Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sorgho – Variabilité'
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Grenier, Cécile. "Diversité génétique des sorghos cultivés. Gestion des ressources génétiques et contribution des marqueurs moléculaires à la constitution de core collections." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20009.
Full textBarnaud, Adeline. "Savoirs, pratiques et dynamiques de la diversité génétique : le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor) chez les Duupa du nord Cameroun." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20103.
Full textMugambi, Caroline. "How smallhoder farmers cope with climate variability : case study of the Eastern slope of Mount Kenya." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NSAM0036.
Full textSmallholder systems are fundamental to food security for many societies but have largely remained under considered. The aim of this study was to describe how farmers in smallholder farming systems cope with climate variability. The eastern slope of Mount Kenya is characterized by high climate, social and cultural variability. Farmers practice rain-fed agriculture favouring multi-crops. A double comparative approach was implemented in order to isolate environmental and social factors, by comparing three altitudinal levels and two societies (Mwimbi and Tharaka). Crop diversity is both environmentally and socially structured. Farmers' climate knowledge is highly accurate in the light of climate rainfall records. Farming systems are also highly dynamic over time, in favor of maize and at the expense of sorghum and millet. This cropping system dynamic has induced an increasing risk of losing local farmers' varieties during drought from 1961 to 2006. However, rainfall variations and droughts do not cause seed losses homogenously, as societies interfere between crop and climate. Various sowing dates are practiced to favour the moisture conditions for the crop at germination. Seed genetic adaptability probably differs between communities, as some are usually exposed to droughts (Tharaka at 750 m) whereas others usually evolve in more favorable climatic environment (Mwimbi at 1100 m).Smallholder farmers thus cope with climatic variability with the crop genetic resources that they historically manage. Interaction between social, ecological, historical and genetic factors must be better reflected in crop genetic sampling strategies used in breeding programs to foster genetic adaptation to climate variability
Awada, Fatima. "Assesment of sorghum response to nitrogen availability." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS312/document.
Full textSeven accessions of Sorghum bicolor were grown with low (N⁻) and optimal (N⁺) nitrate supply. Growth parameters (plant height and leaf numbers), physiological parameters (nitrate, protein, total N and total C contents) and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) were studied in leaves and roots of sorghum plants at three time points of early vegetative growth (2, 4 and, 6 weeks post emergence). Plant height and leaf number were higher with nitrate supply. Except for carbon, all studied parameters were sensitive to N availability and values were typically lower when nitrate supply was low. However, different genotypes displayed considerable variation in their response to N regimes. Variation among genotypes during early vegetative development was observed for plant height, but not for leaf number. Likewise, physiological parameters varied among accessions. A significant and strong correlation, N- and accession-dependent, was detected between plant height and nitrate content. Moreover, nitrate content and GS activity at early growth stages appeared to be good markers to discriminate between nitrate uptake and assimilation capacities of different accessions under both N conditions. In some sorghum accessions, protein and total N content were indicative of high nitrate reduction and assimilation even under N limitation. Chlorophyll content was also sensitive to N availability. Furthermore, expression studies of SbNRT1.1gene copies in leaves and roots of two accessions reflected variability in expression dependent on nitrogen condition, plant organ, plant age, and gene of interest. This study is helpful to characterize different aspects of the N metabolism in sorghum and may aid in the identification of sorghum genotypes with enhanced nitrogen use efficiency, a trait that is of key interest in one of the most important crop plants in arid and semi-arid regions
Perrier, Lisa. "Analyse et modélisation de la variabilité phénotypique du sorgho biomasse pour l’exploration d’idéotypes dans un contexte de diversification des usages." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0032/document.
Full textIn the context of the energy transition, the use of ligno-cellulosic biomass for producing ‘bio-sourced’ energy and product is one of the major alternatives to oil. Sorghum bicolor is with this respect more and more studied, particularly for water limited cropping environments. Its genetic diversity is a huge opportunity for creating varieties with a high production of stem biomass, with a biochemical composition adapted to diverse end-uses and for water-limited environments. This PhD thesis takes place in the context of two projects dedicated to biomass sorghum improvement: Biomass For the Future (ANR) and BioSorg (Fondation Agropolis-Cariplo). Its objective is to understand the morphological and histochemical traits and their interactions, underlying at organ (internode) level, stem biomass production in sorghum, its genotypic variability and its plasticity in response to climatic environment, in particular water availability. For this purpose, an approach combining field experiments and eco-physiological modeling was adopted. Three experimental seasons were organized in the field (DIAPHEN platform, Mauguio, France), in order to compare genotypes under contrasted water situations (irrigated, water deficit during stem elongation). Two biomass sorghum hybrids were studied (2013-2014) to point out the traits contributing to the regulation by water availability of stem biomass accumulation. First, a common dynamics of internode development for a given genotype was highlighted for studied histochemical traits. This result will enable to use all internodes of different ages on a given plant to set up such a dynamic in a phenotyping context. Accordingly, the traits set up progressively along internode development were those with the highest drought sensitivity. Stem biomass production was reduced by drought and its biochemical composition modified. This could be explained by a reduced number of expanded internodes with a reduced length and ligno-cellulosic content. A contrario, their soluble sugar content was increased. The internodes developed after re-watering observed a remarkable recovery whereas those developed under stress did not recover. At final harvest, water deficit effect on stem biomass production was thus strongly attenuated. The same traits were studied on 8 genotypes more contrasted for stem morphology and biochemistry (2014-2015). The results confirmed those on two hybrids and showed a high genotypic variability for drought sensitivity and recovery capacity. The response to water availability of traits related to internode or stem growth and to their biochemical composition was only partially correlated. The weak correlation between biochemical and histological traits suggests that the vartiability of stem biomass quality among genotypes and environments is explained at tissue level. The stability of stem biomass production is thus a highly complex process involving trade-off among morphological and histochemical traits that may differ depending on drought pattern, targeted end-use and cycle duration.These results were used for adapting and testing the ecophysiological model Ecomeristem in its capacity to capture the traits underlying phenotypic variability in biomass sorghum, in a first time under non-limiting water conditions. Model validation was satisfying but pointed out remaining limitation in the way the model captures tillering and accordingly biomass partitioning among them. A sensitivity analysis was performed showing that the simulated genotypes with the highest stem biomass production resulted from variable trait combinations (model parameters) depending on plant density in the field. The trade-off between tillering propensity and the capacity to accumulate biomass in the individual internode was particularly influencing and the balance between these traits should be further considered in a phenotyping and ideotyping context, with respect to fluctuating environmental conditions
Soler, Clélia. "Dynamique de la diversité génétique du sorgho repiqué (Sorghum bicolor ssp. bicolor) au Nord Cameroun : facteurs biologiques et anthropiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20223/document.
Full textIn 1996, FAO has recognized the role of farmers in building and managing genetic resources. This work is part of the project PLANTADIV which main objective is to understand how biological and anthropogenic factors interact and shape diversity of cultivated plants in the Lake Chad Basin. In this region, people have developed an original agricultural innovation: the use in dry-season of flooded clay soils for transplanting sorghum. Transplanted sorghum varieties are able to tap into soil moisture reserves to complete their growth cycle in the dry-season without any water supply. Transplanted sorghum cultivation undertook a large development in the region since the middle of the XX century.The thesis project focuses on the estimation of the genetic diversity of planted sorghum and on biological and genetic mechanisms that may have contributed to its structuration both within and between landraces. We also undertook to trace the evolutionary history of planted sorghum by relying primarily on population genetics approaches to elaborate over geographical and historical hypotheses.This study revealed that at least two events of deseasonalization occurred from rain- sorghum pools from two different genetic groups. Differentiation of dry-season sorghum is stronger than that of rain-sorghum. This may be partially due to social practices: rainy sorghum are mainly exchanged through friends, families and neighbors as planted sorghum seeds are often obtain from markets. Extensive seed exchange between different human populations across the region may have blurred the geographical pattern of the genetic diversity, not allowing us to identify potential sites for deseasonalization.The second part of this work is devoted to the reproductive biology of dry-season sorghum. Direct and indirect estimation methods have shown that dry-season sorghum is, as rain sorghum, preferably selfing. Average level of out crossing is nevertheless lower in dry-season sorghum (1.8%) than it is in rain-sorghum (12%). Within landraces, variations are also smaller for dry-season sorghum than for rain-sorghum.The last part of the thesis is devoted to the impacts of agricultural practices on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum at a local scale. Genetic analyzes have shown that in both studied villages of Djongdong and Bouzar, located in the extreme north of Cameroon, each landrace named by a farmer corresponds to a genetic entity. In addition, the same morphological type among different farmers corresponds to a genetic entity. Modes of seed management and cultural practices were analyzed; they seem to have little influence on the structure of the genetic diversity of dry-season sorghum
Alencar, Figueiredo Lucio Flavio. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la diversité agronomique chez le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor ssp. Bicolor) : analyse de la diversité des séquences et de la variabilité au niveau de gènes clés pour la qualité du grain." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20253.
Full textSako, Aichata Founé Mohamed. "Vulgarisation d’un caractère prometteur d’adaptation à la variabilité environnementale : où peut-on promouvoir le photopériodisme des variétés de mil etsorgho sous les climats actuels et futurs en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080099/document.
Full textStructured in three main chapters; this study addresses multidisciplinary approach combining spatial and temporalanalysis of interannual variability of rainfall, multi-locations trials of a large and representative sample of photoperiodicvarieties of sorghum and millet combined with a photoperiod response crop model and Geographic Information System(GIS). It allowed identifying specific target environment to promote the vulgarization of photoperiodic varieties ofsorghum and millet in West Africa. This study depicted significant relationships between phenology, PP sensitivityresponses and environmental factors, where the mains components are listed below:‒ The interannual rainfall variability in West Africa over the past fifty years (1950-2000) was marked by ageneral decrease in annual rainfall characterized by high variability in the onset of growing period at lowerlatitudes and an increase in the interannual variability of the end of growing period in the northern latitudeswith least significant variability through climatic periods.‒ The spatial distribution of PP sensitivity varieties of millet and sorghum is closely related to the spatial andtemporal distribution of the interannual variability of the onset and end dates of growing period. Photoperiodsensitive varieties are located mainly at lower latitudes where the interannual variability in the onset of thegrowing period is much higher than the end of the growing period.‒ Phonological response and expression of photoperiod sensitivity are strictly dependent on sowing date andlatitude. Effects of latitude on the expression of photoperiod sensitivity and phenology are proportional tolatitude.‒ The "impatience" sub-crop model calibrated and corrected for latitudinal effect predicts and identifies moreaccurately optimal varietal adaptation areas for sorghum and millet varieties in West Africa.‒ The adequacy between calibrated duration of the phonological cycle by the crop model adjusted for latitudinaleffect and that observed in farming systems in agro-systems in Mali, allowed to validate the predicted optimalvarietal adaptation maps by defined the model
Bock, Clive. "Studies of the epidemiology, variability and control of sorghum downy mildew [Peronosclerospora sorghi (Weston & Uppal) C.G. Shaw] on sorghum and maize in Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262109.
Full textSene, Manievel. "Analyse de l'influence des systemes de culture sur la variabilite des rendements du sorgho (sorghum bicolor (l. ) moench) et sur son effet allelopathique dans le sine-saloum." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAP0027.
Full textCardoso, Leandro de Morais. "Sorghum: variability of nutrients and bioactive compounds and their heat processing stability." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/7306.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T15:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1244938 bytes, checksum: 225e3aba08d159061874e94db968fe61 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-25
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O sorgo é o quinto cereal mais produzido no mundo e considerado uma fonte de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos, especialmente 3- deoxiantocianidinas, taninos, vitamina E, policosanóis e outros compostos antioxidantes, que modulam beneficamente parâmetros relacionados com doenças não transmissíveis. Antes da utilização para consumo humano, o sorgo precisa ser processado, o que pode alterar os seus nutrientes e compostos bioativos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a variabilidade de nutrientes e compostos bioativos em sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L.) e a estabilidade deles à extrusão e processamento em forno convencional, utilizando calor seco. Cem genótipos de sorgo foram selecionados a partir de uma coleção com alta variabilidade genética da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo (Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil) e analisados quanto aos teores de carotenoides e vitamina E (tococromanois) por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) com detector de arranjo de diodos (DAD). A variabilidade genética de carotenoides e tococromanois em 100 genótipos de sorgo foi avaliada pela técnica de agrupamento de Tocher. Os cem genótipos de sorgo apresentaram alta variabilidade nos teores de tococromanois (280,7-2.962,4 μg/100g, base úmida), sendo que 23% dos genótipos foram classificados como fonte de vitamina E. Os carotenoides totais variaram entre 2,12 e 85,46 μg/100g nos cem genótipos de sorgo. De acordo com a variabilidade genética para carotenoides e tococromanois, os 100 genótipos foram divididos em sete grupos geneticamente distintos entre si. A partir de 100 genótipos de sorgo, três foram selecionados (SC319; B.DLO357 e SC391) e submetidos a três tipos de tratamento: F1) Farinha crua: grãos moídos em um moinho analítico micro-rotor (850 μm); F2) Calor seco em forno convencional/moagem (Forno/moagem): grãos inteiros submetidos ao calor seco em forno convencional (CSFC) (121 ° 25 min) e, subsequentemente, C, moídos em um moinho analítico micro-rotor (850 μm); F3) Extrusão/moagem: grãos extrudados em uma extrusora com parafuso de dupla rosca. Os grãos dos três genótipos processados foram caracterizados quanto ao flavanonas, teor de carotenoides, 3-deoxiantocianidinas, flavonas e determinados por CLAE-DAD; tococromanois e grau proantocianidinas, analisados por CLAE com detecção por fluorescência; e fenólicos totais espectrofotometria. e atividade antioxidante, As diferenças entre os determinados efeitos dos por diferentes processamentos foram avaliadas pela ANOVA, seguida do teste de Duncan (α = 5%). A retenção do total de tococromanois e equivalente de α-tocoferol diminuiu após a extrusão (69,1-84,8% e 52,4-85,0%, respectivamente), mas aumentou após processamento por CSFC (106,8-114,7% e 109,9-115,8%, respectivamente). A retenção dos carotenoides do sorgo diminuiu após a extrusão (30,7-37,1%) e CSFC (58,6-79,2%). Os teores de flavanonas e flavonas diminuíram após a extrusão (100%) e CSFC (31,7-61,6%). As 3- DXAS foram estáveis após CSFC, mas foram susceptíveis à extrusão (70,7- 93,9%). As proantocianidinas foram identificadas apenas no genótipo SC391 e reduziram em após ambos os processamentos (CSFC: 39,2% e extrusão: 52,1%). Os fenóis totais diminuíram no genótipo SC319 submetido ao CSFC (8,3%) e em todos os genótipos extrudados (13,6-14,9%). O CSFC aumentou a capacidade antioxidante de todos os genótipos, enquanto que a extrusão reduziu a capacidade antioxidante de dois genótipos. Em conclusão, o perfil de tococromanois e carotenoides apresentaram ampla variação e os genótipos apresentaram alta variabilidade genética para carotenoides e tococromanois. O sorgo apresentou-se como uma fonte de tococromanois, que aumentaram após o CSFC e diminuíram após a extrusão. O teor de carotenoides em sorgo diminuiu após o CSFC e a extrusão. A estabilidade diferencial dos principais flavonoides em sorgo foi observada após o CSFC e a extrusão, o que implica que diferentes técnicas de processamento podem ser selecionadas para minimizar a perda de polifenóis bioativos em sorgo, dependendo da composição de flavonoides.
Sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world. This cereal is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially 3- deoxyanthocyanidins, tannins, and polycosanols, which beneficially modulate parameters related to non-communicable diseases. Sorghum needs to be processed prior to use for human consumption, which may change its antioxidant compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the variability of nutrients and bioactive compounds in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and their stability to extrusion and dry heat in a conventional oven. One hundred sorghum genotypes were selected from a core collection with high genetic variability from Embrapa Maize and Sorghum (Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil) and the content of carotenoid and vitamin E were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector. The genetic variability of carotenoids and tocochromanols in 100 sorghum genotypes were assessed by Tocher’s clustering technique. The one hundred sorghum genotypes showed high variability in tocochromanol content (280.7-2,962.4 μg/100g in wet basis) and 23% of the genotypes were classified as source of vitamin E. Also, the total carotenoid content varied from 2.12 to 85.46 μg/100g in the one hundred sorghum genotypes. According to the genetic variability for carotenoids and tocochromanols, the 100 genotypes were divided into seven groups genetically distinct from each other. From 100 genotypes, three sorghum genotypes were selected (genotype SC319; genotype B.DLO357 and genotype SC391) and submitted to three types of treatment: F1) Raw flour: grains ground in a micro-rotor analytical mill (850 μm); F2) Dry heat in a conventional oven/milling (Oven/ milling): whole grains subjected to dry heat in a conventional oven (DHCO) (121 ° 25 min) and C, subsequently, ground in a micro-rotor analytical mill (850 μm); F3) Extrusion/milling: grains extruded in a co-rotating twin-screw. The grains of the three processed genotypes were characterized according to the content of carotenoids, 3-deoxianthocyanidins, flavones and flavanones, that were determined by HPLC with diode array detector; the vitamin E content and the degree of polymerization of proanthocyanidins, that were analyzed by HPLC with fluorescence detection; and the total phenolics compounds and the antioxidant activity, that were determined by spectrophotometry. Data normality on the stability of antioxidant compounds was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and the differences between treatments were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by Duncan test to compare the treatment averages, at 5% probability. The retention of the total tocochromanols and α-tocopherol equivalent decreased after extrusion (69.1-84.8% and 52.4-85.0%, respectively) but increased after DHCO (106.8-114.7% and 109.9-115.8%, respectively). Sorghum carotenoids were sensitive to extrusion (30.7-37.1%) and DHCO (58.6-79.2%). The content of flavanones and flavones decreased after extrusion (100%) and DHCO (31.7 to 61.6%). The 3-DXAs were stable in DHCO, but were susceptible to extrusion (70.7 to 93.9%). Proanthocyanidins were identified only in the genotype SC391 and reduced after both treatments (DHCO: 39.2% and extrusion: 52.1%). Phenols decreased in the genotype SC319 submitted to DHCO (8.3%) and in all extruded genotypes (13.6-14.9%). The DHCO increased the antioxidant capacity in all genotypes, whereas extrusion reduced the antioxidant capacity in only two genotypes. In conclusion, the tocochromanols profile in sorghum varied widely and the genotypes presented high genetic variability for carotenoids and tocochromanols. Sorghum was a source of tocochromanols, which increased after DHCO and decreased after extrusion. The carotenoid content in sorghum decreased after DHCO and extrusion. The differential stability of the major flavonoids in sorghum was observed under DHCO and extrusion treatments, implying that different processing techniques can be selected to minimize losses of bioactive polyphenols in sorghum depending on the flavonoid composition.
Koyama, Mikiko Lisa. "Variability in Striga Hermonthica and the stability of resistance in Sorghum." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298830.
Full textComte, Katia. "Etude de la variabilité épiphytique algale en rivière méditerranéenne. Comparaison des communautés microphytiques sur différentes plantes-hôtes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30020.
Full textEpiphytic algal communities firmly attached on vegetal substrate have been studied in natural and not polluted river, in south-east of France, the Sorgue. First, a comparative approach has been made on algal populations of a common host-plant in karstic springs : Apium nodiflorum (L. ) Lag. , according to its structural variability. Supplementary analysis has been carried out on the same macrophyte deducted from another hydrosystem, and revealed a common epiphytic pool of algae, independant of environmental and of temporal factors. Second approach has been dreaded in order to estimate the influence of macrophytic architecture on spatial distribution of epiphytes. A sampling has been realised 'in situ' on different leaflets of Apium and revealed a no-stochastic microdistribution of algae on plants, proved by randomization tests. Another analysis of microstructure in epiphyte/host-plant complex makes complete this approach. Furthermore, comparison between microphytic communities on different plants, allows to observed qualitative and quantitative variability of epiphytes, binded to structural arrangement of macrophytes. .
NEYA, ADAMA. "Relations entre sorghum bicolor (l. ) moench et colletotrichum graminicola (ces. ) wilson : variabilite, resistance varietale et pertes de rendement." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NSARA029.
Full textRuelle, Pierre. "Variabilité spatiale à l'échelle de parcelles de cultures : étude expérimentale et modélisation des bilans hyriques et des rendements." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10035.
Full textDoberenz, Sigrun. "Ambulatory monitoring of electrodermal and cardiac functioning in anxiety and worry." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-78337.
Full textNuttall, Rachel Corinne [Verfasser], Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Sorg, Afra [Gutachter] Wohlschläger, and Markus [Gutachter] Ploner. "Evoked response variability across alpha oscillatory sources to visual flicker stimulation: An investigation in humans using electrophysiological and blood-oxygenation recordings / Rachel Corinne Nuttall ; Gutachter: Afra Wohlschläger, Markus Ploner ; Betreuer: Christian Sorg." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228073260/34.
Full textSu, Hao-Tsung, and 蘇浩聰. "Studies on Genetic Variability and Single Seed Descent(SSD) Method o the Sorghum Base Population NTUAC0." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68155903391802924225.
Full text國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
86
The purpose of this thesis was to study genetic variability of the base population NTUAC0 and meployment of Single Seed Descent(SSD) method in sorghum. The results of three parts could be summarized as follows: (1) Estimation of genetic variability of the sorghum base population NTUAC0 In this study, sorghum F1 hybrid cultival Taichung number 5 (TC No.5) and 80B inbred line were used to estimate environmental variance. Sorghum base population was used to estimate the broad sense heritability. F2-struchtured population NTUA (MS)C0 was obtained from mixed seeds of all male-sterile (MS) plants of NTUAC0 population. And F3-structured population NTUA (MF) C0 was obtained from mixed seeds of all male-fertile (MF) plants of NTUAC0 population. Both NTUA(MS)C0 and NTUA (MF)C0 populations were used to estimate the narrow sense heritability, broad sense heritability and degree of dominance of the NTUAC0 base population. Evaluation was based on single plant agronomic trait.days to flower and plant height were found to have high broad sense heritability, 100-seed weight were found to have low-to-medium broad sense heritability, stalk diameter, panicle length and panicle weight were found to have hig-to0medium broad sense heritability in NTUAC0 population. F2 and F3 population from NTUACO were used to evaluate (based on single plant) and following results were found: plant height and panicle weight had high broad sense heritability; green leaf number had medium broad sense heritability; days to flower, stalk diameter and panicle length had high-to-medium broad sense heritability; 100-seed weight had low-to-medium broad sense heritability. days to flower and green leaf number had low narrow sense heritability; stalk diameter and panicle weight had low-to-medium narrow sense heritability, In population NTUAC0, days to flower×panicle weight, 100-seedweight×plant height, 100-seed weight×stalk diameter, plant height×diameter had genetic correlation. Additive variance of the days to flower,green leaf number and 100-seed weight had less dominance variance.The degree of dominance of three characters; days to flower, green leaf number and 100-seed weight were showing over dominance. (2) Random mating propagation of the NTUAC0 base population under different environments To study whether environmental factors (location, season) influence random-mating of the NTUAC0 base population, following experiments were designed. Seeds of NTUAC0 population collected in the autunm at Teipei were grown in the field at Taichung in autumn and spring Through random-mating, NTUA(FR)C0 and NTUA(SR)C0 base populations was formed. NTUAC0 and NTUA(FR)C0 populations were compared to estimated to estimate the effects of different location (Taipei, Taichung).NTUA(FR)C0 and NTUA (SR)C0 populations were compared to estimate the effect of different season (fall cropping, spring cropping). The results were as follows: In Taiwan, population means and distribution of plant height; correlation of green leaf number×panicle length were signifcantly affected by location in propagation of NTUAC0 base population by random-mating. Correlation of the green leaf number×panicle length in NTUAC0 population were affected significantly by season. Distribution of stalk diameter and 100-seed weight; population means of days to flower, green leaf number and 100-seed weight; correlation of the green leaf number×days to flower, green leaf number ×panicle weight, plant height×100-seed weight were not affected by location in NTUAC0 population. No significan seasonal effect was found on distribution of stalk diameter, panicle length, panicle weight and 100-seed weight; and population mens of days to flower, panicle weitght and 100-seed weight;and correlation of the green leafnumber×days to flower, plantheight×100-seed weight in NTUAC0 population. (3) Studies of Single Seed Descent (SSD) methods in sorghum base population Seven SSD populations: high temp.(DHiT), medium temp. (DMeT), low temp.(DLoT), loam soil with heavy fertilizer (DHeL), sand soil with heavy fertilizer (DHeS), sand soil with heavy fertilizer (DLiS), loam soil with light fertilizer (DLiL) were obtained from base population NTUA(FR)C0 in green house with high density (7×7 cm) planting under different environmental treatments (temperature, culture medium).SSD1 (one seed per plant were mixed ) and SSD10 (ten seeds per plant were mixed) populations were obtained from male-fertile plants of base population NTUAC0 in the field by using SSD method and modified-SSD method respectively. Totals of 9 populations were gained through SSD method in tall-plant, small-grain of sorghum. Using SSD method in greenhouse, the sorghum optimal temperature and culture medium were 25∼30℃ and sand soil with heavy fertilizer. Sorghum population distribution either over 30℃ temperature (days to flower) or under 20℃ temperature (green leaf number), and due to culture in loam medium with sufficient fertilizer, the acute competition occurred in population, Characters such as days to flower(skewness) and plant height(means) were affected. On the direction of selection in sorghum population, low temperature would selected against little leaf number plants and good culture-medium would selected against dwarf plants. No significant temperature effect was found in population means of piant height, stalk diameter, green leaf number, panicle length and 100-seed weight. No sighificant effect of culture-medium was found in population means of days to flower, green leaf number, panicle weight and 100-seed weight. Comparing between SSD population and modified-SSD population (10 seeds per plant were mixed), no significant sampling effect was found in the distribution and means of all agronomic characters of population except the distribution of stalk diameter due to drift effect and population means of panicle weight due to year-effect. So modifed-SSD method (2-4 seeds per plant were mixed) could maintain the same population size and genetic variability as the last generation and withoud sampling effect. Therefore, modified-SSD method could replace SSD method which overcomes problems of seed germination rate and maintains genetic variability in each generation.
Heller, Rainer [Verfasser]. "Striga-Resistenz in Sorghum bicolor und genetische Variabilität von Striga hermonthica / vorgelegt von Rainer Heller." 2002. http://d-nb.info/96399820X/34.
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