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Journal articles on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

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Kim, Jeong-Soon, Kevin L. Childs, M. Nurul Islam-Faridi, Monica A. Menz, Robert R. Klein, Patricia E. Klein, H. James Price, John E. Mullet, and David M. Stelly. "Integrated karyotyping of sorghum by in situ hybridization of landed BACs." Genome 45, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-141.

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The reliability of genome analysis and proficiency of genetic manipulation are increased by assignment of linkage groups to specific chromosomes, placement of centromeres, and orientation with respect to telomeres. We have endeavored to establish means to enable these steps in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the genome of which contains ca. 780 Mbp spread across n = 10 chromosomes. Our approach relies on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and integrated structural genomic resources, including large-insert genomic clones in bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries. To develop robust FISH probes, we selected sorghum BACs by association with molecular markers that map near the ends of linkage groups, in regions inferred to be high in recombination. Overall, we selected 22 BACs that encompass the 10 linkage groups. As a prelude to development of a multiprobe FISH cocktail, we evaluated BAC-derived probes individually and in small groups. Biotin- and digoxygenin-labeled probes were made directly from the BAC clones and hybridized in situ to chromosomes without using suppressive unlabelled C0t-1 DNA. Based on FISH-signal strength and the relative degree of background signal, we judged 19 BAC-derived probes to be satisfactory. Based on their relative position, and collective association with all 10 linkage groups, we chose 17 of the 19 BACs to develop a 17-locus probe cocktail for dual-color detection. FISH of the cocktail allowed simultaneous identification of all 10 chromosomes. The results indicate that linkage and physical maps of sorghum allow facile selection of BAC clones according to position and FISH-signal quality. This capability will enable development of a high-quality molecular cytogenetic map and an integrated genomics system for sorghum, without need of chromosome flow sorting or microdissection. Moreover, transgeneric FISH experiments suggest that the sorghum system might be applicable to other Gramineae.Key words: integrated karyotyping, FISH, sorghum, BAC.
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Rodrigues, Mariana Lins, Milena Souza dos Santos Sanchez, Danielle Zanerato Damasceno, Fábio Bittencourt, Adilson Reidel, Nelson Mauricio Lopera Barrero, and Altevir Signor. "Reproductive performance of silver catfish fed sorghum diets supplemented with phytase." Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 52, no. 8 (August 2017): 623–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2017000800008.

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Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the reproductive performance of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed diets containing sorghum, as a replacement for corn, supplemented or not with phytase. The experiment was carried out with 360 fish, with 16.02±0.58 g mean initial weight, fed diets in which low-tannin sorghum replaced corn at 0, 50, and 100%, with or without phytase supplementation (1,500 FTU per kilogram of feed). Diets supplemented with phytase or with 100% sorghum led to a reduction of visceral fat deposition and hepatic mass in males. In females, similar results were observed for diets containing phytase. Females fed sorghum-only diets, supplemented or not with phytase, had bigger oocytes. Males and females at the developing and final stages of gonadal maturation were found in all treatments. The replacement of corn by sorghum affects neither semen quality nor the fertilization rate of gametes. Therefore, complete replacement of corn with low-tannin sorghum in the diet can be performed without compromising the reproductive performance or the somatic indexes of silver catfish.
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Montoya Camacho, Nathaly, Enrique Márquez Ríos, Francisco Javier Castillo Yáñez, Saúl Ruíz Cruz, Aldo Alejandro Arvizu Flores, Wilfrido Torres Arreola, Jose Luis Cárdenas López, Santiago Valdéz Hurtado, and Víctor Manuel Ocaño Higuera. "Changes on the Development of Rigor Mortis in Cultured Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fed with a Mixture of Plant Proteins." Journal of Chemistry 2020 (June 15, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5934193.

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In recent years it has been pointed out that the feed of farmed fish has an effect on the quality of the final product. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of fishmeal (FM) replacement by a mixture of plant protein (MPP) on the development of rigor mortis of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). One hundred and twenty fish at an initial average weight of 123 ± 6.3 g were fed with three extruded isonitrogenous and isolipidic 6.2% crude lipids experimental diets, in which FM were replaced by 0% (D0), 50% (D50), and 100% (D100) of MPP (soybean meal, corn meal, wheat meal, and sorghum meal). A reference diet (DC) containing FM as the main protein source was used as a control. The fish were divided into triplicate groups per dietary treatment. The experiment was conducted in a tank system at 26.8°C water temperature for 67 days. The chemical composition of experimental diets and muscle were determined. The glycogen, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and related compounds, pH, shear force, and rigor index (RI%) were monitored during storage on ice for 48 h. The results indicated that FM replacement affected (p≤0.05) the muscle composition, where the fish fed with D100 presented the higher content of lipids and ash. Fish fed with D0 and DC presented a more pronounced onset of rigor mortis and also showed a higher IR%, a lower content of glycogen, ATP, adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP), pH, and shear force. The changes in chemical composition of muscle and other parameters evaluated indicated that FM replacement increases energy reserves (glycogen, ATP, ADP, and AMP) which delayed the onset of rigor mortis, as well as a lower pH and shear force in the muscle of tilapia. Therefore, the substitution of FM by MPP could contribute to delaying the onset of rigor mortis and with this, the quality and shelf life of tilapia could be increased.
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Omara, Timothy, Ambrose K. Kiprop, Phanice Wangila, Alex Paul Wacoo, Sarah Kagoya, Papias Nteziyaremye, Mark Peter Odero, Caroline Kiwanuka Nakiguli, and Samuel Baker Obakiro. "The Scourge of Aflatoxins in Kenya: A 60-Year Review (1960 to 2020)." Journal of Food Quality 2021 (February 18, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8899839.

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Aflatoxins are endemic in Kenya. The 2004 outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in the country was one of the unprecedented epidemics of human aflatoxin poisoning recorded in mycotoxin history. In this study, an elaborate review was performed to synthesize Kenya’s major findings in relation to aflatoxins, their prevalence, detection, quantification, exposure assessment, prevention, and management in various matrices. Data retrieved indicate that the toxins are primarily biosynthesized by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, with the eastern part of the country reportedly more aflatoxin-prone. Aflatoxins have been reported in maize and maize products (Busaa, chan’gaa, githeri, irio, muthokoi, uji, and ugali), peanuts and its products, rice, cassava, sorghum, millet, yams, beers, dried fish, animal feeds, dairy and herbal products, and sometimes in tandem with other mycotoxins. The highest total aflatoxin concentration of 58,000 μg/kg has been reported in maize. At least 500 acute human illnesses and 200 deaths due to aflatoxins have been reported. The causes and prevalence of aflatoxins have been grossly ascribed to poor agronomic practices, low education levels, and inadequate statutory regulation and sensitization. Low diet diversity has aggravated exposure to aflatoxins in Kenya because maize as a dietetic staple is aflatoxin-prone. Detection and surveillance are only barely adequate, though some exposure assessments have been conducted. There is a need to widen diet diversity as a measure of reducing exposure due to consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated foods.
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McLennan, SR, MD Savage, JA Lindsay, PK O'Rourke, and RM Murray. "Effects of sulfur and different sources and levels of nitrogen and energy on the intake and liveweight change of steers fed tropical native pasture hay." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 29, no. 2 (1989): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9890157.

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Weaner steers were fed low quality native pasture hay in pens for 84 days to determine the differences in response to supplements of molasses (280 g/steer.day) and grain sorghum (265 g/steer.day), fed with urea (45 g/steer.day), and to determine the role of sulfur in these differences. The control group consumed 1.63 kg/steer.day organic matter (OM) and lost 277 g/steer.day over the feeding period. Supplements of urea alone or urea + grain did not affect hay intake or liveweight performance but both parameters were markedly improved by supplements of urea + molasses and urea + sodium sulfate. It was concluded that sulfur, in addition to urea, was necessary to increase feed intake and reduce liveweight loss in steers fed the low-protein pasture hay. With an increase in molasses intake from 280 to 1120 g/ steer.day, total OM intake remained constant while roughage OM intake declined (P> 0.05). At the higher molasses intake both roughage and total OM intakes were greater when 37 g/steer.day of supplemental nitroin-was fed (P>0.05), suggesting that energy substitution could be countered by ensuring a non-limiting nitrogen supply. Urea, meat and bone meal or the combination of the 2 were equally effective as the nitrogen source. In a second experiment weaner steers were fed a similar hay in pens for 56 days to compare the effects of either urea or protein meal as the nitrogen source in molasses. Molasses was fed at 1120 g/steer.day. The protein meal was a formaldehyde-treated mix of cottonseed meal, meat and bone meal and fish meal (8:1:1). Unsupplemented animals consumed 2.86 kg/ steer.day OM and lost 210 g/steer.day liveweight. Total OM intake was increased similarly by both nitrogen sources (P<0.05) but, whereas steers fed urea-molasses maintained weight, those given urea molasses plus the formaldehyde-treated protein meal gained weight at 163 g/steer.day (P<0.05). The advantage of providing a protein source protected from rumen degradation was demonstrated.
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McCosker, TH, PK O'Rourke, AR Eggington, and FW Doyle. "Soil and plant relationships with cattle production on a property scale in the monsoonal tallgrass tropics." Rangeland Journal 10, no. 1 (1988): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9880018.

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Extreme variability in cattle production between replicate paddocks in a large supplementation experiment on Mount Bundey Station in the Danvin pastoral district of the Northern Territory, led to a search for reasons for the differences. Soil type, land unit and pasture parameters were related to cattle production parameters. Pregnancy rates of lactating heifers were positively related to yields of Themeda triandra, Sorghum plumosum, Eriachne burkittii and Eragrostis spp., the fist three of which declined in yield following heavy grazing pressure. Quantity of pasture was more closely correlated with animal production than was quality due to the wide range in yields and narrow range in quality attributes. Pregnancy rate in lactating heifers was more sensitive to yield of pasture species than was lactating cow pregnancy rate, breeder mortality, calf weight per breeder mated or steer average daily gain. Heifers consumed less supplement relative to their requirements than mature cows and steers and their response was not confounded by previous history. These factors probably account for their greater sensitivity to pasture variations. Pregnancy rate of cows was positively related to the proportion of lowland soil types and negatively to proportion of lithosol (hills). An equation incorporating the percentages of these soils, explained 63%. 42% and 39% of the variation in lactating cow pregnancy rate in 1982, 1983 and 1984 respectively. Variation in pregnancy rate among paddocks was therefore largely attributed to variation in the proportions of "upland" and "lowland" soil types. Sensitivity to grazing pressure of species within the native pasture was indicated by localized damage to T. triandra and S. plumosum and a large reduction in yield of Sintrans after five years of continuous grazing with access to non-protein nitrogen supplements at one breeder to 14ha. Native pastures in the Adelaide River area would not sustain this stocking rate. 18
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Gómez, Martha I., M. Nurul Islam-Faridi, Sung-Sick Woo, Don Czeschin Jr., Michael S. Zwick, David M. Stelly, H. James Price, Keith F. Schertz, and Rod A. Wing. "FISH of a maize sh2-selected sorghum BAC to chromosomes of Sorghum bicolor." Genome 40, no. 4 (August 1, 1997): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-063.

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of a 205 kb Sorghum bicolor bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing a sequence complementary to maize sh2 cDNA produced a large pair of FISH signals at one end of a midsize metacentric chromosome of S. bicolor. Three pairs of signals were observed in metaphase spreads of chromosomes of a sorghum plant containing an extra copy of one arm of the sorghum chromosome arbitrarily designated with the letter D. Therefore, the sequence cloned in this BAC must reside in the arm of chromosome D represented by this monotelosome. This demonstrates a novel procedure for physically mapping cloned genes or other single-copy sequences by FISH, sh2 in this case, by using BACs containing their complementary sequences. The results reported herein suggest homology, at least in part, between one arm of chromosome D in sorghum and the long arm of chromosome 3 in maize.Key words: sorghum, maize, shrunken locus, physical mapping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, bacterial artificial chromosomes.
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Ryadnov, A. I., O. A. Fedorova, R. V. Sharipov, and V. A. Baril. "Sorghum harvester work quality assessment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 786, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/786/1/012030.

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Subramanian, Vaidyanathan, Nadoor Seetharama, Ramamurthi Jambunathan, and Paleti Venkateswara Rao. "Evaluation of protein quality of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 38, no. 6 (June 1990): 1344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf00096a009.

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Figueroa, Debbie M., James D. Davis, Cornelia Strobel, Maria S. Conejo, Katherine D. Beckham, Brian C. Ring, and Hank W. Bass. "The Selection and Use of Sorghum (Sorghum propinquum) Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes as Cytogenetic FISH Probes for Maize (Zea maysL.)." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/386862.

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The integration of genetic and physical maps of maize is progressing rapidly, but the cytogenetic maps lag behind, with the exception of the pachytene fluorescencein situhybridization (FISH) maps of maize chromosome 9. We sought to produce integrated FISH maps of other maize chromosomes using Core Bin Marker loci. Because these 1 Kb restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes are below the FISH detection limit, we used BACs from sorghum, a small-genome relative of maize, as surrogate clones for FISH mapping. We sequenced 151 maize RFLP probes and comparedin silicoBAC selection methods to that of library filter hybridization and found the latter to be the best. BAC library screening, clone verification, and single-clone selection criteria are presented along with an example of transgenomic BAC FISH mapping. This strategy has been used to facilitate the integration of RFLP and FISH maps in other large-genome species.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

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Paiva, Kelli Cristina [UNESP]. "Utilização de ração a base de sorgo na alimentação de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre as caracteristicas zootécnicas do peixe e caracteristicas físicas, químicas, bioquímicas, histomorfológicas viscerais e sensoriais do filé." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100980.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_kc_dr_arafcf.pdf: 853846 bytes, checksum: 260b6535d470ef7f6e656a8ba1f4e0f3 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar se os diferentes níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo com baixo teor de tanino em rações para Tilápias do Nilo afetam a composição corporal, qualidade dos filés, parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e a histomorfometria do fígado e intestino. A amostra foi constituída por 250 Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticcus) machos com peso médio de 20g as quais receberam alimentação durante o período experimental com rações isocalóricas e isoprotéicas constituindo-se o grupo controle com ração a base de milho (T1) e os grupos experimentais com os seguintes níveis de substituição de milho por sorgo: 25% (T2); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) e 100% (T5). Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros coletados no momento do abate: bioquímicos (hematologia, colesterol total plasmático (CTP) e triacilgliceróis plasmáticos (TGP)); histomorfometria de fígado e porções intestinais e composição centesimal do peixe inteiro. Os peixes foram filetados e armazenados sob congelamento a -20oC por um período total de 10 meses. Amostras de filés foram coletados nos tempos 0 (imediatamente após o abate, antes do congelamento – Tempo I), após 5 meses de congelamento (Tempo II) e após 10 meses de congelamento (Tempo III) e em cada um dos tempos foram realizadas as seguintes análises: composição centesimal, NNP (Nitrogênio Não Protéico), BNVT (Bases Nitrogenadas Voláteis Totais), TBARS (Substância Reativa ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico), pH, textura por força de cisalhamento (FC), colesterol total do músculo (CT) e analise sensorial. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a substituição de milho por sorgo na ração não influenciou negativamente o desempenho dos animais, sendo peso (em média 150g) e comprimento (em média 20cm) percebidos sem diferenças estatísticas; os pesos do fígado e deposição de gordura visceral aumentaram...
The purpose of this work is to study whether the different levels of substitution of corn by sorghum with low tannin content in diets for Nile tilapia affect body composition, quality of steaks, blood biochemical parameters and histomorphometry of liver and intestine. The sample consisted of 250 male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticcus) with average weight of 20 g which were fed during the experimental period with isocaloric and isoproteic diets constituting the control group with diets based on corn (T1) and the experimental groups with the following levels of substitution of corn for sorghum: 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). The following parameters collected at slaughter were studied: biochemicals (hematology, total plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides), histomorphometry of liver and intestinal portions and proximate composition of whole fish. The fish were filleted and stored under freezingzer at -20oC for a total period of 10 months. Fillet samples were collected at time 0 (immediately after slaughter, before freezing – Time I), after 5 months of freezing (Time II) and after 10 months of freezing (Time III) and each time the following analyses were done: proximate composition, NNP (Nonprotein Nitrogen), BNVT (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen), TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), pH, texture by shear force (FC), total cholesterol of muscle (CT) and sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that the substitution of corn by sorghum in the diet did not affect negatively the performance of the animals, being weight (150 g on average) and length (20 cm on average) noticed without statistical differences, the liver weight and visceral fat deposition increased in the treatment with sorghum (T5 showing 2.42 g and 1.58 g respectively). Hematology showed a slight raise in VCM (Mean Corpuscular Volume) 166.8fL and 164.03fL in T4 and T5 respectively, against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Paiva, Kelli Cristina. "Utilização de ração a base de sorgo na alimentação de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre as caracteristicas zootécnicas do peixe e caracteristicas físicas, químicas, bioquímicas, histomorfológicas viscerais e sensoriais do filé /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100980.

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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar se os diferentes níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo com baixo teor de tanino em rações para Tilápias do Nilo afetam a composição corporal, qualidade dos filés, parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e a histomorfometria do fígado e intestino. A amostra foi constituída por 250 Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticcus) machos com peso médio de 20g as quais receberam alimentação durante o período experimental com rações isocalóricas e isoprotéicas constituindo-se o grupo controle com ração a base de milho (T1) e os grupos experimentais com os seguintes níveis de substituição de milho por sorgo: 25% (T2); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) e 100% (T5). Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros coletados no momento do abate: bioquímicos (hematologia, colesterol total plasmático (CTP) e triacilgliceróis plasmáticos (TGP)); histomorfometria de fígado e porções intestinais e composição centesimal do peixe inteiro. Os peixes foram filetados e armazenados sob congelamento a -20oC por um período total de 10 meses. Amostras de filés foram coletados nos tempos 0 (imediatamente após o abate, antes do congelamento - Tempo I), após 5 meses de congelamento (Tempo II) e após 10 meses de congelamento (Tempo III) e em cada um dos tempos foram realizadas as seguintes análises: composição centesimal, NNP (Nitrogênio Não Protéico), BNVT (Bases Nitrogenadas Voláteis Totais), TBARS (Substância Reativa ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico), pH, textura por força de cisalhamento (FC), colesterol total do músculo (CT) e analise sensorial. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a substituição de milho por sorgo na ração não influenciou negativamente o desempenho dos animais, sendo peso (em média 150g) e comprimento (em média 20cm) percebidos sem diferenças estatísticas; os pesos do fígado e deposição de gordura visceral aumentaram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study whether the different levels of substitution of corn by sorghum with low tannin content in diets for Nile tilapia affect body composition, quality of steaks, blood biochemical parameters and histomorphometry of liver and intestine. The sample consisted of 250 male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticcus) with average weight of 20 g which were fed during the experimental period with isocaloric and isoproteic diets constituting the control group with diets based on corn (T1) and the experimental groups with the following levels of substitution of corn for sorghum: 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). The following parameters collected at slaughter were studied: biochemicals (hematology, total plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides), histomorphometry of liver and intestinal portions and proximate composition of whole fish. The fish were filleted and stored under freezingzer at -20oC for a total period of 10 months. Fillet samples were collected at time 0 (immediately after slaughter, before freezing - Time I), after 5 months of freezing (Time II) and after 10 months of freezing (Time III) and each time the following analyses were done: proximate composition, NNP (Nonprotein Nitrogen), BNVT (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen), TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), pH, texture by shear force (FC), total cholesterol of muscle (CT) and sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that the substitution of corn by sorghum in the diet did not affect negatively the performance of the animals, being weight (150 g on average) and length (20 cm on average) noticed without statistical differences, the liver weight and visceral fat deposition increased in the treatment with sorghum (T5 showing 2.42 g and 1.58 g respectively). Hematology showed a slight raise in VCM (Mean Corpuscular Volume) 166.8fL and 164.03fL in T4 and T5 respectively, against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Kebakile, Martin Mosinyi. "Sorghum dry-miling processes and their influence on meal and porridge quality." Pretoria [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01152009-165345.

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Kim, Jeong-Soon. "Genomic analysis of sorghum by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1184.

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The reliability of genome analysis and proficiency of genetic manipulation in vivo and in vitro are increased by assignment of linkage groups to specific chromosomes, placement of centromeres, orientation with respect to telomeres, and linear alignment with respect to chromosomal features and dimensions. I undertook five studies aimed at integrating sorghum genomics and cytogenetics at several levels. The results help establish an entirely new "cyto-genomics" resource, impacts of which are likely to be broad. In the first study, I developed a FISH-based karyotyping system for Sorghum bicolor Moench. I used integrated structural genomic resources, including linkage maps and large-insert clonal libraries of sorghum genomic DNA to develop a 17-locus probe cocktail for simultaneous fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This probe enabled facile identification of all chromosome pairs in mitotic chromosome spreads. Perhaps just as important, I established time-efficient means to select sorghum BAC clones for multi-probe FISH. Thus, an integrated cyto-genomics system for sorghum can be constructed without need of chromosome flow sorting or microdissection, both of which are difficult and costly. In the second study, hybridization of DNA clones from 37 different genomic regions enabled the assignment of linkage groups and orientation of linkage maps to chromosomes. Comparisons between genetic and physical distances throughout the genome enabled a new nomenclature for linkage group designation in sorghum. The results provide an integrated nomenclature system of Sorghum bicolor chromosomes and linkage groups. In the third study, I created high-resolution maps by FISH to pachytene bivalents for two linkage groups (B and H), and defined relationships between pericentromeric heterochromatin, centromeres, mapped markers and recombination rates. These relationships will help guide the development and use of sorghum genomics. In the fifth study, I used FISH in two ongoing gene-targeted efforts. For the maturity gene ma5 and fertility restoration gene rfl, I estimated physical lengths between currently available flanking molecular markers. This enables estimation of recombination densities in these regions and assessment of the applicability of map-based and -assisted cloning.
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Bedwell, Margaret Susan. "Bacteriological quality of fish farm effluents." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321134.

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Alemayehu, Makonnen. "Germination and emergence salt tolerance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by seed quality and generations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184933.

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Artificially aged and non-aged seeds of 22 grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) F₁ hybrids and their F₂ and F₃ generations were evaluated for germination salt tolerance. Six of the hybrids, along with their F₂ and F₃ generations, were tested for emergence salt tolerance. Effects of seed production environments on germination salt tolerance were also studied using F₂ generations of 12 sorghum hybrids produced under full-season irrigation, limited irrigation, and double-cropping conditions. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber, on trays, while the emergence test was conducted in a greenhouse in flats filled with sand. The experiments were conducted under non-saline and saline conditions in randomized complete block designs. Artificial seed aging resulted in significant reductions in germination percentages under both non-saline and saline environments. The overall mean reduction in germination caused by seed aging was more than twice as much under salinity stress as under the non-stress conditions (48 vs. 17%), indicating differential effects of salinity on different quality seeds. Entries that appeared to be resistant to seed aging also had higher germination percentages under salinity stress. Seed production environment influenced germination performance in both non-saline and saline environments. The overall mean germination percentages of sorghum seeds produced under three different field environments were significantly different from one another. Significant differences were observed in germination and emergence percentages within F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations. Except for the F₁ entries, however, emergence index differences within the F₂ and F₃ generations were not significant. Correlations between germination and emergence percentages in the non-saline and saline treatments were generally nonsignificant. This suggests that germination and emergence responses of sorghum may vary under different salinity levels and different environments.
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Hikeezi, Doreen M. "Sorghum grain : development of methodologies for end-use quality evaluation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45913.

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is the second major cereal crop in Southern Africa after maize. Despite its importance as a cereal crop it is underutilised in Southern Africa because of insufficient characterisation and development of end-use quality evaluation methods for available cultivars, and the unattractive colour of some products from sorghum. This research aimed at developing simple methodologies for determination of important parameters of sorghum end-use quality, namely kernel hardness and kernel colour. The current research also set out to determine the cause for darkening of porridges made from white tan-plant sorghums and how this may relate to polyphenol oxidase activity. Sixteen Zambian sorghum cultivars grown during the 2008 and 2009 seasons of predominantly medium size, and ranging in colour from white to brown and red, with or without a pigmented testa were used. Endosperm texture of the sorghums determined by visual endosperm examination ranged from soft to hard. Abrasive hardness index values ranged from 6.28 to 19.64 and percentage water absorption ranged from 8.43 to 26.56%. Percent water absorption was significantly and positively correlated (r= 0.85, p <0.001) with endosperm texture and negatively correlated with abrasive hardness index (r=-0.89, p<0.01). The percent water absorption method could separate soft grains from hard grains just as well as endosperm texture and abrasive hardness index. The simplicity of the percent water absorption method makes it potentially usable by farmers and traders in remote areas where it can contribute to meaningful end-use quality assessment. The relatively dark colour of food products from white tan-plant (food-grade) sorghums can compromise their acceptability. The relationship between white tan-plant sorghum polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) and porridge colour was investigated. Sorghums (including 28 white tan-plant samples grown in Zambia over two seasons), wheat and white maize were studied. Sorghum grain was intermediate in PPO between wheat and maize. When white tan plant sorghum and maize flours were cooked into porridges, they became darker with lower L* values. More importantly, the transition from white tan-plant sorghum flour to porridge caused a much larger reduction in mean L* value (27.9) than that with white maize (16.9). There were significantly negative correlations between all white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.657, p < 0.01) and between Zambian white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.710, p < 0.001). It is apparent that PPO activity in white tan-plant sorghums is an important determinant of the relatively dark colour of food products made from them, as is the case in wheat. Grain colour is an important quality indicator in sorghum-based foods and rural sorghum farmers in sub-Saharan Africa need simple, more accessible methods for its determination. The development of a simple quantitative method for sorghum grain colour assessment by analysis of the grains and their sodium hydroxide (NaOH) extracts was studied. Sixteen Zambian sorghums (white, red and brown types which were either tannin or non-tannin) from the 2008 and 2009 seasons and a Sudanese white tannin sorghum type were assessed for surface colour using Tristimulus colorimetry before and after treatment with NaOH. The NaOH extracts were also analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC. Tristimulus colorimetry of the grain surface was able to distinguish white from coloured sorghums (brown and red) but was unable to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghum. UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC of NaOH extracts from a representative set of the grains consisting of five sorghum types (red tannin, brown tannin, white tannin, red non-tannin and white non-tannin) separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums regardless of grain surface colour. However, UV-visible absorption of NaOH extracts from the sorghum grains could not be related to grain surface colour as determined using Tristimulus colorimetry. Eleven phenolic compounds consisting of two flavan-3-ols, five anthocyanins and four 3-deoxyanthocyanins were identified in the NaOH extracts using UPLC/PDA/MS. NaOH extract from Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin) contained all of the eleven compounds identified. The flavan-3-ols (catechin and +-catechin-3-O-gallate) were present in NaOH extracts of all the five sorghums. While some anthocyanins could be identified in NaOH extracts from all five sorghums, only Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin), Sima (white non-tannin) and MMSH625 (red non-tannin) contained any 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Total peak area due to anthocyanins and 3-deoxyanthocyanins was higher for NaOH extracts from tannin sorghums compared to non-tannin. This was in agreement with the UV-visible spectrophotometry of the NaOH extracts which also separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums. This shows that with NaOH treatment, it is possible to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghums. Colorimetry of NaOH extracts from sorghum may therefore be considered as a potentially simple and cheap alternative method for distinguishing tannin from non-tannin sorghums. The findings of this research provide a platform for the development of a system which promotes an integrated and inclusive approach in using the methodologies developed for sorghum end-use quality evaluation. The methodologies will form an integral part of the system which can be applied along the sorghum value chain in sub-Saharan Africa and involve various stakeholders such as the gene bank, sorghum breeders, cereal scientists and researchers, sorghum food processors, traders, rural farmers and consumers. The efficient application of this system could lead to increased sorghum production and utilisation and contribute significantly to food and nutrition security.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Food Science
PhD
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Diallo, Sory. "Effect of genotypes and nitrogen on grain quality of sorghum." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14628.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
P.V. Vara Prasad
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is cultivated as an important food grain in the semi-arid regions of Africa. Processed grain sorghum is traditionally consumed as porridge, couscous, traditional tô or beer. The quality of such foods is highly dependent upon grain characteristics. Sorghum grain quality traits mainly include kernel hardness, kernel weight, kernel size, protein content and kernel color. Grain quality traits are often influenced by environment, genotypes, fertilizer management and their interaction. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different levels of nitrogen application (0, 45, and 90 kg ha[superscript]-1) on grain quality of selected sorghum genotypes. The field experiment was conducted at three locations in 2010 (Manhattan, Ottawa, and Hays) and at two locations in 2011 (Manhattan and Ottawa). The experiment was laid in split plot randomized complete bloc design and replicated four times. The main plots were assigned to three N regimes: control (0 kg N ha[superscript]-1), half recommended rate (45 kg N ha[superscript]-1) and recommended rate (90 kg N ha[superscript]-1). The subplots were assigned to twelve genotypes (six hybrids and six inbred lines). Plot size was 6.1 m x 3.0 m with a row spacing of 0.75 m. After harvest, grain quality traits (hardness, weight, diameter and protein content) were evaluated using standard procedures and the data subjected to statistical design using SAS. There were significant effects of genotype for most grain quality traits across both locations in Manhattan. Inbred lines SC35 and SC599 had maximum hardness at all locations while hybrid 95207, had the lowest hardness for all locations. Also, Inbred lines SC35 and Tx340 had maximum protein content at all the locations. While hybrids 95207, 26056, 23012 had the lowest protein content. Genotypes Tx430, SC35, had higher hardness and with higher protein content were classified as high quality. We conclude that application of N (45 or 90 kg ha[superscript]-1) significantly improved grain protein, but not other quality traits. There are opportunities to improve grain protein through fertilizer management and plant breeding.
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Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Forage Sorghum Hybrid Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625437.

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Forage sorghum is commonly grown in Arizona for silage for dairy cattle and is valued for its lower nitrogen fertilizer and water requirements compared to corn. Five forage sorghum hybrids were evaluated in a study conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in 2015. The hybrids tested did not differ in yield or overall feeding quality (TDN, total digestible nutrients) although some differences in heading, plant height, moisture content, and some specific quality parameters were detected.
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Wang, Xi-chang. "Comparisons of Quality of Kamaboko Gels Derived from Freshwater Fish and Marine Fish." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150361.

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Books on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

1

Sorghum. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2001.

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Connell, J. J. Control of fish quality. 4th ed. Oxford: Fishing News Books, 1995.

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Bennett, Rod. Maintenance of fish quality. [UK]: Manpower Services Commission for Sea Fish Industry Authority, 1986.

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Connell, J. J. Control of fish quality. 3rd ed. Oxford [England]: Fishing News Books, 1990.

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Johnson, Sheelagh. Maintaining fish quality: An illustrated guide. Chatham Maritime: Natural Resources Institute, 1996.

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Bremmer, H. Allan. Safety and quality issues in fish processing. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 2002.

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Luten, J. B., J. Oehlenschläger, and G. Ólafsdóttir, eds. Quality of Fish from Catch to Consumer. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-510-9.

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International Conference on Sorghum Nutritional Quality (1990 Purdue University). Sorghum nutritional quality: Proceedings of an International Conference held February 26-March 1, 1990 at Purdue University, W. Lafayette, Indiana. Edited by Ejeta Gebisa, Purdue University. International Programs in Agriculture., United States. Agency for International Development., and International Sorghum/Millet Collaborative Research Support Program. [W. Lafayette, Ind: Purdue University, 1990.

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Fish and seafood. 2nd ed. Leatherhead [England]: Leatherhead Pub., 2009.

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Huss, Hans Henrik. Fresh fish--quality and quality changes: A training manual prepared for the FAO/DANIDA Training Programme on Fish Technology and Quality Control. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1988.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

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Rooney, L. W. "Sorghum and millets." In Cereal Grain Quality, 153–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1513-8_5.

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Garthwaite, Tony. "Fish Quality." In Fish Canning Handbook, 102–31. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444323405.ch5.

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Duodu, Kwaku G. "Assaying Sorghum Nutritional Quality." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 87–108. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9039-9_7.

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Godwin, Ian, and Rachel Chikwamba. "Transgenic Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Plants via Agrobacterium." In Improvement of Cereal Quality by Genetic Engineering, 47–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2441-0_7.

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Maiti, Ratikanta, Humberto González Rodríguez, Ch Aruna Kumari, and Sameena Begum. "Sorghum Grain Quality Analysis, Food Quality Characteristics, Chemistry, and Food Processing." In Advances in Sorghum Science, 203–24. First edition.: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003127628-11.

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Lukanga, S. A., and Yunus D. Mgaya. "Fish Quality Assurance." In Lake Victoria Fisheries Resources, 255–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69656-0_13.

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Hyldig, Grethe. "Sensory Quality of Fish." In Handbook of Meat, Poultry and Seafood Quality, 459–78. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118352434.ch30.

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Gonçalves, Alex Augusto, Jette Nielsen, and Flemming Jessen. "Quality of Frozen Fish." In Handbook of Meat, Poultry and Seafood Quality, 479–509. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118352434.ch31.

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Scardi, Michele, Lorenzo Tancioni, and Stefano Cataudella. "Monitoring Methods Based on Fish." In Water Quality Measurements, 135–53. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470863781.ch8.

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Careche, Mercedes, and Isabel Sánchez-Alonso. "Quality and Quality Changes Assessment of Processed Fish." In Trends in Fish Processing Technologies, 255–76. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120461-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

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Markovic, Goran, Milomirka Madic, and Jelena Pantovic. "UPOTREBNA VREDNOST RAZLIČITIH ŽITARICA ZA ISHRANU ŠARANSKIH RIBA (CYPRINIDAE)." In SAVETOVANJE o biotehnologiji sa međunarodnim učešćem. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt26.183m.

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Wheat and corn are main source of carbohydrates in the human and domestic animals diet. Growing need for the production of quality proteins dictates the use of other cereals for this purpose. Cyprinids (Cyprinidae) are the most common fish in world aquaculture. In the numerous experiments were performed with the replacement of wheat and corn with other cereals in feed mixtures for these species. It has been established that the value of cereals for this purpose can be ranked: wheat > triticale > corn > barley > rye > sorghum > millet.
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"Improvement of sorghum grain quality using modern genetic tools." In Current Challenges in Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk State University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/icg-plantgen2019-41.

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Nirmala B. Yenagi, Vijaya G.S. Raghavan, Yvan Gariépy, Valérie Orsat, Venkatesh Sosle, Judy Campbell-Gordon, and K.C. Shashidhar. "Assessment of Popping Quality of Sorghum for Market Potentials." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16945.

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Nur, Muhammad, Maryam Resti, Fajar Arianto, Zaenul Muhlisin, Sosiowati Teke, Ade Ika Susan, Endang Kusdiyantini, et al. "Development of ozone technology fish storage systems for improving quality fish production." In 2014 International Symposium on Technology Management and Emerging Technologies (ISTMET). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istmet.2014.6936500.

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Haryani, Kristinah, Hadiyanto, Noera Handayani, Dwi Nugraheni, and Suryanto. "Effect of heat moisture treatment (HMT) on product quality of sorghum starch." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHEMICAL AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCME) 2015: Green Technology for Sustainable Chemical Products and Processes. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4938300.

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Puke, Santa, and Ruta Galoburda. "Factors affecting smoked fish quality: a review." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.020.

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Smoked sprats (Sprattus sprattus balticus) from the Baltic sea are one of the most popular processed fish products in Latvia. The amount of catching and demand is annually increasing. For producers, it is important to provide stable quality throughout the year, which sometimes is challenging due to many factors. Smoked fish quality depends not only on the seasonality, but also on the applied technologies. The aim of the current study was to review research findings about factors affecting the smoked fish quality. The databases of Science Direct, Web of Science, Wiley Online Journals and Google Scholar were searched. The first parameter that affects quality of fish till processing is raw material, its catching place and season, as well as whether it is fresh or frozen fish, that includes not only microbiological parameters, but also physical and chemical changes in fish depending on the storage conditions. The second parameter is the applied pre-treatment methods (using salt, acids) before processing, which can improve fish texture and make better result for smoked fish. The third parameter is the used technology for the fish processing, heat treatment methods use of wood chips or liquid smoke, or adjustment of smoking conditions. These all together make a lot of sensorial and textural changes in the final product. If any of these parameters is changed during processing, they can affect the smoked fish quality. Therefore, to ensure constant quality of smoked fish, in-depth knowledge of parameters is extremely important.
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Jayasundara, Dhananjaya, Lakshitha Ramanayake, Neranjan Senarath, Sanjaya Herath, Roshan Godaliyadda, Parakrama Ekanayake, Vijitha Herath, and Sujeewa Ariyawansha. "Multispectral Imaging for Automated Fish Quality Grading." In 2020 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciis51140.2020.9342726.

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Soborova, O. M., K. І. Bezyk, and O. Y. Kudelina. "Water quality of the fish-breading ponds." In IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS IN NATURAL SCIENCES. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-047-6-26.

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Lin, Rongfu, Tiesong Zhao, Weiling Chen, Yannan Zheng, and Hongan Wei. "Underwater Image Quality Database Towards Fish Detection." In 2021 IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC Workshops). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccworkshops52231.2021.9538855.

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Hidayah, S. N., NooritawatiMd Tahir, M. Rusop, and Rizam M. S. B. Shah. "Development of fuzzy fish pond water quality model." In 2011 IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering (CHUSER). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chuser.2011.6163795.

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Reports on the topic "Sorghum and quality of fish"

1

Rose, K. A. Individual-based modeling of fish: Linking to physical models and water quality. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/634025.

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Fritsch, Mark A. Habitat Quality and Anadromous Fish Production on the Warm Springs Reservation. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/650236.

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Maynard, Desmond J., Thomas A. Flagg, and Conrad V. W. Mahnken. Development of a Natural Rearing System to Improve Supplemental Fish Quality, 1991-1995 Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/418439.

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Maynard, Desmond J. Development of a Natural Rearing System to Improve Supplemental Fish Quality, 1999-2003 Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/815122.

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Maynard, Desmond J. Development of a Natural Rearing System to Improve Supplemental Fish Quality, 1996-1998 Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789584.

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Kruijssen, Froukje, Anne Rappoldt, and Catherine Ragasa. Inclusive business models for access to quality fish seed and technical assistance: Insights from Ghana. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/p15738coll2.133804.

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Heinith, Robert. Habitat Quality and Anadromous Fish Production Potential on the Warm Springs Indian Reservation: Annual Report 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6129907.

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Bevelhimer, Mark S., and Charles C. Coutant. Assessment of Dissolved Oxygen Mitigation at Hydropower Dams Using an Integrated Hydrodynamic/Water Quality/Fish Growth Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/934797.

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Wells, Vanessa. CE-QUAL-W2 Water Quality and Fish-bioenergetics Model of Chester Morse Lake and the Cedar River. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.324.

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Abernethy, C. S. Factors affecting the quality of fish caught by Native Americans in the Zone 6 fishery 1991 through 1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10189673.

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