morphologique pour chaque discipline sportive et pour améliorer la performance. Cette étude a été réalisée afin d'évaluer le somatotype du jeune sportif algérien et dans un essai d'amélioration de la détente verticale chez les handballeurs par l'application de méthodes pliométriques. Le morphotype et le somatotype de 104 jeunes sportifs algériens ont été évalués, tandis que 37 autres sujets ont participé aux études pliométriques. Les résultats indiquent que les sportifs agériens montrent les paramètres totaux et segmentaires plus petits que leurs homologues belges, canadiens et français. L'ectomésomorphisme caractérise d'ailleurs ces derniers, alors que l'endomorphisme est le caractère primaire des algériens. Enfin, la performance des joueurs en handball de National I A en détente a été significativement améliorée suivant un programme pliométrique de deux séances par semaine, pendant sept semaines. Ces données seront de support essentiel pour l'entraînement des athlètes algériens et pour la préparation athlétique des handballeurs évoluant dans le championnat de National I A.
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Henry, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à une approche médico-sportive de l'aikido : enquête auprés de 91 aikidoka de la région aquitaine et étude anthropométrique de 56 d'entre-eux selon la méthode de Heath et carter (somatotype)." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M223.
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Gatlin, Stephen H. "William H. Sheldon's constitutional psychology : the somatotype as fiction /." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10102009-020322/.
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Gatlin, Stephen H. "William H. Sheldon and the culture of the somatotype." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37907.
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The burden of this dissertation is to show that William Sheldon’s somatotype project should be seen as an integral aspect of modernist culture. Sheldon engaged the same problems with modernity and the "Second Industrial Revolution" (urbanization, overpopulation, industrialization, alienation) that confronted modernist poets, novelists, and philosophers. In this I am elaborating Dorothy Ross’s recent metaphor, "modernist impulses in the human sciences" (1994). Both scientists and artists were responding to the social chaos and fragmentation engendered by WWI, by capitalism, and by a science and technology that was often felt to have run amok. Advocacy of eugenics for Anthony Ludovici, William Sheldon, and Aldous Huxley (polemics against "promiscuous breeding", overpopulation, medical and psychological holism, "aristocracy", nobility) was another means of defending conservative values against the onslaught of modernism.
The German romantic, holistic, tradition (the "Goethean vision") in the physical and biological sciences that has been treated recently by Ann Harrington (1996) carried reactionary assumptions and priorities that duly influenced British and American constitutionalists. Sheldon’s quest of the somatotype, his attempt to map the human physique scientifically, was, at least in his case, a means of salvaging personality, character, and soul ina way that was consonant with the aims of German holism and hence, to a Significant degree, with the aims of the nazis, who appropriated the tradition for political purposes and propagandized it in their art. Sheldon’s studies in human constitution possessed the same "value-base" (Weingart) as much of German medicine and psychology during the first four decades of this century. Sheldon’s anti-Freudian position was intended to reinculcate a place for moral character and eugenic breeding in psychology. Sheldon insisted that character was a seasoned and hard-won proposition, as opposed to a cheap jettisoning of sexual inhibitions. Sheldon opposed the sexual origin of neurosis and replaced it with a highly disciplined character-building that was consistent with a nineteenth-century masculine ethos.Ph. D.
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Necpál, Michal. "Představy o postavě v souvislosti se somatotypem herce." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263343.
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The goal of this thesis is to point out the issue of casting based on actors' physiques and thus limiting their creativity. I discourse this matter on examples of both film and theatrical actors whom I know well. I deal with the pros and cons of different types of actors, delving deeper into comedic usage of body layouts and describing acting techniques of creating a character. I dedicate the core part of this thesis to self-reflection, trying to reveal my own development through assigned roles during my drama acting studies at DAMU.
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Leppik, Aire. "Changes in anthropometry, somatotype and body composition during puberty : a longitudinal study /." Online version, 2005. http://dspace.utlib.ee/dspace/bitstream/10062/520/5/leppik.pdf.
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Farinah, Shiara Connell Lenda Jo Ulrich Pamela V. "Perceptions of the size, shape and attractiveness of female body scans relative to body mass index." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/master's/FARINAH_SHIARA_52.pdf.
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Figueiredo, Jos? dos Santos. "Caracter?sticas f?sicas, somatotipo e desempenho de corredores de 100 e 400 metros no Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13367.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-17Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate physical characteristics and to examine association between somatotype and performance in collegiate runners of 100 m and 400 m. Methods: The sample, male runners (n=39) competing at the regional level in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, had height, body mass, skinfolds, limb circumference and skeletal breadths measured. Then, the somatotype was calculated by Health-Carter method. Races (100 m and 400 m) were held to assess athletic performance. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the total sample, as well as for the 100 m and 400 m groups, and established four subgroups, named quartiles. For analysis between groups of runners (100 m x 400 m) was used Student's t test for independent samples. To examine the relationship between the race times and anthropometric variables, was used the Pearson correlation test. The somatotype dispersion distance and somatotype spatial distance were calculated among subgroups. One-way analysis of variance, the Wilcoxon test followed of Tukey post test, and correlation analysis were used with a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Somatotype with mesomorphy and ectomorphy dominance was exhibited by 100 m and 400 m athletes. Endomorphy was low in both groups, especially in 400m runners, who had more elongated body types than 100 m runners. When separately compared by athletic performance quartile, 100 m sprinters of better qualifications (G100-G1) had somatotype with dominant mesomorphy, whereas 400 m runners had somatotype with dominant ectomorphy. A significant correlation (r = -0.55, p=0.008) between calf circumference and 100 m race times was observed showing the importance of muscularity, whereas a significant correlation was found between height and 400 m race times (r = -0.53, p=0.02) showing the importance of linearity. Conclusion: Runners of 100 and 400 may show differences in physical characteristics, depending on the level of athletic performance. Anthropometric periodic evaluations may help in the training process of these athletes. However, more specific assessment parameters should be taken into account, because somatotype by itself has not power to predict whether an individual will succeed in racing speed
Objetivo: Investigar as caracter?sticas f?sicas e examinar a associa??o entre o somatotipo e o desempenho em corredores de 100 e 400m. M?todos: As caracter?sticas antropom?tricas e o desempenho atl?tico de corredores de 100 e 400m foram avaliados e comparados. A amostra foi composta de corredores do sexo masculino (n = 39) de n?vel regional no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Estatura, massa corporal, dobras cut?neas, circunfer?ncia do membro e di?metros ?sseos foram medidos. Em seguida, o somatotipo foi calculado pelo m?todo de Heath-Carter. Corridas de 100 e 400 m foram realizadas para avaliar o desempenho atl?tico. Para a an?lise entre os grupos de corredores (100m x 400m) foi utilizado o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Foram calculadas estat?sticas descritivas para a amostra total, bem como para os grupos de 100 e 400m e estabelecidos quatro subgrupos, nomeados quartis. Na compara??o dos subgrupos oriundos da distribui??o quartil foi aplicada a an?lise de vari?ncia de um crit?rio (ANOVA), seguida do p?s-teste de Tukey. Para analisar a rela??o entre os tempos de corrida e as vari?veis antropom?tricas, foi utilizado o teste de correla??o de Pearson. A compara??o entre os quartis foi feita utilizando-se a dist?ncia de dispers?o entre os somatotipos (DDS) e a dist?ncia espacial entre os somatotipos (DES) para a an?lise das dispers?es bidimensionais e tridimensionais dos somatotipos24. Como crit?rio para determina??o da exist?ncia de diferen?as entre os grupos observou-se para a DDS valores ≥ 2 e para a DES ≥ 124. Em toda a an?lise foi considerado um p valor padr?o de 0,05 e intervalo de confian?a de 95%. Resultados: Atletas de 100 e 400m apresentaram somatotipo com domin?ncia de mesomorfia e ectomorfia. A endomorfia foi baixa em ambos os grupos, especialmente em corredores de 400m que apresentaram tipo f?sico mais alongado do que os corredores de 100m. Quando comparados separadamente por quartis de desempenho, corredores de 100m de melhor qualifica??o (G100-G1) tinham somatotipo com domin?ncia de mesomorfia, enquanto os corredores de 400m de melhor qualifica??o (G400-G1) tinham somatotipo com ectomorfia dominante. Foi observada uma correla??o significativa (r = -0,55, p = 0,008) entre a circunfer?ncia de perna e os tempos na corrida de 100m o que mostra a import?ncia da muscularidade, enquanto que uma correla??o significativa (r = -0,53, p = 0,02) foi encontrada entre a estatura e os tempos na corrida de 400m mostrando a import?ncia da linearidade. Conclus?o: Corredores de 100 e 400m apresentam algumas diferen?as nas caracter?sticas f?sicas, dependendo do n?vel de desempenho atl?tico. Avalia??es antropom?tricas peri?dicas podem ajudar no processo de treinamento destes atletas. No entanto, par?metros de avalia??o mais espec?ficos devem ser levados em conta, pois o somatotipo, por si s?, n?o tem poder para predizer se um indiv?duo ter? sucesso em corridas de velocidade
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Batista, Gilm?rio Ricarte. "Compara??o antropom?trica, composi??o corporal, somatotipo e saltos verticais de atletas de voleibol de praia masculino." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13127.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-15The kinanthropometric characteristics are used by the sports science as selection criteria and detection of talents. Hence, this study aimed at comparing the anthropometrical profile, the body composition, the somatotype and the vertical jumps of the beach volleyball players. This study consists of 79 male beach volleyball players, being forty nine (n=49) Brazilian participants of the National Circuit and thirty (n=30) of 15 countries participating in the XV Pan American Games. In order to analyze the vertical jumps of the Brazilian the participants were allocated into two groups (G1 and G2) in agreement with the national ranking of their teams. The vertical jump protocol developed by Smith and collaborators was used to evaluate the vertical jumps of spike and block. The Heath-Carter anthropometrical technique (1990) was used for calculating the somatotype. The Student s t test with the Bonferroni adjustment was used to calculate the differences among the investigated variables. The multiple regression analysis was used to identify the contributions of the anthropometrical variables in the performance of the vertical jumps and the multivariance analysis was used to calculate the differences among the components of the somatotype. The Brazilian athletes of G1 were better than G2 in the spike jump (p <0.01), block jump (p <0.01) and in the block difference (p <0.01). The prediction model of the spike jump of G2 included the body mass and standing spike reach (adjusted R2 = 0.77), the body mass and the standing block reach were also included in the model of the block jump (adjusted R2 = 0.73). The regression model of G1 was not statistically significant. As for the somatotype, statistically significant differences were found between the Brazilians and the Pan Americans (Wilks' lambda = 0.498; p <0.05). The Brazilian somatotype was classified as balanced mesomorph (2.7-4.3-3.0) and the Pan American somatotype as endomorphic mesomorph (3.5-4.6-2.4). As to the specific position of the block game (2.8-4.3-2.9) and the defense game (2.6-4.4-3.0), the Brazilian somatotype was classified as balanced mesomorph and the Pan American somatotype, the block (3.7-4.4-2.4) and the defense (3.4-4.9-2.3), was classified as endomorphic mesomorph. In conclusion, the vertical jump height (spike and block) influences the male Brazilian beach volleyball players performance. The physical type of the Brazilian blockers and defenders was similar with relationship to the somatotype. The Brazilian and Pan American beach volleyball players differ in terms of kinanthropometric characteristics. This work had a multidisciplinary feature with the participation of several departments and laboratories, like the Physiotherapy Department, the Nutrition Department, the Physical Education Laboratory, thus corroborating the multidisciplinary research feature
As caracter?sticas cineantropom?tricas s?o utilizadas pela ci?ncia do esporte como crit?rios de sele??o e detec??o de talentos. Dentro deste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo comparar o perfil antropom?trico, a composi??o corporal, o somatotipo e os saltos verticais de atletas de voleibol de praia. Participaram do presente estudo 79 atletas de voleibol de praia masculino, sendo quarenta e nove (n=49) brasileiros participantes do Circuito Nacional e trinta (n=30) de 15 pa?ses participantes dos XV Jogos Pan Americanos. Para analisar os saltos verticais dos brasileiros os sujeitos foram alocados em dois grupos (G1 e G2) de acordo com o ranking nacional dos seus times. Utilizou-se o protocolo de saltos verticais de Smith e colaboradores, para avaliar os saltos verticais de ataque e bloqueio. A t?cnica antropom?trica de Heath e Carter (1990) foi utilizada para o c?lculo do somatotipo. Teste t de Student com ajuste de Bonferroni foi utilizado para calcular diferen?as entre as vari?veis investigadas. A an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla foi utilizado para identificar as contribui??es das vari?veis antropom?tricas na performance dos saltos verticais e a an?lise multivariada de vari?ncia foi utilizada para calcular diferen?as entre os componentes do somatotipo. Os atletas brasileiros de G1 foram maiores no salto de ataque (p<0,01), salto de bloqueio (p<0,01) e na diferen?a de bloqueio (p<0,01) do que G2. O modelo de predi??o do salto de ataque de G2 incluiu a massa do corpo e a envergadura de ataque (R2 ajustado= 0,77) e tamb?m no modelo do salto de bloqueio foi inclu?do a massa do corpo e a envergadura de bloqueio (R2 ajustado= 0,73). O modelo de regress?o do G1 n?o foi estatisticamente significante. Quanto ao somatotipo foram encontradas diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre brasileiros e pan americanos (Wilks lambda= 0,498; p<0,05). O somatotipo dos brasileiros foi classificado como mesomorfo balanceado (2,7-4,3-3,0) e o dos Pan Americanos como mesomorfo endom?rfico (3,5-4,6-2,4). Quanto ? posi??o espec?fica de jogo de bloqueio (2,8-4,3-2,9) e de defensa (2,6-4,4-3,0) o somatotipo dos brasileiros foi classificado como mesomorfo balanceado e o dos pan americanos de bloqueio (3,7-4,4-2,4) e defesa (3,4-4,9-2,3) foi classificado como mesomorfo endom?rfico. Em conclus?o, a altura do salto vertical (ataque e bloqueio) influencia a performance de atletas de voleibol de praia masculino brasileiros. O tipo f?sico dos bloqueadores e defensores brasileiros foi similar quanto ao somatotipo. Os atletas brasileiros e pan americanos de voleibol de praia se diferenciam quanto ?s caracter?sticas cineantropom?tricas. O trabalho teve um car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o de v?rios departamentos e laborat?rios, como o Departamento de Fisioterapia, Departamento de Nutri??o, Laborat?rio de Educa??o F?sica, atestando-se o car?ter multidisciplinar da pesquisa
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Cabral, Suzet de Ara?jo Tinoco. "Estudo da correla??o das caracter?sticas dermatogl?fica e somatot?pica com as qualidades f?sicas das atletas de voleibol da Sele??o Infanto-juvenil do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13424.
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Previous issue date: 2004-09-21The purpose of the present study is to identify the dermatoglyphic and somatotypic characteristics and the physical qualities of athletes from the under-17 State volleyball team, in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The sample was composed of athletes, n = 14, aged 15.0 ? 0.88 years, weight (Kg) 58.3 ? 5.90 and height (cm) 169.4 ? 7.97, members of the referred team. For data collection Cummins & Midlo s (1942), o dermatoglyphic method and Heath & Carter s (1967) somatotypic method were used and to evaluate physical qualities, 2400m, 50m, Shuttle Run, abdominal , Sargent test and medicine-ball toss were performed. Fingerprints show that the group presents genetic predisposition for the following physical qualities: explosive force and velocity. As to somatotype, the group was endo-ectomorphic. At physical evaluation the group presented low Vo2 max values and reasonable levels of explosive force, local muscular endurance, agility and velocity. We conclude that: according to the dermatoglyphic model observed, the group needs training strategies to improve coordination and agility; somatotype reveals the necessity for reducing fat levels and increasing muscular mass; the evaluation of physical qualities demonstrates the need for better physical preparation. This study traces the profile of the under-17 volleyball player from Rio Grande do Norte, with respect to genetic and somatotypic aspects and physical qualities, which will serve as a parameter for future state teams
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as caracter?sticas dermatogl?ficas, somatot?picas e das qualidades f?sicas das atletas de voleibol da sele??o infanto-juvenil do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A amostra foi composta de atletas, n=14 com idade 15,0?0,88, peso (Kg) 58,3?5,90 e estatura (cm) 169,4?7,97, convocadas para a referida sele??o. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se o m?todo dermatogl?fico de Cummins & Midlo (1942), o m?todo somatot?pico de Heath & Carter (1967) e para avaliar as qualidades f?sicas os testes de 2400m, 50m, Shuttle Run, abdominal, Sargent test e arremesso de medicine-ball. As impress?es digitais demonstram que o grupo apresenta uma predisposi??o gen?tica para as qualidades f?sicas: for?a explosiva e velocidade. Quanto a somatotipia o grupo caracterizou-se como endo-ectom?rfico. Na avalia??o f?sica o grupo apresentou baixos valores para Vo2m?x e valores razo?veis para for?a explosiva, RML, agilidade e velocidade. Conclu?mos que: de acordo com o modelo dermatogl?fico encontrado, o grupo necessita de estrat?gias de treinamento para melhorar as atividades coordenativas e agilidade; o somatotipo revela necessidade de diminuir o percentual de gordura e aumentar a massa muscular; a avalia??o das qualidades f?sicas demonstra necessidade de uma melhor prepara??o f?sica. A partir desse estudo ficou caracterizado o perfil da atleta infanto-juvenil de voleibol do Rio Grande do Norte, nos aspectos gen?ticos, somatot?picos e de qualidades f?sicas que servir? de par?metro para futuras sele??es
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Bertapelli, Fabio 1982. "Composição corporal e somatotipo em pessoas com síndrome de Down." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275028.
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Orientador: José Irineu GorlaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física
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Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição corporal e o somatotipo de pessoas com idade entre 6 e 19 anos de idade de ambos os sexos com síndrome de Down, institucionalizados do município de Campinas - SP. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura sobre a composição corporal de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down. Os capítulos subseqüentes foram constituídos através da análise da prevalência de obesidade, topografia da gordura subcutânea e perfil somatotipológico, por meio da realização de treze medidas antropométricas, incluindo peso, estatura, diâmetros biepicondilar do fêmur e úmero, perímetros da perna medial e braço, dobras cutâneas tricipital, bicipital, subescapular, supra-ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e perna. Para determinação do percentual de gordura foram utilizadas as equações de Slaughter, Lohman e Boileau et al. (1988). Em relação à técnica do somatotipo, recorreu-se ao método de Heath e Carter (1967). O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi realizado através do pacote computadorizado R Commander 1.6-3 (Rcmdr) no software R plus, versão 2.12.1. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade e utilizada estatística descritiva (mediana e percentis 25 e 75), teste de Mann-Whitney e teste t para amostras independentes para comparação entre grupos etários, adotando-se como nível de significância (p _ 0,05). A concordância entre os valores de gordura e o componente de endomorfia, e os valores de massa magra e o componente de mesomorfia foram analisados através do teste de correlação momentoproduto de Pearson e Spearman para dados paramétricos e não paramétricos, respectivamente. De acordo com a revisão de literatura, meninos e meninas apresentaram quadros elevados de obesidade na maioria dos estudos. Em relação ao aspecto genético, a análise do gene RE Xbal foi fundamental para a compreensão dos genótipos envolvidos com o sobrepeso. Além disso, os aspectos ambientais indicaram baixos níveis no consumo de calorias e práticas de atividades físicas em crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down comparados aos indivíduos sem a síndrome. Por fim, através da observação das variáveis fisiológicas, verificou-se a ocorrência de alterações no hormônio leptina e insulina, micronutriente zinco, colesterol, triglicérides e taxa metabólica basal. Com base nessas descobertas, foi possível concluir que os aspectos genéticos, ambientais e fisiológicos exerceram influências relativamente negativas sobre a composição corporal nos indivíduos com síndrome de Down. Em relação aos dados obtidos no presente estudo, a maioria dos indivíduos apresentou excesso de gordura, sendo encontrados valores superiores no sexo feminino em relação ao masculino, verificadas tanto na análise do percentual de gordura quanto nos valores somatotipológicos. Quanto à topografia da gordura subcutânea, a maioria apresentou maior concentração de gordura na coxa e menor depósito na região do bíceps. Diante dessas informações, considera-se que a avaliação da composição corporal e do somatotipo são recursos importantes para subsidiar pesquisadores e profissionais que atuam diretamente na melhora da qualidade de vida de crianças e adolescentes com síndrome de Down
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition and somatotype of persons of both sexes aged between 6 and 19 years old with Down syndrome, institutionalized in the city of Campinas - SP. Initially, we performed a review of the literature regarding body composition of children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Subsequent chapters were established by analyzing the prevalence of obesity and measure and profile of subcutaneous fat somatotype, by performing thirteen anthropometric measurements including weight, height, biepicondylar diameter of femur and humerus, medial perimeters of the leg and arm folds, triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdomen, thigh and leg. To measure the fat percentage, the equations of Slaughter, Boileau and Lohman et al. (1988) were used. The method of Heath and Carter (1967) was used in relation to the somatotype technique. The statistical treatment of data was performed using the computer package R Commander 1.6-3 (Rcmdr) in the software R, version 2.12.1. Data was tested for normality and used descriptive statistics (median and percentiles 25 and 75), Mann-Whitney and t test for independent samples to compare age groups, adopting the significance level (p _ 0,05). The relationship between the values of fat and endomorphic component, and the values of lean body mass and mesomorphy component were analyzed using the correlation test of Pearson product-moment and Spearman for parametric and nonparametric data, respectively. According to the literature review, boys and girls showed high incidence of obesity in most studies. Regarding the genetic aspect, the analysis of gene RE Xbal was essential to the understanding of the genotypes related to being overweight. In addition, environmental aspects indicated low levels of calorie intake and physical activity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to individuals without the syndrome. Finally, by examining physiological variables, changes occurred in the levels of leptin, insulin, micronutrient zinc, cholesterol, triglycerides and basal metabolic rate. Grounded by these findings, it is possible to conclude that genetics, physiology and the environment exerted relatively negative influences on the body composition of individuals with Down syndrome. Regarding the data obtained in this study, most individuals had excess fat, with higher values seen in both the analysis of the percentage of fat and the somatotype values in females compared to males. In the measure of subcutaneous fat, the majority presented a higher concentration of fat in the thigh and lower deposits in the area of the biceps. With this information known, it is considered that the value of body composition and somatotype are important resources to support researchers and professionals who work directly towards improving the quality of life of children and adolescents with Down syndrome
Mestrado
Atividade Fisica Adaptada
Mestre em Educação Física
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Rietsch, Katrin. "Body composition especially external skeletal robustness in association with physical activity and recreation in pre-pubertal children : a national and international investigation." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6691/.
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In children the way of life, nutrition and recreation changed in recent years and as a consequence body composition shifted as well. It is established that overweight belongs to a global problem. In addition, German children exhibit a less robust skeleton than ten years ago. These developments may elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases and skeletal modifications. Heredity and environmental factors as nutrition, socioeconomic status, physical activity and inactivity influence fat accumulation and the skeletal system. Based on these negative developments associations between type of body shape, skeletal measures and physical activity; relations between external skeletal robustness, physical activity and inactivity, BMI and body fat and also the progress of body composition especially external skeletal robustness in comparison in Russian and German children were investigated.
In a cross-sectional study 691 German boys and girls aged 6 to 10 years were examined. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires about physical activity and inactivity were answered by parents. Additionally, pedometers were worn to determinate the physical activity in children. To compare the body composition in Russian and German children data from the years 2000 and 2010 were used.
The study has shown that pyknomorphic individuals exhibit the highest external skeletal robustness and leptomorphic ones the lowest. Leptomorphic children may have a higher risk for bone diseases in adulthood. Pyknomorphic boys are more physically active by tendency. This is assessed as positive because pyknomorphic types display the highest BMI and body fat. Results showed that physical activity may reduce BMI and body fat. In contrast physical inactivity may lead to an increase of BMI and body fat and may rise with increasing age. Physical activity encourages additionally a robust skeleton. Furthermore external skeletal robustness is associated with BMI in order that BMI as a measure of overweight should be consider critically. The international 10-year comparison has shown an increase of BMI in Russian children and German boys. Currently, Russian children exhibit a higher external skeletal robustness than the Germans. However, in Russian boys skeleton is less robust than ten years ago. This trend should be observed in the future as well in other countries.
All in all, several measures should be used to describe health situation in children and adults. Furthermore, in children it is essential to support physical activity in order to reduce the risk of obesity and to maintain a robust skeleton. In this way diseases are able to prevent in adulthood.Die Lebens- und Ernährungsweise sowie die Freizeitaktivitäten von Kindern haben sich im Laufe der letzten Jahre verändert. Daraus resultieren Veränderungen der Körperzusammensetzung. Es ist hinreichend bekannt, dass Übergewicht ein globales Problem ist. Des Weiteren weisen deutsche Kinder ein weniger robustes Skelett auf als noch vor 10 Jahren. Diese Entwicklungen können zu unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislauf-Systems bzw. des Skelettsystems führen. Neben genetischen Faktoren haben Umweltfaktoren wie Ernährung, sozialer Status, die körperliche Aktivität bzw. Inaktivität einen Einfluss auf die Fettakkumulation und das Skelettsystem. Aufgrund der negativen Entwicklungen wurden daher die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Körperbautyp, Skelettmaßen und der körperlichen Aktivität; die Beziehungen zwischen der äußeren Skelettrobustizität, der körperlichen Aktivität bzw. Inaktivität, dem BMI und dem Körperfettanteil sowie die Entwicklung der Körperzusammensetzung insbesondere die äußere Skelettrobustizität von russischen Kindern im Vergleich zu deutschen Kindern überprüft. In einer Querschnittstudie wurden 691 Jungen und Mädchen im Alter von 6 bis 10 Jahren aus Berlin und Brandenburg untersucht. Es wurden anthropometrische Messungen vorgenommen, Fragebögen bezüglich der sportlichen Aktivität und Inaktivität beantwortet sowie ein Schrittzähler zur Bestimmung der körperlichen Aktivität von den Kindern getragen. Für den internationalen Vergleich der Körperzusammensetzung wurden Daten aus den Jahren 2000 und 2010 von deutschen und russischen Kindern verwendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der pyknomorphe Körperbautyp die höchste und der leptomorphe Typ die niedrigste äußere Skelettrobustizität aufweisen. Leptomorphe Kinder könnten daher das höchste Risiko für Knochenerkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter aufweisen. Tendenziell zeigen pyknomorphe Jungen eine höhere körperliche Aktivität als die anderen Typen. Dies ist positiv zu bewerten, da die pyknomorphen Typen den höchsten BMI und Körperfettanteil besitzen. Wie die Resultate ergeben, kann die körperliche Aktivität zur Reduktion bzw. Inaktivität zur Erhöhung des BMIs und des Körperfettanteils führen. Die körperliche Inaktivität steigt mit zunehmendem Alter. Die körperliche Aktivität unterstützt weiterhin den Aufbau eines robusten Skeletts. Die äußere Skelettrobustizität ist ebenfalls positiv mit dem BMI assoziiert, so dass dargelegt werden konnte, dass der BMI als Maß für Übergewicht kritisch betrachtet werden sollte. Im internationalen 10-Jahresvergleich zeigt sich eine Zunahme des BMIs bei russischen Kindern und deutschen Jungen. Zurzeit weisen die russischen Kinder immer noch ein robusteres Skelett auf als die Deutschen jedoch ist das Skelett bei russischen Jungen weniger robust als noch vor 10 Jahren. Diese negative Entwicklung sollte weiterhin beobachtet werden auch in anderen Ländern. Alles in allem, sollten immer mehrere Maße zur Beschreibung des Gesundheitszustandes herangezogen werden. Weiterhin ist einer Förderung der körperlichen Aktivität bei Kindern notwendig, um zum einen das Risiko für Übergewicht zu minimieren und zum anderen ein robustes Skelett aufzubauen, um somit Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter vorzubeugen.
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Cornu, André. "La mesure du tour de bras chez le jeune enfant : étude critique de son utilisation en épidémiologie nutritionnelle." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20312.
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La mesure du tour de bras a mi-hauteur est, pour des raisons de simplicite et de cout, utilisee comme indicateurs de l'etat nutritionnel proteino-energetique chez le jeune enfant. Elle est presentee comme une alternative a la mesure du poids lorsque l'age de l'enfant n'est pas connu. Les arguments qui sont en faveur de l'utilisation de la mesure du tour de bras ont ete verifies sur cinq echantillons d'enfants: 4 sont africains, le cinquieme est tire de la zone caraibe. L'independance de la mesure par rapport a l'age et par rapport a la race a ete verifiee. Les variations de la mesure du tour de bras ont ete etudiees dans les differentes formes de malnutrition proteinoenergetique. L'aptitude de la mesure du tour de bras a evaluer une situation nutritionnelle ou a identifier les enfants malnutris a ete appreciee par rapport a deux indicateurs de reference: le poids en fonction de l'age et le poids en fonction de la taille, tous deux ayant leur limite de normalite fixee a 2 ecarts-types de la population de reference nchs/oms. Les resultats obtenus mettent en evidence l'importance des conditions d'environnement de l'enfant meme non malnutri, sur la valeur de la mesure du perimetre brachial. Cette observation ne remet pas en cause le caractere universel des valeurs de references. Les differences dues a l'environnement n'excluent pas la possibilite d'effets raciaux. La mesure du tour de bras chez les enfants de 12 a 59 mois se revele plus apte a identifier les enfants maigres que les enfants ayant une insuffisance ponderale, mais les seuils qui sont classiquement utilises (125 et 135 mm) ne permettent pas au perimetre brachial de donner des indications representatives d'une situation donnee. La sensibilite de la mesure du tour de bras est assez mediocre et la specificite par rapport a l'indicateur poids pour taille n'est pas constante dans des groupes d'enfants etablis sur des criteres so
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Silva, Greicielle Pereira Arruda e. "Estética e imagem corporal de mulheres jovens." Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 2015. http://ri.ufmt.br/handle/1/683.
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CAPES
FAPEMAT
A estética e a aparência física influenciam o comportamento individual e coletivo e cada vez mais tem sido tema de estudo. O tamanho físico é um atributo comum de beleza, saúde, sinais sexuais e reprodutivos em mulheres. A estética e imagem corporal são importante componente de saúde física e mental e um dos objetos de trabalho das áreas que envolvem o exercício físico e a nutrição. OBJETIVO: propor uma fórmula para estimar a nota estética corporal de mulheres jovens e verificar se existe diferença no julgamento estético entre homens e, mulheres, e a associação da imagem corporal com variáveis antropométricas em mulheres jovens praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 65 mulheres 25,2 ± 4,3 anos. No artigo 1, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos, grupo praticante de exercício físico e grupo não praticante de exercício físico. Para a avaliação da imagem corporal utilizamos o Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) e a escala de silhuetas de Stunkard. Para avaliar a pratica de atividades e exercícios físico utilizamos o questionário internacional de atividade física (IPAQ). No artigo 2, foram feitas medidas antropométricas e fotografias de vista anterior, perfil e posterior vestindo um biquíni padronizado. A nota estética foi dada por um júri de 32 profissionais de educação física, sendo 19 homens e 13 mulheres, com as respectivas idades médias (27,79±5,78; e 29,85±2,97). Para associação foi utilizada a correlação linear de Pearson. A comparação entre as variáveis foi pelo teste t pareado. A estimativa da equação da nota estética foi realizada pela regressão linear múltipla com significância de p 0,05. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram semelhanças quanto ao IMC e todas as circunferências estudadas. Quanto ao BSQ, observamos que no grupo praticante de exercício 59% tinham distúrbio de imagem através do BSQ, e 75% no grupo não praticante de exercício físico. Na avaliação da autoimagem pela escala de silhueta, ambos os grupos demonstraram o desejo de diminuir compleição física. Verificamos que ambos os instrumentos apresentaram correlações importantes com as variáveis antropométricas nos dois grupos estudados. Os valores médios da nota votada pelos julgadores do sexo feminino e masculino não se diferenciaram quando comparados entre si e com a média geral, apenas as variáveis: peso de Gordura (kg), IAQ e CMC influenciaram a avaliação estética. Os valores da correlação destas variáveis com a nota estética votada foram significativas (Peso G kg r= -0,651 e p= <0,001; IAQ= -0,505 e p= <0,001; CMC= 0,336 e p= 0,006). As comparações das médias das notas estéticas votadas e das notas estéticas estimadas pela equação e que não foram diferentes entre si (p= 0,50). E foram significativamente correlacionadas (r= 0,81; p <0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Mulheres jovens independente do IMC e compleição física manifestam a preocupação e insatisfação com a imagem corporal. A prática de exercício físico favorece a uma melhor autoavaliação da imagem corporal. A associação negativa entre gordura corporal e IAQ e estética sugere que o principal componente a ser modificado para a melhora da estética é a gordura corporal, e o IAQ quando em excesso. O desenvolvimento muscular da coxa demonstrou importância na avaliação estética. Finalmente é possível estimar a avaliação estética em mulheres jovens com medidas antropométricas.
The aesthetic and physical appearance influence individual and collective behavior and increasingly has been studied. The physical size is a common attribute of beauty, health, sexual and reproductive signs in women. The aesthetic and body image is important for physical and mental health component and is one of the objects of work areas involving physical exercise and nutrition. OBJECTIVE: To propose a formula to estimate body aesthetic note of young women and to investigate the difference in aesthetic judgment for men and women, and the association between body image and anthropometric variables in young women athletes and non-exercising. METHODS: The sample consisted of 65 women 25.2 ± 4.3 years. For the assessment of body image use the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the scale of Stunkard silhouettes. Anthropometric measurements were made and photographs of previous view, profile and later wearing a patterned bikini. How the practice of physical activities and exercises used the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). The aesthetic note was given by a jury of 33 physical education teachers, 19 men and 13 women, with their average age (27.79 ± 5.78; 29.85 ± 2.97). For association was used Pearson correlation coefficients and the comparison between variables was by paired t test. The estimate of aesthetic note of the equation was the multiple linear regression with significance p = 0.05. RESULTS: Both groups showed similarities in BMI and all studied circles. As for the BSQ, we observed that in the exercise practitioner group 59% had image disturbance by BSQ, and 75% group not practicing physical exercise. In assessing the self-image by the silhouette of scale, both groups showed a desire to decrease physique. We observed that both instruments showed significant correlations with anthropometric variables in the two study groups. The average values of the note voted for men and women did not differ when compared, and the overall average. Only variables: fat weight (kg), IAQ and CMC influenced the aesthetic evaluation. The correlation values of these variables with voted aesthetic note were significant (r = -0.651 Weight Gkg p = <0.001; IAQ = -0.505, p = <0.001; CMC = 0.336 and p = 0.006). Mean comparisons of voted aesthetic notes and notes aesthetic estimated by the equation and which were not different (p = 0.50). The aesthetic rated notes and notes estimated aesthetic were significantly correlated (r = 0.81; p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: Women young independent of BMI and physique expressed concern and dissatisfaction with body image. The physical exercise promotes a better self-assessment of body image. The negative association between body fat and IAQ and aesthetic suggests that the main component to be modified to improve aesthetics is body fat, and the IAQ when excessive, and even muscle development thigh demonstrated importance in aesthetic evaluation. You can estimate the aesthetic evaluation in young women with anthropometric measurements.
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Bouchard, Isabelle. "Critique de la méthode d'évaluation somatotypique de Heath-Carter." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16885.
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Brisebois, Sophie. "Comparaison de quatre méthodes d'évaluation de l'obésité." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16884.
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VALACHOVÁ, Zuzana. "Kontrola výkonnosti družstva kadetek ve volejbalu\\." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-45511.
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Diploma thesis deals with the control of efficiency of volleyball cadet team. Thesis consists of two parts, theoretical and experimental. Theoretical part summarizes the characterization of volleyball game, the performance of player in match, the locomotive abilities and the locomotive performance tests. Experimental part consists of testing and results processing with graphical outputs. Testing object was volleyball cadet team VSK Český Krumlov. Testing methodology contained eight tests of special locomotive performance which predicate mainly speed, force and dexterity abilities. Results were compared with average values of cadets from the whole Czech Republic, statistically processed and interpreted.
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Kroulíková, Soňa. "Somatické charakteristiky krasobruslařek v České republice." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330571.
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SOMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE FIGURE SKATERS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to find out specific somatic characteristics and somatotypes of female figure skaters in the Czech Republic. Subsequently relationships between measured somatic characteristics and normative of general population, and relationships between actual data and previous studies of female figure skaters are being examined. Methods: We use somatometric measurements to determine selected somatic characteristics (weight, height, eg.). We use the Heath-Carter method of somatotyping. Results: Female figure skaters are smaller than general population of the same age. In terms of physical height, one half of figure skaters is above population average while second half is under the average of population. Female figure skaters in this study are taller and heavier than figure skaters in previous study (Šelingerová, 1988) and they are more endomorphic. Prevailing somatotype is mesomorphic endomorph. Keywords: figure skating, somatic characteristics, somatotype, Heath-Carter method
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Stibůrek, Michal. "Závislost somatotypu na kondici cvičenců bojových sportů." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348573.
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Title: Dependence of somatotype and fitness condition in martial arts. Thesis aim: Main aim of this thesis is to find out mutual dependence among tracked variables - placed in ranking list and UNIFITTEST (6-60). Methods: For theoretical part of thesis the author used method of analysis and synthesis of specialized literary sources. In practical part the main method used was regression analysis. Method according to Heath-Carter was used to assessment somatotype. Towards evaluation of kinetic performance and efficiency was used UNIFITTEST (6-60). Results: Results from research show us that during the research of mutual dependencies it hasn't proved any link between tracked variables and place in ranking list UNIFITTEST (6-60). Considering measured values judo athletes are in category endomorphic mesomorphic and karate athletes are in category well-balanced mesomorphic. Keywords: somatotype, martial arts, karate, judo, UNIFITTEST (6-60)
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Rybársky, Matej. "Srovnání změn somatotypu mezi hráči ledního hokeje, reprezentace 1976 a reprezentačním výběrem U19 v sezóně 2017-2018." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-379103.
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Title: Comparison of somatotype profiles in ice hockey players of national team 1976 and national team U19 season 2017-2018. Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to compare the level of somatotype profile changes between national team of Czechoslovakia from 1976 and Czech republic national team U19 playing in season 2017-2018. Methods: For purpose of study the observation research method was used. Research samples were made of 41 ice hockey players, specifically players of Czechoslovak national team from 1976 (n=24) and players of Czech national team U19 in season 2017-2018 (n=17). The somatotype was determined using Heath and Carter method (1990). To determine the degree of differences between the given parameters, the effect size of Cohen d was used, d ≥ 0,5 a d ≥ 0,8 depending on the hypothesis formulated. Results: Results showed, that the endomorphy of U19 players was significantly greater compared to ČSSR 1976 players (Cohen d = 0,65). The biggest difference was revealed at supraspinale skinfold (Cohen d = 1,06). On the other hand, we found significantly lower mesomporhy in U19 players (Cohen d = 1,63). The cause of this lower mesomoprhy was mainly due to significantly lower bone robusticity of the humerus (Cohen d = 0,81) and femur (Cohen d = 1,19). Keywords: somatotype, ice hockey,...
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Botek, Lukáš. "Specializace hráčů amerického fotbalu ve vztahu k jejich somatotypu." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-408580.
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This thesis Specialization of American football players in relation to their somatotype deals with the differences in somatotypes of American football players in the Czech Republic. Its main aim is to describe the somatotypes of American football players from the side of their player specialization and their participation in the 1st and 2nd league of American football in the Czech Republic. For successful achievement of the main aim are defined partial aims of the thesis, which are primarily to find out the somatotypes of players of all specializations and then to compare these somatotypes from different perspectives. The whole purpose of this description of somatotypes is mainly to identify the role of somatotype on differentiation of players in individual game positions. The sample of this work is made up of 70 probands located across all players' specializations in the 1st and 2nd league of American football in the Czech Republic. Somatic measurements of parameters necessary to determine their somatotypes were used on all subjects. The measured values were processed and statistically analyzed through calculations and spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel and through somatocharts. The results of this thesis show us somatotypes of players of all specializations, but also differences between somatotypes...
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Chmelík, Lukáš. "Deskripce somatotypu jako součást sportovního výkonu ve sportovním tanci." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341491.
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Title: Description of somatotype as part of sports performance in sports dance. Objectives: Create images of selected portions of the structure of sport performance in sport dancing. Help everyone in this sport. Establish model Czech dance couples in the world's top closer, only with a certain measurement for certain segments of the exercise. Methods: For the Purposes of this paper we will work with methods: analysis of scientific literature, the method of interviewing, observation method. Results: The aim was to show the close similarity between the partners and partner dancing couples individually and as a whole. These results I was able to prove (the differences were minimal). Based on my research, it is possible to generalize the model, which is important for dance and sport for all athletes who want to get closer world leaders. Keywords: Sports performance, sports dance, posture, BMI, WHR, height, weight, Latin American and Standard dances, somatotype.
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Kernerová, Anna. "Sebehodnocení (self-esteem) a body image v souvislosti se somatotypy." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-353695.
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This thesis focuses on the relationship between body image and somatotypes in the young Czech student population. Previous studies have shown a relationship between body image and BMI, notwithstanding, somatotypes describe body morphology in a more detailed way. Somatotypes describe the amount of body fat (endomorphy), the amount of muscle mass and the robustness of bones (mesomorphy), and the length of arms and legs relative to the rest of the body (ectomorphy). Seventy-one women and seventy men participated in our study. They completed a battery of questionnaires (The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire; The Body Figure Scale of Dosedlová et al., 2008; Rosengerg's self-esteem scale; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - T; and Beck's Depression Inventory - II). Then they underwent an anthropometric measure of somatotype components (endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy) according to Carter and Heath's anthropometric method and were assigned to a certain somatotype. In our sample, there were 5 somatotypes in men (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph and ectomorph) and 6 somatotypes in women (endomorph, endomorph- mesomoroph, mesomorph, mesomorph-ectomorph, ectomorph and the central type). The questionnaires' scores were then statistically compared between...
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Šlitr, Jakub. "Míra vztahu mezi úrovní endomorfie a neuromotorickým věkem u vybraných hráčů fotbalové kategorie U12 z nejvyšší soutěže v ČR." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-347390.
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Bibliographical identification Title of Diplom work: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Place of work: UK FTVS Author: Jakub Šlitr Field of study: Physical education and sport Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn Ph.D. Defence year: 2016 Generalization Title: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find differences in body composition parameters selected and neuromotor development at two football teams in the U12 age category. At the same time the aim of the thesis to determine possible relationships between the studied indicators of body composition and psychomotor development Methods: To detect psychomotor development we used a battery of tests BOT-2, we used the short form of the test battery BOT-second Anthropometric data were obtained using the method to determine the somatotype Health-Carter. Values were measured using anthropometric instruments: weight, caliper, measuring tape, caliper and stadiometer. Results: Among the teams of Slavia and Sparta were found factually or statistically significant differences in...
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Šlitr, Jakub. "Míra vztahu mezi úrovní endomorfie a neuromotorickým věkem u vybraných hráčů fotbalové kategorie U12 z nejvyšší soutěže v ČR." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348602.
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Bibliographical identification Title of Diplom work: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Place of work: UK FTVS Author: Jakub Šlitr Field of study: Physical education and sport Head of work: Mgr. Jakub Kokštejn Ph.D. Defence year: 2015 Generalization Title: Degree of the relationship between the level endomorfie and neuromotor age for selected soccer players U12 category of the highest competition in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to find differences in body composition parameters selected and neuromotor development at two football teams in the U12 age category. At the same time the aim of the thesis to determine possible relationships between the studied indicators of body composition and psychomotor development Methods: To detect psychomotor development we used a battery of tests BOT-2, we used the short form of the test battery BOT-second Anthropometric data were obtained using the method to determine the somatotype Health-Carter. Values were measured using anthropometric instruments: weight, caliper, measuring tape, caliper and stadiometer. Results: Among the teams of Slavia and Sparta were found factually or statistically significant differences in...
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Šmerda, Oldřich. "Míra rozdílnosti somatických a funkčních parametrů mezi hráči fotbalu dvou týmů z opačných pólů tabulky ligy mladších žáků." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351836.
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Title: Differences in somatic and functional parameters between soccer players from two teams placed on the oposite side of youth league table. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the degree of the diferences in the somatic and functional parameters between two teams of difference soccer performance, from the same competition. Methods: The main research method was observation. Research sample contained a total of n = 40 footbalers AC Sparta Prague and SK Motorlet Prague. For determining the somatotype we used the methodology from Heath - Carter 1967. Proporcional age was determine via KEI Index (Riegerová, et al., 2006). Biological maturation was determined by the equation Mirwald et al., (2002). Physical fitness aspects were assessed by (4x10m, sit downs, Leger test, broad jump) of UNIFIT 6-60. Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT - 2) was used to assess participants neuromotoric. Fot data analysis were used: two-sample T - test, the analysis of variance. Statistical significance p < 0,05 and effect size d > 0,06, Hays & ω 2 > 0,06 were defined. Degree of relationships between variables were determined via correlations. Results: ACS players had significantly higher level (p = 0,039; ω 2 = 0,0818) of mesomorphy (bone - muscle development) in comparation with SKM....
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Samek, Václav. "Faktorová analýza somatotypu." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-289841.
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Název: Faktorová analýza somatotypu Title: Factor analysis ofsomatotype Cíle práce: Potvrdit Sheldonovu teorii pro určerú tělesného typu na základě odhadu validit indikátorů metodiky dle H-C. Metoda: Základrú statistická data byla zpracována programem Microsoft Excel. Pro stanovení struktury somatotypu, resp. pro testování jednotlivých hypotéz o struktuře somatotypu byl použit program LISREL. Kovariančrú matice a příslušné asymptotické kovariance byly vypočteny pomocí programu PRELIS, Výsledky: Nebyl nalezen model, který by podporoval Sheldonovu teorii o stanoverú somatotypu. Z deseti stanovených indikátorů somatotypu bylo možno identifikovat pouze 2-faktorovou strukturu. Klíčová slova: Somatotyp, strukturální modelování, metodika H - C
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Pavelka, Radim. "Somatotyp v karate." Master's thesis, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-266450.
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Title: somatotype in karate Aim: Determination of somatotype in top karate disciplines kata and kumite. Method: To determine the somatotype sheldonovské we use the modified method according to Heath and Carter. Results: draw a differentiation between competitors in kata and in kumite competitors. Keywords: somatotype, kumite, kata
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Zeťková, Marie. "Růstové a proporční změny u dětí na ZŠ." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-383124.
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This diploma thesis describes an anthropological survey of pupils in the 8th and 9th grades of certain primary schools in the Zlin Region (Czech Republic), pertaining to which the data thus obtained were subsequently processed and evaluated. The aim of the work was to analyse proportional changes and the biological maturity exhibited by the members of the probands through KEI, based on empirical data, in addition to determining the given somatotype according to the method of Heath & Carter (1967). ANTROPO 2000.2 software was utilized for processing the data. The findings of said research are compared with the data reported by the National Anthropological Survey (Czech Republic, 2001).
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MÜHLSTEIN, Marek. "Vliv kondičního cvičení na změnu somatotypu\\." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-50152.
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The aim of this thesis was to monitor the influence of conditional training in fitness centre on the change of somatotype. The research period took six months and the research file consisted of six trainees. There were entrance and exit anthropometric measurings done with each of the trainees. The theoretical part deals with the history of body building, its effect on human body, problem of nutririon, and other interesting things in this field. The research part evaluates the somatic changes of each participant. The results were processed into charts and graphs and they are commented in the chapter discussion at the final part of my thesis.
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Jordán, Daniel. "Komparace somatotypů v dlouhém a krátkém triatlonu." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-447258.
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Title: Somatotype Comparison in Short Distance and Long Distance Triathlon Objectives: The goal is to determine the somatotype of triathletes competing in half ironman distance triathlons with triathletes competing in short distance triathlons. Methods: The Heath and Carter method was used for measuring the anthropometric parameters. The gained data were used in specific equations to calculate each of the three somatotype compoments. The anthropometric measurements involved participants of the Czechman Tour races. Results: By gaining appropriate anthropometric data, the average somatotype of triathletes competing in half distance events (2,1 - 4,4 - 2,9) falls into the category of ectomorphic mesomorph, whereas the somatotype of competitors in short distance events (2,1 - 4,4 - 2,9) falls into the category of mesomorphic ectomorphs. Keywords: somatotype, triathlon, body type, the Heath and Carter method
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Mňuk, Josef. "Výživa a tělesné složení v motokrosu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340989.
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Title: Nutritional aspects and body composition in motocross Objectives: The goal of this work is monitoring nutritional habits and parameters for the assessment of body composition and somatotype for Czech junior national team in motocross and enduro. Methotds: There was used four day record of consumed food to map out nutritional habits, which was evaluted by software Nutirs. The input data of body composition were obtained by Bioimpendance InBody 230. Following were also measured selected anthropometric parameters. Results: The results of our study indicate quantitative variations in motocross riders nutrition, especially the negative energy balance and the low proportion of carbohydrates in the diet in pre-season and in the day of the race. These can be some way influenced by individual variability. The research somatotype and body composition suggests that in relation to physical abilities are motocross riders and riders Enduro the most versatile talent for sport. Keywords: Motocross, nutrition, supplements, body composition, somatotype, bioelectrical impedance
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Třebický, Vít. "Faktory ovlivňující hodnocení atraktivity mužské postavy." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306440.
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According to previous research physical attractiveness plays an important role in our everyday life. People are treated differently on the basis of their physical appearance and from an evolutionary point of view physical attractiveness is a key factor in mate selection, being a cue of an individual's mate value and genetic qualities. Research shows that the highest attractiveness ratings tend to be given to physiques with a higher level of development of lean muscle mass and a V shaped upper body. Such a physique body constitution could indicates how a high level of physical fitness and a man's health of man and be a cue of the man's qualities as a mating partner. However, results of the previous studies are inconclusive due to the methods and stimuli employed. To address the shortcomings exhibited by the previous studies investigations, we ran two online studies. In the first study, women rated the attractiveness of a new and more extensive set of black and gray silhouettes derived from photos of the somatotypes. In the second study, we tested whether physical attractiveness of men can be increased by a voluntary change of their upper body shape. In both studies we were testing how interindividual differences of the female raters modulate the ratings of attractiveness. Results of the first study...
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Papež, Pavel. "Míra vztahu mezi úrovní mezomorfie a neuromotorickým věkem u vybraných hráčů fotbalu kategorie U12 z nejvyšší fotbalové soutěže v ČR." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348581.
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Title: The significance of relation-ship between mesomorphy component and neuromotor development at football players population U12 selected from the highest czech league. Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to determine the link between the level of mesomorphy (one of the components of somatotype) and neuromotor age at the first league football players U12 from FK Dukla Praha and Bohemians 1905. Methods: The main research method was the method of observation. The research sample contained a total of 41 footballers. For determining the somatotype we used the methodology from Heath - Carter 1967. The degree of neuromotor development was assessed by Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT - 2). The estimation of the biological age was calculated from the proportional, growth and weight age and for the calculation of the decimal age we used the equation from Šelingerová (1992). In order to analyse the data we used the basic descriptive statistics, the two-sample T - test, the analysis of variance, the correlation and the linear regression. Results: The results revealed that there is no significant relationship r2 = 0,04 % between the level of mesomorphy (rated by Heath - Carter) and the performance in neuromotoric. Further, subsequent analysis of the separate muscle component in...
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Gerčáková, Daniela. "Komparace vybraných antropometrických parametrů závodníků kvadriatonu a rychlostní kanoistiky." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339627.
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Title: Comparison of selected anthropometric parameters of competitive quadrathletes and racing kayakers. Objectives: The aim of this work is to assess the somatotype and anthropometric characteristics in elite athletes in marathon kayakers and quadrathletes. Methods: This research included the analysis and comparison of two groups of athletes. Using the Heath-Carter system of measurement, somatotypes were calculated using the computer formula, 'Somatotype - Calculation and Analysis'. Body composition was determined through the use of skinfold calipers SK in conjunction with noninvasive bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Specifically, the Tanita 980 MS and BIA 2000 measurement units. Results: Two research samples were developed (speed kayakers as one, quadrathletes as the other), whose results (set average) were compared. On the basis of anthropometric data and calculations, it was found that both research samples corresponded in their somatotype category, ectomorphic mesomorph. According to this research, the speed kayakers (with a focus on marathon distances), are generally taller and heavier than the quadrathlete sample, yet had relatively less body fat. Keywords: Somatotype, body composition, BIA, skinfold, quadrathlon, flatwater kayaking
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Knesplová, Monika. "Souvislost osobnostních charakteristik a charakteristik tělesné konstituce." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-267874.
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This thesis deals theoretically and practically with the relationship between the physical, especially constitutional, characteristics and temperament. Constitutional approaches, especially theories of Ernst Kretschmer and Wiliam Sheldon, belong to the oldest approaches in psychology that link these two aspects and perceive them as two sides of the same coin. Holistic approach linking psychological and physical aspects of personality can be found also in non-European medical systems. One of the oldest medical teaching in the world is Ayurveda. It integrates physique and temperament and uses them for therapeutical purposes. The subject of the theoretical part was to present these theories, guidelines and other areas, that strived for interconnection of the physical and psychological aspects of human individual. In the practical part the goal was to empirically assess the substantiation of somatic types used in Kretschmer's theory and Ayurveda. The next goal was to focus on the relationship of selected physical aspects and temperament. For these purposes we used a questionnaire 4 Elements Inventory which applies the metaphor of elements, that appears also in Ayurveda. Further we created Questionnaire of Physical Characteristics that consists of three parts: the first part inquires about the...
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Hrušková, Lucie. "Vztah mezi tělesnou zdatností a úrovní pohybové aktivity u dětí staršího školního věku." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-415665.
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Title: The relationship between physical fitness and level of physical activity in older school age childres. Objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of physical activity on physical fitness and somatotype. To determine the level of physical fitness of older school-age children at Davle school using the diagnostic system Unifittest (6-60). Further determine physical activity using a pedometer and a questionnaire during a one week evaluation. To find out the relationship between movement mode and somatoype which was determined by the method Heath - Carter. Methods:. The main scientific theoretical - empirical method is the method of testing and observation. The research involved 57 children aged 12 to 14 years in the second grade of Davle school. Testing was performed during physical education classes. To determine physical fitness, the subjects underwent four parts of the Unifittest (6-60) and anthropometric tests to determine the somatotype according to the Heath-Carter method. Using a pedometer and then filling out a questionnaire, the testers wrote down their physical activity during one week and the physical activity performed at medium - high intensity. The object of the research employed basic descriptive statistics, correlation analyzes and the Shapiro-Wilk test to analyze...
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Vytlačil, Aleš. "Hodnocení vztahů úrovně neuromotoriky, tělesného somatotypu, tělesné zdatnosti a herních dovedností u hráčů ve fotbalu v kategorii U12." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-351834.
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Title: Assessment of the relationship between level of neuromotor, body somatotype, physical fitness level and game skills at football players in U12 category. Objectives: The aim is to determinate the relationships between levels of neuromotoric, body somatotype, overal physical fitness level and the individual playing skills at football players in the U12 age category. Methods: The main research method of our work was the observation method. The research were included soccer player (n = 40; 11,5 ± 0,3 let). Neuromotor age, we investigated using Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT - 2). Physical fitness was assessed using a test battery UNIFITTEST 6-60. To determine the somatotype we used the methodology of Heath - Carter 1967. For data analysis we used basic descriptive statistics, correlation, linear and multiple regression. Results: A significant correlation (r = -0.60; p <0.001) was found between the level of fundamental motor skills (level of neuromotoric) and the specific game skills (slalom with the ball). Significant correlations were also found between the level of fundamental motor skills (level of neuromotoric) and physical fitness (r = 0.64; p <0.001) and between levels of physical fitness and the specific game skills (slalom with the ball; r = 0.55; p <0.01). These...
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Lin, Zin-Rong, and 林晉榮. "Somatotype Characteristics of elite Chinese Male Athletes in Four Different Sports." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71271651813234397143.
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碩士國立體育學院
體育研究所
77
The purposes of this study were: (1)to investigate the somatotype of athletes in four different sports and their distribution on a somatochart, (2)to investigate the somtotype of athletes in each of the four sports and their distrbution on a somatotcart, (3)to compare the distribution of somatotype of athletes in different bodyweight categories in each of the four different sports. Athletes in each sport were divided into three predetermined A, B, C categories in terms of their different bodyweight. The subjects used in this study were 108 male athletes who have previously participated in national championship tournaments. They are 45 weight lifters, 25 judo players, 23 wrestlers and 15 taekwondo players, The averageage of these athletes was 20.99±3.26 years old; the average height was 169.75±7.03 cm; the average weight was 70.55±16.74 kg. The Heath-Carter Somatotype Method was used in this study, and Lange Calipers were used to measure the skinfolds of triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and calf body sites; Martin''s anthropometric equipment was used to measure the height and the width of the humerus, and femur, while the circumferences of the biceps, and calf were measured; a Detecto scale was used to measure body weight. Based on the obtained data, the following results are warrant: 1.For all subjects, The means for each component of the somatotype were 3.5-6.7-1.8. It was foud that 91% of the subjects are either endomorphic mesomorph, balanced mesomorph, ectomorphic mesomorph. However, the somatotype component values varied substantially among different sports. 2.The results indicated that there were no obvious somatotype differences among the athletes of four different sports. 3.Athletes in each of the four sports, the distributions of somatotype existed a statistical difference in the component of endomorph in the athletes of judo and wrestling, because high endomorph value in the athletes of judo. 4.For all four sports, the locations of somatotype spots shifted from meso-ectomorph to endo-mesomorph as body weight with categories increased.
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Slavíček, Tobiáš. "Vztah mezi vybranými off-ice testy, somatotypem a výkonem v on-ice testech Illinois Agility u hráčů ledního hokeje juniorské kategorie v nejvyšší domácí soutěži." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412241.
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Title: Relation between selected off-ice tests, somatotype and performance in on-ice Illinois Agility tests in junior ice hockey players from Czech elite category. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to verify whether the somatotype and off-ice tests are significant predictors for performance in on-ice agility tests in junior ice hockey players from Czech elite category. Methods: The research sample consisted of 32 junior hockey players (17 defenders and 15 forwards) ̅ = 17.64 ± 1.02 from Czech elite category. The Heath and Carter (1990) method for measuring of somatotype was used. The off-ice tests included Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump, Free Arm Countermovement Jump, Broad Jump, Five-Jump test, Sit and Reach, Pull-ups and off-ice Illinois Agility with (small size) ball. Further, on-ice Illinois Agility with puck and Illinois Agility without puck were used as dependent variables. The differences in performance between defenders and forwards were analysed by Aspin-Welch's two-sample T-test with Effect size (ES) Hedges's g. The degree of significance of the predictors for dependent variables in on- ice agility tests was assessed by multiple regression analysis with significance of model at the level of p<0.05 and ES described as adjusted R2 . Results: Comparison of the results achieved by...
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Chvátal, David. "Významnost vztahů mezi vybranými off ice testy a výkonem v ilinoa agility on ice testu v nejvyšší domácí soutěži vybraných hráčů dorostové kategorie." Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-437706.
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Title: Relation between selected off-ice tests and performance in on-ice Illinois Agility test of ice hockey players between 14-17 years old in Czech elite category. Objectives: The main goal of this thesis was to determine whether the somatotype and selected off-ice tests are significant predictors for performance in the on-ice agility test in ice hockey players in the youth elite category. Methods: The research group consisted 28 ice hockey players (8 forwards and 18 defenders) x̅ = 14,88 ± 0,57. Players played highest youth league during the measurement period. The method of Heath and Carter (1990) was used to determine the somatotype. Squat Jump, Countermovement Jump, Free Arm Countermovement Jump, Sit and Reach, pull-ups and off- ice Illinois Agility with a ball were used as off-ice tests. The Aspin-Welch two-samle T-test with Effect size (ES) Hedges' g was used to evaluate the degree of difference in performance between forwards and defenders. Pearson's correlation coefficient with ES coefficient of determination R2 was applied to determine the tightness of relationships between selected variables. Evaluation of the significance of predictors for performance in on- ice agility tests was performed through multiple regression analysis. The significance of the model was assessed according to the...
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Lu, Chiao-Wen, and 盧喬文. "Analysis of Anthropometric Characteristics, BodyComposition and Somatotype in Athletes of Different Sports." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03899810679949113593.
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碩士臺北巿立體育學院
體育與健康學系碩士班
98
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of athletes in several categories of sports. Method: Male subjects (n=103) included in the study were as follows: 11 cyclists, 15 middle-long distance runners, 20 sprinters, 20 swimmers, 20 volleyball players and 17 nonathletes as controls. Anthropometric measurements included in this study were height, body weight, limb segment length, bone breadth, skinfold thickness and girth. Body composition was evaluated by skinfold measurements. Somatotypes of the subjects were determined on the basis of the Heath-Carter method. Results: Significant differences (p < .05) in height, body weight, limb length, bone breadth, skinfold thickness, girth and body composition were found among the sports analyzed. Overall somatotype values determined for the athletes in different sports were 2.4-4.6-2.9 for the sprinters, 2.4-4.1-3.2 for the middle-long distance runners, 3.5-5.3-2.3 for the cyclists, 2.7-4.9-2.6 for the swimmers, 3.0-4.3-2.9 for the volleyball players and 4.7-5.0-2.1 for the nonathletes. Conclusion: (1) The body height and weight of the middle-long distance runners are less than the sprinters. The volleyball players have the greatest values in height and arm length than that measured in the other sports. (2) Non-athletes have the greatest sum of girth, while the middle-long distance runners have the smallest. (3) Non-athletes have the greatest sum of skinfold measurements and percent body fat than that of the athletes in all the sports studied. In addition, among the different sports, the cyclists have the highest sum of skinfold measurements and percent body fat, whereas the middle-long distance runners have the lowest. (4) In somatotype analysis, the sprinters and the middle-long distance runners can be classified as ectomorphic mesomorph, whereas the cyclists, swimmers, volleyball players and nonathletes are classified as endomorphic mesomorph.
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Szajda, Adam A. "Differences in physical education teacher expectations for somatotype and gender of middle school students." 2002. http://www.oregonpdf.org.
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Luxíková, Jana. "Porovnání individuálního herního výkonu hráček volejbalu v závislosti na jejich somatotypu." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412224.
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NAME Comparison of individual game performance of volleyball players depending on their somatotype. AUTHOR Bc. Jana Luxíková ABSTRACT This diploma thesis entitled Comparison of individual game performace of volleyball players depending on their somatotype in the theoretical part aims to acquaint readers with important concepts. The practical part is devoted to testing somatotypes, comparison of game performaces of individual players during in the season. KEY WORDS voleyball, player, somatotype, gaming performance
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YUAN, WANG PEI, and 王佩媛. "The Study of Nutrition Knowledge, Dietary Behavior and Somatotype of Chef Owns Certificate of Culinary." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63333238631712874850.
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碩士台南科技大學
生活應用科學研究所
97
The purpose of this study is to understand the relative factors among nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and somatotype of certificated chef. The study adopted the quantitative research and acquired the information by submitting the questionnaires for replies. In this case, 393 questionnaires are valid(75.43% response rate). The data are analyzed by Percentile, Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-Square Independent test, t–test, one way ANOVA, Canonical correlation. Here are the results: The analysis of the somatotype of Chinese certificated chef: As far as “Whether the distribution of BMI is normal” is concerned, the majority are the overweight; meanwhile, “The obese in the middle of the body” becomes to the majority. The relevant analysis between the various background and somatotype for certificated chef: there is a positive correlation between sex, the marital status, age, average work-hour per day, working area and “distribution of BMI level”; “whether BMI is normal or not”; “with the obese middle body”. The differential analysis of the background variables regarding nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and somatotype: As for the nutrition knowledge, the remarkable distinction is to the sex, the education level, the working area. As for the dietary behavior, the remarkable distinction is to the sex, the marital status, the age, the average work-hour per day, the employment organization, the working area.As for the somatotype, the remarkable distinction is to the sex, the age, the average work-hour per day, the employment organization, the working area. The relevant analysis among the nutrition knowledge, the dietary behavior and somatotype for the certificated Chinese chef: There is a typical correlation between nutrition knowledge and somatotype: In the first group for the typical weight of the typical variable, it is discovered for the certificated chef that the worse the classification of the nutrients in the nutrition knowledge is, the higher the somatotype such as the waistline, weight and BMI will become. However, in the second group for the typical weight of typical variables, it is discovered that the worse the characteristic of the food and nutrient is, the higher BMI is. The typical correlation between the dietary behavior and the somatotype: Regarding to the dietary behavior of the certificated chef, if his dietary controlling behavior is worse, his frequency of eating high caloric food is lower, the method of eating low caloric food is worse, his waistline, weight and BMI are higher. The typical correlation between the Nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior: Regarding to the nutrition knowledge of the certificated chef, if the function of the nutrient, the basic health, the classification of the nutrient are higher, , the method of eating the low caloric food in the situation of ingesting for regular three meals is better.
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Yu, Yen-Yen, and 尤嫣嫣. "The Study of Somatotype and Body Image Related Factors Among the Students in Chung Yuan Christian University." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31396598781649398980.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
衛生教育研究所
90
The purpose of this study was to investigate the somatotype and body image related factors among university students. The subjects were 2016 freshmen in CYCU. Data were collected through a self-report survey instrument consisting of The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Self-Esteem Scale, POTS, Sex Role Inventory, Locus of Control Scale and Media Exposure Scale, and anthropometric measures to assess somatotype. The data were analyzed by frequency distribution, CHAID, MDS, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Canonical correlation. The results indicated that: (1) One third of the male is over-weight, while one fourth of the female is under-weight. (2) Medium was mostly the size of upper parts of both female and male, while large was usually for lower parts. The size of lower parts became the significant factor. (3) Hair, face, and upper parts were what satisfy subjects, while waist, lower parts, muscle tone, weight, and height were the parts subjects may felt dissatisfied with. (4) Females felt less satisfied with appearance evaluation and body area satisfaction than males, and males had lower scores of appearance orientation than females. (5) There was a significant positive relationship between body image and self-esteem. (6) One third of the subject was androgynous. Most of males were androgynous, and most of females are feminine. Androgyny felt satisfied with appearance evaluation and body area satisfaction. Feminine had higher scores of appearance orientation than the others. (7) Gender, BMI, self-esteem, and teasing were significant factors related to body image. The findings of this study suggest that it’s important to develop the standards of somatotype fit Chinese people. Media education needs to be reinforced for the sake of establishing a healthy environment. The assertion training programs should be conducted on campus in order to emphasize esteem-building among the students.
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Kun, chyi Tsai, and 蔡坤圻. "A study on weight control behavior and related factors among different Somatotype of adults in Taiwan Area." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37884692070763310334.
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碩士臺中健康暨管理學院
健康管理研究所
93
Maintaining the ideal weight is not only a foundation of health management but also a suggestion of National Diets Index (DOH, 2005). Among ten leading causes of the death in Taiwan in Year 2004 (Health and National Health Insurance Annual Statistics Information Service, 2005), most of diseases, such as malignancy, cerebrovascular diseases, heart disease, diabetes, chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis and hypertensive diseases, are regarded as the results of fast social changes, lifestyle changes, improper diets, lack of exercises, and gaining weights. In addition, overweight and underweight problem are correlated with death rates of human beings. This study adopted the “2001 National Health Interview Survey” as the resource of databank. We observe the distribution of the adults’ somatotypes in Taiwan area by social and demographic variables (i.e., gender, age, occupation, marital status, education level, personal monthly income, etc.). We also study various weight-controlling choices among different somatotypes of the adults. Moreover, this study tried to analyze the influencing factors of the somatotypes of the adults from four health related perspectives (i.e., perceived mental health, perceived physical health, social activity participation, and life style behavior). The “2001 National Health Interview Survey” employed registered households in January 16th, 2001 as sampling population. A three-stage stratification scheme was applied on totally 359 districts (i.e., Hsiang) in Taiwan. Interviews were completed in 18,144 individuals with age 12 and above, for a response rate of 94.1%. This study chose totally 15,411 individuals with age 20 and above as eligible samples. This study proceeded the binany and multi-variate analysis. The major outcomes and suggestion are as follows. 1. Among the somatotypes of adults in Taiwan area, the overweight rate is accounting for 22.8%, the obesity rate is accounting for 12.7%, and the prevalence rate for overweight and above is accounting for 35.53%. This study found that people whose age between 50 to 59, with elementary education or literacy, married or accompanied partner, religious believer, aboriginal group, engaging in management position in private-owned business or in public organizations, and with income NT$60,000 and NT$80,000, were our target population for promoting weight-controlling activities. 2. There are more than half adults in Taiwan area didn’t control their weight, and for those who did, they usually chose “reduction of calorie ingestion”, “more exercises”, and “reduction of fat ingestion methods”, however, people who chose the“participation of weight-control class” method is only accounting for 0.29%. On the other hand, for those adults who chose the methods of “substitute diet pack or weight-lose teabag” and “weight-lose pills” are accounting for 3.55% and 2.94% respectively. This study suggests that people should look for the weight-control evaluation and counsellings from professionals to change unhealthy diet and related life style without trading their health off. 3. After controlling social and demographic factors, those adults who have chronic disease, who have poor psychological health, who have poor physical health, and who have no regular exercise, have higher rates of overweight or obesity. In addition, those adults with drinking habit have higher rates of overweight or obesity, compared to those who have no drinking habit. Nevertheless, our research finds that people who have balanced diet have relatively higher rates of overweight or obesity. If we define “health” from the ecological viewpoint, this study emphasizes the importance of healthy life style and encourage people paying more attentions on ways of weight control and health promotion to fulfill the idea of “health privilege as a human right, health promotion as a human obligation” propagated by Department of Health.
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Vašák, Marek. "Vztah mezi tělesným somatotypem a psychomotorickým věkem u hráčů fotbalové kategorie U12 v ČR." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348650.
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Name: The relationship between physical somatotype and psychomotor age applied on the football players of U12 category in the Czech Republic Objectives: The aim of this work is to determine the relationship between the component of a body somatotype "ectomorph" and the level of psychomotor development of football players at the age of 12. Methods: To obtain the data the testing method was used. For data processing the method of statistical analysis was applied, the most important element of the analysis was the analysis of correlation. For the partial results the method of comparison was chosen. Results: The most important finding in this study was a positive but weak dependence (r = 0.15) between ectomorphic component level and psychomotor development. There were no factually or statistically significant differences among the teams in sub-monitored parameters such as the average body weight and height, BMI, age, ectomorph and the level of psychomotor development. Only on the level of psychomotor age a moderate effect from the perspective of substantive significance (Cohen's d = 0.582) was found. Keywords: football, youth, comparison, motor skills, ectomorph
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Marta, Carlos Jorge Soares de Aquino Cavaleiro. "Determinants of physical fitness in prepubescent children and its training effects." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2328.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the effect of somatotype, body fat and physical activity on overall physical fitness, explosive strength and aerobic capacity trainability in prepubescent children. Additionally, it was intended to identify the magnitude of the differences between boys and girls in physical fitness, and the effects of concurrent training on explosive strength and VO2max adaptations. For the accomplishment of these purposes the following sequence was used: (i) reviewing available literature; (ii) analyzing the interaction between somatotype, body fat, physical activity and physical fitness in prepubescent children; (iii) identifying physical fitness differences between boys and girls; (iv) analyzing the interaction between somatotype, body fat and training-induced explosive strength and VO2max gains; (v) and comparing the effects of 8-weeks training period of strength training alone, or combined strength and aerobic training on explosive strength and VO2max adaptations. Results suggest that: (i) somatotype is the most important variable determining overall physical fitness, and training-induced explosive strength and VO2max gains, in boys and girls; (ii) boys present higher values in muscular strength and endurance, velocity and aerobic capacity, and girls perform better on tests of balance and flexibility. Gender differences in the physical fitness are greater in the explosive strength and smaller in the muscular endurance and flexibility, followed by velocity and balance; (iii) performing strength and aerobic training in the same workout does not impair strength development, and allows similar neuromuscular adaptations in prepubescent boys and girls.Este estudo pretendeu analisar o efeito do somatótipo, gordura corporal e atividade física na aptidão física geral, no treino de força explosiva e na capacidade aeróbia, em crianças prépubertárias. Adicionalmente pretendeu-se identificar a magnitude das diferenças na aptidão física entre rapazes e raparigas, e os efeitos do treino concorrente na força explosiva e VO2max. Para se alcançar estes objetivos foram adotados os seguintes passos: (i) revisão da literatura; (ii) análise da interação do somatótipo, gordura corporal, atividade física e aptidão física em crianças pré-púberes; (iii) identificação das diferenças na aptidão física entre rapazes e raparigas; (iv) análise da interação do somatótipo, gordura corporal e ganhos de força explosiva e VO2max induzidos pelo treino; (v) e comparação do efeito de um período de treino de oito semanas exclusivamente de força, e treino combinado de força e endurance na força explosiva e VO2max. Os resultados sugerem que: (i) o somatótipo é a variável que mais influencia a aptidão física geral, e os ganhos de força explosiva e VO2max induzidos pelo treino, quer em rapazes, quer em raparigas; (ii) os rapazes apresentam melhor performance na força e resistência muscular, velocidade e capacidade aeróbica, e as raparigas têm melhor desempenho em testes de equilíbrio e flexibilidade. Diferenças de género na aptidão física são maiores na força explosiva e menores na resistência muscular e flexibilidade, seguidas da velocidade e equilíbrio; (iii) realizar treino combinado de força e endurance na mesma sessão de trabalho não prejudica o desenvolvimento da força, e permite adaptações neuromusculares semelhantes em rapazes e raparigas pré-púberes.
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Zetisky, Jonathan V. "Physiological and anthropometrical comparisons between the triathlete and the runner, cyclist and swimmer." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1433.
Full textAbstract:
Zetisky Jonathan V 9213052F
zeds@telkomsa.net
Master of Science in Medicine
Faculty of Health Sciences
M.Sc (med)
Prof Rogers, GDevelopment in triathlon at the elite level can be improved by knowing the physical, physiological and anthropometrical characteristics of current elite triathletes and single sport athletes, and isolating those factors that contribute to high levels of performance. Much research on this topic has been done with regard to the single sport disciplines of running, swimming and cycling. However, less is known about triathletes. The primary purpose of this study was therefore to see whether and how triathletes differ from the single sport athletes in the disciplines of swimming, cycling and running, and by so doing, to develop a profile of an elite South African triathlete. Thirty-four subjects (triathletes: n = 12; runners: n = 8; swimmers: n = 6 and cyclists: n = 8) were measured for the physical characteristics of age, mass, height, body fat and lean body mass. Anthropometric measurements (skinfolds, bone breadths and girths) were also taken along with the physiological components of VO2 maximum (maximal oxygen consumption) and running economy. Muscle strength and endurance were also measured. The results showed that triathletes do not differ significantly from the single sport athletes (swimmers, cyclists and runners) in any of the components measured. In fact, they are generally most similar to cyclists in all of the categories measured and in each of these, lie between runners and swimmers. Runners and swimmers however, were significantly different (P<0.05) from each other in terms of mass (kg), lean body mass (kg) and maximal oxygen consumption (ml O2/kg.min-1). 3 No significant differences were noted between the triathletes, swimmers, cyclists and runners in endomorphy, mesomorphy and ectomorphy somatotype ratings. Swimmers (2 – 3,9 – 2,7) and cyclists (2 – 4 – 2,8) as well as the triathletes (2 – 3,8 – 2,8) fall into the ectomorphic-mesomorph somatotype while runners (1,8 – 3 – 3,5) on the other hand, were classified as mesomorphic-ectomorph. The study therefore suggests that no single physical, physiological or anthropometrical factor determines successful performance. Rather, it is a blend of physical and physiological traits observed in the single sport athletes that makes a successful triathlete.