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1
Mountjoy, Donald James. "Male song and sexual selection in the European starling." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41726.
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The function of the complex song of the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) was examined. Song playback experiments showed that both male and female starlings were attracted by song, and complex song inhibited males from entering nestboxes. Wild starlings (at least two years old when first recorded) showed extensive changes in the composition of their song phrase repertoires and most also increased the size of their repertoires, which will result in a correlation between age and repertoire size in this species. Females prefer males that have more complex song, and this preference remained significant when preferences for certain nest sites were controlled. Males with larger repertoires did not spend more time incubating or make more feeding visits to nestlings than did males with smaller repertoires. The evolution of complex song in the European starling is consistent with an age-indicator model of sexual selection, in which aspects of male quality correlated with age are advertised by the complexity of male song.
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Buchanan, Katherine L. "Song and sexual selection in the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus)." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543263.
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Marshall, Rupert Charles. "Song, paternity and genetic diversity in the sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246800.
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Gerolami, Mark T. ""I love this bar" working class expression through karaoke song selection /." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1167928429.
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Gil, Diego. "Song characteristics and sexual selection in the willow warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15072.
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In many species of birds, males have complex song repertoires, which are used in the context of breeding. The succinct rationale of the research done in this thesis is the following paradox; assuming that song repertoires are costly to produce and store, why do males have repertoires of songs rather than a single song? A possible reason is that, if only males of good quality or in good condition are able to produce these repertoires, good quality males would outweigh the costs of the repertoire by increased benefits in mating success. I studied this issue in a population of willow warblers (Pbylloscopus trocbilus). I found some evidence that repertoire size was correlated with male quality. Male age was found to correlate with repertoire size, and there was a positive correlation between repertoire size and survival. The probability of a male having an offspring recruiting into the population was also correlated with repertoire size. Number of fledglings was positively correlated with repertoire size, even when the effect of arrival date was taken into account. However, female choice bore no relation to repertoire size. Females patted first with early arriving males. Females did not use repertoire size either when choosing extra-pair partners. Another characteristic, song length, seemed to be behind this choice, and males with short songs were more likely to be cuckolded. The effects of song repertoires in male-male competition were examined by means of a playback experiment. The results did not provide conclusive evidence of an effect of repertoire in male-male competition. Taken together, the evidence gathered in this thesis suggests that, although repertoire size correlates with several measures of male quality in this species, the maintenance of this trait does not seem to be based on a disproportionally higher mating benefit.
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Essak, Martha. "Patterns and drivers of selection on laying date in song sparrows (Melospiza melodia)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45677.
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Natural selection in the wild has been extensively researched, but few studies have identified the abiotic and biotic drivers of selection or quantified their influence. I characterized and quantified annual selection on laying date in the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population of Mandarte Island, British Columbia over 35 years. Selection was approximately linear for annual reproductive success (ARS) and over-winter survival based on cubic splines visualization of fitness surfaces. Fecundity selection (recruited offspring) was roughly 10 times stronger (-0.271 ± 0.031, mean ± SE) than viability selection (-0.028 ± 0.043, mean ± SE). Since opposing selection could constrain evolution, I used multiple measures of fitness, including fecundity measured at sequential offspring life stages, and female over-winter survival, to test if selection was complementary or opposing. Selection favored early breeding through all fitness measures and was therefore complementary. The strength of fecundity selection on recruits was 1.43 times stronger than selection on nestlings, indicating that the effects of early laying were additive and accumulated over time. Despite strong selection and moderate heritability (h² = 0.16), there has been no phenotypic advance of laying date in this population from 1975 to 2010. I also investigated several potential drivers of selection including density, spring temperature, precipitation and the intensity of brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and determined their relative influence on fecundity and viability selection. I found that density was the most influential driver of fecundity selection, and that selection favoring early breeding increased in magnitude at high population density and high intensities of brood parasitism. Because population density and the age and inbreeding structure of this population are correlated, I also included each of these variables as a covariate in calculation of selection differentials, and found weaker selection for some fitness measures. A climate index representing precipitation during the pre-laying period was the most influential driver of over-winter viability selection, with early breeding favored in winters preceded by warm, dry springs, and late breeding favored in winters preceded by cool, wet springs.
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Spivak, Mary Amanda. "An Annotated Guide to the Songs of Karl Goldmark." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/89.
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The purpose of this study was to examine and provide a pedagogical content analysis of the published songs of Karl Goldmark (1830-1915), an Austrian composer from the Romantic Era. The songs' characteristics were evaluated to determine the level of singer for which they would be appropriate. The creation of an annotation format was devised for the analysis of each song including the areas of subject matter, difficulty level, range, tessitura, tempo indication, duration, and unique characteristics of the vocal line and the piano line. The detailed entries provide an easy and accurate evaluation of the individual songs in order for the voice teacher to assess their value for each student, with particular attention to their suitability for the beginning, intermediate and advanced singer. These levels generally correspond to freshman or sophomore, junior or senior, and graduate student, respectively. The results indicate a division of difficulty level among all of the songs, with moderate difficulty being the most common. It has also been concluded that there are valuable songs for all levels of student. Areas for further study are included.
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Suvanto, L. (Leena). "Mate choice and genetic variation in male courtship song in Drosophila montana." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 1999. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514251911.
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Abstract
This thesis deals with factors affecting mate choice as well
as with genetic variation in male courtship song in Drosophila
montana. Males, which produced song with a high carrier
frequency, were found to court females, and also to succeed in
their courtship more often than the males producing low frequency
song. Male mating success correlated with the carrier frequency
of his song recorded after, but not before, an "artificial
winter", which suggests that a sexually selected male
trait is sensitive to environmental factors. A high carrier frequency
of male courtship song correlated positively with the survival
rate of the male's progeny from egg to adulthood (indirect
benefit for the female), but not with the fecundity of his mating
partner (no direct benefit for the female).
The heritabilities and the amount of additive and residual
variation in male courtship song characters were measured in two
populations using father-son regression and sib analysis. The songs
of the males from one of these populations were analysed for a
second time after the cold treatment. Most heritability values
were insignificant, largely due to high residual variation. During
the cold treatment, the additive variation increased and the residual
variation decreased in almost all song traits. Increased variation
in sexually selected traits may help the females to exercise selection between
the males during the mating season of the flies in the wild in
spring. This, and the fact that male song gives the female information
about the male's condition/genetic quality suggests
that in this species the evolution of female preferences for male
song characters could have evolved through condition-dependent
viability selection as postulated by "good genes" models.
Variation and inbreeding depression/heterosis were
studied in traits associated with fly reproduction using inbred
D. montana strains. Songs, hydrocarbons and some behavioural traits
of the flies varied significantly between strains. The strain of
both sexes affected female egg-laying, and the female strain, also,
the survival rate of the flies' progeny, in different
intra- and interspecific combinations. Heterosis was found in the
mating propensity of the flies and in the carrier frequency of
the male song. Diallel analysis revealed unidirectional dominance
towards higher carrier frequency. This direction is the same as
the direction of sexual selection exercised by the females of this
species suggesting that sexual selection could be a driving force
in evolution of this song trait.
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Sprague, Casey. "Relative Importance of Male Song on Female Mate Selection in the Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia Guttata)." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/488.
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In the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), song and its social context play an important role in female mate selection. The song of the zebra finch is unique in that it can only be produced by males, which makes the species ideal for analyzing the components of male song that influence female song preference and mate selection. There are three consistent features of zebra finch song that affect female mate preference: 1) the amount of time a male sings, 2) the size and complexity of his song repertoire, and 3) the structural conformation to species or population norms (reviewed in Nowicki et al. 2002). During courtship, male zebra finches often express ‘static-visual’ and ‘dynamic-visual’ elements in sync with song (Morris 1954), which would suggest that such behaviors also play a role in influencing female mate preference. However, with courtship comes the competition between males for the attention of potential mates. These agonistic interactions between males act settle disputes over access to mates, and as such, are also likely to influence female mate selection. As follows, we predict that, at the initial onset of courtship, there would be a higher prevalence of male-to-female courting interactions and singing behavior in comparison to male-to-male agonistic tendencies if female mate selection is fundamentally determined by song preference. However if female mate selection is more complicated than simple song preference, we would expect to initially observe a higher number of agonistic interactions between males as they compete for dominance. This hypothesis was tested by recording and analyzing the behavioral interactions between male and female zebra finches in the context of song complexity. We found that different males scored higher for song complexity than those for expression of courtship behaviors, which indicates that different elements of male courtship display likely influence female mate preference. Our data comparing male-to-male interactions and male-to-female interactions within the first 30 minutes after introduction was statistically insignificant, suggesting that female mate selection is more complicated than simple song preference. This preliminary research can be used as a basis for future studies using quantitative movement tracking analysis, which would further strengthen these initial observations. By increasing our understanding of the influence the male song has on female mate selection, we can better expound upon the nature and function of the favored traits that male songbirds possess and the benefits that females and their progeny might gain from choosing a male with these particular attributes.
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Charalambous, Magda. "Genetics of song and female preference in the grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus (Orthoptera: acridae) : sexual selection and the mate recognition system." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254497.
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Borek, Matthew Michael. "An Analysis of the Selection and Distribution of Knowledge in Massachusetts Music Teacher Preparation Programs: The Song Remains the Same." Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2908.
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Thesis advisor: Andrew HargreavesMusic teachers occupy a conflicted and contested position in many secondary schools, and music teacher education programs have been given the task of preparing students to enter this challenging environment. This qualitative dissertation study examined the explicit, implicit, and null curricula of music teacher preparation programs in Massachusetts, the processes involved in determining those curricula and the consequences of selecting certain music education content over others. Degree requirements and course descriptions were analyzed across all undergraduate music teacher preparation programs. In addition, a survey was administered to music and education faculty in all programs and members of five institutions participated in interviews. The explicit curriculum in most music teacher preparation programs emphasized the knowledge and skills of performance, specifically the performance of Western art music, as well as the isolation of music content knowledge from pedagogical knowledge. The implicit message delivered by the explicit curriculum was that advanced musical study was intended for the few, and that popular music, world music, and other genres that deviated from the western art music tradition (i.e. - the null curriculum) were of less value. Using Bernstein's and Young's theories from the sociology of knowledge, Goodson's theory of the status and evolution of school subjects, and Siskin's and Ball and Lacey's work in the culture of secondary school subjects as the theoretical framework, the position of music education was explained as a conflicted content area that demonstrated traits of both high- and low-status subjects. Music education's geographic isolation from general education faculty was magnified by the conflicting views that music educators held when compared with their music performance counterparts. The knowledge boundaries of music content had been defended for centuries, and music education's attempt to redefine what counts as valid music and music education knowledge was met with resistance from those who benefited from the familiarity offered by the conservatory-style model of postsecondary musical study. One outlier was identified, a program whose performance emphasis was not based on western art music. Tradition and reform proved to be challenging dual goals for music educators
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction
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Ruborg, Daniel. ""Det är viktigt att låten är bra!" - Lärares motiveringar kring låtval för kursen instrument eller sång på gymnasiet : "It's important that the song is good!" - Teachers justifications about the song selection for the course instruments or singing in high school." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik (PED), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44072.
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Är det självklart vilka låtar som skall behandlas under musiklektionerna? Är en bra låt alltid en bra låt när det kommer till själva lärandet? Denna uppsats fokuserar och tar upp just detta. Vad tycker och värderar musiklärare som viktigt när de väljer låtar och repertoar för kursen Instrument eller sång på gymnasiet? Detta kopplas sedan samman med Lucy Greens teorier kring det informella och formella lärandet, som till exempel handlar om elevers egna inflytande över musiken och deras egna inflytande över musiklektionernas repertoar. Denna uppsats är främst grundad i kvalitativa metoder. De utvalda lärarnas tankar och idéer är insamlat ifrån en internet - enkät där frågorna var mer eller mindre öppna. Uppsatsen tar enbart upp de utvalda musiklärarnas perspektiv på syftet och frågeställningen. Resultaten visar att lärarna väljer deras material/repertoar mycket efter vad som skall behandlas och tas upp enligt styrdokument och läroplan. Det informella lärandet i klassrummet är mer eller mindre lika synligt och styrande som det formella lärandet. Resultaten visar också på att musiklärarna i min studie inte samarbetar och samtalar med varandra när det kommer till faktorer som handlar om musikval och repertoar. Dock är deras tankar och funderingar kring vad som är viktigt när det gäller musik och repertoar i klassrummet väldigt lika varandras.
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Anichini, Marianna. "To be “Pavarotti” in a crowded concert hall? Song competition between bushcricket males in natural choruses." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/20401.
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Bei vielen Laubheuschreckenarten produzieren nur die Männchen Gesänge, hauptsächlich um arteigene Weibchen anzulocken und sich mit Rivalen zu messen. Die Produktion der durch sexuelle Selektion ausgewählten akustischen Signale kostet das singende Männchen Energie. Die Gesangsleistung kann aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Körperqualität von Männchen zu Männchen variieren, was zu relevanten Konsequenzen für das Ergebnis der sexuellen Selektion führt.
In dieser Arbeit soll die Auswirkung sexueller Selektion auf sekundäre Merkmale der Männchen untersucht werden, wie die Größe der Organe zur Schallproduktion und die Struktur akustischer Signale. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Faktoren, die die Qualität des Signalgebers und die Zusammensetzung des sozialen Umfelds bestimmen. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, werden zwei Laubheuschreckenarten Poecilimon ampliatus und Poecilimon v. veluchianus untersucht.
Die morphologischen Befunde zeigen, dass die positive Selektion auf klangproduzierende Strukturen mit der Präferenz von Weibchen für schwerere Männchen übereinstimmt und daher Rückschlüsse von der Körpermasse der Männchen auf die Größe der schallerzeugenden Organe gezogen werden können. Die Ergebnisse der akustischen Daten betonen die entscheidende Relevanz der Kombination verschiedener Umweltfaktoren. Sie zeigen, wie Männchen auf akustische Signale reagieren, die von benachbarten Konkurrenten erzeugt werden, indem sie ihre Signalerzeugung kohärent an die Stärke der Konkurrenz und ihren persönlichen energetischen Status anpassen. Männchen beider Arten zeigen eine interindividuelle Variation in der Fähigkeit, ihre Signalproduktion anzupassen, die sowohl durch Faktoren wie die Körpermasse des Männchens und der Populationsdichte beeinflusst wird. In zukünftigen Untersuchungen könnte der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie Männchen in der Natur von ihrer Kondition abhängige Signale und alternative Verhaltensstrategien entwickeln.Behaviours and structures related to mating are under sexual selection. Due to their costs, these traits honestly reflect the quality of the signaller. Using structures located on the wings, bushcricket males signal to attract females and repel rivals. Sound performance can vary between individuals of different body conditions, leading to relevant consequences for the outcome of sexual selection. This thesis aims to investigate the effect of sexual selection on secondary male traits, such as the size of sound production organs and the structure of acoustic signals. The focus is on the factors that determine the quality of the signaller and the composition of the social environment. To fulfil the aims, two bushcrickets species were used: Poecilimon ampliatus and Poecilimon v. veluchianus. In P. ampliatus, sexual selection plays a role in determining the size of morphological structures that are responsible for producing female-preferred acoustic signals. A positive relationship between body condition and size of sound-producing organs was found. Heavier and larger males had larger wing and longer stridulatory file with disproportionally longer and less dense stridulatory teeth. A further effect of sexual selection is highlighted during the acoustic contest. In both species, only heavy males shown plasticity in acoustic behaviour. Moreover, the sound produced in competition honestly reflects the males’ body condition. In P. ampliatus heavier males signal at higher effort than lighter males and increased their activity when the light rival was placed at a closer distance. In P. v. veluchianus heavy males increased their signal activity only when the number of light rivals increased. Future endeavour will be to study how males in nature evolve condition-dependent signalling and alternative behavioural strategies.
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Miller, Ashley M. "Analyzing Songs Used for Lyric Analysis With Mental Health Consumers Using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) Software." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/music_etds/88.
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Lyric analysis is one of the most commonly used music therapy interventions with the mental health population, yet there is a gap in the research literature regarding song selection. The primary purpose of this study was to determine distinguishing linguistic characteristics of song lyrics most commonly used for lyric analysis with mental health consumers, as measured by LIWC2015 software. A secondary purpose was to provide an updated song list resource for music therapists and music therapy students working with the mental health population. The researcher emailed a survey to 6,757 board-certified music therapists, 316 of whom completed the survey. Respondents contributed 700 different songs that they deemed most effective for lyric analysis with mental health consumers. The researcher used the LIWC2015 software to analyze the 48 songs that were listed by five or more music therapists. Song lyrics contained linguistic indicators of self-focused attention, present-focused attention, poor social relationships, and high cognitive processing. Lyrics were written in an informal, personal, and authentic style. Some lyrics were more emotionally positive, while others were more emotionally negative. While results must be interpreted with caution, it may be helpful to consider linguistic elements when choosing songs for lyric analysis with mental health consumers.
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Graf, Astrid. "Influencing habitat selection and use through conspecific attraction and supplementary feeding." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1061.
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Bellbirds (Anthornis melanura) are one of two endemic honeyeaters in New Zealand. They are still common in many parts of the country, but also rare and absent in some areas where they were abundant before. Together with tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandia) bellbirds are responsible for avian pollination of several native plants in New Zealand. Habitat fragmentation and geographical constraints prevent bellbirds from re-occupying formerly inhabited areas. After translocations birds often disperse; some just disappear, some are thought to fly back to their source site and probably many die. Supplementary feeding provides energy rich food, which helps to ensure birds are well-nourished until they can discover natural food sources at the release sites. Conspecific song playback as an attractant for many bird species can be used as public information about high habitat value and additionally lure birds to good food sources and nest sites. Artificial feeding stations were set up at 18 locations in Kennedy's Bush, Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand. Feeders filled with sugar water were available for five to six consecutive days and during observation hours the effect of song playback was tested. Variation in bird numbers resulting from experimental treatments was recorded using five-minute bird counts prior to treatments and additional counts every minute of observation time. Bellbird numbers varied strongly with habitat types, showing highest numbers for dense and tall bush areas and close to creeks and lowest for open areas besides pasture and in post-flowering flax fields. Bellbird numbers increased when song was broadcast, with the strongest effect in areas where bellbird numbers were moderate or low, but not in areas where bellbirds were absent. Feeding stations were not observed to be used by bellbirds. The strong response in bellbird numbers to conspecific song playback proved the attractiveness of song for bellbirds. Nevertheless, its function as a lure for bellbirds to artificial feeding stations was not shown. This contrasting result indicates that the use of bellbird song as an enticement for bellbirds has to be investigated further.
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Richter, Roman. "Inovativní přehrávač hudby pro chytré telefony a PC." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445556.
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The goal of this thesis is to create a music player for smartphones as well as PCs that works with local music files in the user's device and which can learn which songs does the user like based on their actions during listening to music. The music player can, among other things, remember which songs were skipped by the user, when was volume turned up, or how many times was a certain song played. Each song has a score that is calculated based on these actions. With a higher score, there is also a higher chance of playing the song in the future. The results of my thesis are two full-featured versions of music player, which are capable of communication with each other to ensure synchronization of song scores. The main benefit of this thesis is an improvement of user experience during listening to music, which is achieved by the application's algorithm for song selection and minimalistic user interface.
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Moon, Jinyoung. "Selective accrual and dynamics of proteinaceous compounds during pedogenesis: testing source and sink selection hypotheses." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77030.
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The emerging evidence of preferential accumulation and long residence time of proteinaceous compounds in soil are counter to the traditional view that their structure is readily broken down through microbial activity. The shift in thinking of their residence time is, however, heavily influenced by physical and chemical protections in soil, representing an important change for understanding global biogeochemical carbon and nitrogen cycling. We investigated the accumulation patterns of proteinogenic amino acids for a long term (thousands of years) related to their sources and sinks. We found clear patterns of change in the amino acids in a 4000 year-chronosequence adjacent to Lake Michigan, USA (Michigan chronosequence) and they were tightly related to the shifts in their biological sources, namely aboveground vegetative community (r2=0.66, p<0.0001) and belowground microbial community (r2=0.71, p<0.0001). Results also showed great variations of approximately 49% between seasons (summer and winter). Moreover, seasonal dynamic patterns (22% variations) of the amino acids in soil mineral associated fraction were rather counter to the conceptual view that it represents a slow soil organic pool with long residence times. The amino acids enriched in the mineral associated fraction, (e.g., positively charged, aromatic, and sulfur containing amino acids), tended to preferentially accumulate in whole soil pool during the 4000 years of ecosystem development. Their interaction with soil minerals, therefore, may play a critical role in the long-term sink and selective accumulation of proteinaceous compounds with some degree of the displacement. This was further confirmed by another chronosequence system near Haast River, New Zealand, which is geologically separated and climatically- and ecologically- different from the Michigan chronosequence. Common trends between two chronosequences suggested that either polar interactions or redox reactions may be relatively more important in the mineral interaction of amino acids than non-polar interactions. The consistency of results at two disparate locations in the southern and northern hemispheres is strong evidence that the processes of pedogenesis and ecosystem development are parsimonious and predictable. Our research demonstrated fundamental understanding of behavior of proteinaceous compounds at the molecular species level, and further provided their partitioning mechanisms associated with soil components.Ph. D.
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Dixon, Wendy. "Selection procedures relating to Australian vocal repertoire for mid-adolescent HSC performers." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1590.
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Thesis (M. Mus. (Mus. Ed.)--University of Sydney, 2006.Title from title screen (viewed 19 March 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music (Music Education) to the Sydney Conservatorium of Music. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued in print format.
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Ringer, Rebecca Scharlene. "Beyond the "Year of Song": Text and Music in the Song Cycles of Robert Schumann after 1848." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3622.
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Wyatt, Susan Beth Masters. "Kurt Weill: a Song Composer in Wartime with Three Recitals of Selected Works of Mozart, Strauss, Bach, Schubert, and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277791/.
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During World War II the composer Kurt Weill was in America writing for the Broadway stage. On August 27, 1943, he became an American citizen and was eager to volunteer his talent to the American war effort. Among his many wartime musical contributions are fourteen songs, all with war-related texts, which can be divided into three distinct groups: the American propaganda songs (8), the German propaganda songs (2), and the Walt Whitman songs (4). It is the purpose of this paper to present a comparative analysis of a representative group of these war songs (two from each group) in order to illustrate Weill's musical versatility. The American propaganda songs were written in a purely popular song style; sung by Broadway actors; directed toward an American audience; with texts by the Broadway lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II and the Hollywood movie executive Howard Dietz. The German propaganda songs were written in a cabaret song style; sung in German by Weill's wife, Lotte Lenya; directed toward a German audience behind enemy lines; with texts by the German playwright Bertolt Brecht and the German cabaret writer Walter Mehring. The Four Walt Whitman Songs were written in a classical art song style; sung by classically trained singers; directed toward a general audience; with texts by the nineteenth-century American poet Walt Whitman. After an initial discussion of Weill's early musical training and career in Europe, his exile from Germany, his reception in America, and his contributions to the American war effort, each group of war songs is analyzed musically, textually, vocally, in reference to the audience to whom it was directed, and with regards to vocal performance practice. Comparisons and conclusions are then drawn. Kurt Weill's war songs are valuable for musical study, both in terms of examining his ability to write equally well in various musical styles and as an opportunity to learn more about music and society during the turbulent years' of World War II.
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Lin, Yanyan. "The Art Songs of Huang Zi: A Selective Study." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1594938239554979.
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Mierowska, Jean Elaine Nora. "The ballads of Carl Loewe : examined within their cultural, human and aesthetic context." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/2310/1/MIEROWSKA-PhD(Music)-TR90-50.pdf.
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This thesis has been written in order to provide, especially for the non-German-reading musician,
a fuller picture of Loewe and his ballads than has been available up to now. This picture is developed within the literary background history of the ballad poems, and the literary, mental, and musical climate at the beginning of the Romantic era; further, Loewe's life, as revealed in
his many letters, his diaries, and his autobiography, provides the human context from which the ballads emerge as a logical extension of his personality. These earlier parts of the thesis have considerable bearing on the appreciation of Loewe's timely position in musical history, treating
as they do with the popularity of the ballad poems, the rapid expansion of the means of musical/emotional expression, and the complete acceptance of that most romantic and versatile of soloinstruments, the piano.
Loewe's temperamental affinity with the poetry of the ballads is shown to have affected his choice of subject, and in many cases the ultimate quality of the music is obviously dependent upon the strength or otherwise of his attraction.
After observations on Loewe's vocal and piano writing, the thesis treats the ballads primarily with regard to their feeling and emotional content, and investigates the musical means by which this is conveyed. Categories are suggested, and ballads of similar dramatic, pictorial, or emotional
type are discussed and compared.
Certain formal characteristics are examined, in particular Loewe's use of highly organised motivic work in certain ballads, which foreshadows its later use by Liszt, Wagner and others.
Over one hundred of Loewe's 120 ballads are dealt with, some in extensive detail~ and copious musical examples are given. The few comparatively well-known ballads receive due attention, but it was regarded as important to bring to light some of the more neglected or unknown ballads,
many of which possess great beauty and originality, amply repaying study and, still more, performance.
As a corollary, the approach of the performer is considered, and the Conclusion argues for an informed :esthetic appreciation of Loewe's ballads and their place in teday' s vocal repertoire.
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Gregg, Thomas Andrew. "Song composers and their poetry choices : an analysis of the literary background and textual selections of twelve composers." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1241188637.
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Brock, Nathan Brock Nathan Brock Nathan Brock Nathan. "Two scenes from Beowulf ; and, selections from the Tesserae/Tesseract cycle /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3282869.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007.Selections from a cantata for TBarB soloists, large chorus, chamber orchestra, and percussion ensemble, and three pieces from a projected cycle for soprano, flute, and string trio. Words to Beowulf adapted by the composer from Seamus Heaney's translation; also printed as text preceding score on p. 6-30. Words to Tesserae/Tesseract use poem by the composer, both as text and as the source of additional phonemes used by the singer. Vita. Accompanying disc is recorded DVD-R and contains complete text of dissertation, all scores, and master-quality and CD-quality audio tracks.
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Bell, Jeffery E. "American musical theater songs in the undergraduate vocal studio : a survey of current practice, guidelines for repertoire selection, and pedagogical analyses of selected songs." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1026700.
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American musical theater songs are popular with the general public, and many college and university voice students are familiar with them. Some voice teachers also use musical theater repertoire to varying degrees in voice instruction. Such familiarity and interest lend significance to this study of the songs in a teaching context. There is therefore a need for the establishment of repertoire-selection guidelines and pedagogical analysis of selected musical theater songs so that additional teachers will become well informed.Following the introduction in Chapter One, the results of a survey sent to one hundred members of the National Association of Teachers of Singing are presented. The survey posed questions concerning the current use of musical theater songs. Among other things, the results revealed strong interest in the analysis and application of this literature in the voice studio. Guidelines for repertoire selection (also used by the author in selecting songs that address specific aspects of singing) are introduced in Chapter Three, along with a description of analytical procedures. Chapters Four through Eight include summaries of the analyses and suggested applications in the voice studio:Developing the ability to sing longer phrases"You'll Never Walk Alone" (Rodgers)"Where Is Love?" (Bart)"After the Ball" (Harris)• Developing the ability to sing wide intervals in a legato fashion "Lost in the Stars" (Weill)"Warm All Over" (Loesser)"Green Finch and Linnet Bird" (Sondheim)•Developing the ability to articulate words rapidly "My Darling, My Darling" (Loesser) "Seventy-Six Trombones" (Willson) "Soliloquy" (Rodgers)•Developing the ability to move smoothly between registers "Someone to Watch Over Me" (Gershwin) "Where or When" (Rodgers) "O1' Man River" (Kern)•Managing a large range and mature quality "Maria" (Bernstein)"Memory" (Lloyd Webber) "One More Kiss" (Sondheim)Conclusions in Chapter Nine include: (1) teachers should judge musical theater songs by the same criteria as other songs; (2) musical theater literature offers useful material for students who are striving to develop certain aspects of singing; (3) analyses of selected songs demonstrate their suitability for pedagogical use; and (4) there is a need for additional critical analysis of musical theater literature.School of Music
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Jorge, Lúcio André de Castro. "Metodologia de fusão de vídeos e sons para monitoração de comportamento de insetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-19102011-110608/.
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Este trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para fusão de vídeo e som diretamente no espaço de atributos visando otimizar a identificação do comportamento de insetos. Foi utilizado o detector de Harris para rastreamento dos insetos, assim como a técnica inovadora Wavelet-Multifractal para análise de som. No caso da Wavelet-Multifractal, foram testadas várias Wavelet-mães, sendo a Morlet a melhor escolha para sons de insetos. Foi proposto a Wavelet Módulo Máximo para extrair atributos multifractais dos sons para serem utilizados no reconhecimento de padrões de comportamento de insetos. A abordagem Wrapper de mineração de dados foi usada para selecionar os atributos relevantes. Foi constatado que a abordagem Wavelet-multifractal identifica melhor os sons, particularmente no caso de distorções provocadas por ruídos. As imagens foram responsáveis pela identificação de acasalamento e os sons pelos outros comportamentos. Foi também proposto um novo método do triângulo como representação simplificada do espectro multifractal visando simplificação do processamento.This work presents an innovative video and sound fusion approach by feature subset selection under the space of attributes to optimally identify insects behavior. Harris detector was used for insect movement tracking and an innovative technique of Multifractal-Wavelet was used to analyze the insect sounds. In the case of Multifractal-Wavelet, more than one mother-wavelet was tested, being the Morlet wavelet the best choice of mother-wavelet for insect sounds. The wavelet modulus maxima was proposed to extract multifractal sound attributes to be used in pattern recognition of an insect behavior. The wrapper data mining approach was used to select relevant attributes. It has been found that, in general, wavelet-multifractal based schemes perform better for sound, particularly in terms of minimizing noise distortion influence. The image features only determine the mating and the sound other behaviors. A new triangle representation of multifractal spectrum was proposed as a processing simplification.
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Kashyap, Ridhi. "The dynamics of prenatal sex selection and excess female child mortality in contexts with son preference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4ac4c0eb-1365-4922-be89-6770c3b23dce.
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This thesis examines demographic manifestations of son preference in three parts. Part I develops a simulation model that formalises the decision to practice prenatal sex selection through a "ready, willing and able" framework. The model is calibrated to South Korean and Indian sex ratio at birth (SRB) trajectories. Simulations reveal how SRB distortions in both countries have emerged despite declining son preference due to the rapid diusion of ultrasound combined with growing propensities to abort as a result of weakening norms for large families. Part II examines the potential role of big data to indirectly estimate the SRB at the subnational level in India. States with distorted SRBs tend to display a relatively high Google search activity for ultrasound. SRB "now-casts" generated using search volumes perform better than lagged variable models in high birth registration states. Part III examines the relationship between prenatal sex selection and postnatal excess female child mortality in two studies. The first applies lifetable techniques to decompose population changes in child sex ratios into a fertility component attributable to prenatal sex selection and a mortality component attributable to sex-differentials in postnatal survival. This study finds that although reductions in numbers of excess female deaths have accompanied increases in "missing" female births in all countries experiencing SRB distortions, excess female mortality has persisted in some but not in others. The second study uses birth histories of the Demographic and Health Surveys for six countries that have witnessed SRB distortions - India, Nepal, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Albania - to examine if differential mortality change by sex can be explained by the uptake of prenatal sex selection. This study finds that changes in prenatal sex selection only explain mortality change in India. Across all countries, although patterns of mortality disadvantage are concentrated amongst less educated mothers, prenatal sex selection is strongest among the better educated. Differential sorting into the two behaviours offers an explanation for why the effect for prenatal sex selection is generally weak.
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DISDIER, MAGALI. "Role du domaine cytoplasmique de la p-selectine permettant son ciblage vers les granules secretantes et son endocytose." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077247.
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P-selectine est une proteine membranaire des granules alpha des plaquettes et des corps de weibel-palade des cellules endotheliales. Au cours d'une reaction inflammatoire, la cellule endotheliale est stimulee et p-selectine apparait de facon transitoire sur la surface des cellules et est internalisee aussitot. Ce faisant, elle permet la premiere interaction lache des granulocytes neutrophiles avec les cellules endotheliales. Notre travail a demontre que p-selectine exprimee dans une cellule autre que la cellule endotheliale est dirigee vers les granules de secretion et endocytee d'une facon tout a fait analogue a ce qui se passe dans la cellule endotheliale. Chacun des deux domaines constituant la partie cytoplasmique de la proteine contient une partie de l'information necessaire a ces ciblages, ils agissent en cooperation pour assurer un maximum d'efficacite dans le transport
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Rubagotti, Eroan. "La liberté de choisir son cocontractant en droit privé." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0045.
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La liberté de choisir son cocontractant est considérée comme un élément nécessaire aux interactions sociales entre les individus, une donnée indispensable au bon fonctionnement du marché permettant de garantir la libre concurrence. Elle apparaît comme un outil de règlement optimal de la satisfaction des besoins de chacun. Il se pose néanmoins la question de son existence en droit positif parce que, jusqu’en 2016, le libre choix était absent du Code civil. Les auteurs affirment son existence depuis le Code de 1804, essentiellement à travers la liberté contractuelle, faisant ainsi douter de son autonomie. En outre, il convient également de s’interroger sur la consistance du principe, ce qui implique d’observer ses différentes applications concrètes au stade de la formation du contrat et les mécanismes qui viennent le garantir contre les atteintes qui lui sont portées. Le principe du libre choix de son partenaire contractuel est aujourd’hui consacré à l’article 1102 du Code civil mais se voit immédiatement limité par la loi et l’ordre public. Le caractère absolu du principe est donc exclu. Or, au regard de la multiplication des entraves à la liberté de sélectionner son partenaire au contrat, se pose la question de la réalité de celle-ci. En effet, en raison d’une fondamentalisation du droit, il est imposé de concilier le libre choix de son cocontractant avec les droits et libertés fondamentaux des candidats. Il en résulte des limitations légales. D’une part, le choisissant ne peut fonder sa sélection sur n’importe quel critère. D’autre part, il peut se voir interdit de choisir son cocontractantThe right to choose ones co-contractor is a necessary element in social interactions between individuals, an essential element to a well functioning market, in order to guarantee free competition. It is an optimal tool towards general satisfaction. Nevertheless the question of its existence in private law remains because, up to 2016, free choice was absent from civil code. Since 1804, authors have affirmed its existence, essentially through the means of contractual rights, questionning its autonomy. Furthermore, questions must be asked about this principle’s strength, involving observation of its concrete applications at the stage of contract formation and its guarantee mechanisms...Today, the right to choose ones co-contractor is established in article 1102 of the civil code but it is limited by law and ordre public. It isn’t an absolute principle. Regarding the multiplication of obstacles to the freedom to select ones co-contractor, there is the question of its reality. Indeed, because of the private law fundamentalisation movement, one must reconcile freedom of choice with potential candidates’ fundamental rights and freedoms. This results in legal limitations. On one hand, individuals can’t base their selection on whatever criterion. On the other hand, they may be forbidden to choose their co-contractor
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Sorg, Stefan [Verfasser], and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Harhoff. "Essays on the economics of patents : post-grant review, subsequent innovation, and selection for litigation / Stefan Sorg ; Betreuer: Dietmar Harhoff." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1180981804/34.
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Novak, II Richard A. "Selected Songs of Dan Beaty: Background, Analysis, and Performance Guide." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12170/.
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Dan Beaty (1937-2002) was a prolific composer, pianist, researcher, educator, and writer. His large compositional output included chamber works, choral works, songs, orchestral pieces, electronic music, and keyboard works. Beaty was well versed in traditional Western music as well as the more avant-garde and perplexing idioms of the twentieth century. Beaty's compositions reflect the many fascinating, if not always popular, musical trends of his time. His music encompasses styles from serial to jazz, shows compositional influences from Arnold Schoenberg to Indonesian music, and demonstrates thought-provoking and highly intellectual craftsmanship. This document explores several of Beaty's songs through a discussion of the composer's life and compositional process. Songs included in this document are Three Weeks Songs, October, November, A Sappho Lyric, Love Song, That Night When Joy Began, and War Lyrics. This document was written to accompany the author's DMA Lecture-Recital at the University of North Texas. Unfortunately, Beaty's vocal music was never published and is mostly unknown. One goal of the project was to initiate interest in Beaty's songs. Through this document, Lecture-Recital, and additional performances, considerable strides have been made to bring Beaty's songs to new audiences throughout the United States. In addition, the author has received permission from the Beaty family to publish Dan Beaty's songs.
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Bieritz, Gerald L. "The Songs of David Amram: A representative analysis and review of published vocal music for accompanied and unaccompanied voice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2913/.
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David Werner Amram III, born in Philadelphia in 1930 is a celebrated American composer whose works have increasingly gained worldwide attention. His compositions embrace many genres including incidental music, film scores, symphonies, concertos, sonatas, instrumental trios, quartets, cantatas and operas as well as songs. One of Amram's earliest published songs, Pull My Daisy, is from his musical score for the experimental film of the same name. The song, text by Allen Ginsberg, Neal Cassady and Jack Kerouac, is set in a jazz style. Twelve of his songs, published in three collections are drawn either from his incidental music for Shakespeare plays or from his chamber opera, Twelfth Night. Another group written for baritone voice, wind and string quintets is entitled Three Songs for America. Trail of Beauty for mezzosoprano, oboe and orchestra contains four settings of Native American texts. The first chapter of this paper provides a biography of the composer. Succeeding chapters give some analysis of representative songs from each published group, background to their composition, texts, information from reviews where available, and the composers own comments from telephone interviews with the writer. An appendix contains brief illustrations of music from representative songs. It is observed that Amram's multifaceted musical interests have led him to write appealing and interesting music, both instrumental and vocal.
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Kim, Ah Young. "A Guide to Franz Liszt's Piano Transcriptions of Franz Schubert's Songs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984280/.
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Franz Liszt (1811-1886) made fifty-six transcriptions of Schubert's songs over a period of eight years (1838-46) to introduce the name of the composer, who was little known both in and outside Vienna during his lifetime. Because Liszt intentionally preserved all the details of the original songs, these transcriptions present challenges for a pianist, such as how to produce a vocal line on the piano, as well as interpretive issues such as ornamentation, style, and conveying the meaning of the lyrics on the piano. The purpose of this study is to introduce pianists to study practices employed by singers, with the goal of interpreting the vocal aspects of Liszt's Schubert song transcriptions. The composer Robert Schumann once remarked that Liszt's transcriptions were perhaps the most difficult pieces written for the piano up to that time, and only an intelligent artist could satisfy Liszt's high level of virtuosity without destroying the identity of the original work. This could be considered a warning to pianists not to focus on the technical aspects only. The pedagogical guide presented in the study, based on singers' approaches to the actual songs, should help pianists to "see beyond the notes" and achieve a performance closer to the heart of the songs.
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Shin, Dong Jin. "Hugo Wolf's Interpretation of Paul Heyse's Texts: An Examination of Selected Songs from the Italienisches Liederbuch." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33202/.
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In a Romantic song cycle or songbook, songs tend to share many common ideas because they are used to set to the poems from one collection written or collected by one author. Many composers designed the same motivic or structural elements to a group of songs for unity, and sometimes they made chronological narratives for the series of poems. Music theorists have tried to find out a way of giving a sense of unity or narrative to the songs in a song cycle or songbook by analyzing its musical language and text setting. They have suggested plausible explanations for the relationships among the songs in a song cycle or songbook, and some theorists have traced the tonal movements and provided a visual explanation for them. Hugo Wolf's two volumes of the Italienisches Liederbuch (1890-91, 1896) were set to the forty-six poems from Paul Heyse's well-selected works. Wolf's way of selecting poems from Heyse's collection seems inconsistent, and his song ordering in the both volumes does not show evident rules. However, a closer study for relationships between the songs could widen our perspective to comprehend the whole songbook as a unified storyline. This study selected the first four songs from each volume of the Italienisches Liederbuch, and analyzed the eight songs in a traditional way, accounting for harmony, motivic feature, tonal movement, form, and text setting. The study finds that Wolf used the third relationships among the songs to convey a storyline in his order of the songs, and especially exploited the direction of thirds for his own narrative. While this may only be a pilot study with partial results, it can serve as a stimulus for a comprehensive study of factors that provide unity in the cycle as a whole.
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Son, Kyung-Im. "A multi-class, multi-dimensional classifier as a topology selector for analog circuit design / by Kyung-Im Son." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5919.
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Fagny, Maud. "L'Homme face à son environnement : une histoire génétique et épigénétique du génome humain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066208/document.
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Les populations humaines ont été confrontées à de nombreux changements environnementaux au cours de leur histoire et présentent aujourd’hui une grande diversité d’habitats et de modes de subsistance. Cependant, l’ampleur de l’adaptation génétique et des réponses épigénétiques à ces changements est débattue. Nous avons d’abord étudié la puissance de diverses statistiques pour détecter les balayages sélectifs dans le contexte des données de séquençage à haut débit, et évalué leur robustesse à différents facteurs confondants. En utilisant des jeux de données de séquençage, nous montrons que les balayages sélectifs ont eu un impact modéré mais non négligeable dans l’évolution récente du génome humain. Les régions sous sélection sont enrichies en mutations associées à des variations phénotypiques. Nous avons ensuite évalué l’impact respectif des facteurs génétiques et environnementaux sur la diversité épigénétique humaine. Pour cela, nous avons obtenu les génotypes et les profiles de méthylation de l’ADN de populations d’Afrique Centrale présentant des différences récentes d’habitat ou historiques de modes de vie et de profil génétique. Nous montrons que les deux facteurs ont un effet similaire sur le méthylome mais diffèrent par les fonctions biologiques affectées et les mécanismes expliquant les variations observées. Plus généralement, les variations de méthylation sont fortement associées à des mutations génétiques qui sont enrichies en signaux de sélection positive. En conclusion, ce travail apporte un aperçu de la contribution des mutations génétiques et des réponses épigénétiques à l’adaptation humaine aux changements environnementaux sur plusieurs échelles de tempsHuman populations have faced a large number of environmental challenges during their evolutionary history and present today a wide range of habitats and mode of subsistence. However, the extent of genetic adaptation and epigenetic responses to such environmental variation remains controversial. We first explored the power of several statistics to detect hard selective sweeps in the context of whole-genome sequencing data, and evaluated their robustness to demography and other selection modes. Using data from the 1,000 Genomes Project and Complete Genomics, we showed that hard sweeps targeting low-frequency standing variation have played a moderate, albeit significant, role in recent human evolution. The signals of selection detected were moreover enriched in functional variants detected by genome-wide association studies. We then evaluated the relative impacts of genetic and environmental factors on human epigenomic diversity. To do so, we generated genome-wide genetic and DNA methylation profiles for Central African populations differing in their current habitat or in their historical lifestyle and genetic background. We found that both factors have similar critical impacts on the shaping of the global methylome, but the biological functions affected and the mechanisms underlying DNA methylation variation strongly differ. More generally, methylation variation shows strong associations with nearby genetic variants that, moreover, are enriched in signals of natural selection. Together, this work provides new insight into the contribution of genetic adaptation and epigenetic responses to the adaptation of humans to environmental changes over different time scales
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Buchholz, Timothy C. "Analysis and Categorization of Selected Musical Elements within Forty-three Solo Jazz Vocal "Standards" with Pedagogical Application to Repertoire Selection and the Teaching of Jazz Concepts in the Jazz Voice Lesson." Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/386.
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While the concept of teaching jazz style to vocal students is not a new one, previous materials written on the subject have not addressed two important aspects of this process. One is the concept of selecting jazz vocal solo repertoire that is both musically and vocally purposeful and appropriate for the student. The other is how to teach stylistic concepts that will apply to both current repertoire as well as songs the student will learn in the future. This doctoral essay provides both a categorized list of solo jazz vocal repertoire as well as strategies for introducing stylistic elements of jazz into the private-lesson setting. Through a systematic analysis of jazz vocal standards, a list of repertoire selections was categorized by rhythmic style, melodic range, melodic harmony, melodic rhythm, and harmonic content. In addition, the stylistic need to add syncopations to swing songs with non-syncopated melodies was addressed. Suggestions are included on how to implement this categorized list in the music selection process for students. Furthermore, this essay provides jazz voice teachers with strategies to efficiently incorporate important aspects of jazz styles such as rhythmic feel, song form, improvisation, and harmony into the lesson setting. By showing connections between these concepts and the literature that is being taught, students can become more competent and confident within the vocal and stylistic elements of the jazz idiom.
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Lindén-Tunhult, Åsa. "Brides For Sale : A Qualitative Analysis of Missing Women, Skewed Sex Ratios and Bride Trafficking in Haryana, Northern India." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445140.
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Population control programs such as family planning and the introduction of sex identification technologies has helped to create skewed sex ratios in northern India and particularly in the state of Haryana. Due to a surplus of men and the numbers of missing females, an organized business of bride trafficking has emerged where poor women from eastern and northeastern states of India are bought and brought to Haryana for the purpose of marriage. This thesis explores how skewed sex ratios have contributed to the phenomenon of bride trafficking in Haryana guided by the theoretical framework of violences of development which argues that there is a hidden paradox within development. This was done by conducting a conventional content analysis in order to create a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. There is scarce research on bride trafficking, therefore this study contributes with extended knowledge in order to shed a light on the increasing trade with females.
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Bolthouse, Colleen R. "Was Ist Silvia? Englanderin Oder Deutsche? Restoring the Orignial English Texts to Songs Schubert Set in Translation, a Lecture Recital, Together with Three Recitals of Selected Works of H. Purcell, G. F. Handel, W. A. Mozart, F. Schubert, J. Brahms, H. Wolf, F. Poulenc and Others." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279276/.
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Because of the lack of information concerning the success or failure of Schubert's bilingual edition and concerning the relationship between the English texts and Schubert's settings, most performers take the conservative route of performing both the songs from Lady of the Lake and the rest of Schubert's English song repertoire only with the German translations. Because of the desirability of performing this repertoire in English for English-speaking audiences, this study examines all of the English songs of Schubert to determine whether the original poems can be successfully substituted for the German translations. Editions of the settings that can be effectively performed with the English texts are included in the appendix, in order to make available editions which reflect Schubert's ambition to make his songs easily accessible to non-German-speaking audiences.
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Limousin, Denis. "Sélection sexuelle chez un papillon acoustique : étude évolutive du signal mâle et de la préférence femelle." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4018/document.
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Le processus de sélection intersexuelle peut impliquer plusieurs mécanismes différents dans le choix du partenaire. Chez la pyrale Achroia grisella, les femelles choisissent les mâles en se basant sur des caractères de leur chant d'avertissement ultrasonique, et de précédentes études ont montré que ce choix peut procurer, à une femelle discriminante, certains bénéfices génétiques indirects. Dans cette thèse, j'ai continué à explorer le mécanisme de bénéfices indirects chez cette espèce en 1) déterminant avec plus de précision un paramètre acoustique, l‟amplitude du chant, qui influence le choix des femelles et en 2) examinant la covariance génétique entre les traits du chant mâle et ceux de la préférence femelle. J'ai constaté qu'en plus de préférer des chants mâles émis avec une plus grande amplitude et une plus grande puissance acoustique, les femelles font également une discrimination en faveur des chants comprenant des forts « pics d'amplitude ». Cependant, mes analyses génétiques moléculaires de la relation entre les traits du signal mâle et ceux de la préférence femelle, n'ont révélé aucune covariance significative, comme prédit par la théorie de la sélection sexuelle. Ces derniers résultats fournissent un aperçu important concernant l‟existence d‟un tempo réduit de la sélection sexuelle, dans les populations naturellesThe process of inter-sexual selection may involve several different mechanisms of mate choice. In the pyralid moth Achroia grisella, females choose males based on characters of their ultrasonic advertisement song, and previous work has indicated that such choice may afford a discriminating female certain indirect genetic benefits. In this thesis I continued to probe the indirect benefits mechanism in this species by 1) determining with more precision one acoustic character, song amplitude, that influences female choice and by 2) examining the genetic covariance between the male song trait and the female preference trait. I found that in addition to preferring male songs delivered at greater amplitude and with greater acoustic power, females also discriminate in favor of songs including higher 'amplitude peaks'. However, my molecular genetic analyses of the relationships between the male signal and female preference traits did not reveal any significant covariance, as predicted by sexual selection theory. These latter findings provide important insight on the reduced tempo of sexual selection that may exist in natural populations
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Singh, Jyoti. "The presentation of the orphan child in eighteenth and early nineteenth century English literature in a selection of William Blake's 'Songs of innocence and experience', and in Charlotte Brontë's 'Jane Eyre', and Emily Brontë's 'Wuthering Heights'." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005628.
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This thesis is a study of the presentation of the orphan child in eighteenth and early nineteenth century English literature, and focuses on William Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience, Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, and Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights. It is concerned with assessing the extent to which the orphan children in each of the works are liberated from familial and social constraints and structures and to what end. Chapter One examines the major thematic concern of the extent to which the motif of the orphan child represents a wronged innocent, and whether this symbol can also, or alternatively, be presented as a revolutionary force that challenges society's status quo in Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience. Chapter Two considers the significance of the child "lost" and "found", which forms the explicit subject of six of Blake's Songs of Innocence and Experience and explores the treatment of these conditions, and their differences and consequences for the children concerned. Chapter Three focuses on Charlotte Bronte's depiction of the orphan in Jane Eyre, which presents two models of the orphan child: the protagonist Jane, and Helen Burns. The chapter examines these two models and their responses to orphan-hood in a hostile world where orphans are mistreated by family and society alike. Chapter Four determines whether the orphan constitutes a subversive threat to the family in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights and also explores the notion that, although orphan-hood often entails liberation from adult guardians, it also comprises vulnerability and exposure. The thesis concludes by considering the extent to which orphan-hood can involve a form of liberation from the confines of social structures, and what this liberation constitutes for each of the three authors.
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HADDAD, SOUHEIL. "ETUDE DE QUELQUES CRITERES DE LA TOLERANCE AU NaCl (SELECTIVITE K+/Na+ ; PHYSIOLOGIE DE L'EAU) ET DE SON AMELIORATION, A DES FINS DE SELECTION VARIETALE CHEZ LE TRITICALE (X TRITICOSECALE WITTMACK), VAR. CLERCAL ET BEAGLE." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21233.
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L'adaptation au nacl et les comportements hydriques et ioniques (na#+ et k#+) des parties aeriennes sont etudies chez deux varietes de tricitales (clercal et beagle), cultivees en conditions controlees sur des solutions nutritives additionnees ou non de differentes concentrations de nacl+kno#3, de nacl+kcl, ou de nacl+cacl#2 et de nacl+application d'un courant electrique. L'augmentation de nacl dans le milieu de culture affecte fortement la croissance en provoquant un deficit hydrique du a la chute des potentiels hydriques et osmotiques; de plus, il y a une accumulation importante de na#+ et une diminution de k#+ dans les parties aeriennes des triticales. Les deux varietes, tolerantes a 75 mm de nacl, ne presentent pas le meme degre de tolerance au nacl (beagle superieur a clercal); sur les milieux avec nacl clercal semble plus protege que beagle par l'addition de kcl ou de cacl#2 que par l'addition de kno#3; l'adjonction de ce dernier sel a un effet de protection plus important chez beagle que chez clercal. Il apparait que la tolerance des triticales a la salinite consiste: en un bon maintien d'une alimentation hydrique assurant une bonne hydratation des tissus; en une exclusion relativement importante du na#+; en une acceleration du transport de k#+ vers les parties aeriennes pour maintenir une bonne selectivite k#+/na#+. Ce dernier critere semble etre responsable d'un bon comportement des triticales face au nacl, et pourrait etre un critere determinant de la selection varietale pour la tolerance au nacl. Beagle, la variete la plus tolerante, semble avoir besoin de quantites moindres de k#+ et de ca#2#+ que clercal pour assurer son bon fonctionnement cellulaire en presence de nacl. Enfin, la tolerance des triticales au nacl varie avec le genotype et avec le stade de developpement
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LOPEZ, CUNAT JAVIER. "Quatre aspects de la relation principal-agent : risque moral pur, effet d'embauche sous l'existence d'un etat observable seulement par les agents, creation de divisions sous un effet d'embauche nul, anti-selection lorsque les types des agents sont independants." Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0074.
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Cette these concentre l'attention sur plusieurs aspects de la theorie de contrats concernant la relation principal-agent. Le chapitre 1 est une revue de la litterature qui analyse le cadre de base principal-agent de risque moral pur. Il inclut trois contributions marginales. Le chapitre 2 examine la concurrence entre hierarchies avec un principal et plusieurs agents, lorsque les contrats sont signes sous infromation symetrique. Les agents embauches par le meme principal sont les seuls a observer la realisation d'un etat aleatoire, en correlation ou non avec ceux des agents rivaux. Nous presentons des hypotheses qui garantissent l'absence de l'effet d'embauche dans le jeu d'agence. Le chapitre 3 analyse des jeux ou les principaux (entreprises) choisissent le nombre d'agents (divisions independantes) qu'ils vont embaucher (creer) avant le choix des contrats, lorsque l'effet d'embauche est nul dans chaque sous-jeu d'agence possible. Nous etudions aussi le nombre de principaux a l'equilibre lorsqu'il existe un cout d'entree. Le chapitre 4 analyse la relation d'antiselection lorsqu'un principal s'interesse a l'embauche d'un certain nombre d'agents avec des types continus et independants. Nous prouvons que, sous certaines conditions, il n'y a pas de perte de generalite si la principal ne considere que des mecanismes veridiques en strategies dominantes. Le mecanisme optimal peut demander une performance individuelle superieure a celle optimale d'information complete aux agents les plus productifsThis thesis concentrates the attention on several aspects of contract theory concerning the principal-agent relationship. Chapter 1 is a survey of the literature that analyzes the basic principal-agent framework of pure moral hazard. It contains three marginal contributions. Chapter 2 examines the competition among hierarchies with a principal and several agents, when contracts are signed under symmetric information. Agents hired by the same principal observe privately the realization of a random state which may be correlated with those corresponding to rival agents. We present hypotheses that guarantee the absence of the precommitment effect in the agency game. Chapter 3 analyzes games where principals (firms) choose the number of agents (independent divisions) that they will hire (establish) before the selection of contracts, when the precommitment effect is null in each possible agency subgame. We also study the number of principals in equilibrium when there is an entry cost. Chapter 4 analyzes the adverse selection relationship when a principal is interested in hiring a certain number of agents with continuous and independent types. We show that, under some conditions, there is no loss of generality if the principal considers only direct revelation mechanisms for which truth-telling is a dominant strategy. The most efficient agents may be asked for a performance greater than the optimal one in complete information
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EL, OUGGOUTI SOUMAYA. "Comportement des proteines du squelette erythrocytaire sur des colorants immobilises : application a la purification de la proteine 4.1. nouvelle procedure de purification de la proteine 4.1 erythrocytaire basee sur son interaction selective avec l'inositol hexaplosphate." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112292.
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Notre travail peut etre subdivise en deux parties: dans une premiere partie, nous abordons l'exploration nouvelle des interactions colorants triaziniques immobilises-proteines du squelette erythrocytaire (proteine 4. 1 et ankyrine notamment). Cette etude a comporte le criblage de 15 colorants. Des tentatives d'elution selectives furent engagees, recourant au criblage systematique de plusieurs substances potentiellement eluantes associant des structures hydrophobes et des charges negatives pouvant mimer le colorant (nad, nadp, 2-3 dpg. . . ). Le resultat le plus interessant fut obtenu avec l'inositol hexaphosphate dimagnesium tetrapotassium (ou ihp) qui a permis l'elution selective de la proteine 4. 1 a partir d'une colonne de procion orange mx-2r sepharose. L'ihp fut utilise en tant que substitut de polyphosphoinositides dont la presence est necessaire a l'interaction proteine 4. 1 glycophorines. La deuxieme partie decrit l'etablissement d'une nouvelle procedure de purification efficace de la proteine 4. 1 basee sur son interaction selective avec l'inositol hexaphosphate. Cette interaction fut decouverte a la suite des etudes d'elution de la proteine 4. 1 de la colonne de procion orange mx-2r par l'ihp. Cette methode de purification originale preserve les qualites structurales et fonctionnelles de la proteine 4. 1. Le dernier volet de cette seconde partie est consacree a une tentative de caracterisation de cette interaction proteine 4. 1-ihp et une discussion de sa nature
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Javed, Muhammad Rashid. "Essais sur la préférence du fils au pakistan." Thesis, Pau, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PAUU2056/document.
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Ce mémoire regroupe différentes études sur la préférence pour les garçons au Pakistan. Celles-ci analysent la fréquence et l'étendue de la préférence pour les garçons et son effet sur la grossesse des femmes. Le rôle que la préférence pour les garçons joue sur la participation des femmes au niveau des décisions au sein du ménage est examiné, tout comme son effet sur l'espacement des naissances, la probabilité d'une naissance à risque, ou l'impact de l'âge auquel une femme se marie sur l'équilibre entre les sexes et le développement de l'enfant né. Nous trouvons qu'il existe une préférence réelle et déclarée pour la progéniture masculine au Pakistan. La probabilité de poursuivre les grossesses diminue avec le nombre de garçons nés. De plus, les femmes qui ont au moins un garcon ont plus d'influence sur les décisions quotidiennes du ménage mais pas sur les décisions financières. La participation des femmes sur les décisions à prendre au sein du ménage augmente avec le nombre de garçons mais seulement jusqu'à la troisième naissance. D'ailleurs, les femmes ayant au moins un garçon attendent plus longtemps avant d'avoir d'autres enfants. Ce constat est plus particulièrement vrai dans le cadre d'une première naissance et il est moins présent à partir de la deuxième naissance. En outre, le fait de se marier à 18 ans ou plus tard influence de façon positive la préférence des femmes sur la composition de sa famille. Pourtant, peu importe qu’une femme se marie avant ou après 18 ans, cela ne modifie pas le biais en faveur des garçons dans leur investissement parental. A partir de ces résultats, nous proposons des préconisations politiques afin de lutter contre les inégalités entre les sexes au PakistanThis thesis is a collection of studies on son preference in Pakistan. The studies analyze the prevalence and strength of son preference and its effects on women’s childbearing. The role son preference plays in determining women's participation in intra-household decisionmaking is examined as are its effect on birth spacing, probability of risky births and role of maternal age at marriage in modifying gender-specific reproduction and development outcomes. We find strong evidence for both the revealed and stated preference for male offspring. The probability of continuing childbearing also decreases with the number of sons born. Furthermore, we find that women with at least one son have more say in ‘routine’ household decisions but not in financial decisions. Female participation in decision-making grows significantly with the number of sons but only up to the third parity. We find that women with at least one son are more likely to delay succeeding births. We obtain strong evidence at parity 1. The impact seems to dissipate beyond the second parity. Moreover, we find that marriage at 18 or later positively influence women’s preference for family’s sex composition. However, whether or not a woman married early or late does little to modify the male gender bias prevalent in parental investment. In light of these findings, we suggest policy measures that could help improve gender equity in the country
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Judge, Kevin Andrew. "Survival, Song and Sexual Selection." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/16756.
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Darwinian sexual selection predicts that males with the most extravagant secondary sexual traits suffer elevated mortality. Although correlative evidence has generally not borne this idea out, recent research, including a field cricket study, showed that investment in sexually selected traits is costly to survival. I investigated male survival, ornamentation (song) and mating success in a North American grylline, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, to test the generality of previous work and highlight the importance of ecology differences to resource allocation. As the calling songs of older male G. pennsylvanicus are highly attractive to females, in Chapter 2 I tested whether male age correlated with calling song and found a weak but statistically significant correlation, thus leaving open the possibility that choosy females use an age-based indicator mechanism. In Chapter 3, I tested the condition dependence of male survival and calling effort. In contrast to previous work, I found that high condition males both called more and lived longer than low condition males, although there was no trade-off between survival and calling effort. The substantial condition dependence of calling effort suggests that calling effort is under strong directional selection. In Chapter 4 I tested whether female mating preferences resulted in strong selection on male calling effort. I also tested for the condition dependence of female mating preferences. I found that female choosiness was condition-dependent, but the rank of preferred male songs (preference function) was not. Both low and high condition females preferred high calling effort over low calling effort song. In Chapter 5 I tested for evidence of nonlinear selection on male survival that might explain the nonlinear pattern of male investment in survival seen in Chapter 3 (i.e. male survival leveled-off with increasing condition). I found that socially experienced females, but not virgin and naive females, exerted linear selection on male age. I discuss these and the other results of my thesis in the context of previous work on field crickets and condition-dependent ornamentation. Finally, Appendix A reports results that confirm ancient Chinese cultural knowledge that large headed male crickets are more successful in male-male combat.
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Taft, Benjamin Nichols. "The Role of Dawn Song in Tree Swallows and its Place in the Diversity of Oscine Song Learning." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/357.
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Aspects of the behavioral ecology of bird song learning are examined in three parts. First, an approach from image analysis is extended to allow rapid, quantitative description of animal sounds. In this approach, sounds are summarized as sets of time-frequency-amplitude landmarks. Second, the role of dawn song in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) breeding biology is examined. Song syllable sharing among tree swallows was found to be high among birds nesting at the same site, but sharing was lower between birds nesting at different sites. When birds nested at different sites, the distance between those sites was not related to the amount of difference between the birds' syllable repertoire compositions. All tree swallow song repertoires did not remain constant during the breeding season; some individuals added new syllable types, others modified existing types. Singing performance was correlated with reproductive success in tree swallows: males that sang more precise repetitions of their syllable types attracted more extra-pair mates. Furthermore, pairwise comparisons between the social and genetic fathers of extra-pair young found that the genetic fathers averaged higher syllable consistency than the cuckolded males. Third, a comparative study of the phylogenetic distribution of vocal mimicry examined the evolutionary history of song learning in oscine passerines. Vocal mimicry, defined as the habitual incorporation of heterospecific sounds into song displays, was found in twenty-eight separate clades of oscines. These clades were found in every major oscine superfamily, but made up a higher proportion of daughter groups within the most ancient superfamilies of oscines. The most plesiomorphic lineages of oscines were found to contain many highly-skilled mimics. These observations support the hypothesis that the course of song learning in oscines has run repeatedly from permissive learning rules that permit mimicry to restrictive learning rules that limit mimicry.
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Germain, Ryan. "Delayed maturation of secondary sexual signals in first-year male American redstarts." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5206.
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Male birds of many species use conspicuous song and plumage displays in both courtship and territorial interactions. In some species, one or both of these signalling traits may not reach full adult maturity until a male’s second year of life. While the prevalence of delayed plumage maturation is well documented, delayed song maturation may be more difficult to detect. As a result, there are few studies which report age-based song differences between first-year and adult males. Additionally, despite the potentially large degree of variation of each trait within yearling males, little work has examined the benefits for young males who appear or sound more adult-like. Here, I investigate variation in both song and plumage displays of yearling male American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) as they relate to success during the breeding and non-breeding seasons.
I first demonstrate a relationship between the degree of adult-like black plumage and both non-breeding season habitat quality in Jamaica and breeding season arrival date in Ontario. Previous studies have linked breeding season arrival date with winter habitat quality in adult males using stable-carbon isotope analysis. Together, these results suggest that variation in yearling male appearance may signal an individual’s competitive ability for high-quality resources. Next, I quantified the mate-attraction songs of both adult and yearling males and demonstrate a delayed maturation in this song type. I also present evidence of the potential benefits of expressing a more adult-like song by linking song structure with reproductive success in adult males. Finally, I demonstrate a potential relationship between the degree of adult-like song and plumage expression in yearling males, but not adult males. This work demonstrates that the delayed maturation of sexual signals may play an important role in the life-history of yearling male American redstarts, and highlights the need for in-depth analyses of individual variation of multiple sexual signals in this poorly-studied age class of birds.Thesis (Master, Biology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-25 10:42:19.794
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Mikula, Peter. "Makroekologie a makroevoluce ptačího zpěvu." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-434828.
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Birdsong is one of the most astounding natural sounds which profoundly shaped our evolutionary thinking since the 19th century. Despite a strong interest in birdsong for over 100 years, our understanding of birdsong ecology and evolution over large spatial and phylogenetic scales is still very fragmentary. Answering many basic questions requires a global synthesis covering vast diversity of extant bird species and adoption of multidisciplinary approaches. In presented dissertation thesis, my co-workers and I have explored important patterns in macroecology and macroevolution of song in passerines (Order: Passeriformes), the most diverse and widespread bird order. We have focused on three key song phenomena: (1) song complexity, (2) song frequency and (3) the presence of song in female birds. We have exploited birdsong "big data" available on public citizen science databases and other open sources in order to fill several important gaps in the current knowledge. These data were analysed by a combination of phylogenetically-informed cross-species analyses and spatial macroecological approaches. Since the publication of Darwin's seminal work, elaborated songs are generally agreed to be the result of sexual selection. We developed a simple but reliable song complexity metric to explore a global diversity in...
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CHANG, WEI-SHAN, and 張維珊. "The Research on songs selections of Music in National Competition of Folk Song for Teachers and Students." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59732411260451147485.
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碩士國立臺南大學
音樂學系碩士班
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The subject of this paper is to understand the musical connotation about "The songs selections of National Competition of Folk Song for Teachers and Students". First of all, this research is based on the historical development of National Competition of Folk Song for Teachers and Students, understand the general situation of assigning repertoire of competition on Fulao chorus music in this competition junior high school during academic year 99 to 103. According to the tendency of elective song during these years, I conducted a research on the top three songs of which were eligible for premium and repeated chosen by the National Competition of Folk Song for Teachers and Students many times, and analyze the musical content and performance in it. At last, by making ten suggestions of choruses selections for Fulao chorus music in this competiting junior high school, analyze their musical performance and interpretation and teaching , taking them as a reference for the competiting teams and the instructors.