Academic literature on the topic 'Sommerfeld Number'

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Journal articles on the topic "Sommerfeld Number"

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Jeung, Sung-Hwa, Junho Suh, and Hyun Sik Yoon. "Performance of Tilting Pad Journal Bearings with the Same Sommerfeld Number." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103529.

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This paper presents the change of non-dimensional characteristics and thermal behavior of different sized tilting pad journal bearings (TPJBs) with the same Sommerfeld number. A three-dimensional (3D) TPJB numerical model is provided considering the thermo-elastic hydro-dynamic (TEHD) lubrication model with pad thermal-elastic deformation. The pivot stiffness is assumed to be the combination of linear and cubic stiffness based on the Hertzian contact theory. The TPJBs in a configuration of load between pad (LBP) with the same Sommerfeld number having seven different sizes are simulated, and th
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Malcolm Brown, B., Matthias Langer, Marco Marletta, Christiane Tretter, and Markus Wagenhofer. "Eigenvalue enclosures and exclosures for non-self-adjoint problems in hydrodynamics." LMS Journal of Computation and Mathematics 13 (March 24, 2010): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s1461157008000466.

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AbstractIn this paper we present computer-assisted proofs of a number of results in theoretical fluid dynamics and in quantum mechanics. An algorithm based on interval arithmetic yields provably correct eigenvalue enclosures and exclosures for non-self-adjoint boundary eigenvalue problems, the eigenvalues of which are highly sensitive to perturbations. We apply the algorithm to: the Orr–Sommerfeld equation with Poiseuille profile to prove the existence of an eigenvalue in the classically unstable region for Reynolds numberR=5772.221818; the Orr–Sommerfeld equation with Couette profile to prove
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Ray, R. N., A. Samad, and T. K. Chaudhury. "Low Reynolds number stability of MHD plane Poiseuille flow of an Oldroyd fluid." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 23, no. 9 (2000): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171200002040.

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The linear stability of plane Poiseuille flow at low Reynolds number of a conducting Oldroyd fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field has been investigated numerically. Spectral tau method with expansions in Chebyshev polynomials is used to solve the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. It is found that viscoelastic parameters have destabilizing effect and magnetic field has a stabilizing effect in the field of flow. But no instabilities are found.
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Bendjoudi, Ahmida, and Noureddine Mebarki. "The quantum polyhedra and the volume spectrum." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 09 (2017): 1750125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817501250.

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Chennabasavan, T. S., and R. Raman. "The Effects of Geometric Irregularities of Journals on the Performance of Porous Bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 208, no. 2 (1994): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1994_208_361_02.

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In the theoretical analysis of porous bearings the journal has so far been assumed to be ideal, that is perfectly cylindrical. In the present analysis the geometric irregularities of the journal, such as circumferential undulations and barrel/bellmouth shapes, are taken into account. The permeability variation along the length of the bearing as found in commercial bearings has also been taken into account. The present analysis reveals that, at the critical Sommerfeld number, the friction is very low compared to the very high value for an ideal journal. The present analysis also reveals that th
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Chang, B. H., P. H. Chen, and D. S. Lee. "Experimental Stability Study on Herringbone-Microgrooved Journal Bearing in an Impeller-Spindle." Journal of Mechanics 28, no. 1 (2012): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.13.

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ABSTRACTThe reliability of the impeller-spindle with respect to the effects of abnormal vibrations and noises is relative to the whirl rotation in notebook (NB) computers, all-in-one (AIO) desktop systems, and tablet PCs. This study experimentally investigates the stability of a herringbone-microgrooved journal bearing in an impeller-spindle under static radial forces.The experimental device operated at 2700, 3600, 4200, and 4900rpm, with a static load ranging from 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6N. The experiment obtained the stiffness and damping coefficients, and the study involved analyzing the stability
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Capone, Giuseppe, Michele Russo, and Riccardo Russo. "Inertia and Turbulence Effects on Dynamic Characteristics and Stability of Rotor-Bearings Systems." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 1 (1991): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920604.

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The influence of turbulence and inertia of oil film on the dynamic characteristics and stability of rotor-bearings systems is theoretically analyzed for various Reynolds number values. The rotor is assumed to be rigid, symmetrical, balanced, and supported in two identical aligned journal bearings. The fluid film forces are evaluated under the short bearing assumption. Stiffness, damping, and acceleration coefficients, and the stability limit curves are reported versus modified Sommerfeld number for various Reynolds numbers and for radius-clearance ratio R/C = 500.
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Trinh, Ngoc Anh, and Dong Vuong Lap Tran. "Calculation of the Orr-Sommerfeld stability equation for the plane Poiseuille flow." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 2, no. 5 (2019): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v2i5.787.

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The stability of plane Poiseuille flow depends on eigenvalues and solutions which are generated by solving Orr-Sommerfeld equation with input parameters including real wavenumber and Reynolds number . In the reseach of this paper, the Orr-Sommerfeld equation for the plane Poiseuille flow was solved numerically by improving the Chebyshev collocation method so that the solution of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation could be approximated even and odd polynomial by relying on results of proposition 3.1 that is proved in detail in section 2. The results obtained by this method were more economical than th
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Wang, Chin-Cheng, and Chieh-Lin He. "Numerical study of a hydrodynamic journal bearing with herringbone grooves for oil leakage reduction." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 233, no. 3 (2018): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650118785660.

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Hydrodynamic journal bearings and herringbone-grooved journal bearings were numerically analyzed using finite volume-based computational fluid dynamics software. Navier–Stokes equations were solved to describe pressure and velocity distributions in three dimensions. Values of the Sommerfeld number were calculated as a benchmark case for a hydrodynamic journal bearing. The predicted values of the Sommerfeld number are comparable to theoretical results from engineering tribology literature. For a hydrodynamic journal bearing, it is found that there is a positive correlation between the maximum p
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Cornelio, Chiara, and Marie Violay. "Parametric analysis of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication efficiency on induced seismicity." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 1 (2020): 517–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa180.

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SUMMARY During reservoir stimulations, the injection of fluids with variable viscosities can trigger seismicity. Several fault lubrication mechanisms have been invoked to explain the dynamic stress drop occurring during those seismic events. Here, we perform a parametric analysis of the elastohydrodynamic fault lubrication mechanism to assess its efficiency during fluid-induced earthquakes. The efficiency of the mechanism is measured with the dimensionless Sommerfeld number S. Accordingly, we analysed eight well-documented cases of induced seismicity associated with the injection of fluids who
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sommerfeld Number"

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Balupari, Raja Shekar. "VALIDATION OF FINITE ELEMENT PROGRAM FOR JOURNAL BEARINGS -- STATIC AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES." UKnowledge, 2004. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/325.

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The analysis of bearing systems involves the prediction of their static and dynamic characteristics. The capability to compute the dynamic characteristics for hydrodynamic bearings has been added to Bearing Design System (BRGDS), a finite element program developed by Dr. R.W. Stephenson, and the results obtained were validated. In this software, a standard finite element implementation of the Reynolds equation is used to model the land region of the bearing with pressure degrees of freedom. The assumptions of incompressible flow, constant viscosity, and no fluid inertia terms are made. The pre
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Ramírez, Roa Leonardo Andrés. "Contribution to the Assessment of the Potential of Low Viscosity Engine Oils to Reduce ICE Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/73068.

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[EN] The automotive industry is currently experiencing one of its most rapidly changing periods in recent decades, driven by a growing interest in reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by fossil fuels consumption and the resulting carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated during the operation of the internal combustion engine (ICE) which have proven to contribute significantly to Global Warming. Given the fact that a total replacement of the current fleet, dependent of fossil fuels, is unlikely to happen in the immediate future and the urgency to reducing CO2 emissions from transpo
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Book chapters on the topic "Sommerfeld Number"

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Castro, Luis P. "Solution of a Sommerfeld Diffraction Problem with a Real Wave Number." In Integral Methods in Science and Engineering. Birkhäuser Boston, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-8184-5_5.

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Vinh, Dang Phuoc, Steven Chatterton, and Paolo Pennacchi. "Static and dynamic behaviors of a cylindrical hydrodynamic journal bearing operating at very low Sommerfeld numbers." In Advances in Mechanism and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_380.

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Baggott, Jim. "Schrödinger’s Derivation of the Wave Equation." In The Quantum Cookbook. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827856.003.0006.

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Bohr’s theory of the atom was in trouble as soon as it was formulated. Further detailed spectroscopy studies encouraged a proliferation of quantum numbers and ‘selection rules’ in what became known as the Bohr–Sommerfeld model. It couldn’t last, and by 1925 the theory was in crisis. The immediate concern was with the quantum numbers themselves. Where did they come from? Could de Broglie’s hypothesis shed any light? In October 1925 the attentions of Erwin Schrödinger were drawn to a footnote in one of Einstein’s recent papers. Intrigued, Schrödinger acquired a copy of de Broglie’s PhD thesis. Although he eventually published a more obscure derivation, Schrödinger essentially applied the de Broglie relation to the classical equation of wave motion. He applied the result to the hydrogen atom, and showed that the quantum numbers emerge ‘in the same natural way as the integers specifying the number of nodes in a vibrating string’.
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Baggott, Jim. "Heisenberg’s Derivation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle." In The Quantum Cookbook. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827856.003.0009.

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Despite the success of Schrödinger’s description of the H-atom, it became apparent that the spectrum of the simplest multi-electron atom—helium—could not be so readily explained. And the spectra of other atoms showed ‘anomalous’ splitting in a magnetic field. In 1920 Sommerfeld introduced a fourth quantum number. A few years later Pauli was led to the inspired conclusion that the electron must have a curious ‘two-valuedness’ characterized by a quantum number of ½, and went on to discover the exclusion principle. Perhaps this is because the electron possesses a self-rotation, leading to the notion of electron spin, potentially explaining why each orbital can accommodate only two electrons. Heisenberg traced this behaviour back to the symmetry properties of the wavefunctions. By observing which transitions in the spectrum of helium are allowed and which are forbidden, we can deduce the generalized Pauli principle, from which the exclusion principle follows.
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Duncan, Anthony, and Michel Janssen. "Successes." In Constructing Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845478.003.0006.

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The set of principles formulated in 1915-1918, and now collectively called the old quantum theory, were successfully applied to a number of problems in atomic and X-ray spectroscopy. The three most notable successes are all associated with the Munich school headed by Arnold Sommerfeld. First, there was the derivation of a relativistic fine-structure formula which predicted splittings of stationary state energies for orbits of varying eccentricity at a given principal quantum number. These splittings were empirically verified by Paschen for ionized helium, and constituted the first quantitative confirmation of the special relativistic mechanics introduced by Einstein a decade earlier. The relativistic fine-structure formula was also applied successfully to the splitting of lines in the X-ray spectra of atoms of widely varying atomic number. Finally, the principles of the old quantum theory (in particular, the use of Schwarzschild quantization in combination with Hamilton-Jacobi methods of classical mechanics) were successfully applied to explain the first order splitting spectral lines in the presence of an external electric field (Stark effect).
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"Sommerfeld's Footnote." In A Bouquet of Numbers and Other Scientific Offerings. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814759786_0010.

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Glusker, Jenny Pickworth, and Kenneth N. Trueblood. "The phase problem and electron-density maps." In Crystal Structure Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199576340.003.0015.

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In order to obtain an image of the material that has scattered X rays and given a diffraction pattern, which is the aim of these studies, one must perform a three-dimensional Fourier summation. The theorem of Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier, a French mathematician and physicist, states that a continuous, periodic function can be represented by the summation of cosine and sine terms (Fourier, 1822). Such a set of terms, described as a Fourier series, can be used in diffraction analysis because the electron density in a crystal is a periodic distribution of scattering matter formed by the regular packing of approximately identical unit cells. The Fourier series that is used provides an equation that describes the electron density in the crystal under study. Each atom contains electrons; the higher its atomic number the greater the number of electrons in its nucleus, and therefore the higher its peak in an electrondensity map.We showed in Chapter 5 how a structure factor amplitude, |F (hkl)|, the measurable quantity in the X-ray diffraction pattern, can be determined if the arrangement of atoms in the crystal structure is known (Sommerfeld, 1921). Now we will show how we can calculate the electron density in a crystal structure if data on the structure factors, including their relative phase angles, are available. The Fourier series is described as a “synthesis” when it involves structure amplitudes and relative phases and builds up a picture of the electron density in the crystal. By contrast, a “Fourier analysis” leads to the components that make up this series. The term “relative” is used here because the phase of a Bragg reflection is described relative to that of an imaginary wave diffracted in the same direction at a chosen origin of the unit cell.
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Scerri, Eric. "Quantum Mechanics and the Periodic Table." In The Periodic Table. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190914363.003.0014.

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In chapter 7, the influence of the old quantum theory on the periodic system was considered. Although the development of this theory provided a way of reexpressing the periodic table in terms of the number of outer-shell electrons, it did not yield anything essentially new to the understanding of chemistry. Indeed, in several cases, chemists such as Irving Langmuir, J.D. Main Smith, and Charles Bury were able to go further than physicists in assigning electronic configurations, as described in chapter 8, because they were more familiar with the chemical properties of individual elements. Moreover, despite the rhetoric in favor of quantum mechanics that was propagated by Niels Bohr and others, the discovery that hafnium was a transition metal and not a rare earth was not made deductively from the quantum theory. It was essentially a chemical fact that was accommodated in terms of the quantum mechanical understanding of the periodic table. The old quantum theory was quantitatively impotent in the context of the periodic table since it was not possible to even set up the necessary equations to begin to obtain solutions for the atoms with more than one electron. An explanation could be given for the periodic table in terms of numbers of electrons in the outer shells of atoms, but generally only after the fact. But when it came to trying to predict quantitative aspects of atoms, such as the ground-state energy of the helium atom, the old quantum theory was quite hopeless. As one physicist stated, “We should not be surprised . . . even the astronomers have not yet satisfactorily solved the three-body problem in spite of efforts over the centuries.” A succession of the best minds in physics, including Hendrik Kramers, Werner Heisenberg, and Arnold Sommerfeld, made strenuous attempts to calculate the spectrum of helium but to no avail. It was only following the introduction of the Pauli exclusion principle and the development of the new quantum mechanics that Heisenberg succeeded where everyone else had failed.
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Duncan, Anthony, and Michel Janssen. "Guiding Principles." In Constructing Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845478.003.0005.

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The development of the complex of assumptions and methods now referred to as the “old quantum theory” mainly took place in the first five years following the introduction of the Bohr atomic model in 1913. Three guiding principles emerged that were used, sometimes in overlapping ways, to explain the flood of spectroscopic data that needed to be explained. First, quantization rules (or conditions) were proposed to single out the allowed orbital motions of electrons in atoms. These rules were derived in various forms by Planck, Sommerfeld, and Wilson, but were put into their most general form by Schwarzschild, who recognized the underlying principle as the quantization of the action variables of a multiply periodic classical system. Second, the special role of the action variables in quantization was given convincing support by the transfer of the adiabatic principle of mechanics to quantum theory (work primarily due to Paul Ehrenfest). Third, the correspondence principle, or statement of asymptotic coincidence of quantum and classical theory in the limit of large quantum numbers, originally introduced by Bohr in 1913 as a supporting argument for his quantization of angular momentum in his theory of the hydrogen atom, was extended by Bohr and Kramers to provide selection rules and approximate intensity predictions evening the regime low quantum numbers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Sommerfeld Number"

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Xing, Jing T. "The Natural Vibration of Fluid-Structure Interaction Systems Subject to the Sommerfeld Radiation Condition." In ASME 2006 Pressure Vessels and Piping/ICPVT-11 Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2006-icpvt-11-93915.

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A fluid-structure interaction system subject to a Sommerfeld condition is defined as a Sommerfeld system in this paper. It is well known that the natural vibration of a dynamic system is defined by the eigenvalue problem of the corresponding idealized system with no material damping assumed and external forces. From the defined eigenvalue problem, the real natural frequencies and the corresponding natural modes of the system can be derived. What are the characteristics of natural vibrations of a Sommerfeld system? This paper intends to address this problem by investigating three selected fluid
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Kakoty, S. K., M. Kalita, and T. Thivagar. "Nonlinear Time Transient Stability Analysis of Multilobe Bearings." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63325.

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In some specialized applications, plain circular bearing is mostly replaced by some other bearings, as plain bearing does not suit the stability requirements of high-speed machines and precision machine tools. Grooved circular bearings and multi-lobe bearings with two lobes, three lobes and four lobes are commonly used. The present work gives insight into nonlinear transient analysis of multi lobe journal bearing systems. An attempt has been made to evaluate the critical mass parameter (a measure of stability) for various values of aspect ratios besides finding out the steady state characteris
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Liu, Juan, Fang Sun, Chuan-fei Hu, Guo-ting Zhang, and Yun Liu. "Improved first Rayleigh Sommerfeld method for investigating microlens array with long focal depth and small f-number." In Photonics Asia 2007, edited by Yongtian Wang, Theo T. Tschudi, Jannick P. Rolland, and Kimio Tatsuno. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.753669.

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Doostmohammadi, Amin, and Seyyedeh Negin Mortazavi. "Instability of Viscoelastic Fluids in Blasius Flow." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24315.

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In this paper, we study the hydrodynamic stability of a viscoelastic Walters B liquid in the Blasius flow. A linearized stability analysis is used and orthogonal polynomials which are related to de Moivre’s formula are implemented to solve Orr–Sommerfeld eigenvalue equation. An analytical approach is used in order to find the conditions of instability for Blasius flow and Critical Reynolds number is found for various combinations of the elasticity number. Based on the results, the destabilizing effect of elasticity on Blasius flow is determined and interpreted.
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Hombo, Ryokichi, Kenichi Murata, Yuichiro Waki, Nobuhiro Nagata, Makoto Iwasaki, and Kazuyuki Matsumoto. "Assessment of Rotor Stability for Steam Turbine Considering Labyrinth Seal Characteristics of Fluid Destabilization Force and Vibrational Frequency Effect of Bearing Coefficients." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-01893.

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Abstract Accurate evaluation of the rotor stability is important for increasing the performance of the Steam Turbines. This paper discusses the important factors (such as destabilization force, bearing coefficient) for the evaluation of rotor stability. The destabilization force which varies with the type of seal suggests that seal shape plays an important role. In the past, several researchers have studied the fluid destabilization force both numerically and experimentally and prediction of the same can be done fairly accurately by applying CFD techniques. The characteristics of the fluid des
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Hu, Xiaoxia, and Ali Dolatabadi. "Linear Stability of a Thin Liquid Film Flowing Along an Inclined Surface." In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting collocated with 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30279.

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The formation of the waves on a thin liquid water film was analytically investigated by studying its shear mode stability. The inclined angle of the substrate is limited to 8°. The purpose of analytical solution is to determine the maximum growth rate of the generated wave as well as its corresponding wave number, which is realized by solving the Orr-Sommerfeld equations for both gas and liquid phases with the corresponding boundary conditions. The results of wave formations on a surface with a thin liquid film of de-icing are validated by previous experimental data as well as compared with Yi
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Bueno, Atila Madureira, Angelo Marcelo Tusset, João Paulo Martins dos Santos, Masayoshi Tsuchida, and José Manuel Balthazar. "SDRE Control Applied to an Electromechanical Pendulum Excited by a Non-Ideal Motor." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12676.

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The dynamical behavior of an electromechanical pendulum system is analyzed by means of the classical perturbation theory. A frequency response model of the system is obtained, and the number of unstable poles are determined with the Routh-Hurwitz criterion. Numerical simulations show that the system presents nonlinear behavior such as hysteresis, with hard and soft characteristics, and the Sommerfeld effect in the resonance region. In order to keep the oscillations of the electromechanical system in a pre-defined amplitude range a control strategy is designed. The SDRE control strategy is used
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Horattas, Georgios A., Maurice L. Adams, Mohammed F. Abdel Magied, and Kenneth A. Loparo. "Experimental Investigation of Dynamic Nonlinearities in Rotating Machinery." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4061.

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Abstract This paper presents laboratory experiments that confirm and further explore earlier computer simulations related to oil-whip and rub-impact. Both phenomena were explored using Spectrum Analysis, and Chaos tracking techniques (e.g. Poincare’ maps). The results show that oil-whip induces quasi-periodic rotor vibrations, while rub-impact generates complex dynamical behavior, such as chaotic vibrational motion. The nonlinear oil-whip hysteresis loop results presented confirm phenomena uncovered in previous computer simulations. A Sommerfeld number-consistent “instability threshold load” w
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Santos, Ilmar F., and Bo F. Christensen. "Characterization of Oil Film Control Forces Under Active Lubrication Regime." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63689.

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Journal bearings under active lubrication regime are controlled by servo valves and well-tuned feedback control laws. The servo valves dynamically modify the journal pressure distribution generating active oil film forces. Such forces are dependent on the following parameters: Sommerfeld number, bearing pre-load factor, orifice diameter, excitation frequency, feedback control gain and dynamic parameters of the servo valves, i.e. their natural frequencies, damping factors and pressure-flow coefficients. The theoretical and experimental characterization of such active forces is the main focus an
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Zhang, Ce, Wei Ma, Wensheng Yu, and Jinfang Teng. "Effect of Heat Transfer on Pipe Flow Stability." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64451.

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The compressibility of flow field has an important effect on flow stability. However, when the compressibility is considered, the effect of Mach number is often considered while the effect of heat transfer is always neglected in the existing flow stability studies. Linear stability analysis tools based on compressible Orr-Sommerfeld (O-S) equations and linearized Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinate system are established in this paper. These equations are numerically solved by using Chebyshev spectral collocation method and pseudo-modes are eliminated. Linear stability analysis o
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