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Journal articles on the topic 'Sophistic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 May 2024

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1

Côté, Dominique. "The Two Sophistics of Philostratus." Rhetorica 24, no. 1 (2006): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2006.24.1.1.

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Abstract The overview of Sophistic proposed by Philostratus in the introduction to the Lives of the Sophists creates a serious problem of interpretation. The system of two Sophistics: Old Sophistic and Second Sophistic as the author of the Lives defines them, appears to involve weaknesses and contradictions which bring into question the credibility of Philostratus. One might therefore believe that the Philostratean sysem of two Sophistics, through its apparent incoherence, in no way clarifies the question of the definition of a sophist. This article proposes, in contrast, to make visible the c

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2

Guest, Clare Lapraik. "Ut sophistes pictor: An Introduction to the Sophistic Contribution to Aesthetics." Humanities 12, no. 4 (2023): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12040058.

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This essay provides an introduction to the question of the contribution of the ancient sophists to aesthetics in Western art. It commences by examining the persistent analogies to visual arts in negative and positive discussions of sophistry, both philosophical and rhetorical, and proceeds to examine sophistic rhetoric in Gorgias, Aristides, Lucian, Philostratus and Byzantine ekphrasis, culminating with Philostratus’ discussions of mimesis and phantasia in Apollonius of Tyana. The discussions of the relation of being and nonbeing in Gorgias’ On Nonbeing and in Plato’s Sophist form the ontologi

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Reames, Robin. "The Metaphysics of Sophistry: Protagoras, Nāgārjuna, Antilogos." Humanities 11, no. 5 (2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11050105.

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There is no category of thought more deliberately or explicitly relegated to a subordinate role in Plato’s dialogues than Sophists and sophistry. It is due to Plato’s influence that terms “sophist” and “sophistry” handed down to us have unilaterally negative associations—synonymous with lies and deception, obscurantism and false reasoning. There are several reasons to be dubious of this standard view of the Sophists and their practices. The primary reason addressed in this essay is that the surviving fragments of the Sophists do not accord with this standard view, a discrepancy that is particu

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Ovsepyan, Astine. "Sophistry in the writings of Miguel De Unamuno: between politics and pedagogy." Hypothekai 7 (April 2023): 182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2023-7-7-182-192.

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The article explores the legacy of Miguel de Unamuno, one of the most prominent Spanish intellectuals of the late 19th and ear-ly 20th centuries. Unamuno was known not only as a writer, but also as a philosopher, philologist, journalist, playwright, social activist, and educator with unique and innovative ideas for his time. The focus is on his statements about the activity of the sophists, literary and rhetorical sophistry, as well as the sophisti-cal concept of education in general. The key question is who the sophists were for Unamuno: wise men working for the benefit of the city or verbal

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Notomi, Noburu. "Socrates and the Sophists: Reconsidering the History of Criticisms of the Sophists." Humanities 11, no. 6 (2022): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11060153.

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To examine the sophists and their legacy, it is necessary to reconsider the relation between Socrates and the sophists. The trial of Socrates in 399 BCE seems to have changed people’s attitudes towards and conceptions of the sophists drastically, because Socrates was the first and only “sophist” executed for being a sophist. In the fifth century BCE, people treated natural philosophy, sophistic rhetoric and Socratic dialogue without clear distinctions, often viewing them as dangerous, impious and damaging to society. After the trial of Socrates, however, Plato sharply dissociated Socrates from

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Giombini, Stefania. "Sophistry and Law: The Antilogical Pattern of Judicial Debate." Humanities 12, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12010001.

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This essay aims to reveal the relationship between sophistry and law in a twofold direction: on one side, how the development of ancient Greek law influenced sophistry’s production, and on the other, how and to what extent the knowledge and skills developed by sophists contributed to the development of legal expertise in classical Athens. The essay will initially focus on the historiographical category of the sophists to identify a line that connects these intellectuals to the new vision of society, the democratic polis, and the community that presides over legal and judicial life. This sectio

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Syrotinski, Michael. "On (Not) Translating Lacan: Barbara Cassin's Sophistico-Analytical Performances." Paragraph 43, no. 1 (2020): 98–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/para.2020.0323.

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Barbara Cassin's Jacques the Sophist: Lacan, Logos, and Psychoanalysis, recently translated into English, constitutes an important rereading of Lacan, and a sustained commentary not only on his interpretation of Greek philosophers, notably the Sophists, but more broadly the relationship between psychoanalysis and sophistry. In her study, Cassin draws out the sophistic elements of Lacan's own language, or the way that Lacan ‘philosophistizes’, as she puts it. This article focuses on the relation between Cassin's text and her better-known Dictionary of Untranslatables, and aims to show how and w

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Gagarin, Michael. "Did the Sophists Aim to Persuade?" Rhetorica 19, no. 3 (2001): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2001.19.3.275.

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Ever since Plato, the Sophists have been seen as teaching “the art of persuasion”, particularly the art (or skill) of persuasive speaking in the lawcourts and the assembly on which success in life depended. I argue that this view is mistaken. Although Gorgias describes logos as working to persuade Helen, he does not present persuasion as the goal of his own work, nor does any other Sophist see persuasion as the primary aim of his logoi. Most sophistic discourse was composed in the form of antilogies (pairs of opposed logoi), in which category I include works like Helen where the other side - t

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9

Enos, Richard Leo. "A Site-Perspective on the Second Sophistic of the near East and Its Impact on the History of Rhetoric: An Overview." Humanities 11, no. 6 (2022): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11060154.

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This essay introduces and examines the impact of the Second Sophistic in the Near East on the history of rhetoric. Although the overall impact of sophists is apparent as early as the Classical Period of ancient Greece, this work emphasizes the renaissance of sophistic rhetoric during the so-called Second Sophistic, a movement that flourished slightly before and throughout the Roman Empire. The Second Sophistic provided an educational system that proved to be a major force spreading the study and performance of rhetoric throughout the Roman Empire. This essay examines and synthesizes scholarshi

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Kozić, Ranko. "Philosophical plasma in Dio Chrysostom’s Fourth Discourse on Kingship and Socrates’ Political Testament in Alcibiades." Athens Journal of Humanities & Arts 11, no. 2 (2024): 119–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajha.11-2-2.

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On the basis of evidence obtained by unravelling enigmas in Dio’s fourth discourse and lifting the veil of mystery surrounding some of the crucial, sophistic-related passages from the mentioned writing, we were able to arrive to a conclusion that, no matter what the so-called sophists say of the phenomenon in their attempts to disguise the essence of things, the Second Sophistic is closely connected not so much with rhetoric as with philosophy itself or, to be more precise, Socrates’ political testament in the Alcibiades, as proved by Dio’s frequent use of philosophical, or rather Socratic pla

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Burge, David K. "A Sub-Christian Epistle? Appreciating 2 Peter as an Anti-Sophistic Polemic." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 44, no. 2 (2021): 310–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142064x211048106.

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Drawing from recent ancient historical, New Testament and Second-Sophistic scholarship, this article proposes that the enigmatic 2 Peter can be better understood with closer reference to anti-sophistic polemical writings. Increasing light has been shed on the sophists’ interest in wisdom, display and rhetoric in contexts such as Athens, Rome, Corinth and cities of Asia Minor in the first centuries CE. After introducing historical attempts to identify a worldview compatible with 2 Peter’s polemical response, this article (1) describes the nature of the Second Sophistic in the first century with

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Rodriguez, Evan. "Structure and Aim in Socratic and Sophistic Method." History of Philosophy and Logical Analysis 23, no. 1 (2020): 143–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/26664275-02301010.

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Abstract I begin this paper with a puzzle: why is Plato’s Parmenides replete with references to Gorgias? While the Eleatic heritage and themes in the dialogue are clear, it is less clear what the point would be of alluding to a well-known sophist. I suggest that the answer has to do with the similarities in the underlying methods employed by both Plato and Gorgias. These similarities, as well as Plato’s recognition of them, suggest that he owes a more significant philosophical and methodological debt to sophists like Gorgias than is often assumed. Further evidence from Plato and Xenophon sugge

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Pichugina, Victoria. "Education in the city through laughter and tears: sophistic speeches in Euripides' “Medea” and Aristophanes' “Clouds”." Hypothekai 7 (April 2023): 16–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2023-7-7-16-44.

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During the time of Euripides and Aristophanes, innovative pedagogical ideas were discussed in an equally innovative man-ner. The intellectuals of that era played a significant role in cre-ating an ironic pedagogical triangle consisting of Euripides, Aris-tophanes, Socrates, and the sophists in classical Athens. Employ-ing tragedy and comedy in varying degrees, Euripides and Aris-tophanes drew attention to the contrast between traditional and sophistic education, portraying it as a complex problem that could not be easily resolved by an average person. A comparative historical and pedagogical a

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Heßler, Jan Erik. "Rhetoric, Trickery, and Tyranny: Testimonies on Sophists of the Hellenistic period." Rhetorica 39, no. 3 (2021): 247–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2021.39.3.247.

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In this article, I would like to provide a reappraisal of sophistic activities during the Hellenistic period. An analysis of passages in Philodemus, Posidonius, and several more fragmentary sources can show that there is a continuous and lively tradition of sophistic teaching and rhetoric from the Classical period until Imperial times. The texts give the impression that characteristic features of Hellenistic sophists point towards the generation of Gorgias and his colleagues as well as towards the star speakers of the Second Sophistic. The traditional but outworn negative image of the Hellenis

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Kozić, Ranko. "ΦΙΛΟΣΟΦΗΣΑΝΤΕΣ ΕΝ ΔΟΞΗΙ ΤΟΥ ΣΟΦΙΣΤΕΥΣΑΙ: An Enigmatic Depiction of the Second Sophistic in Philostratus and Eunapius’ Lives of the Sophists or What is Indeed the Mentioned Sophistic?" ATHENS JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY 1, № 1 (2022): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajphil.1-1-4.

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On the basis of evidence obtained by unravelling enigmas in Philostratus and Eunapius’ Lives of the Sophists and lifting the veil of mystery surrounding some of the crucial, sophistic-related passages from Isocrates and Dio Chrysostom’s writings, we were able to arrive to a conclusion that, contrary to all expectations, the Second Sophistic is closely connected not so much with rhetoric as with philosophy itself, no matter what the so-called sophists say of the phenomenon in their attempts to disguise the essence of things. Paradoxically enough, it turned out that the enigma in Eunapius and, a

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Golub, Jeffrey A. "The Last Animal." Epoché: A Journal for the History of Philosophy 25, no. 2 (2021): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/epoche2021611189.

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In this essay, I argue that Socrates adopts a philosophical stance of indifference that is particularly unique to the Protagoras. The peculiarity stems from Socrates’s (or perhaps Plato’s) significant interest in dealing with Protagoras as a certain kind of thinker rather than merely a sophist in general. The stance of indifference is shown to be a dramatic reaction to the attitude sophists like Protagoras take toward philosophical problems, specifically, thinkers who understand solutions to philosophical problems as commodities. The stance is shown to anticipate certain Academic skeptical met

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Becker, Matthias. "Origen the Sophist: Anti-Sophistic Polemic in Porphyry’s Contra Christianos." Vigiliae Christianae 73, no. 2 (2019): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341395.

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Abstract Making use of Beatrice Wyss’ “pattern of the disparagement of sophists” for heuristic purposes, this paper argues that the depictions of Christian exegetes and scholars in a fragment of Porphyry’s lost work Contra Christianos (fr. 39 Harnack/fr. 6F. Becker) contain literary elements of ad hominem attacks which were used in Greek anti-sophistic polemic. Porphyry’s allusive language allows for the conclusion that he aimed specifically at casting Origen in the role of a sophist. This hitherto unnoticed component of Porphyry’s polemic against the Christians sheds light on how Platonists i

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Volf, Marina N. "Could descriptive epistemology save Gorgias from philosophical inconsistency?" Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2019): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-4-170-183.

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The article offers a meaningful analysis of the terms normative and descriptive epistemology, interpretations of their content in contemporary analytic philosophy (W.V.O. Quine, R. Rorty) in the context of their application to describe the ancient sophistic epistemology. The author substantiates the application of descriptive epistemology to the realities of ancient philosophy, namely, to the sophistry of Gorgias in the framework of the appropriationist history of philosophy. As examples we consider the Sophistic inquiry, which, depending on the speaker’s ultimate goals, could be presented as

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Katinis, Teodoro. "The Ancient Greek Sophists in Emanuele Tesauro’s Il cannocchiale aristotelico (1670): Thrasymachus and Gorgias." Humanities 13, no. 1 (2024): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h13010033.

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Emanuele Tesauro’s Il cannocchiale aristotelico (The Spyglass of Aristotle) is widely considered a masterpiece of the Baroque, mainly because of his theory of metaphor as a cognitive tool. But this work is much more than that. Tesauro presents his volume as the ultimate interpretation of Aristotle’s rhetorical art, which is clearly not the case. Indeed, his work is a polycentric discourse on a revolutionary theory of rhetoric that goes beyond any previous treatise written on the subject, including Aristotle’s Rhetoric. Despite his relevance in the history of rhetorical theories, Tesauro’s work

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Stagnell, Alexander. "Der exemplarische Rhetor: Über Anti-Philosophie und Sophistik bei Alain Badiou." Distinctio 2, no. 2 (2023): 85–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.56550/d.2.2.4.

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This article investigates the ambiguous status of rhetoric, situated between proper philosophy and mere sophistry, through Alan Badiou’s three exemplary figures of thought: the philosopher, the anti-philosopher, and the sophist. With the recent return of the sophist in politics in the form of populist politicians, contemporary rhetorical studies have expressed a need for the discipline to reconsider its alliance with relativist sophistics. However, by studying Badiou’s three exemplary figures, and relating them to his understanding of the three forms of negation, the article explores a possibl

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Foley, Sean. "Sophistic Speech and False Statements in Plato's Sophist." Illinois Classical Studies 47, no. 2 (2022): 383–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23285265.47.2.09.

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Abstract Plato's Sophist features a discussion of false statements, the literal sense of which has been the source of much scholarly controversy. Two readings of the discussion, the Oxford Interpretation and the Incompatibility Range Interpretation, seem especially plausible. This essay enters the exegetical debate by placing the discussion of false statements in the broader context of the dialogue, which is principally concerned with sophistic speech, not false statements. When the discussion of false statements is understood as contributing to an inquiry into sophistic speech, the Incompatib

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Esses, Daniel. "Philosophic Appearance and Sophistic Essence in Plato’s Sophist." Ancient Philosophy 39, no. 2 (2019): 295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil201939220.

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Rojcewicz, Christine. "Socrates’ kατάβασις and the Sophistic Shades: Education and Democracy". PLATO JOURNAL 24 (31 травня 2023): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_24_4.

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This article addresses the unusually elaborate dramatic context in Plato’s Protagoras and effect of sophistry on democratic Athens. Because Socrates evokes Odysseus’ κατάβασις in the Odyssey to describe the sophists in Callias’ house (314c-316b), I propose that Socrates depicts the sophists as bodiless shades residing in Hades. Like the shades dwelling in Hades with no connection to embodied humans on Earth, the sophists in the Protagoras are non-Athenians with no consideration for the democratic body of the Athenian πόλις. I conclude that sophistry can be detrimental to Athenian democracy bec

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Panteleev, Aleksey. "What indeed has Athens to do with Jerusalem? Early Christianity and the Second Sophistic." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 2 (2020): 567–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-567-586.

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The article deals with the early Christian literature of the 2nd–3d centuries in the context of the Second Sophistic. Famous sophists and Christian intellectuals were contemporaries, and they were educated by the same teachers. The focus of the article is on such themes as the claims of apologists for the status of ambassadors to the Roman emperors, the desire to demonstrate their education and include Christianity in the mainstream of development of ancient culture, an appeal to Greek history. When Christians tried to prove the truth of their views on the world and the deity and to demonstrat

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Gagarin, M. "Sophistic Thought." Classical Review 49, no. 1 (1999): 104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.1.104.

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Trindade, José. "«Existir» e «existência» em Platão." Disputatio 1, no. 16 (2004): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2004-0003.

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Abstract Parmenides’ argument in the Way of Truth and Plato’s theory of Forms are usually seen as mighty metaphysical constructions. But what if they are motivated by the semantic complexity of the Greek verb ‘be’? This is the approach followed throughout this paper, mostly dealing with the debate on the emergence of a separate existential reading of ‘einai,’ and the problems arising from the use of the Latin verb ‘existere’ to translate it. The analysis of some sophistic puzzles provides examples of this fused reading of the verb. They suggest that Plato’s philosophical program was intended a

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Ioli, Roberta. "Physicians of the Body Versus Therapists of the Word: Reflections On Medicine and Sophistry." Peitho. Examina Antiqua, no. 1(4) (June 3, 2014): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pea.2013.1.9.

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The aim of the present paper is to investigate the connection between ancient medicine and sophistry at the end of 5th century B.C. Beginning with analyses of some passages from the De vetere medicina (VM), De natura hominis (NH) and De arte, the article identifies many similarities between these treatises, on the one hand, and the sophistic doctrines, on the other: these concern primarily perceptual/intellectual knowledge and the interaction between reality, knowledge and language. Among the Sophists, Gorgias was particularly followed and imitated, as he was admired not only for his tremendou

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Metcalf, Robert. "What Performative Contradiction Reveals: Plato’s Theaetetus and Gorgias on Sophistry." Humanities 12, no. 2 (2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12020033.

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Socrates’ use of performative contradiction against sophistic theories is a recurrent motif in Plato’s dialogues. In the case of Plato’s Theaetetus and Gorgias, Socrates attempts to show that Protagoras’ homo mensura doctrine and Gorgias’ doctrine of the power of logos are each performatively contradicted by the underlying activity of philosophical dialogue. In the case of the Theaetetus, Socrates’ strategy of performative contradiction hinges on Protagoras’ failure to perform in the way that he theorized the sophist performing—namely, being able to change appearances through logoi (Theaetetus

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Pernot, Laurent. "The Third Sophistic." Rhetorica 39, no. 2 (2021): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2021.39.2.174.

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Levin, Donald Norman. "The Sophistic Movement." Ancient Philosophy 8, no. 1 (1988): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ancientphil19888126.

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Swain, Simon. "The Second Sophistic." Classical Review 49, no. 1 (1999): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/49.1.159.

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Advocate, Dev L. "Sophistic or sophisticate?" Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 77, no. 36 (1996): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96eo00240.

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Pernot, Laurent. "The Third Sophistic." Rhetorica 39, no. 2 (2021): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rht.2021.0008.

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McComiskey, Bruce. "Neo‐sophistic rhetorical theory: Sophistic precedents for contemporary epistemic rhetoric." Rhetoric Society Quarterly 24, no. 3-4 (1994): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773949409391015.

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Anderson, Merrick. "Immorality or Immortality? An Argument for Virtue." Rhetorica 37, no. 2 (2019): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2019.37.2.97.

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In the 5th century a number of sophists challenged the orthodox understanding of morality and claimed that practicing injustice was the best and most profitable way for an individual to live. Although a number of responses to sophistic immoralism were made, one argument, in fact coming from a pair of sophists, has not received the attention it deserves. According to the argument I call Immortal Repute, self-interested individuals should reject immorality and cultivate virtue instead, for only a virtuous agent can win the sort of everlasting reputation that makes a life truly admirable and succ

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Hoffman, David C. "Structural Logos in Heraclitus and the Sophists." Journal for the History of Rhetoric 9, no. 1 (2006): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jhistrhetoric.9.1.0001.

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Abstract This essay is an inquiry into Heraclitus' conception of logos and its importance for sophistic thought. Following G. S. Kirk, I argue that Heraclitus used logos to designate structure or ordered composition, both in language and in the physical world. Further, I propose that early sophists like Gorgias and Protagoras shared with Heraclitus a structural conception of logos. The essay proceeds by reviewing various understandings of Heraclitus and his philosophy, making the case that Heraclitus did use logos to signify structure or “ordered composition,” and by exploring the relationship

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Robinson, Eric W. "The Sophists and Democracy Beyond Athens." Rhetorica 25, no. 1 (2007): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2007.25.1.109.

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Abstract Scholars agree that a connection existed between the early sophists and democracy, usually in theoretical terms or in the association of sophists with the Athens of Pericles. However, to discuss the sophists and demokratia exclusively in the context of Athens makes little sense, given that the earliest sophists came from outside Athens and thus began to develop the ideas and practices that made them famous in other contexts. This paper considers what political experiences or background the early sophists may have had outside Athens. Examining the backgrounds of Protagoras, Gorgias, Th

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Soloviev, Roman Sergeevich. "Aristotle's Early Treatises as a Clue to Interpreting of Plato’s Euthyphro." Философская мысль, no. 6 (June 2023): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2023.6.40609.

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In this article, the author seeks to reconsider the chronology of the dialogue «Euthyphro», which is usually considered to be Plato's earliest dialogue. Having shown the incongruity of the traditional early dating, the author, proceeding from the idea of the genre evolution of Plato's work, places the dialogue among the school ones, written against the background of the composition of Plato's «Laws». In order to corroborate the thesis, the author refers to the early works of Aristotle, who had a significant role in Plato's Academy. On the basis of the «Topics» and «Sophistic Refutations» it is

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Camerotto, Alberto. "Heracles and the Monkey." Mnemosyne 75, no. 1 (2022): 113–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568525x-bja10126.

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Abstract In the pamphlet On Salaried Posts in Great Houses Lucian of Samosata analyzes the problem of the impossible relationship between misthos, ‘money’, and paideia, ‘culture’ and ‘teaching’. Money is an indispensable asset for the necessities of life. But starting with Socrates and the Sophists it becomes problematic. In Lucian’s satire the attack is directed at philosophers and the marketing of culture in the Roman Empire at the time of the Second Sophistic.

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Jarratt, Susan C. "The First Sophists and Feminism: Discourses of the “Other”." Hypatia 5, no. 1 (1990): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1990.tb00388.x.

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In this essay, I explore the parallel between the historical exclusions of rhetoric from philosophy and of women from fields of rational discourse. After considering the usefulness and limitations of deconstruction for exposing marginalization by hierarchical systems, I explore links between texts of the sophists and feminist proposals for rewriting/rereading history by Cixous, Spivak, and others. I conclude that sophistic rhetoric offers a flexible alternative to philosophy as an intellectual framework for mediating theoretical oppositions among contemporary feminisms.

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Balla, Chloe. "πέφυκεν πλεονεκτεῖν? Plato and the Sophists on Greed and Savage Humanity". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 35, № 1 (2018): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340141.

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Abstract Fifth-century authors often invoke the idea that human beings are by nature savage, and that the civilized state of human societies is imposed on them by law and custom. A possible consequence of this idea is a pessimistic anthropological account, according to which pleonexia or greed is a natural characteristic of human beings, and therefore a justified drive of human behaviour. Scholars often attribute this pessimistic account of human nature to the sophists, whose views are considered to be reflected in the speeches of Plato’s characters Glaucon and Callicles. Taking into account t

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A.Antoniou, C. Kechagias, G. Papaioannou,. "In Clouds (Nubes) of Aristophanes, Socrates appears as a sophist school owner, the Phrontisterion (‘thinkery’), in which he hosts students of all ages, in order to teach them not only philosophy, literature, physics but also effective sophistic techniques." Dramaturgias, no. 7 (July 4, 2018): 512–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/dramaturgias.v0i7.9534.

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In Clouds (Nubes) of Aristophanes, Socrates appears as a sophist school owner, the Phrontisterion (‘thinkery’), in which he hosts students of all ages, in order to teach them not only philosophy, literature, physics but also effective sophistic techniques. In Clouds opposed ideas can be found like the aims of historical Socrates’ educational method, combined with Sophists’ modern ones. Aristophanes by using specific educational techniques points out the educational contrasts and disagreements (Just Cause Vs Unjust Cause) and highlights the chasm between the empty theoretical discourse of young

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Alymova, Elena. "Pepaideumenos, or What it means to be educated in the era of the Second Sophistic." Hypothekai 7 (April 2023): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32880/2587-7127-2023-7-7-45-58.

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The article is devoted to examining the peculiarities of the phenomena of education and being educated during the so-called Second Sophistic period (1st – 3rd centuries AD). The study of the Second Sophistic as a cultural phenomenon is a relatively young area of academic interest, if viewed in the broader context of historical, philosophical, and philological studies. The pro-posed research focuses on two aspects: firstly, the Second So-phistic as a context within which “education” is understood in its specificity; secondly, the figure of the pepaideumenos, or the ed-ucated person. The article

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Muckelbauer, John. "Sophistic Travel: Inheriting the Simulacrum Through Plato's "The Sophist"." Philosophy and Rhetoric 34, no. 3 (2001): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/par.2001.0014.

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Müller, Sabine. "Icons, Images, Interpretations: Arrian,Lukian, their Relationship, and Alexander at the Kydnos." Karanos. Bulletin of Ancient Macedonian Studies 1 (November 8, 2018): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/karanos.4.

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Alexander was the most prominent Argead and one of the major figures in Second Sophistic literature. The Second Sophistic authors had their own respective images of Alexander, treatment of their sources, and intention to write about him. This paper aims at exploring Lucian's ironic response to the historiographical Alexander images in his time. It will be argued that by ridiculing the current Alexander images in Second Sophistic literature, particularly as provided by Arrian's Anabasis, Lucian did not mean to make fun of the historical Alexander but of his reception and the bias and artifice i

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Knudsen, Rachel Ahern. "Poetic Speakers, Sophistic Words." American Journal of Philology 133, no. 1 (2012): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ajp.2012.0009.

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Τζώρτζη, Μελίνα. ""Αποταμίευμα ποιητικής ύλης": Αναζητώντας τον Φιλόστρατο στην ποίηση του Κ. Π. Καβάφη". Σύγκριση 30 (30 жовтня 2021): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/comparison.27061.

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“A treasure trove of poetic material”: Seeking Philostratus in C. P. Cavafy’s poetryThis study focuses on C. P. Cavafy’s poetic and intellectual interest in the movement of the Second Sophistic and especially in the work of Philostratus II – a major representative and historian of the sophistic movement. The paper traces Philostratus’ explicit and implicit presence in Cavafy’s work and offers a close examination of three poems (“Sculptor from Tyana”, “Maker of Wine Bowls”, and “Portrait of a Young Man of Twenty- Three Done by His Friend of the Same Age, an Amateur”), which center on sophists a

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Katinis, Teodoro. "Praising Discord." Erasmus Studies 35, no. 2 (2015): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18749275-03502002.

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This paper aims to explore the variety of sophistic argumentations that the Paduan philosopher and writer Sperone Speroni (1500–1588) applies in the so-called paradoxical work Dialogo della Discordia (1542), in which style as well as content factor into the author’s interest in ancient sophistic rhetoric. In analyzing the subject, the paper focuses on the influence of Erasmus’ Praise of Folly (1511) in Speroni’s dialogue. In so doing, the paper also intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of the impact of Erasmus’ work in the Venetian area—in particular, the rebirth of ancient sophisti

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Nerczuk, Zbigniew. "The discussion of human nature in the 5th and 4th centuries BC in the so-called sophistic movement." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 15, no. 2 (2021): 513–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2021-15-2-513-523.

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The paper discusses the debate on the human nature in the sophistic thought. Focusing on the "nature - culture" controversy it presents the evolution of the views of the Sophists: from Protagoras’ optimistic contention of the progress of mankind and his appraisal of culture to its criticism and the radical turn to nature in Antiphon, Hippias, Trasymachos, and Callicles. The paper aims at presenting the analysis of the ongoing discussion, with the stress laid on reconstruction of the arguments and concepts as well as the attitudes that are associated with various positions of this debate.

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Eshleman, Kendra. "Defining the Circle of Sophists: Philostratus and the Construction of the Second Sophistic." Classical Philology 103, no. 4 (2008): 395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597183.

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