Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sondages'
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FAISSE, SANDRINE. "Sondages de quasars en ultraviolet lointain." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077052.
Full textGacem, Iyadh. "Sondages : la post-stratification et ses limites." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21008.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to establish approximations for the bias and the variance for post-stratified estimators, which are precise enough so as to study limiting behaviours. Estimators considered are for a total under simple random sampling. The first chapter gives approximations for poststratification on a single variable (or on cross-categories of several variables). These are validated on real data as well as on artificial situations. Thus, it is possible to measure the effects of an increasing thin partition of the population (i. E. Of the number of calibration categories). In fact bias and variance deteriorates rather slowly. Chapter 2 considers poststratification as it is mostly used, i. E. Calibration on the marginals of several variables. Approximations are validated as previously. The equivalence of a large class of calibration distances is also shown. Generally speaking, the bias (squared) remains smaller than the variance and the latter, at some point, increases strongly when the number of calibration categories increases. From the variety of simulations completed, a conservative rule to be derived is to keep that number below n/30. Finally, the last two chapters are devoted to situations where the reference margins are not perfectly known, containing either random or deterministic errors
Jaaidane, Touria. "Mecanismes incitatifs et sondages : applications a l'economie publique." Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0044.
Full textGuermatha, El Miloud. "Etude, conception et réalisation de la maquette d'un système expert d'aide au sondage." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX32044.
Full textIn matter of sounding, there exists a certain type of standardizet soundings like panels or "omnibus" inquiries. But, still in so many cases , soundings are made to measure according to the requirements of each one. As there still exists a small nombre of expers (case of morocco) capable of holding on inquires by sounding, from begining to end. There fore a distinction between applicants of inquiries and experts will still subsist in order to establish the dialogue between the one and the others, there must be a common language and if the expert has to assimilate the applicant problems, the latter should acquire some technical knowledge. It is to this matter that the expert of sounding assistance system is trying to reply. This system (seas) that can be defined as being. A date process application which can help to realize an intellectual task badly structured and that usually requires some still in a specialized domain. Seas permits us to answer to the requirements of especially yo what we had to think about and what we must know on the operant system of an organization with the help of sounding inquires. The fonctionning of (seas) concerns essentially
Eid, Yehia Said Ali. "Evaluation de l'efficacité des moyens de recueil des données auprès des ménages et des entreprises : une étude comparative." Paris 9, 1989. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1989PA090020.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to analyze the relative advantages of means of collecting primary data from consumers and directors, in order to determine the most convenient cases to the use of each mean. Literature related to previous contributions to the subject matter has been reviewed. We have also conducted two field studies in order to test the effects of some scientific techniques on mail survey performance. Results have showed that mail survey techniques lead to a substantial increase in response rate. Their efficiency in terms of response rate, quality, speed and cost is superior of those of personal interviews and telephone surveys
Augier, Christian. "Pragmatique du sens dans le sondage d'opinion : Pour une approche systémique de la relation dans la méthode." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10005.
Full textCadieux, Jean. "Une approche méthodologique pour l'élaboration d'un sondage appliquée à la post-stratification : le cas de l'étude sur le transport en commun à Rock Forest." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textTarits, Pascal. "Contribution des sondages electromagnetiques profonds a l'etude du manteau superieur terrestre." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077250.
Full textChoi, In-Sook. "Institutionnalisation des sondages d'opinion au Japon et en Corée du Sud." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0019.
Full textThe subject of "The institutionnalization of opinion surveys in Japan and South Korea" examines the context of the emergencee of opinion polls due to the process of democratization in Japan and South Korea. The study is focused on changes in social, political, cultural and economic environment originally characterized by confucian beliefs. These changes have been accompanied by considerable transformation in people's way of thinking and expressing themselves. To this end, we have analyzed factors to show how Japanese and Korean people have obtained freedom of speech and action; andd the society has gone through a process of modernization and post modernization. The result of these changes favours emergencee of public opinion and development of public opinion surveys. Mass media, political parties and politicians were interested more and more in public opinion reports that polling institutes conducted. Since then, major institutes of public opinion research have been gradually founded. However, opinion polls raise polemics as in developed countries such as controversies about adequate regulations. In this sense the institutionalization of opinion surveys is justified, and polls become relevant part of political and social life in Japan and South Corea
Dolveck-Guilpart, Bénédicte. "Deux problèmes de représentation et d'identification d'un milieu à partir de sondages." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20222.
Full textPapaioannou, Dimitri. "L'Histoire sociale des sondages d'opinion en Grèce : leurs usages politiques et journalistiques." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20025.
Full textBeginning in the mid-1970's, opinion polls were used systematically in Greece. Though it was one of many techniques politicians had at their disposal to measure public opinion at that time, it is now considered the only legitimate form of expression of what is called “public opinion “. Our research has two objectives: first, to determine what conditions allowed the use of polls to become pervasive throughout political and journalistic fields. Secondly, are there any practical effects on the functioning on the fields by the pervasive use of polls? If so, what are these effects and how do they affect the functioning of these fields?
Shehzad, Muhammad Ahmed. "Pénalisation et réduction de la dimension des variables auxiliaires en théorie des sondages." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812880.
Full textGasmi, Mohamed. "Perturbations des sondages magnétotelluriques (SMT) dues aux bruits géologiques hétérogénéités superficielles-géologie régionale /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376138324.
Full textLarnier, Hugo. "Intégration des données d'observatoires magnétiques dans l'interprétation de sondages magnétotelluriques : acqusition, traitement, interprétation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH003/document.
Full textIn this manuscript, we detail the application of continuous wavelet transform to processing schemes for the detection and the characterisation of geomagnetic and atmospheric sources. Presented techniques are based on time-frequency properties of electromagnetic (EM) waves observed in magnetotellurics (MT) time series. We detail the application of these detection procedures in a MT processing scheme. To recover MT response functions, we use robust statistics and a hierarchical bootstrap approach for uncertainties determination. Interpretation of two datasets are also presented. The first MT study deals with the caracterisation of the resistivity distribution below the French National magnetic observatory of Chambon-la-Forêt. The second study details the interpretation of new MT soundings acquired in March 2016 in the Trisuli valley, Nepal. The main objective of this campaign was to compare the new soundings with an old campaign in 1996. We discuss topography effects on MT soundings and their implication on the resistivity distribution. We also introduce a new interpretation of the resistivity distribution in Trisuli valley
Rebecq, Antoine. "Méthodes de sondage pour les données massives." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100014/document.
Full textThis thesis presents three different parts with ties to survey sampling theory. In the first part, we present two original results that led to practical applications in surveys conducted at Insee (French official statistics Institute). The first chapter deals with allocations in stratified sampling. We present a theorem that proves the existence of an optimal compromise between the dispersion of the sampling weights and the allocation yielding optimal precision for a specific variable of interest. Survey data are commonly used to compute estimates for variables that were not included in the survey design. Expected precision is poor, but a low dispersion of the weights limits risks of very high variance for one or several estimates. The second chapter deals with reweighting factors in calibration estimates. We study an algorithm that computes the minimal bounds so that the calibration estimators exist, and propose an efficient way of resolution. We also study the statistical properties of estimates using these minimal bounds. The second part studies asymptotic properties of sampling estimates. Obtaining asymptotic guarantees is often hard in practice. We present an original method that establishes weak convergence for the Horvitz-Thompson empirical process indexed by a class of functions for a lot of sampling algorithms used in practice. In the third and last part, we focus on sampling methods for populations that can be described as networks. They have many applications when the graphs are so big that storing and computing algorithms on them are very costly. Two applications are presented, one using Twitter data, and the other using simulated data to establish guidelines to design efficient sampling designs for graphs
Chamballu, Antoine. "Sondages d'amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich : Corrélations et combinaison avec les observations X." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201701.
Full textpoint de vue cosmologique.
Singaravelu, Balasubramanian. "Modélisation de lentilles gravitationnelles et design de télescopes non-obstrués pour les sondages grands champs." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3046/.
Full textStrong gravitational lenses are an important probe to study the cosmology of the extragalactic universes but gravitational lens modelling is an ill-posed problem. Usually in gravitational lens modelling the lens is described using a parametric model but the background source is not. We improve the existing parametric approach by modelling both the lens and the source using a parametric model. We use a non-singular isothermal ellipsoid model to describe the lens and a Sérsic light profile to describe the source. Our method yields rigorous results on simulated gravitational arcs. We also applied our method to a set of high S/N gravitational arcs in the SL2S and SLACS database. We present the lens and source parameters we obtained for these lenses. Using these parameters we study the distribution of dark matter in galaxy scale halos and the morphology of high redshift sources. We find the fraction of dark matter within the Einstein radius to be 0. 2±0. 08 and the lens mass present in the core is in the order of 5±2%. Telescopes with unobstructed pupil are known to deliver clean point spread function (PSF) to their focal plane, in contrast to traditional telescopes with obstructed pupil. Recent progress in the manufacturing aspheric surfaces and mounting accuracy favors unobstructed telescopes over obstructed telescopes for science cases that demand stable and clean PSF over the entire field-of-view. We compare the image quality of an unobstructed Three-Mirror-Anastigmat (TMA) design with that of an obstructed TMA. Both the designs have the same primary mirror, effective focal length, field-of-view and detector characteristics. We demonstrate using simulated images of faint elliptical galaxies imaged through the two designs, that both the designs can measure weak lensing observables with same precision, if the PSF is reconstructed within 12 arc-minutes from the source. We also demonstrate that, the unobstructed design delivers desirable precision even if the PSF is reconstructed 50 arc-minutes away from the source
Caveng, Rémy. "Un salariat libéral : les vacataires des instituts de sondages : sociologie d'un marché du travail dérégulé." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0073.
Full textMany of the employees of institutes of surveys are under fixed term contracts but contract instability doesn't means employment instability. On the contrary, logics tending to the stabilization. Implicit and asymmetrical contracts are set up between the temporary contractors and their managers. For temporary employees, the best way to strengthen their position is to acquire various competences in order to increase their employability. Although stressful and demanding, because it implies a permanent investment the status of the temporary employee makes it possible to control one's commitments and to set up priorities between the different times of everyday life. Nevertheless, depending on the assets and the social paths of the agents, we can distinguish different degrees of adjustments, and social uses of this status that are more or less successful because the very low involvement into the pollster's work and the management of such a career imply specific qualities
Vouillamoz, Jean-Michel. "La caractérisation des aquifères par une méthode non invasive : les sondages par résonance magnétique protonique." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112062.
Full textProvide sufficient quantity of water is an important task, not yet satisfied for a grand number of individuals. Complex tools are often required both for prospecting of new resources and for rational use of exploited aquifers. Geophysics is one of these tools, Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) method has an particular value as it uses a signal provided directly by water molecules. This thesis aims to determine hydrogeological information, which can be obtained by MRS. The sounding results are first compared with direct data from wells and test pumping and then the validity of MRS results for estimation of reservoir parameters is verified by different geophysical methods. Three geological settings were used for this study: continuous porous medium, basement aquifers and calcareous rocks. It is shown that MRS method is valid for one dimension measurement of reservoir geometry and for estimating of stockage capacity and transmisivity of aquifers. These estimations are quantitative if soundings are calibrated on the reference values usually defined by test pumping. The characterisation of aquifers is improved by the joint use of MRS and traditional geophysical methods. Additional parameters thug obtained allow the description of geological structure, hydraulic parameters and electric conductivity of water. Rate of success in water drilling was improved by using methods developed in this study and the hydrodynamic model of catchment area based on hydraulic geometry estimated by geophysics was verified by observation
Chamballu, Antoine. "Sondages d'amas de galaxies par effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich : corrélations et combinaison avec les émissions X." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077087.
Full textThe Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect is the distorsion of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) spectrum due to the inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons off electrons in the intra-cluster medium. Although being know since the late sixties, this effect has barely been used so far; a number of instruments are currently being used or will be soon, in order to carry out the largest clusters surveys ever. The use of SZ galaxy cluster surveys as cosmological probes imply the combination of these data with X-ray observations. In order to estimate the capacity of several SZ and X-ray instruments and the combination of the resulting data, I built a model for these two kinds of emission constrained by a large number of X-ray observations. This model allows to simulate realistic observation programs. As an example of the applications that can be done thanks to this model, I first compared the properties of the Planck and ROSAT catalogs and, on the other hand, estimated the capabilities of XMM-Newton to follow-up the hottest and most distants clusters (i. E. The most cosmologically relevant ones) among those discovered by the Planck satellite
Katalay, Bansi-Bi-Yabo. "Sondages d'opinion et développement une étude du développement agricole en Haute-Volta (O.R.D. de Banfora)." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594028d.
Full textMelin, J. B. "Amas de galaxies et effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich : observations et étude des effets de sélection des sondages." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007930.
Full textJosserand, Etienne. "Sondages pour données fonctionnelles : construction de bandes de confiance asymptotiques et prise en compte d'information auxiliaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00692015.
Full textMcCracken, Deirdra. "Le jeu des chiffres : les journalistes québécois sont-ils outillés pour traiter des sondages d'opinion publique ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26485/26485.pdf.
Full textLesage, Éric. "Utilisation d'information auxiliaire en théorie des sondages à l'étape de l'échantillonnage et à l'étape de l'estimation." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979764.
Full textGasmi, Mohamed. "Perturbations des sondages magneto-telluriques (s. M. T. ) dues aux bruits geologiques : heterogeneites superficielles, geologie regionale." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066247.
Full textMANN, LAURENT. "Un modele pour le vote par assentiment : du role strategique des sondages dans le choix social." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EPXX0002.
Full textMelin, Jean-Baptiste. "Amas de galaxies et effet Sunyaev-Zel'dovich : observations et étude des effets de sélection des sondages." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077129.
Full textNeto, Cécile-Marie. "L'opinion publique, au travers des sondages, à l'épreuve de la démocratisation dans le Portugal post-salazariste." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE0055.
Full textThe Portugal's democratisation begin with the carnations' revolution and continue with the entry of this estate in the UE. The opinion's silence is one of the strengths of the dictature and the principal reason of Salazar's politic success. Liberty and free circulation of the opinions, public space apparition, propaganda and media's formation are the ingredients necessary to the democratisation. Public opinion with its organic expression, the politics pools, became an essential actor. Which are the actors participating at the pools development ? Which significant actions and influences can we underline ? Which are the politic, economic and legal aspects of this sector ? On top of that, internationalisation and influence of it on the methodologies, the strategies companies and the intensive utilisation of these pools on the mechanisms of the society help us to understand the development of the Portuguese democracy over the public opinion
Vincent, Pauline. "Impact des signaux modulés sur la précision des mesures bathymétriques issues de sondeurs multifaisceaux." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13937.
Full textThe latest generation of Multibeam Echo Sounders (MBES) uses Frequency Modulated signals (FM) in order to increase the transmitted energy (via the pulse duration increase) while keeping a high resolution thanks to pulse compression (matched filtering). It enables to increase the signal to noise ratio and thus the swath of these systems. However, the expected performance levels are not reached in practise, and bathymetric measurements are paradoxically noisier. This observation has been done on several systems from different manufacturers (ResonTM Seabat 7150, KongsbergTM EM 122, 302, and 710). The work conducted on this thesis aims at investigating the different causes of measurement uncertainties with the use of modulated signals. The first hypothesis is linked to the Doppler effect (caused by the motion of the arrays following the plateform motion: heave, roll, pitch. . . ). A study based on model and simulations of this effect has been conducted towards two aspects: measurement bias and statistics. Nevertheless, it has concluded that the Doppler effect cannot explain the observed performance losses satisfyingly (the measurement biases being already taken into account and corrected, and the loss in term of statistics being insignificant). A second explanation is based on the presence of sidelobes on the pulse compression which contribute as a noise in decorrelating the interferometric signals (baseline decorrelation). The latter has been shown to be the main cause of degradation on bathymetric measurement with the use of modulated signals. Finally, some realistic solutions have been proposed on the filtering or signal shape designs reducing the impact of the sidelobes (theoretical model, simulation and tested on field data for some of them)
Goulet, Charles-André. "Autoritarisme et démocratie. La notion " d'appui à la démocratie" dans les sondages d'opinion. Le cas du Guatemala." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030053/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with public opinion and democracy. It mainly focuses on Guatemalans and on their weak propensity to support democracy and some of its dimensions. Between explanations that tie this behaviour to an artifact and to a culture of authoritarianism, contextual factors and important nuances can be found. We thus argue that it is advisable to deal with support for democracy as a multifaceted and malleable object. Drawing from perspectives and bifurcation theories, we develop an analytical instrument that we refer to as the "short-run of support for democracy". The latter allows us to understand why and how, in times of crisis, citizens’ viewpoints on democracy can easily become volatile. The fact that opinions are sensitive to extraordinary circumstances does not prevent them, under usual circumstances, from being relatively stable. Building on theories on ambivalence, we elaborate another instrument, the "long-run of support for democracy", which allows us to explain why survey respondents often give "contradictory" answers to questions dealing with rights and freedoms. While as ambivalent as other Central Americans, Guatemalans stand apart for their likelihood to avoid certain survey questions, to prefer limiting the rights of people who criticize the government, and to be particularly distrustful of state institutions. As background to those opinions and other paradoxical attitudes, we highlight existing tensions between citizens’ demands and their evaluation of the offer in democracy. This thesis first examines the various dimensions of the Guatemalan political culture and proposes a typology of indicators used in international barometer surveys
Blondiaux, Loïc. "La fabrique de l'opinion : une histoire sociale des sondages aux Etats-Unis et en France (1935-1965)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0008.
Full textThis dissertation aims to study the way the thought and the management of public opinion have been progressivly transformed in Western democracies, since 1935, in relation with the sudden appearance of the original conceptualizations of public opinion since the 1750's. The first chapter describes the problems political philosophy, social sciences and society have met in their search of a definition and a measure of public opinion before 1935. The second chapter analyses the social conditions of invention, reception and success of public opinion surveys in United States between 1935 and 1950. The third chapter studies the importation of public opinion polls in France and the fourth and last chapter analyses the whys and wherefores of the spreading of the method in this country between 1945 and 1965
Delcher, Hervé. "L'opinion publique française et les problèmes de défense : 15 ans de sondages de 1972 à nos jours." Paris10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100092.
Full textThis attemps to show in the best possible fashion the opinion of the French public opinion towards defense between 1972 and 1987 (from the Debre-Fontanet law to the Washington accords). To achieve this, it has been into two distinct parts. The first describe the international climate of people interviewed. This section examines how the menace is perceived, the analyses of the many types of danger, as well as any influential variables. The international climate also includes the manner in which the countries allied with France through friendly relations or treaties was perceived. The second part addresses the ideological-political context, and interest for defense problems in the general concerns of French public opinion concerns. It is also in the ideological-political context that the people can determine whether or not this opinion is specific. It is stated easily enough the existence of a certain number of paradoxes. Therefore, it is a quite interesting to relate defense problems to a most global society perception. Then it is concluded with the formation of 2 hypothesis that may bring a new light on the way interviewed persons feel towards nuclear dissuasion
Nolasco, Maria Rita. "Sondages éléctromagnétiques en domaine océanique appliqués à l'étude du manteau supérieur en contexte de point chaud intraplaque." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES2038.
Full textRandrianasolo, Jean. "Etude des profils de sondages des leucogranites de Grandrieu, Massif Central français géochimie et analyse des données /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600632n.
Full textRichard-Zappella, Jeannine. "La construction de l'opinion publique dans le sondage : de la question au discours de reformulation." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUEL110.
Full textLinguistic analysis of opinion polls is justified by their importance in modern democracies. The analysis presented here is based on to two fundamental aspects in a complex process: the questioning and the subsequent reformulation of the answers; certain implicit assertions are defined on which the validity of the poll: the relations between the questioner and the informant are assumed to be neutral; the question is assumed to be not oriented; and the answer is assumed to be representative. Analysis shows is confronted with a problem over which he as no control and that the normal situation is one of lack of understanding. As far as the publication of the results is concerned, the ways of expressing the basic sentence x (says) y are extremely diverse in spite of its poverty. The informers may be referred to as "55%" of the population as "the French" or as "the public opinion". The verbs used are also extremely diverse, for example the informers may "know", "want" or "demand". The points of view of the different actors are analysed, and this shows the importance of the role of the opinion in modern society
Ledermann, Robert. "Évaluation et estimation de la fiabilité de sondages électoraux, provinciaux, bipartisans et québécois de la période 1977-1985." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5088.
Full textTessier, Charles. "Profil de l'électorat de droite au Canada en 2000 et 2011 de l'analyse écologique à l'analyse par sondages." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5705.
Full textValec̆ková-Tománková, Veronika. "L'Union Européenne et le processus de l'élargissement : les tensions dans l'intégration européenne reflétées dans les sondages de l'opinion publique." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040135.
Full textThis work provides an analysis of the public opinion in the EU countries on further enlargement. Public opinion plays in the current integration processes an important role and an integral part of the research concerning the European Union. The differentiation in the support for the EU enlargement across the 25 countries can be explained by the multivariate LISREL (linear structural equations) analysis that makes possible to identify a causal system through the explanatory model. The model includes structural and public opinion variables in the set of the twenty-five EU member states. Multivariate statistical analysis shows (i) a tension among the rich and the poor EU member states in the enlargement process, (ii) a low public opinion support for the enlargement and deepening processes in the countries of EU core, and on the contrary, a clear support to both processes in the group of latest member states, (iii) greater importance of Post-materialist values in the Protestant countries in the public opinion
Moutard, Thibaud. "Redshifts photométriques et paramètres physiques des galaxies dans les sondages à grande échelle : contraintes sur l'évolution des galaxies massives." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4782.
Full textThis thesis presents the measurement of the photometric redshifts and physical parameters in the framework of large scale surveys, and their constraint on galaxy evolution. The photometric redshift measurement allows us to study the entire photometric sample. For this reason, the weak lensing signal measurement used in the Euclid mission as a primary cosmological probe will rely on photometric redshift measurements. However, the method is strongly affected by the quality of the photometry. In particular, I show in this thesis how the photometric calibration impacts the photometric redshift precison, in order to constrain the photometric strategy to use in the Euclid mission.Aiming to take into account for observationnal problems, the analysis is done with observationnal data whose photometric configuration is close to the expected Euclid one. These data combine new near-infrared observations conduected to cover the VIPERS spectroscopic survey and the CFHTLS photometry.Using the conclusions of this analysis, I have producted the new photometric catalogue for VIPERS and the associated photometric redshift calalogue.Finally, I used the same photometry to compute the stellar masses of 760,000 galaxies covering 22 square degrees at the limiting magnitude Ks(AB) < 22. This enabled me to study the evolution of the stellar mass function between redshifts z= 0.2 and z = 1.5. We have then shown that the star formation of galaxies with stellar masses around log(M/Msol) = 10.66 is stopped in 2-4 Gyr, while in quiescent low-mass (log(M/Msol) < 9.5) galaxies, the star formation has been stopped 5-10 times faster (approximatelly in 0.4 Gyr)
Girod, Alain. "Les mutations de l'espace public et la construction médiatique de "l'opinion publique"." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/girod_a.
Full textThis doctorate tries to answer two questions : aren't the transformations of public sphere characterized on the one hand by the generalization of a logic based on audience and so by certain "privatization" of public sphere ? And, on the other hand, aren't we faced with a phenomenon based on advertising of opinions, on media construction of public opinion ? The first part, dedicated to the theorical and institutional foundations of public sphere, is dividedin three chapters the first constitutes a critical analysis of the theories presented by Habermas ; the second tries to analyse the french ôlitical system, in his institutional and partisan dimensions ; the third chapter, last, tries to study the media device who exists in France, on the economical respect and on the respect of his specific rules before analysing the "information society" mythology and the "journalism influence". The second part, who deals with the show logic, groups together four chapters : the first tackles the influence of communication on public sphere ; the second refers to the show law from a thought on the picture power and on the contradictions between the "large audience" and public sphere ; the third refers to the deep emotional dimension of the media ; the fourth, last, deals with the interpenetration between private sphere and public sphere. The third part, last, is organized around four chapters the first constitutes a reflection on public opinion before opinion polls ; the second analyses precisely opinion polls ; the third examines the media construction of social representations ; the fourth, last, refers to conflicts between the media and politics
Iliakopoulos, Anastassios. "Etude de l'opinion et enquêtes de référence : aspects théoriques, méthodologiques et informatiques." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090011.
Full textOpinions, fleeting and complex though they may seem, are the concern of a common set of mechanisms. This postulate underlies the concept of a reference survey: how can people working in the field of communication be supplied with a set of tools enabling them to place their specific problems within a general framework? Considering that representations are building up, first and foremost, as the involved social debate goes along, we liken the opinion phenomenon to a system that takes into account the adjustments occurring between actors and the public. The considered approach that leads to setting up a particular reference survey system follows from this basic "schema": choice then extraction method of the parameters of the model, construction of the questionnaire. That is how we have been led to elaborate a statistical methodology and computer tools that make operational such survey systems, in a general way. Both approach and methodology have been put to test on some examples
Girod, Alain Tétu Jean-François. "Les mutations de l'espace public et la construction médiatique de "l'opinion publique"." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2000/girod_a.
Full textCoppolani, Franck. "Recherche sytématique de quasars dans les grands sondages du ciel et application à l'étude de corrélation dans le milieu intergalactique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00127046.
Full textCoppolani, Franck. "Recherche systématique de quasars dans les grands sondages du ciel et application à l'étude de corrélation dans le milieu intergalactique." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066351.
Full textSauvanaud, Jean. "Le condenseur du haut fourneau à zinc : sondages de températures, connaissance du fonctionnement, application à la modélisation et au suivi." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0700.
Full textLusinchi, Dominic Ponton Rémy. "La statistique appliquée." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/LusinchiThese.pdf.
Full textSiéca, Elisabeth. "Les sondages d'opinion publique en Russie de la perestrojka à nos jours 1985-1992 : un outil hautement convoité, enjeu d'intérêts multiples." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100086.
Full textThe study of the factors in the post-Stalinist emergence of public opinion polls in a totalitarian society, - where sociology does not have the right to exist -, is helpful to read the Gorbacev's era as well as the period after the coup. Public opinion polls can therefore be used as an indicator of the nature of democratization and reforms. Functions of propaganda or of pseudo-scientific legitimacy of an adequacy between political decisions and the masses' will are frequent during this period. Nevertheless the functions of polls tend to vary progressively, especially in 1989, when polls become the instrument of various independent actors. Polls are used as a tool for the discovery of plurality and an instrument to denounce soviet society's dysfunctions. Public opinion polls become finally a central instrument of political struggle, especially in the hands of sociologists who try to gain a legitimation before the power
Goga, Camelia. "Estimation de la variance dans les sondages à plusieurs échantillons et prise en compte de l'information auxiliaire par des modèles nonparamétriques." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20030.
Full textThis Phd deals with the variance estimation and the use of auxiliary information when we have more than one sample. The first chapter, which is a part of a report made for Eurostat, gives a review of the main techniques for estimating the variance and their implementation in the software POULPE, when it is possible. We define, in chapter 2, a bidimensional sampling design and we give a variance Horvitz-Thompson type formula for linear estimators that depend on these two samples. We derive the best linear unbiased estimator and a variance estimator is also proposed. Explicit formulas are given for particular bidimensional sampling designs. A technique of linearization on two samples is developped in order to deal with non linear statistics of totals. Then, we use auxiliary information for improving estimates by means of nonparametric regression estimators based on local polynomials. Finally, we study in chapter 3 a new approach based on regression splines for taking into account the auxiliary information for estimating the poulation total. Consistency results are proved and simulations confirm the good behaviour of this estimator in practice
Essamoud, Rachid. "Série stéphano-permienne de la région de Marrakech, Maroc (Haut-Atlas nord, sondages du Haouz, Jbilets orientales) : dynamique sédimentale, pétrographie, charbon." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS012.
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