Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sondeur'
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Laly, Pierre. "Sondeur de canal MIMO temps réel et applications." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10168/document.
Full textTo be able to reach a bit rate higher than 100Mb/s with 4G systems and to multiply by 20 the energy efficiency of future 5G networks, all the propagation channel richness must be exploited. This innovative research area dealing with the physical layer optimization is based on the multidimensional channel characterization in "real time". This concept of “real time” means that space, time, frequency and polarimetric dimensions are explored simultaneously to ensure stationarity conditions of the channel during measurements. The channel sounder, subject of the thesis, must also be able to adapt to different scenarios of propagation, including a context of high mobility as, for example, in the case of a communication between high-speed trains. The system that has been developed, based on programmable digital components, allows measuring in a 80Mz bandwidth, 128 transfer functions associated with a (8,16) MIMO channel in less than a few tens of µs and without post-processing. The duration of the transmitted signal is 150 µs. Another originality of this sounder is its easy reconfigurability and its multi-function ability. For example, for studying cyber security of wireless communications, it would play the role of communication system, interference source and channel sounder. In the frame of localization of people in forest owing to their mobile phone, results of channel characterization conducted with the sounder placed either on the ground, or in an ULM, are also described and analyzed
Unterseh, Stephan. "Cartographie et caractérisation du fond marin par sondeur multifaisceaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL081N.
Full textLe, Saout Jean-Yves. "Les systèmes d'aériens du sondeur à rétrodiffusion du cnet." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10004.
Full textDUGELAY, SAMANTHA. "Caracterisation des fonds marins a partir de donnees sondeur em12." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112078.
Full textLANDEAU, THIERRY. "Inversion des mesures ionospheriques du sondeur oblique a retrodiffusion de l'ile losquet." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10104.
Full textVu, Van Yem. "Conception et réalisation d'un sondeur de canal multi-capteur utilisant les corrélateurs cinq-ports pour la mesure de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001791.
Full textMaroni, Claire-Sophie. "Détermination automatique de la stratification des fonds sous-marins à l'aide d'un sondeur de sédiments." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES2044.
Full textFourrié, Nadia. "Interet des observations du sondeur satellitaire tovs pour l'analyse et la prevision des depressions pendant fastex." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066509.
Full textWhitburn, Simon. "Quantification des émissions atmosphériques d'ammoniac par les feux de biomasse à partir des mesures du sondeur IASI." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/261949.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique
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Farhat, Hanna. "Mise au point d'un sondeur de canal bidirectionnel : Caractérisation du canal de propagation MIMO à 3, 5 GHz." Rennes, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAR0016.
Full textThe mimo (multiple-input multiple-output) technique, using multiple antennas at emission and reception, are a good solution for wireless communication systems to improve data rates and quality of service. Mimo wireless technology has progressed from the stage of fundamental research to commercially available products within a decade. It was adopted by normalization groups of recent wireless communication systems (mobile, wmans, wlans, …). These new systems exploit the spatial dimension to transmit information. Thus, the implementation of these techniques permits to achieve a substantial improvement of digital link performance. However, the performance of mimo systems is very dependent on the propagation channel. In this context, the study of the transmission channel is crucial. In a classical configuration, the channel characterization and modeling can be limited to the time domain. It is necessary, in the case of mimo systems, to consider the spatial dimension as well as the time dimension. This thesis presents the design and the realization of a measurement system allowing a precise characterization of the mimo propagation channel. This wideband channel sounder is developed at 3. 5 ghz. This band is not widely studied in the literature, especially in the outdoor-to-indoor configuration. The wimax system will operate in this frequency band. The used approach is the double directional characterization of the propagation channel. We extended an existing mimo channel sounder to the 3. 5 ghz frequency band. Different antenna array architectures were developed. Thus, linear and circular antenna arrays were designed and ealized at 3. 5 ghz. These different architectures permit the measurements in various environments. Then, the multi-dimensional sage algorithm was developed. It is used to obtain better resolution when applied on measurement data. Finally, several measurement campaigns were conducted at 3. 5 ghz in different environments. In particular, the outdoor-to-indoor scenario was explored. The propagation data processing permits us to obtain the channel characteristics. The multipath parameters were extracted as the dod (direction of departure) and doa (direction of arrival). A comparison between measurement and simulation results was realized. It shows a good agreement and permits the interpretation of propagation physical phenomena. More measurement campaigns are needed to obtain realistic mimo channel models
Faijan, François. "Vers une meilleure utilisation des observations du sondeur IASI pour la restitution des profils atmosphériques en conditions nuageuses." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0101/document.
Full textThe IASI hyperspectral infrared sounding interferometer, the first model of which has been flown on board the meteorological polar orbiting satellite MetOp-A since 2006, has already led to spectacular scientific breakthroughs in both weather forecasting and research into atmospheric composition and the climate. Measurements from the sounders are however largely underutilised, mainly because of the presence of clouds in the atmosphere. The highly non-linear way in which the clouds interact with incident radiation makes analysis of the readings much more complex, and can sometimes even prohibit access from space to the properties of not only the atmospheric layers located above the cloud, but also below them in the case of semi-transparency. However, in view of the potential amount of information offered by the sounders, the scientific community is very interested in exploiting cloud radiance. The research for this thesis stems from this interest. We plan to study two radically different cloud schemes: cloud clarification and a scheme which allows for simulation of cloud radiance by using the optical and microphysical properties of clouds. The first of these methods, initiated by Smith et al. (1968), allows us under certain conditions to disregard the cloud in the IASI pixel. This method is based on the CNES Heterogeneous Scenes software algorithm. After a first validation step, method performance is evaluated by the amount of independent information offered by the clarification, compared to a cloud radiance process chain established at CMS. The results are favorable to the tested method allowing us to deal with atmospheric layers under the cloud, which have therefore larger quantities. However clarification is based on a strong assumption of atmospheric homogeneity and only applies to 15% of cloud situations. The second method is a simulation of cloud radiance by fast radiative transfer models using the optical and microphysical properties of the cloud. The major advantage of this method is that it uses the same cloud profiles as those produced by numerical weather prediction models, allowing assimilation of these profiles from the IASI measurement. However, the use of these fast radiative transfer models in the context of data assimilation is still in the early stages, very few studies have been conducted on this topic. We are proposing a three-phase study which will allow for an operational use of these radiative transfer models. The first step is validation. This is done by conducting several case studies based on Lindenberg’s measurement campaign. Then, within the framework of the ConcordIasi campaign, a statistical analysis will be carried out by introducing filtering, to select cloud profiles which are consistent with the IASI observations. The last step is an overall application, the statistics showing a clear improvement in deviation from the draft thanks to the filters, going from 8K to 2K. Throughout the study we will discuss the models used (RTTOV and HISCRTM), their strengths and weaknesses. Finally the last step allows us to evaluate the performance of the cloud profiles obtained by the digital forecasting models
Guignard, Anthony. "Propriétés microphysiques des cirrhus : restitution à partir du sondage IR depuis l'espace et études en lien avec la structure verticale (exploitation de la synergie du A-Train : AIRS, CALIPSO et CloudSat)." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066085.
Full textIce clouds cover on average 30% of the earth's surface and play a special role in climate studies. Composed of crystals of varying size and shape, these clouds have complex optical properties. So that it is necessary to determine them for assessing the impact of cirrus on the global radiation budget. The objective of this thesis is the retrieval and analysis of physical and microphysical properties. Therefore we use the synergy of space observations of the A-Train constellation: the infrared sounder AIRS measurements and characterization of different cloud layers provided by the lidar and radar of the CALIPSO and CloudSat missions. We develop a method to retrieve microphysical properties of cirrus, based on their spectral emissivity differences between 8 and 12. 5 microns. This allows us to determine ice water path and effective diameter and shape of ice crystals in cirrus. The analysis of six years of observations made it possible to establish a climatology of cirrus properties which is compared to other cloud climatologies within the frame work of the GEWEX cloud assessment. We then analyze the relationships between various physical and microphysical properties of cirrus to develop parameterizations of the effective diameter for application in climate models. We also estimate the ice water content of cirrus that allows us to evaluate an alternative approach to characterize their radiative impact based on an ensemble model of their optical properties obtained from airborne measurements
COSQUER, Ronan. "Conception d'un sondeur de canal MIMO - Caractérisation du canal de propagation d'un point de vue directionnel et doublement directionnel." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007560.
Full textCosquer, Ronan. "Conception d'un sondeur de canal MIMO Caractérisation du canal de propagation d'un point de vue directionnel et doublement directionnel." Rennes, INSA, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007560v2.
Full textRegarding the necessity of high rates transmission while guaranteeing a certain quality of service, MIMO systems (Multiple Input - Multiple Output) seem very promising. By using several antennas simultaneously at the both sites of communication link, these systems exploit the spatial dimension to transmit information. Thus the implementation of these techniques permits to achieve a substantial improvement of the data rate and the digital link performances. As in all system studies, a thorough analysis of the transmission channel and the associated propagation mechanisms proves to be essential. This is the context in which the work is presented in this document. This thesis deals with the design and the realisation of a powerful measurement system allowing a precise characterization of the MIMO propagation channel knowledge for the UMTS application
R'Honi, Yasmina. "Etude de la chimie et du transport d'espèces réactives dans les panaches de feux à l'aide du sondeur IASI." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209292.
Full textsur les premières observations des feux par IASI, qui ont révélé la possibilité de mesurer, en plus du CO habituellement utilisé comme traceur, plusieurs espèces chimiquement actives dans les panaches, dont NH3 et divers composés organiques. Via une analyse approfondie des spectres, nous montrons dans notre travail qu'au total 24 espèces gazeuses sont détectées dans les spectres IASI, ce qui représente une avancée majeure dans la détection par les sondeurs infrarouges au nadir.
Ces observations inattendues ouvrent la voie à un examen approfondi de la réactivité dans les panaches, au cours de leur transport et en fonction des conditions météorologiques locales. Nous nous sommes attachés à cette étude en ciblant principalement deux événements intenses et isolés. Le premier événement est celui des feux d'Australie de Février 2009, qui était particulier de par la hauteur d'injection du panache (haute troposphère voire basse stratosphère) mais aussi suite à la forte quantité d'aérosols émise. Le second événement est celui des feux de Russie centrale de l'été 2010, qui se caractérisent par la durée de l'épisode (d'environ un mois) mais aussi par sa très large étendue.
Nous avons déterminé, pour le premier événement, les masses totales d'une série d'espèces émises dans les panaches et nous les avons confrontées à celles issues du modèle de chimie-transport CHIMERE et à d'autres valeurs de la littérature. Nous montrons une évolution temporelle fortement différente pour les espèces plus réactives et supposons pour certains composés, dont HCOOH,
une vraisemblable source secondaire au sein du panache.
Pour les feux en Russie, nous avons déterminé les rapports d'enrichissement ∆X/∆CO (où X est l'espèce réactive), particulièrement utiles pour suivre la
chimie. Nous les comparons aux valeurs publiées dans la littérature en fonction du type de végétation brûlée. Certains aspects de la réactivité dans le panache sont mis en évidence, notamment la formation secondaire de HCOOH. Nous
avons également estimé les masses totales et les flux d'émission de chacune des 3 espèces émises (CO, NH3, et HCOOH), et les comparons à d'autres
estimations publiées dans la littérature scientifique.
Sur base de ces résultats, pour des événements locaux, nous menons une brève première analyse de la variabilité des émissions de gaz réactifs par les feux à l'échelle globale, en utilisant plus particulièrement les distributions de concentration de CO, NH3, et HCOOH. Nos résultats pour HCOOH/CO suggèrent une grande variabilité des rapports tant spatialement que temporellement.
Doctorat en Sciences
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GUILLOUARD, SAMUEL. "Conception et realisation d'un sondeur de canal tres large bande a 60 ghz - mesures de propagation a l'interieur des batiments." Rennes, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAR0009.
Full textRuelle, Nicolas. "Application des données du sondeur à retro diffusion de l'île Losquet à la télédétection du profil de densité électronique de l'ionosphère." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066317.
Full textPeiro, Hélène. "Assimilation des observations satellitaires de l'interféromètre atmosphérique de sondage infrarouge (IASI) dans un modèle de chimie-transport pour des réanalyses d'ozone à l'échelle globale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30019/document.
Full textHuman activity produces gases impacting the climate and the air quality with important economic and social consequences. Tropospheric ozone (O3) is created by chemical reactions from primary pollutants as nitrogen oxides. O3 is the third most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide and methane. It is one of the most important pollutants due to its oxidant effects on biological tissue. Several sensors on board satellites measure ozone concentration in the Ultraviolet, visible, or in the Earth infrared radiance. The French national center for space studies CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) has developed the infrared sounding IASI on board polar meteorological satellites METOP. IASI, in orbit for several years, has allowed to estimate concentration of atmospheric gases, particularly O3, with a spatio-temporal coverage never reached so far. Every day, IASI measures infrared spectrum of the atmosphere between 650 to 2700 nm with an horizontal resolution of 12 km, giving tens of Gigaoctet per day of geolocated data. These observations form a part of an ideal set of data for the Chemistry Transport Model (CTM). CTM are used to analyze and predict air quality and can take into account satellite data according to a mathematical procedure called 'data assimilation'. This technic allows to fill gaps in the satellite information (for instance due to clouds or during night for the UV-visible sensor) and to obtain 3D global fields of chemical species concentration on an hourly basis. Therefore, it is important to develop accurate and efficient algorithms to assimilate IASI data in the CTM's. To this end, the UMR/CECI (CERFACS) develops in collaboration with the CNRM/Météo-France an assimilation tool (named VALENTINA) to the CTM MOCAGE that has applications on global and regional scales for climate or air quality study. The CTM MOCAGE is part of the European Copernicus project on the atmospheric composition (CAMS). In addition, the UMR/CECI collaborates with the Laboratoire d'Aérologie that has developed for several years the SOFRID algorithm for the vertical profiles retrieval of IASI ozone data based on the radiative transfer code RTTOV. The study of this PhD includes the tridimensional production of tropospheric ozone analysis with data assimilation (MLS, IASI) in the CTM MOCAGE, and on the ozone variability. Hence, we demonstrate the analysis ability to reproduce tropospheric ozone in response to ENSO, by bringing new informations on the vertical structure of associated anomalies. The PhD also focuses on the study of biases between analyses and independent ozone soundings. One of the main reasons could be due to the use of the climatological a-priori and matrix error covariance associated, strongly biased (particularly around the tropopause) in the retrieval method of IASI ozone data. Therefore, the second part of the PhD has consisted implementation of a method that generates accurate a-priori to improve retrieved ozone profiles. As a conclusion, this PhD brings a significant progress towards the improvement of tropospheric ozone products from IASI instrument, that should contribute to the long-term monitoring of tropospheric ozone thanks to the operational nature of METOP satellites
Zayana, Karim. "Méthodes de mesure et de modélisation de canaux de propagation radiomobiles." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0013.
Full textDuring the most critical phases of a mobile transmission, especially when the mobile lies on the border of a cell, it may be advantageous to connect it with one or several other base stations at the same time. This is what we call macrodiversity. This technique is inherent to new generation mobile systems. In CDMA for example, over 40% of the mobiles use it. The handover algorithm and its performances may depend on the slow fading recorded on the different paths. They may also depend on the fast fading or on the impulse response profiles. This shows the paramount importance of a good channel knowledge and modelisation in situation of macrodiversity. It is with these goals in mind that this thesis was written. We first performed narrow band studies thanks to measurements and simulations. This helped us to build a complete model of the shadow fading, including both its autocorrelation and cross-correlation properties. Next this model was implemented in system and capacity simulators, allowing the restoration of the shadowing phenomenon in a more realistic way (. . . )
Vũ, Văn Yêm. "Conception et réalisation d'un sondeur de canal multi-capteur utilisant les corrélateurs cinq-ports pour la mesure de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40208331v.
Full textVũ, Văn Yem. "Conception et réalisation d'un sondeur de canal multi-capteur utilisant les corrélateurs "cinq-ports" pour la mesure de propagation à l'intérieur des bâtiments." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0052.
Full textThe five-port correlator in microstrip technology consists of a ring with 5 arms and three diode power detectors. The ratio of two waves (Radio Frequency and Local Oscillator) is determined as a linear combination of the power levels measured at the five -port's outputs. Advantages of using five-port are its low-cost, its less sensibility to phase and amplitude imbalances and its operation in a wide frequency band. We propose a spatio-temporal channel sounder that consists of an 8 quasi-Yagi antenna elements and of 8 five-ports at reception The channel sounder designed for indoor propagation measurements follows us to measure time delay (TOA: Time Of Arrival) and Direction Of Arrival (DOA) in azimuth and in elevation of multi-path signals simultaneously. The DOA is estimated by measuring the phase difference of signals picked up by an antenna array and the estimation of TOA is based on the phase difference measured at two successive frequencies in the band from 2. 3 GHz to 2. 5 GHz with frequency step of 4 MHz at one five-port. The high resolution algorithm MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) associated with spatial smoothing pre-processing is used for TOA and DOA estimation. The simulation and measurement results show that we can estimate a number of signals bigger than the number of antenna elements. The proposed channel sounder has a low-cost and the measurement is performed simultaneously
Kepel, René Charles. "Recherches méthodologiques pour l'estimation de la ressource en laminaires sur les côtes bretonnes : expérimentation de la video sous-marine et d'une technique d'écho-sondeur." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996BRES1007.
Full textGarcia, Pardo Concepción. "Experimental characterization of the radio channel for systems of large bandwidth and multiple antennas." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10014/document.
Full textRecent and future wireless applications require large data rates. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems were proposed as one solution to achieve higher spectral efficiency. More recently Ultra-Wideband (UWB) systems, have gained interest owing its extremely high data rates. However, precise knowledge of the radio channel is an essential issue to design the global system and, thus to reach such improvement in the performances of wireless communications. This thesis is mainly focused on the experimental characterization of the radio channel for systems with large bandwidth and MIMO. In general, most of the research on MIMO and UWB are performed in indoor environments. However, there are other scenarios where reliable communications are also needed, for example, in tunnels. In this special environment, there is an increasing necessity of developing and implementing control/command equipment, in order to develop safe and efficient trains and infrastructures. Thus, the objectives pursued in this thesis are:- Improve an existing frequency-domain MIMO channel sounder to achieve more enhanced capabilities.- Develop a wideband time-domain MIMO channel sounder in order to perform measurements directly in the time-domain.- Characterize the MIMO-UWB radio channel in office environment by means of measurements carried out in the underground level of the Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Multi dimensional channel parameters have been deduced from numerous measurement campaigns.- Study the propagation in tunnels and give physical interpretation of the performances of space, frequency and polarization diversity, and of time reversal techniques
El, Arja Hajar. "Sondeur de canal de propagation multi-capteurs appliqué à la mesure de canal de propagation pour l'Ultra Large Bande (6 GHz - 8.5 GHz) à l'intérieur des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00575964.
Full textEl, Arja Hajar. "Sondeur de canal de propagation multi-capteur appliqué à la mesure de canal de propagation pour l'Ultra Large Bande (6GHz - 8. 5 GHz) à l'intérieur des bâtiments." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00575964.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the design of a channel sounder for the propagation of UWB signals in indoor environment. The sounder is based on a parallel architecture in reception composed of five ports circuit and an array of printed antennas LTSA (Linear Tapered Slot Antenna). The sounder has been realized and tested in the UWB frequency band (6 to 8. 5 GHz) allocated by ETSI. The measurements were used to examine the directions of arrival (DOA) and time of arrival of waves corresponding to multipath inside of a building. The combination of the five-port technique and the method of estimation MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification) allows a sounder low production cost and high accuracy of estimation. Several propagation scenarios are discussed in the PhD thesis that will be provided in Line Of Sight (LOS) or No Line Of Sight (NLOS)
Chen, Hong-Bin. "Simulation d'observations satellitaires passives en micro-onde : influence de la nébulosité et des précipitations sur les températures de brillance : inversion de paramètres nuageux à partir des mesures du sondeur micro-onde Météosat." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10029.
Full textLacour, Jean Lionel. "Estimations du profil du rapport isotopique de la vapeur d'eau dans la troposphère à partir de spectres mesurés dans l'infrarouge thermique par le sondeur IASI: méthodologie d'inversion et analyses des premières distributions spatiales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209151.
Full textDans cette perspective, les mesures de radiances du système terre-atmosphère dans l’infrarouge thermique par l’Interféromètre Atmosphérique de Sondage Infrarouge (IASI) à bord de la plateforme météorologique MetOp, peuvent fournir des observations du rapport isotopique δD (rapport HDO/H216O), à l’échelle globale et à haute résolution spatio-temporelle, pour autant que la restitution du rapport puisse être obtenue avec une précision suffisante.
Dans ce travail, nous présentons une méthodologie robuste et précise pour la restitution du profil de δD à partir des spectres IASI. Basée sur la méthode d’estimation optimale, elle consiste à appliquer des contraintes d’inversion adaptées afin d’obtenir des profils de δD fiables. Nous décrivons le choix de celles-ci et nous montrons que la méthode mise en place permet de fournir des profils de δD qui présentent un maximum de sensibilité dans la troposphère libre. L’adéquation de la méthode mise en place est ensuite évaluée grâce à une étude d’inter-comparaison avec des mesures dérivées de l’instrument spatial TES (Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer sur AURA) et FTIR localisés au sol. L’exactitude des profils IASI a aussi pu être déterminée grâce à des comparaisons avec des mesures in situ.
Dans une autre partie du travail, nous nous attachons à préciser les applications liées à l’utilisation des nouvelles mesures dans le domaine des géosciences. Nous documentons ainsi les capacités du sondeur IASI à fournir des mesures de δD à une résolution spatio-temporelle inégalée et décrivons les diverses distributions obtenues. Nous montrons et analysons notamment les premières cartes globales à haute résolution de δD dans la troposphère. Les mesures de δD et de l’humidité sont analysées conjointement à l’aide de modèles simples et permettent de démontrer la plus-value mesures de δD depuis les satellites. Parmi les résultats les plus significatifs, citons la mise en évidence de la signature isotopique des différentes sources de la vapeur d’eau (évaporation continentale/océanique), et celle de l’empreinte des différents processus hydrologiques qui contrôlent l’humidification de l’atmosphère (convection, mélange de masse d’air, ré-évaporation des gouttes de pluie).
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Zayana, Karim. "Méthode de mesure et de modélisation de canaux de propagation radiomobile." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000817.
Full textRakotonarivo, Sandrine. "Caractérisation quantitative des fonds marins à l'aide des sondeurs de sédiment (1 khz-10 khz) : modélisation directe pour l'inversion sur données réelles." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2003.
Full textThis work deals with sub-bottom profiling signals backscattered by the seafloor and aims at remotely characterize marine sediments at middle frequencies (1 kHz - 10 kHz) and at normal incidence. For that, the study is divided into two parts: the direct modelling analysis and the inverse problem. The work firstly focuses on determining a direct backscattering model which may take into account: measurement geometry (monostatic, normal incidence, and low directive antennas), signal’s properties (linear chirp defined between 1 kHz and 10 kHz), seafloor’s features (layering, attenuation, rough interfaces, inhomogeneous and random layers) and the inverse problem. After justifying predominance of specular energy returns on scattering, the analysis leads to a direct modified layered model which may offer the best compromise between inversion possibility and seafloor parameters accounted for (reflection loss for layering, attenuation coefficient, standard deviation of roughness heights and thickness of an inhomogeneous layer). Accuracy of modified layered model is also calculated and it is experimentally validated with laboratory measurements on absorbent layered plates, and then, with in situ data recorded with sub-bottom profiler Echoes 3 500 from the firm IXSEA on a layered seabed with continuous impedance variations. Then, model inversion is applied with an iterative process on each echo. Frequency dependent parameters (attenuation, roughness, and continuous impedance variations) are firstly evaluated with a wavelet modelling approach while minimising absolute error in order to get a direct linear problem. Next, reflection coefficient is estimated thanks to the method of maximum likelihood equivalent to least square minimisation criteria. Finally, inversion algorithm is implemented on two synthetic examples in order to evaluate efficiency of the inverse operation
Fromant, Guillaume. "Mesure de Matières En Suspension (MES) dans la colonne d'eau par combinaison de méthodes acoustiques et optiques." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0058/document.
Full textMeasuring Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) is essential to better understand sediment transport and marine ecosystems. SPM is traditionnaly estimated through in situ water samples analysis, or based on the optical properties of water. Yet for several decades, acoustical devices have shown their capability to measure SPM on larger volumes. These measurements (especially in terms of SPM concentration) are based on the backscattering properties of the particles. However, these measurements remain limited, since the SPM content in the water column is subjected to variations on both spatial and temporal scales.As a first step, this work aims at showing that it is possible to increase the degree of spatialization of the SPM measurements by inverting MultiBeam EchoSounder (MBES) data, through in situ measurements acquired in the Aulne macrotidal estuary. A backscattering model was first designed to describe the backscattering properties of the suspension of interest, consisting in this study in estuarine agregates. Then, thanks to multifrequency observations, the SPM mass concentration sorted by size classes was retrieved through the the resolution of the inverse problem. This kind of information allows to determine the equivalent spherical radius of the the whole suspension, through which the MBES data, calibrated beforehand using an original method, can be directly inverted. Subsequently, a study of the uncertainties attached to the final concentration estimate is proposed in order to qualify the relevance of the results.In a second step, the necessary conditions for establishing a measurement protocol of the SPM are identified. The latter allows continuous characterization of SPM at different spatial and temporal scales, by exploiting the complementarity of the measures delivered by different instruments
Habib, Bachir. "MIMO Channel Hardware Simulator for LTE and 802.11ac Wireless Communication Systems." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAR0023.
Full textTo evaluate the performance of the emerging mobile and wireless communication systems, a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channel hardware simulator is designed and implemented using the recent communication standards. It provides the processing speed required to the real-time performance evaluation and allows comparing various systems in the same test conditions. The objectives of this work mainly concern the MIMO channel models and the digital block architecture of the hardware simulator. The hardware simulator can be configured with Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) 802.11ac signals. It uses standard channel models, as 3GPP LTE and TGn IEEE 802.11n. It also allows replaying measurement results obtained with the MIMO channel sounder designed and realized at our laboratory. In fact, data obtained during measurement campaigns onboard a ship and for outdoor-to-indoor environments were used. The measured impulse responses are pre-processed in order to make them compatible with LTE or 802.11ac signals. Moreover, timevarying channel models are obtained using Kronecker model with Rayleigh fading.The simulator must be able to reproduce different types of environment. In this context, many scenarios considering realistic people movements have been proposed. They involve movements in outdoor, indoor, outdoor-to-indoor or heterogeneous environments. An algorithm is proposed and described to switch between the environments in a continuous manner. Heterogeneous wireless communication systems are also considered. These systems provide service through a cellular network using LTE standard and are able to maintain the service when switching to a WLAN 802.11ac, for example.Two architectures for the digital block of the hardware simulator are proposed. The first operates in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT/IFFT) modules. A new improved frequency architecture that works for streaming mode input signals is proposed. The second operates in time domain using Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters.The architectures of the digital block of the hardware simulator are implemented on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Virtex-IV from Xilinx. Their occupation on the FPGA, the accuracy of the output signals and their latency are analyzed and compared. Moreover, a new algorithm, based on an Auto-Scale Factor (ASF), is added for the time domain architecture. This algorithm improves the precision of the output signals
Mouginot, Jérémie. "Traitement et Analyse des Données du Radar MARSIS/Mars Express." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364323.
Full textLe traitement de ces données a principalement consisté à compenser la distorsion ionosphérique. Cette correction a permis de réaliser une mesure indirecte du contenu électronique de l'ionosphère. Grâce à ces mesures, nous avons pu étudier en détail l'ionosphère martienne. Nous avons ainsi montré que le champ magnétique rémanent modifiait la distribution des électrons de l'ionosphère en précipitant les particules du vent solaire le long des lignes de champ radiales.
Les radargrammes corrigés nous ont permis d'étudier en détail les calottes martiennes. Nous faisons le bilan du volume des calottes polaires de Mars en utilisant des outils numériques développés pour le pointage des interfaces. Nous montrons ainsi que le volume des calottes correspondrait à une couche d'eau d'environ 20 m d'épaisseur répartie sur toute la planète.
Nous étudions enfin la réflectivité de la surface martienne. Pour cela, nous avons extrait l'amplitude de l'écho de surface de chaque pulse MARSIS, puis, après avoir calibré ces mesures, nous avons créé une carte globale de l'albédo radar. Nous nous sommes attachés à décrire cette carte de réflectivité, d'abord de manière globale, puis plus localement autour de Medusae Fossae et de la calotte résiduelle sud. Nous montrons que la réflectivité décroît avec la latitude, cette constatation est surement liée à la présence d'un pergélisol lorsqu'on remonte vers les hautes latitudes. Près de l'équateur, nous observons que les formations de Medusae Fossae possèdent une constante diélectrique de 2,4+/-0.5 ce qui est caractéristique d'un terrain poreux et/ou riche en glace. Dans cette même région, nous montrons que, dans les plaines d'Elysium et Amazonis, la constante diélectrique est égale à 7\pm1 et nous observons une interface dans la plaine d'Amazonis à environ 140+/-20 m, notre conclusion est que ces résultats sont caractéristiques d'écoulements de lave. L'étude de la calotte résiduelle sud de Mars, à l'aide d'un modèle de réflectivité multi-couches, nous permet d'estimer l'épaisseur de CO2 qui couvre cette région à 11+/-1.5 m.
Heggy, Essam. "Etude et modélisation des performances des radars sondeurs basse fréquence pour la recherche de l'eau dans le sous-sol de Mars." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011598.
Full textMilla, Peinado Manuel. "Modélisation et validation expérimentale du canal de transmission radio sol-projectile pour la conception d'un transceiver numérique." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2326.
Full textThis thesis summarizes three years of work in the field of wideband characterization of the radio channel in projectile applications. The popularization of the miniaturized electronics has allowed the instrumentation of projectiles. The information gathered by the onboard sensors needs to be sent from the projectile to the base station as efficiently as possible by means of bi-directional communication links. In order to fulfill this requirement, it is fundamental to optimize every element in the communication chain. The channel, which is the medium where the radio wave propagation takes places, is one of the elements to be modeled. With the purpose of characterizing the radio channel in projectile applications, this thesis has been structured in five chapters: in chapter one and two, the general context of the thesis is presented, introducing the reader to this topic and giving the necessary elements to understand the rest of the manuscript. In chapter three, we address the problem of developing the necessary elements in order to characterize the propagation channel. The first contribution of this thesis is found here in the form of a set of procedures to perform channel modeling. In chapter four and five, we present our results. While chapter in chapter four a preliminary study of the channel is performed, in chapter five a complete characterization is given. The chapters ends with the presentation of the second contribution of this thesis, i.e.a channel model to be used in simulations in order to improve the projectile communication link. In a last stage, the conclusions and open questions are detailed
Moisan, Emmanuel. "Imagerie 3D du "tube entier" des tunnels navigables." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAD023/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to develop a 3D modeling method for canal-tunnels in service, in order to document them accurately. The survey of the structures is carried out dynamically from a boat, with a set of cameras above the water and a sonar for the submerged part. The construction of the 3D model must combine data acquired in two different environments, in the absence of a GPS signal to locate the measurement system. The proposed approach makes full use of the capabilities of photogrammetric computation, both to build the 3D model of the vault and to estimate the trajectory of the boat, which allows georefencing of sonar point profiles. The application of the process to field test data acquired in the Niderviller tunnel allowed a first 3D model to be obtained. The analysis of the method involved an innovative static sonar measurement technology, requiring the development of appropriate treatments. It enabled to assess the capacity of the sonar for canal surveying, to evaluate the trajectories estimated using photogrammetry and to compare quantitatively the obtained model with a previously constructed reference mode
Edel, Léo. "Vers une meilleure connaissance des précipitations en Arctique : utilisation de la télédétection spatiale micro-ondes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX108.
Full textBecause solid precipitation measurements at the surface are complex in Arctic, snowfall rates present significant differences between recent datasets. To further characterize arctic precipitation, microwave remote sensing is an appropriate tool. The radar observations onboard CloudSat provides rates of snowfall at the surface for a 4-years period. These retrievals are validated with in situ data, and compared to various datasets. Despite a good qualitative agreement, significant differences are observed, especially over Greenland. The regional reanalysis shows a better agreement with CloudSat retrievals than the global reanalysis, especially regarding the seasonnal distribution of snowfall rates. Then, CloudSat observations are used as a reference to evaluate the ability of passive microwave sounders to detect arctic snowfall for frequencies around 183 GHz. Detection is possible and relies mainly on brightness temperatures at 190 and 183 ± 3 GHz as well as the temperature near the surface and the integrated water vapor. A poor detection capability is observed in cold conditions and for light snowfall. Despite these limitations, the algorithm provides significant information for intense snowfalls, with good sampling due to its wide swath and long time series. Available for the last 20 years, passive microwave observations show a notable ability for a better characterization of arctic snowfall
Jalocha, Alain. "Etude d'un microscope optique a sonde locale en reflexion. Realisation et caracterisation des sondes utilisees." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA2025.
Full textLe, Conte Sandie. "Comparaison des données de réflectivité issues des sondeurs multifaisceaux, sondeurs de sédiments, et sismique HR3D." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00113506.
Full textAprès une validation du modèle de Eckart en laboratoire, qui prédit l'effet de la rugosité de l'interface sur le champ acoustique réfléchi via le paramètre de Rayleigh (mesure du rapport de la rugosité à la fréquence incidente), une nouvelle méthode de compression d'impulsion des données du sondeur de sédiments est proposée pour accéder à la dépendance fréquentielle du champ cohérent réfléchi, et ainsi à une estimation de l'écart-type de la rugosité de l'interface. Ce traitement conduit de plus à la détection de couche mince. Cette approche est par la suite appliquée sur un jeu de données de géophysique marine et les différentes réflectivités mesurées dans trois bandes de fréquence distinctes (102 H, 103 Hz, 104 Hz), peuvent être confrontées. La prise en compte du facteur de rugosité à l'échelle du sondeur de sédiment, associée à une méthode de déconvolution permet d'expliquer en partie, les différences entre les cartes de réflectivité obtenues à l'aide d'outils géotechniques différents.
Llort, Pujol Gérard. "Amélioration de la résolution spatiale des sondeurs multifaisceaux." Télécom Bretagne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TELB0063.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with the improvement of the spatial resolution for multibeam echosounders in order to reach similar bathymetric performances as sidescan sonars. To this end, the proposed bottom-detector algorithm aims at optimizing each step of the classical bathymetric processing chain by improving the beamforming technique and selecting the most convenient direction-finding method. Two well-known methods, namely interferometry and MUSIC algorithm, are confronted here according to a basic concept: the lowest computational time-cost together with an acceptable statistical behavior. Interferometry is widely used in cartographic applications to relate small phase shifts between two separate sensors to the wavefront arrival angle. From a computation point of view, apart from additional techniques to solve phase-jump problems, interferometry is computed through a simple conjugate product of the received signals. From a statistical point of view, the interferometric estimator is asymptotically unbiased, consistent and efficient when either the number of independent realizations or the signal-to-noise ratio increases. As far as high-resolution methods are concerned, they are based upon the eigen-decomposition of the covariance matrix. The use of several sensors to estimate the direction of arrival (DOA) of the backscattered signal allows them a great resolving capacity together with an excellent statistical behavior. In return, the large number of required operations results in a high computation time-cost and, therefore, a slow bottom detection. Consequently, interferometry is chosen as the DOA estimation core method because of its quick bottom detection together with its low variance when implemented to multibeam systems. The proposed 5-step bathymetric algorithm is based upon two main goals: 1) an increase of the number of independent soundings, and 2) an optimal baseline array configuration. The first goal is reached by taking into account as many samples per beam as possible, thus breaking with the traditional throughput of a single sample per beam. As a result, the proposed algorithm is able to detect more than one target per beam. The second goal is reached by analyzing the best array configuration in terms of minimal angular error. The resulting configuration is composed of narrow sub-arrays and a wide baseline, leading to the likely presence of phase discontinuities. In order to deal with the phase ambiguity removal, we propose to carry out the Vernier method instead of a classical unwrapping algorithm. Finally, the resulting bottom detector is illustrated with several data sets collected with three multibeam echosounders over different surveyed areas, in particular, a shipwreck inspection. Applied to this inspection, the high-resolution characteristic of the 5-step algorithm are enhanced, proving its multitarget-detection property through the detection of part of an in-water mooring cable, a shipwreck hull and the underlying seafloor from a single beamforming
Remy, Charlotte. "Synthèse et étude de récepteurs moléculaires fluorescents pour la détection de molécules neutres." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN070/document.
Full textThe detection of molecules toxic for man and his environment is one of the major concerns of our society. Melamine and the pesticide residues such as atrazine are some of these dangerous molecules. These two molecules are usually measured with time-consuming and costly techniques like mass-spectrometry, chromatography or electrochemistry. In the same way, the detection of biogenic amines is of the greatest importance. They are produced by some bacteria during the decarboxylation of amino acids in the cells. So their detection allows to assess the microbiologic contamination and the potential degradation of a food. Today they are measured by chromatography in the liquid or gas phase, capillary electrochromatography and UV-visible spectroscopy. Some examples of detection by fluorescence have been described in scientific literature, but it is really necessary to develop some new efficient fluorescent receptors.Fluorescence is a technique which offers many advantages such as sensitivity, selectivity and a low cost. A lot of fluorescent probes able to detect heavy metals have been developed in PPSM laboratory. However the detection of neutral molecules by fluorescence represents an additional challenge as the interaction is weaker than with charged species.The first step of this thesis was to design and synthesize a set of fluorescent molecular probes designed to detect atrazine, the products of its degradation and melamine derivatives as well as biogenic amines. Some fluorophores based on maleimide, naphtalimide and barbituric acid moieties have been developed for the detection of the triazines derivatives by exploiting their three hydrogen bonds for molecular recognition. In order to detect the presence of biogenic amines, a fluorescent calix[6]arene which lead to a fluorescent change upon encapsulation in the calixarene cavity has been designed.The second step consisted in studying the photophysical properties of these probes. Naphth-AlcyneOMe probe which has a high quantum yield turned out to be highly solvatochromic. Moreover it is sensitive to the deprotonation of its imide function. NMR studies and molecular modeling were conducted in order to deepen the characteristics of the probes and better understand their reactivity. NMR spectroscopy confirmed the interaction through hydrogen bonding between maleimide and naphtalimide probes and the atrazine molecule.It highlighted the encapsulation of heptylamine in the calix[6]arene. Molecular modeling enabled us to better understand the photophysics of Naphth-TriazoleOMe probe.Finally the capacity of probes to detect the various analytes by fluorescence was assessed in our last part. TPA-BARB probe presented a high exaltation of fluorescence in presence of melamine derivatives whereas the calix[6]arène-quinoleine Calix-Quino is able to detect aliphatic amines by fluorescence
Gilet, Nicolas. "Modélisation et calibration des sondes à impédance mutuelle : Application à la sonde MIP à bord de Rosetta et préparation de BepiColombo et JUICE." Thesis, Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3020.
Full textMutual impedance probes operates in space plasma to caracterize the electron density and temperature. Based on active in-situ measurements, they were on-boarded spacecraft in the early 1960s to analyze the terrestrial plasmas. In recent years, they have been used in new plasmas such as the cometary plasma of 67P/Churuymov-Gerasimenko (Rosetta mission, 2004-2016) and will operate in the plasma environment of Mercury (BepiColombo mission, launched in 2018) and Jupiter and its moons (JUICE mission, launch planned for 2022).The main goal of this thesis is to develop new methods to model the instrumental response of these probes in order to take into account the plasma conditions encountered by the exploratory space missions. Thanks to this modeling, it was possible to characterize a mix of several electron populations in the cometary environment of 67P from the RPC-MIP dataset. This modeling also enables to understand and identify the effects of the Rosetta spacecraft on the in-situ measurements. Finally, we modelled the instrumental response in the plasma conditions expected for the PWI/AM2P (resp. RPWI/MIME) probe in the Hermean environment (resp. in the Jovian system). The modeling enables to caracterize the plasma parameters on mutual impedance measurements by choosing the most efficient operational mode and helping the future data processing
Damon, François. "Sonder des structures complexes avec des ondes de matière." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30342/document.
Full textThis thesis presents the studies that I did at the Laboratoire de Physique Théorique. It concerns the interaction between matter waves and time and space depandant optical lattices. Using such lattices allows one to manipulate coherently the dynamical properties of ultra cold atoms. This theoretical study has been done in collaboration with the Cold Atoms group at the LCAR laboratory. The spatial variations of the lattice envelope locally create spatial gaps which create a Bragg cavity for matter waves. We have st udied in detail their properties and the cavity has been realized experimentally by using a Ru bid ium 85 Bose-Einstein condensate in a wave guide. We have also studied the propagation of an atomic cloud in a bichromatic optical lattice which allows us to make a quantum simulator of the Harper madel. The spectrum of the system Hamiltonian· posseses a fractal dimension which can be numerically characterized. We have also shawn that it is possible to use the repulsive interatomic interaction of a Bose-Einstein condensate in arder to amplify the momentum-position correlation during propagation in a guide. Our st udy shows that a mesure of local dynamical quantities of the atomic cloud enables one to experimentally probe resonances of an optical potential down to the picoKelvin scale. At last, an atomic cloud with attractive interactions admit a stable solution, the soliton. We have numerically demonstrated that this soliton can be used to probe bound states of a potential by populating those states through a scattering experiment, for example surface states
Guitel, Robin. "Développement d'une sonde et d'une méthode expérimentale pour la génération d'ondes guidées pures dans les structures aéronautiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7978.
Full textBESVEL, FRANCOIS. "Sondes intercalantes d'acides nucleiques." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR10691.
Full textLABARELLE, MARC. "Etude de sondes d'intercalation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13067.
Full textGrosso, Dorian. "Des atomes froids pour sonder et manipuler des photons piégés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066572/document.
Full textThe subject of my thesis was the construction of a new cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED) setup. This setup allowed us to achieve a long interaction time between circular Rydberg states and a few photons confined inside a high-finesse supraconductor cavity. A cold atoms source produces a slow atomic beam of atoms with a mean velocity of about 12 m.s$^{-1}$ wich cross the cavity. With a few milisecond interaction time we are able to perform quantum Zeno dynamics (QZD) on the field. This evidently non-classical dynamics constitute an elegant tool to manipulate and synthetize arbitrary superpositions of quasi-classical Glauber states. Thanks to the anaharmonisity of the spectrum this can be achieved $via$ a probe pulse used for measurement, providing in a binary way the complete information to decide if there are $n_{0}$ photons in the cavity or not. Thanks to our long interaction time we are able to resolve the dressed states. In this work we describe the first results attesting our abily to achieve a long interaction time. Particularly, we report a long Rabi vacuum oscillation and the spectrum of the dressed states for different cavity fields. Finaly we characterize the efficiency with wich we can select a Fock state using the interaction with only one atom. This thesis paves the way to study QZD on the cavity field
Pouliquen, Eric. "Identification des fonds marins superficiels a l'aide de signaux d'echo-sondeurs." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077158.
Full textKasimir, Elke. "On 'nicht...sondern...' (contrastive 'not...but...')." Universität Potsdam, 2006. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1953/.
Full textBretheau, Landry. "Excitations Localisées dans des Contacts Atomiques Supraconducteurs : SONDER LE DOUBLET D'ANDREEV." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00862029.
Full textBröcher, Joachim. "Kunsttherapie als Chance erfolgreiche ästhetisch-gestalterische Verfahren in (sonder-)pädagogischen Handlungsfeldern." Heidelberg Winter, 1997. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2758698&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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