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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sorghum and quality of fish'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Paiva, Kelli Cristina [UNESP]. "Utilização de ração a base de sorgo na alimentação de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre as caracteristicas zootécnicas do peixe e caracteristicas físicas, químicas, bioquímicas, histomorfológicas viscerais e sensoriais do filé." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100980.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:17Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paiva_kc_dr_arafcf.pdf: 853846 bytes, checksum: 260b6535d470ef7f6e656a8ba1f4e0f3 (MD5)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar se os diferentes níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo com baixo teor de tanino em rações para Tilápias do Nilo afetam a composição corporal, qualidade dos filés, parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e a histomorfometria do fígado e intestino. A amostra foi constituída por 250 Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticcus) machos com peso médio de 20g as quais receberam alimentação durante o período experimental com rações isocalóricas e isoprotéicas constituindo-se o grupo controle com ração a base de milho (T1) e os grupos experimentais com os seguintes níveis de substituição de milho por sorgo: 25% (T2); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) e 100% (T5). Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros coletados no momento do abate: bioquímicos (hematologia, colesterol total plasmático (CTP) e triacilgliceróis plasmáticos (TGP)); histomorfometria de fígado e porções intestinais e composição centesimal do peixe inteiro. Os peixes foram filetados e armazenados sob congelamento a -20oC por um período total de 10 meses. Amostras de filés foram coletados nos tempos 0 (imediatamente após o abate, antes do congelamento – Tempo I), após 5 meses de congelamento (Tempo II) e após 10 meses de congelamento (Tempo III) e em cada um dos tempos foram realizadas as seguintes análises: composição centesimal, NNP (Nitrogênio Não Protéico), BNVT (Bases Nitrogenadas Voláteis Totais), TBARS (Substância Reativa ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico), pH, textura por força de cisalhamento (FC), colesterol total do músculo (CT) e analise sensorial. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a substituição de milho por sorgo na ração não influenciou negativamente o desempenho dos animais, sendo peso (em média 150g) e comprimento (em média 20cm) percebidos sem diferenças estatísticas; os pesos do fígado e deposição de gordura visceral aumentaram...
The purpose of this work is to study whether the different levels of substitution of corn by sorghum with low tannin content in diets for Nile tilapia affect body composition, quality of steaks, blood biochemical parameters and histomorphometry of liver and intestine. The sample consisted of 250 male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticcus) with average weight of 20 g which were fed during the experimental period with isocaloric and isoproteic diets constituting the control group with diets based on corn (T1) and the experimental groups with the following levels of substitution of corn for sorghum: 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). The following parameters collected at slaughter were studied: biochemicals (hematology, total plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides), histomorphometry of liver and intestinal portions and proximate composition of whole fish. The fish were filleted and stored under freezingzer at -20oC for a total period of 10 months. Fillet samples were collected at time 0 (immediately after slaughter, before freezing – Time I), after 5 months of freezing (Time II) and after 10 months of freezing (Time III) and each time the following analyses were done: proximate composition, NNP (Nonprotein Nitrogen), BNVT (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen), TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), pH, texture by shear force (FC), total cholesterol of muscle (CT) and sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that the substitution of corn by sorghum in the diet did not affect negatively the performance of the animals, being weight (150 g on average) and length (20 cm on average) noticed without statistical differences, the liver weight and visceral fat deposition increased in the treatment with sorghum (T5 showing 2.42 g and 1.58 g respectively). Hematology showed a slight raise in VCM (Mean Corpuscular Volume) 166.8fL and 164.03fL in T4 and T5 respectively, against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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2

Paiva, Kelli Cristina. "Utilização de ração a base de sorgo na alimentação de Tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre as caracteristicas zootécnicas do peixe e caracteristicas físicas, químicas, bioquímicas, histomorfológicas viscerais e sensoriais do filé /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100980.

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Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar se os diferentes níveis de substituição do milho pelo sorgo com baixo teor de tanino em rações para Tilápias do Nilo afetam a composição corporal, qualidade dos filés, parâmetros bioquímicos do sangue e a histomorfometria do fígado e intestino. A amostra foi constituída por 250 Tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticcus) machos com peso médio de 20g as quais receberam alimentação durante o período experimental com rações isocalóricas e isoprotéicas constituindo-se o grupo controle com ração a base de milho (T1) e os grupos experimentais com os seguintes níveis de substituição de milho por sorgo: 25% (T2); 50% (T3); 75% (T4) e 100% (T5). Foram estudados os seguintes parâmetros coletados no momento do abate: bioquímicos (hematologia, colesterol total plasmático (CTP) e triacilgliceróis plasmáticos (TGP)); histomorfometria de fígado e porções intestinais e composição centesimal do peixe inteiro. Os peixes foram filetados e armazenados sob congelamento a -20oC por um período total de 10 meses. Amostras de filés foram coletados nos tempos 0 (imediatamente após o abate, antes do congelamento - Tempo I), após 5 meses de congelamento (Tempo II) e após 10 meses de congelamento (Tempo III) e em cada um dos tempos foram realizadas as seguintes análises: composição centesimal, NNP (Nitrogênio Não Protéico), BNVT (Bases Nitrogenadas Voláteis Totais), TBARS (Substância Reativa ao Ácido Tiobarbitúrico), pH, textura por força de cisalhamento (FC), colesterol total do músculo (CT) e analise sensorial. Os resultados encontrados demonstraram que a substituição de milho por sorgo na ração não influenciou negativamente o desempenho dos animais, sendo peso (em média 150g) e comprimento (em média 20cm) percebidos sem diferenças estatísticas; os pesos do fígado e deposição de gordura visceral aumentaram... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to study whether the different levels of substitution of corn by sorghum with low tannin content in diets for Nile tilapia affect body composition, quality of steaks, blood biochemical parameters and histomorphometry of liver and intestine. The sample consisted of 250 male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticcus) with average weight of 20 g which were fed during the experimental period with isocaloric and isoproteic diets constituting the control group with diets based on corn (T1) and the experimental groups with the following levels of substitution of corn for sorghum: 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) and 100% (T5). The following parameters collected at slaughter were studied: biochemicals (hematology, total plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides), histomorphometry of liver and intestinal portions and proximate composition of whole fish. The fish were filleted and stored under freezingzer at -20oC for a total period of 10 months. Fillet samples were collected at time 0 (immediately after slaughter, before freezing - Time I), after 5 months of freezing (Time II) and after 10 months of freezing (Time III) and each time the following analyses were done: proximate composition, NNP (Nonprotein Nitrogen), BNVT (Total Volatile Base Nitrogen), TBARS (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), pH, texture by shear force (FC), total cholesterol of muscle (CT) and sensory analysis. The results demonstrated that the substitution of corn by sorghum in the diet did not affect negatively the performance of the animals, being weight (150 g on average) and length (20 cm on average) noticed without statistical differences, the liver weight and visceral fat deposition increased in the treatment with sorghum (T5 showing 2.42 g and 1.58 g respectively). Hematology showed a slight raise in VCM (Mean Corpuscular Volume) 166.8fL and 164.03fL in T4 and T5 respectively, against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: João Bosco Faria
Coorientador: Luciana Thie Seki Dias
Banca: Celia Maria de Sylos
Banca: Thais Borges Cesar
Banca: Marta Regina Verruma Bernardi
Banca: Maroco Aurélio Marteline
Doutor
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3

Kebakile, Martin Mosinyi. "Sorghum dry-miling processes and their influence on meal and porridge quality." Pretoria [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01152009-165345.

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4

Kim, Jeong-Soon. "Genomic analysis of sorghum by fluorescence in situ hybridization." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1184.

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The reliability of genome analysis and proficiency of genetic manipulation in vivo and in vitro are increased by assignment of linkage groups to specific chromosomes, placement of centromeres, orientation with respect to telomeres, and linear alignment with respect to chromosomal features and dimensions. I undertook five studies aimed at integrating sorghum genomics and cytogenetics at several levels. The results help establish an entirely new "cyto-genomics" resource, impacts of which are likely to be broad. In the first study, I developed a FISH-based karyotyping system for Sorghum bicolor Moench. I used integrated structural genomic resources, including linkage maps and large-insert clonal libraries of sorghum genomic DNA to develop a 17-locus probe cocktail for simultaneous fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This probe enabled facile identification of all chromosome pairs in mitotic chromosome spreads. Perhaps just as important, I established time-efficient means to select sorghum BAC clones for multi-probe FISH. Thus, an integrated cyto-genomics system for sorghum can be constructed without need of chromosome flow sorting or microdissection, both of which are difficult and costly. In the second study, hybridization of DNA clones from 37 different genomic regions enabled the assignment of linkage groups and orientation of linkage maps to chromosomes. Comparisons between genetic and physical distances throughout the genome enabled a new nomenclature for linkage group designation in sorghum. The results provide an integrated nomenclature system of Sorghum bicolor chromosomes and linkage groups. In the third study, I created high-resolution maps by FISH to pachytene bivalents for two linkage groups (B and H), and defined relationships between pericentromeric heterochromatin, centromeres, mapped markers and recombination rates. These relationships will help guide the development and use of sorghum genomics. In the fifth study, I used FISH in two ongoing gene-targeted efforts. For the maturity gene ma5 and fertility restoration gene rfl, I estimated physical lengths between currently available flanking molecular markers. This enables estimation of recombination densities in these regions and assessment of the applicability of map-based and -assisted cloning.
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5

Bedwell, Margaret Susan. "Bacteriological quality of fish farm effluents." Thesis, University of Hull, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321134.

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6

Alemayehu, Makonnen. "Germination and emergence salt tolerance of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) as influenced by seed quality and generations." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184933.

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Artificially aged and non-aged seeds of 22 grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) F₁ hybrids and their F₂ and F₃ generations were evaluated for germination salt tolerance. Six of the hybrids, along with their F₂ and F₃ generations, were tested for emergence salt tolerance. Effects of seed production environments on germination salt tolerance were also studied using F₂ generations of 12 sorghum hybrids produced under full-season irrigation, limited irrigation, and double-cropping conditions. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber, on trays, while the emergence test was conducted in a greenhouse in flats filled with sand. The experiments were conducted under non-saline and saline conditions in randomized complete block designs. Artificial seed aging resulted in significant reductions in germination percentages under both non-saline and saline environments. The overall mean reduction in germination caused by seed aging was more than twice as much under salinity stress as under the non-stress conditions (48 vs. 17%), indicating differential effects of salinity on different quality seeds. Entries that appeared to be resistant to seed aging also had higher germination percentages under salinity stress. Seed production environment influenced germination performance in both non-saline and saline environments. The overall mean germination percentages of sorghum seeds produced under three different field environments were significantly different from one another. Significant differences were observed in germination and emergence percentages within F₁, F₂, and F₃ generations. Except for the F₁ entries, however, emergence index differences within the F₂ and F₃ generations were not significant. Correlations between germination and emergence percentages in the non-saline and saline treatments were generally nonsignificant. This suggests that germination and emergence responses of sorghum may vary under different salinity levels and different environments.
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7

Hikeezi, Doreen M. "Sorghum grain : development of methodologies for end-use quality evaluation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/45913.

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] is the second major cereal crop in Southern Africa after maize. Despite its importance as a cereal crop it is underutilised in Southern Africa because of insufficient characterisation and development of end-use quality evaluation methods for available cultivars, and the unattractive colour of some products from sorghum. This research aimed at developing simple methodologies for determination of important parameters of sorghum end-use quality, namely kernel hardness and kernel colour. The current research also set out to determine the cause for darkening of porridges made from white tan-plant sorghums and how this may relate to polyphenol oxidase activity. Sixteen Zambian sorghum cultivars grown during the 2008 and 2009 seasons of predominantly medium size, and ranging in colour from white to brown and red, with or without a pigmented testa were used. Endosperm texture of the sorghums determined by visual endosperm examination ranged from soft to hard. Abrasive hardness index values ranged from 6.28 to 19.64 and percentage water absorption ranged from 8.43 to 26.56%. Percent water absorption was significantly and positively correlated (r= 0.85, p <0.001) with endosperm texture and negatively correlated with abrasive hardness index (r=-0.89, p<0.01). The percent water absorption method could separate soft grains from hard grains just as well as endosperm texture and abrasive hardness index. The simplicity of the percent water absorption method makes it potentially usable by farmers and traders in remote areas where it can contribute to meaningful end-use quality assessment. The relatively dark colour of food products from white tan-plant (food-grade) sorghums can compromise their acceptability. The relationship between white tan-plant sorghum polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) and porridge colour was investigated. Sorghums (including 28 white tan-plant samples grown in Zambia over two seasons), wheat and white maize were studied. Sorghum grain was intermediate in PPO between wheat and maize. When white tan plant sorghum and maize flours were cooked into porridges, they became darker with lower L* values. More importantly, the transition from white tan-plant sorghum flour to porridge caused a much larger reduction in mean L* value (27.9) than that with white maize (16.9). There were significantly negative correlations between all white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.657, p < 0.01) and between Zambian white tan-plant sorghum PPO activity and porridge L* values (r = -0.710, p < 0.001). It is apparent that PPO activity in white tan-plant sorghums is an important determinant of the relatively dark colour of food products made from them, as is the case in wheat. Grain colour is an important quality indicator in sorghum-based foods and rural sorghum farmers in sub-Saharan Africa need simple, more accessible methods for its determination. The development of a simple quantitative method for sorghum grain colour assessment by analysis of the grains and their sodium hydroxide (NaOH) extracts was studied. Sixteen Zambian sorghums (white, red and brown types which were either tannin or non-tannin) from the 2008 and 2009 seasons and a Sudanese white tannin sorghum type were assessed for surface colour using Tristimulus colorimetry before and after treatment with NaOH. The NaOH extracts were also analysed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC. Tristimulus colorimetry of the grain surface was able to distinguish white from coloured sorghums (brown and red) but was unable to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghum. UV-visible spectrophotometry and reverse phase HPLC of NaOH extracts from a representative set of the grains consisting of five sorghum types (red tannin, brown tannin, white tannin, red non-tannin and white non-tannin) separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums regardless of grain surface colour. However, UV-visible absorption of NaOH extracts from the sorghum grains could not be related to grain surface colour as determined using Tristimulus colorimetry. Eleven phenolic compounds consisting of two flavan-3-ols, five anthocyanins and four 3-deoxyanthocyanins were identified in the NaOH extracts using UPLC/PDA/MS. NaOH extract from Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin) contained all of the eleven compounds identified. The flavan-3-ols (catechin and +-catechin-3-O-gallate) were present in NaOH extracts of all the five sorghums. While some anthocyanins could be identified in NaOH extracts from all five sorghums, only Framida *SDS[3845]23-2-1 (red tannin), Sima (white non-tannin) and MMSH625 (red non-tannin) contained any 3-deoxyanthocyanins. Total peak area due to anthocyanins and 3-deoxyanthocyanins was higher for NaOH extracts from tannin sorghums compared to non-tannin. This was in agreement with the UV-visible spectrophotometry of the NaOH extracts which also separated the tannin from non-tannin sorghums. This shows that with NaOH treatment, it is possible to separate tannin from non-tannin sorghums. Colorimetry of NaOH extracts from sorghum may therefore be considered as a potentially simple and cheap alternative method for distinguishing tannin from non-tannin sorghums. The findings of this research provide a platform for the development of a system which promotes an integrated and inclusive approach in using the methodologies developed for sorghum end-use quality evaluation. The methodologies will form an integral part of the system which can be applied along the sorghum value chain in sub-Saharan Africa and involve various stakeholders such as the gene bank, sorghum breeders, cereal scientists and researchers, sorghum food processors, traders, rural farmers and consumers. The efficient application of this system could lead to increased sorghum production and utilisation and contribute significantly to food and nutrition security.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Food Science
PhD
Unrestricted
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8

Diallo, Sory. "Effect of genotypes and nitrogen on grain quality of sorghum." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/14628.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
P.V. Vara Prasad
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is cultivated as an important food grain in the semi-arid regions of Africa. Processed grain sorghum is traditionally consumed as porridge, couscous, traditional tô or beer. The quality of such foods is highly dependent upon grain characteristics. Sorghum grain quality traits mainly include kernel hardness, kernel weight, kernel size, protein content and kernel color. Grain quality traits are often influenced by environment, genotypes, fertilizer management and their interaction. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different levels of nitrogen application (0, 45, and 90 kg ha[superscript]-1) on grain quality of selected sorghum genotypes. The field experiment was conducted at three locations in 2010 (Manhattan, Ottawa, and Hays) and at two locations in 2011 (Manhattan and Ottawa). The experiment was laid in split plot randomized complete bloc design and replicated four times. The main plots were assigned to three N regimes: control (0 kg N ha[superscript]-1), half recommended rate (45 kg N ha[superscript]-1) and recommended rate (90 kg N ha[superscript]-1). The subplots were assigned to twelve genotypes (six hybrids and six inbred lines). Plot size was 6.1 m x 3.0 m with a row spacing of 0.75 m. After harvest, grain quality traits (hardness, weight, diameter and protein content) were evaluated using standard procedures and the data subjected to statistical design using SAS. There were significant effects of genotype for most grain quality traits across both locations in Manhattan. Inbred lines SC35 and SC599 had maximum hardness at all locations while hybrid 95207, had the lowest hardness for all locations. Also, Inbred lines SC35 and Tx340 had maximum protein content at all the locations. While hybrids 95207, 26056, 23012 had the lowest protein content. Genotypes Tx430, SC35, had higher hardness and with higher protein content were classified as high quality. We conclude that application of N (45 or 90 kg ha[superscript]-1) significantly improved grain protein, but not other quality traits. There are opportunities to improve grain protein through fertilizer management and plant breeding.
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9

Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Forage Sorghum Hybrid Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625437.

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7 pp.
Forage sorghum is commonly grown in Arizona for silage for dairy cattle and is valued for its lower nitrogen fertilizer and water requirements compared to corn. Five forage sorghum hybrids were evaluated in a study conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in 2015. The hybrids tested did not differ in yield or overall feeding quality (TDN, total digestible nutrients) although some differences in heading, plant height, moisture content, and some specific quality parameters were detected.
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Wang, Xi-chang. "Comparisons of Quality of Kamaboko Gels Derived from Freshwater Fish and Marine Fish." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150361.

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11

Robb, David Henry Francis. "Some factors affecting the flesh quality of salmonids : pigmentation, composition and eating quality." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c474b238-aff0-4c37-96af-e223c441f6eb.

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This thesis is concerned with identifying some of the factors which affect the flesh quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The flesh of any food animal is of utmost importance. Much work has been carried out on the flesh of land animals, but comparatively little is known about the factors which affect the quality of fish flesh. Salmonids have been farmed for a relatively short period of time, but great advances have been made in the techniques for their rearing. Now that the fish can be grown easily, more information is required on the factors which affect their fish quality in order to produce a consistent product. Fish fed a high oil diet have a significantly higher level of flesh lipid than fish of the same size fed a low oil diet (uncertainty p < 0.001). This has implications for the eating quality of the fish as many attributes of the eating quality of smoked salmon are significantly affected by the flesh lipid content. The flesh texture becomes softer and the flavours stronger, apart from salty flavour which decreases dramatically with increasing lipid (p < 0.001). The general effect of increasing lipid is to increase the perception of overall flavour and the overall liking of the product, as judged by the ten person trained taste panel. In contrast there are much fewer effects of the lipid content on cooked salmon and there are no effects on the overall flavour or overall liking (p > 0.05). The colour of the flesh is of great importance to the flesh quality of salmonids. Stress at slaughter is known to affect the muscle chemistry post-slaughter. This work shows that reducing stress at slaughter significantly increases the colour of the flesh, resulting in lower lightness (p < 0.05), an increased red hue (p < 0.05) and reduced opacity (p < 0.05) as measured using the CElab 1976 method. The change in colour is also shown by an increased Roche colour card score using the subjective colour card score (p < 0.05). Reduced stress at slaughter is also found to result in a longer time to the onset of rigor (p < 0.001) and a reduced susceptibility to gaping of the flesh (p < 0.01). Current commercial 'best practice' methods of slaughter were found to be highly stressful to the fish. The red colour of the flesh has been previously reported to reduce during storage, but this research found no changes in the level of the pigment astaxanthin during 12 days of storage of salmon fillets on ice. No effects of the level of astaxanthin or the antioxidant vitamins ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol at slaughter were found on the eating quality of the cooked flesh, either fresh or after 12 days storage on ice. However, many other attributes of the eating quality were significantly affected during the storage period, with increases in many flavours and textures associated with "off' fish. This translated into a significant reduction in the expression of overall liking by the trained taste panel (p < 0.001). The research for this thesis has shown areas where further research is required to investigate factors having effects on flesh quality. The most important of these new areas is the effect of stress level at slaughter on flesh quality. There is a strong possibility that stress at this point has wide ranging effects, the results of which may actually confound improvements introduced into in other areas of quality control unless they are eliminated from salmon farming practices.
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Misimi, Ekrem. "Computer vision for quality grading in fish processing." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Engineering Cybernetics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1957.

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High labour costs, due to the existing technology that still involves a high degree of manually based processing, incur overall high production costs in the fish processing industry. Therefore, a higher degree of automation of processing lines is often desirable, and this strategy has been adopted by the Norwegian fish processing industry to cut-down production costs. In fish processing, despite a slower uptake than in other domains of industry, the use of computer vision as a strategy for automation is beginning to gain the necessary maturity for online grading and evaluation of various attributes related to fish quality. This can enable lower production costs and simultaneously increase quality through more consistent and non-destructive evaluation of the fish products.

This thesis investigates the possibility for automation of fish processing operations by the application of computer vision. The thesis summarises research conducted towards the development of computer vision-based methods for evaluation of various attributes related to whole fish and flesh quality. A brief summary of the main findings is presented here.

By application of computer vision, a method for the inspection of the presence of residual blood in the body cavity of whole Atlantic salmon was developed to determine the adequacy of washing. Inadequate washing of fish after bleeding is quite common in commercial processing plants. By segmenting the body cavity and performing a colour analysis, it was shown that the degree of bleeding correlated well with colour parameters, resulting in correct classification of the fish with residual blood. The developed computer vision-based classifier showed a good agreement with the manual classification of the fish that needed re-washing. The proposed method has potential to automate this type of inspection in fish processing lines.

In addition, a computer vision-based classifier for quality grading of whole Atlantic salmon in different grading classes, as specified by the industrial standard, was developed. In the proposed solution, after segmentation of the salmon from the image scene, with the use of the computer vision techniques, it was possible to extract non-redundant geometrical features describing the size and shape of fish. Based on these features, a classifier was developed for classification of fish into respective grading classes. The average correct rate of classification was in good agreement with the manual labelling, and the method has a potential for grading of Atlantic salmon in fish processing lines.

Regarding fillet grading, a computer vision-based sorting method for Atlantic salmon fillets according to their colour score was developed. The method and classifier/matching algorithm was based on the present industrial standard NS 9402 for evaluation of fillets by colour according to Roche Cards. As a result, fillets or parts of fillets, could be classified into different colour grades. This is important for the industry since different markets tend to have different preferences for fillet colour. This classification method is suitable for online industrial purposes. In addition, the method gives colour evaluation of fresh and smoked fillets in the CIELab space, similar to the L, a, and b values generated by a Minolta Chromameter, for different parts of fillets as well as for the entire fillet. The advantage of the computer vision-based method derives from the flexibility in the choice of the size of the region of interest of the fillet for colour measurement, as opposed to the Chromameter, where the Minolta generated values are obtained by interrogating a very small area of the fillet (8 mm). The method can also be used for detection of colour non-uniformities (discoloration) in both fresh and smoked fillets.

A method for computer vision-based measurements and monitoring of transient 2D and 3D changes in the size and shape of fillets during the rigor process and ice storage was developed. The method successfully measured the size (length, width, area) and shape (roundness) of Atlantic salmon and cod fillets, and monitored changes to these during ice storage with high precision. This was demonstrated by comparison of the exhausted and anesthetized fillets. By laser scanning of the fillet, it was possible to obtain size changes in the height (mm) and area of the fillet in cross-section. The method can be used not only for size and shape analysis of fillets but also for other fish products, both in on-line, as well as off-line conditions as a tool for monitoring 2D/3D size and shape changes. The method can also be used for determination of fillet yield measured in thickness, which is an important parameter for the industry. Together with the colour grading ability, this method can also be used for full feature evaluation and classification of any fish or food product from a single image (colour, size and shape in 2D/3D).

If filleting of fish is done pre-rigor, care should be exercised during colour grading since transient colour changes occur in the post-mortem period. As these changes are more pronounced than those that occur during ice storage, incorrect colour grading can occur. The computer vision method developed for evaluation of colour changes in fillets during rigor, ice storage, and due to effects of perimortem handling stress was considered as the most suitable method for industrial purposes when compared to both the Minolta Chromamater and sensory analysis by a panel.

A computer vision-based method for evaluation of fresh and smoked fillets with respect to bleeding was developed. This form of evaluation is important for the industry as residual blood in fillets may lead to reduced visual acceptance of the product. The method was considered suitable for the purpose of this type of evaluation.

The developed computer vision methods have potential for automation of the mentioned grading operations in the commercial fish processing lines. Application of the proposed solutions would lower the production costs, while simultaneously increasing the quality of the products through a more consistent and non-destructive evaluation of these products.

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13

Podder, Swarup. "Screening for Forage Sorghum Genotypes with Chilling Tolerance." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31689.

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Forage sorghum (FS) [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a warm-season biomass crop with the potential to become a bioenergy feedstock. The objective of this study was to screen potential FS genotypes for increased chilling tolerance and biomass productivity. The experiments were conducted in Fargo and Hickson, ND, in 2017 and 2018. Seventy-two genotypes of FS were tested at 24, 12, and 10℃. The genotypes were ranked from high to low vigor index and 12 genotypes were planted on two seeding dates: early (10 May) and late (27 May). Field emergence index values were greater for the late-seeding compared with the early-seeding date. Stand establishment and seed mortality were affected by the seeding date. Biomass yield correlated with emergence index and normalized vegetative index. Some of the genotypes tested had increased chilling tolerance and biomass yield when seeded earlier than normal, and may be used for breeding chilling tolerance into FS.
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14

Skaar, Garrett Richard. "Effects of sorghum grain and sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles on the composition, quality and sensory attributes of ground pork." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13139.

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Master of Science
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry
Terry A. Houser
A total of 48 carcasses were taken from a larger trial using 288 pigs (PIC TR4 × 1050, initially 58.9 kg) in a 73 d feeding study to determine the effects of sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles (S-DDGS) in sorghum- or corn-based diets on ground pork quality. The dietary treatments included: sorghum-based diets with 0, 15, 30, or 45% SDDGS, a sorghum-based diet with 30% corn DDGS (C-DDGS) and a corn-based diet with 30% C-DDGS. Shoulders from 24 barrow and 24 gilt carcasses were ground and evaluated for proximate and fatty acid composition, iodine value (IV), objective color, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and sensory attributes. No finishing diet × gender interaction was detected for composition, fatty acid profile, color or TBARS (P > 0.05). Pork from gilts contained less fat and more moisture (P < 0.001), was less saturated with a greater IV and total percentage of PUFA (P < 0.01), and also had a lower L* value (P < 0.001) and higher a* value (P = 0.006) than pork from barrows. Gender did not affect total color change ( E) from 0 to 120 h (P = 0.30), TBARS (P = 0.08), or sensory attributes (P ≥ 0.32). Finishing diet had no affect on total fat, moisture, or protein composition (P ≥ 0.18). Increasing S-DDGS resulted in a linear (P < 0.001) decrease in SFA and MUFA and an increase (P < 0.01) in PUFA and ground pork IV. Pork from pigs fed 30% S-DDGS had a greater percentage of MUFA (P = 0.01) and a lower percentage of PUFA (P > 0.006) and reduced IV (P = 0.03) compared to pork from pigs fed the sorghum-based diet with 30% C-DDGS. Diet did not affect TBARS (P = 0.37) or L*, a*, or b* values (P ≥ 0.11) but was shown to influence E (P = 0.01) with pork from pigs fed sorghum grain and 30% S-DDGS having less total change than all other treatments. It is concluded that consumers will not be able to differentiate ground pork from pigs fed DDGS and that feeding sorghum grain and S-DDGS can be done without affecting ground pork quality.
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Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Effect of Amount of Irrigation Water Applied on Forage Sorghum Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625436.

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8 pp.
Irrigation water is a major input into production of a forage crop. The purpose of this research is to compare the yield and quality of forage sorghum grown with differing amounts of irrigation water. A linear move sprinkler system was used to apply 11 water application amounts from 23.79 to 35.52 inches over the season. Forage yield peaked at a water application amount of around 32.60 inches according to a quadratic function of yield vs water applied. Increasing irrigation amount decreased forage quality by increasing fiber components. Profit was maximized at 30.20 to 32.60 inches of applied water, which is slightly less than that for maximum yield.
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Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate Effect on Forage Sorghum Yield, Quality, and Tissue Nitrogen Concentrations at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625439.

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13 pp.
A nitrogen fertilizer study was conducted in order to determine the effect of N rates on forage sorghum yield and quality and to develop tissue testing guidelines for fertilizer application to forage sorghum. The study was conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural center on sandy clay loam soil irrigated using the flood method. Forage sorghum was fertilized with six N rates varying from 0 to 250 lb N/acre in 50 lb N/acre increments. The whole plant, lower stem, and most recently expanded leaf were sampled five times during the growing season and analyzed for N content in order to establish tissue N guidelines for fertilizer application. The plant part that was most sensitive to N fertilizer application and plant N status was lower stem. Leaf and plant N levels were not affected by fertilizer application. The stem nitrate and stem N tests were able to identify N deficient plants very early in the season, long before plant growth was affected by the N deficiency, unlike leaf and plant N. Forage yield at final harvest fitted to a quadratic function was maximized at the 250 lb N/acre N rate. However, the yield increase with any amount of fertilizer did not pay for the cost of the fertilizer and the most economical N rate for yield was no N fertilizer applied at all. In terms of milk per acre, the maximum was achieved at 150 lb N/acre, and the economic optimum in terms of milk was slightly less than this amount of fertilizer.
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Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Irrigation Interval Effect on Yield and Quality of Forage Sorghum at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625438.

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9 pp.
Sorghum has the advantage compared to corn in that it uses less water and fertilizer, but feeding quality of sorghum is usually less than corn. The purpose of this research is to compare the yield and quality of sorghum grown with differing frequency of irrigation water application. Forage sorghum was grown at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center with irrigation intervals of 1, 2, and 3-weeks corresponding to 76, 44, and 37 inches of applied water. Forage yield at 72% moisture was 20.6, 18.8, and 16.5 tons/acre for the 1-, 2-, and 3-week irrigation intervals, respectively. Forage quality in terms of milk per ton of forage was not affected by irrigation interval, but some differences were measured in certain components of feed quality. Forage yield profit was maximized at the 2-week irrigation interval due since the increased water cost of the 1-week interval was not compensated by the yield increase at this irrigation frequency.
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18

Tomar, Sandeep Singh. "In vitro and field based evaluation for grain mold resistance and its impact on quality traits in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32638.

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Master of Science
Department of Agronomy
Ramasamy Perumal
Tesfaye Tesso
Grain mold (GM) is an important biotic constraint limiting yield and market value of sorghum grains. It results in kernel discoloration and deterioration. Such kernels have reduced seed viability, low food and feed quality. Breeding for grain mold resistance is challenging because of the complex nature of host-pathogen-environment interactions. This complex task could be made simpler by utilizing molecular markers. Utilization of marker resources may help to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. In this study, three sets of field and laboratory based experiments were performed which will help in finding potential grain mold pathogens responsible for kernel deterioration in the studied environment and search for genotypes with better kernel quality and grain mold resistance. In the first part of the study, in vitro screening of 44 grain mold resistant sorghum genotypes developed and released by Texas A & M AgriLife Research. This study was aimed at identifying sources resistance to grain mold infection through laboratory screening. The result revealed that genotypes Tx3371, Tx3373, Tx3374, Tx3376, Tx3407, Tx3400, and Tx3402 were have high level of resistance and were identified as potential sources of grain mold resistance as each showed minimal fungal infection and higher grain quality traits. The second experiment was performed to optimize surface sterilization protocol for the extraction of fungal pathogens from the kernel surface (pericarp) and to study the effect of bleach percentage and time period on pathogen extraction. Seven treatments using sterilized double distilled water (0 % bleach (v/v)) and different bleach (NaOCl) concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 %) were used with a time interval of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 min. Optimized surface sterilization in the range of 7.5 to 15 % bleach (v/v) for 7.5 to 10 min resulted least contamination and fungal genera isolation from the surface of the kernel. The third study was aimed at characterizing genotypes (sorghum association panel) for grain mold pathogen F. thapsinum and by using genome wide association (GWA) tool in order to find genomic regions associated with grain mold resistance. We studied the effect of different agronomic and panicle architecture traits on grain mold incidence and severity. Effects of grain mold on kernel quality traits were also studied. We reported two loci associated with grain mold resistance. Based on first year field screening results, 46 genotypes having grain mold ratings 1-5 (1 = < 1% panicle kernel molded; 5 = > 50% panicle kernel molded) were selected for a detailed study aimed at understanding grain mold x fungal pathogen interactions to physical and chemical kernel traits. Seed germination test, vigor index, and tetrazolium viability test were performed to study effect of grain mold infection on kernel viability and vigor. Alternaria, Fusarium thapsinum, F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum were the main fungal genera isolated from bisected kernels. Based on two year screening, SC623, SC67, SC621, SC947 and SC1494 were most resistant based on both PGMR and TGMR rating while SC370, SC833, SC1484, and SC1077 showed the most susceptible reaction and this was consistent for individual location analysis. SC309, SC213, SC833, SC971 and SC1047 are genotypes having identified loci for grain mold resistance.
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19

Boualapha, Chanthilath Visith Chavasit. "Iodine stability and sensory quality of fermented fish and fish sauce fermented by using iodated salt /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd412/4838150.pdf.

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20

Dejene, Mashilla. "Grain storage methods and their effects on Sorghum grain quality in Hararghe, Ethiopia /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a454.pdf.

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21

Anyango, Joseph Ochieng. "Improvement in the protein quality of African sorghum foods through compositing with cowpea." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27296.

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Lysine deficiency is a major nutritional problem faced by poor people living in the arid and semi-arid tropics who depend on sorghum as their staple food. This is because of poor lysine content and digestibility of sorghum proteins, which aggravates when sorghum is cooked in food. To address this nutritional problem, compositing with locally available lysine-rich legumes has been proposed. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of compositing with the African grain legume, cowpea, on the protein and functional quality of important traditional African sorghum foods. Two sorghum cultivars, a red, tannin (NS 5511) and a white tan plant, non-tannin (Orbit) composited with cowpea at 70:30 ratio, were used to prepare three traditional sorghum foods, ugali (unfermented thick porridge), uji (fermented thin porridge) and injera (fermented flatbread). The protein quality of the traditional sorghum foods was determined by measuring their protein contents, lysine and reactive lysine contents, and in vitro protein digestibility. The functional properties of the foods were studied using instrumental texture analysis. Other sensory properties of ugali were determined using a trained sensory panel. Compositing with cowpea increased the protein contents of the foods by up to 35% and 57% for NS 5511 and Orbit foods, respectively. Lysine contents of the food proteins increased by 67% to 139%. Reactive lysine content increased by 10% to 75%. Protein digestibility of the foods increased by 13% to 62%. There was approximately three- and two-fold increase in protein digestibility corrected amino score (PDCAAS) of NS 5511 and Orbit foods, respectively, due to addition of cowpea. However, Orbit-plus-cowpea foods still had better protein quality than NS 5511-plus-cowpea foods, primarily because of the tannins in the latter which bind the proteins thereby lowering their digestibility. Compositing reduced paste peak viscosity (PV) and cool paste viscosity (CPV) of uji porridge by 6% to 23%, and 6% to 12%, respectively, probably as a result of decreasing porridge starch content. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that compositing contributed 38% of the variation in 17 sensory attributes of ugali. Compositing imparted cowpea flavour to ugali. Most of the variation in sensory properties (59%) of ugali was due to the quality characteristics of the sorghum cultivars. Compositing increased the stiffness of NS 5511 injera by up to 25%, while it reduced the stiffness of Orbit injera by up to 12%. These differences in stiffness suggested a weakening effect of weaker H-bonding between tannins and other food polymers such as proteins instead of stronger covalent bonds like those involved in proteins-protein interactions. Compositing important traditional sorghum foods with cowpea has potential for helping to solve lysine deficiency faced by sorghum consumers in the semi-arid tropics. However, it introduces cowpea flavour which may need to be eliminated, in foods intended for consumers not accustomed to cowpea flavour. Copyright
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Food Science
unrestricted
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22

Sukumaran, Sivakumar. "Genomic mapping for grain yield, stay green, and grain quality traits in sorghum." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15084.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Agronomy
Jianming Yu
Knowledge of the genetic bases of grain quality traits will complement plant breeding efforts to improve the end use value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). The objective of the first experiment was to assess marker-trait associations for 10 grain quality traits through candidate gene association mapping on a diverse panel of 300 sorghum accessions. The 10 grain quality traits were measured using the single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of the accessions through 1,290 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separated the panel into five subpopulations that corresponded to three major sorghum races (durra, kafir, and caudatum), one intermediate race (guinea-caudatum), and one working group (zerazera/caudatum). Association analysis between 333 SNPs in candidate genes/loci and grain quality traits resulted in eight significant marker-trait associations. A SNP in starch synthase IIa (SSIIa) gene was associated with kernel hardness (KH) with a likelihood ratio–based R[superscript]2 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2) value of 0.08. SNPs in starch synthase (SSIIb) gene (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.10) and loci pSB1120 (R[subscript]L[subscript]R[superscript]2 = 0.09) was associated with starch content. Sorghum is a crop well adapted to the semi arid regions of the world and my harbor genes for drought tolerance. The objective of second experiment was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield potential and drought tolerance. From a cross between Tx436 (food grain type) and 00MN7645 (drought tolerant) 248 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) was developed. Multi-location trials were conducted in 8 environments to evaluate agronomic performance of the RILs under favorable and drought stress conditions. The 248 RILs and their parents were genotyped by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A subset of 800 SNPs was used for linkage map construction and QTL detection. Composite interval mapping identified a major QTLs for grain yield in chromosome 8 and QTL for flowering time in chromosome 9 under favorable conditions. Three major QTLs were detected for grain yield in chromosomes 1, 6, and 8 and two flowering time QTLs on chromosome 1 under drought conditions. Six QTLs were identified for stay green: two on chromosome 4; one each on chromosome 5, 6, 7, and 10 under drought conditions.
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23

Ottman, Michael J., Duarte E. Diaz, Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Row Spacing Effect on Forage Sorghum Yield and Quality at Maricopa, AZ, 2015." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625440.

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10 pp.
Forage sorghum yields have been should to increase with narrow row spacing of 20 inches or less. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of narrow row spacing on forage sorghum yield and quality in Arizona. Two row spacing (20 and 40 inch) and two forage sorghum hybrids (Great Scott and Silo 700D BMR) were evaluated in a study conducted at the University of Arizona Maricopa Agricultural Center in 2015. Row spacing had no effect on forage yield, moisture, plant height, or maturity even though light interception was greater for the closer row spacing. The only feed quality parameter affected by row spacing was lactic acid which increased with row spacing. Hybrid by row spacing interactions was detected for a few feed quality parameters. Decreasing forage sorghum row spacing from 40 to 20 inches does not appear to have an advantage based on the results of this study.
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24

Xiang, Wenwen. "Identification of two interacting quantitative trait loci controlling for condensed tannin in sorghum grain and grain quality analysis of a sorghum diverse collection." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2359.

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25

Singh, Smakshi. "Water Urbanism: Fish Market Design Proposal." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/74989.

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The first civilizations we have ever heard of were along the banks of mighty rivers like Nile, Euphrates, Indus and Huang. These civilizations developed along rivers as riverfronts provided opportunities for tradeand transportation, fertile land to grow crops, water for drinking, washing, livestock and other domestic uses and food in the form of fish. Gradually, they came to define cities, became a part of identities of people, such as "India" from "Indus," while, providing a sense of place and connecting the populace to nature. Yet rivers have often ended up being abused and neglected in our course towards urbanization. It is this "neglect" that needs to be shunned. The relationship with the rivers needs to be re-forged. To develop a strategy for this shift in attitude, this research has chosen the case of Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake Bay is an estuary lying inland from the Atlantic Ocean. It has mainland North America to its west and Delmarva Peninsula on the east. It is the largest Estuary in the United States. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the Chesapeake Bay. The estuary provides habitat to several species of wildlife and aquatic life. Today, this bay faces many issues such as nutrient and sediment pollution, Storm water runoff, lowering of shellfish species etc. One of the major causes of the polluted bay is storm water runoff. Storm water washes pollution off the roads and other surfaces and takes them to the water. Stormwater is generally more polluted in urban areas than rural areas. This thesis, attempts to demonstrate what can be done with a typical pixel in the whole mosaic of the bay . The Maine Avenue Fish Market, sitting just upstream to the now being developed Southwest Waterfront, seems a perfect choice for this endeavor. This market, a small urban waterfront space, is ideal for exploring ideas and solutions to avoid water pollution by stormwater, cleaning the quality of water and also, in the process, develop the area in relation to the city and its surroundings. This thesis aims to establish an ecological and social relationship between the natural resource and the urban life.
Master of Science
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26

Haugland, Anders. "Industrial thawing of fish : to improve quality, yield and capacity." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-955.

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Melting of frozen water in food products is denoted thawing. The phase change requires energy, and takes place at a constant temperature for pure water. For mixtures of water, fat, protein and ashes (i.e. foodstuffs) this phase change will take place at a gliding temperature. Thawing is physically the opposite process to that of freezing. The heat flow is reversed and instead of extracting heat from the product, heat is directed into it. Although opposite processes, thawing is more difficult to carry out with respect to predictability and controllability. This is due mainly to three aspects:

1. Increased heat flow resistance as the thawing proceeds.

2. Reduced temperature difference (ΔT) between product and media.

3. More difficult to monitor the process and product end temperature accurat

The food processing industry depends on a continuously and safe supply of raw material, in order to utilise process equipment better, improve production planning and to create stable and secure working environment for the employees. The fish industry is very important for Norway, and its export value (NOK 30,6 billion in 20011) is the second highest after oil and higher than gas. The fact that supply of fresh raw material (i.e. fish) often is dependent on seasonal variations, weather conditions, quotes and regulations (governmental and international), has been a great intensive to use frozen raw material in the fish process industry.

A survey amongst 155 fish processing plants throughout Norway showed that 75 % of them used thawing in their production and further 23% claimed that they would do so in the future. 93 % of the companies that thawed did so in an uncontrolled manner. The challenges in industrial thawing are many:

• Block frozen products changes size during thawing and are generally more difficult to handle

• The product texture are temperature dependent

• Size variations – both single fish and batches

• Use of both fresh and frozen raw material

• Company culture

Thawing by heat transfer through the surface has been studied for three different products; Salmon, Cod and Mackerel. A slightly different approach has been used for these products depending on the raw material availability, industrial needs and relevance.

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27

Seremeti, Maria Makri. "Evaluation of the quality of individual quick frozen fish products." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/648.

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In the present study the effects of characteristic freezing times and storage time at -22°C on the quality of the adductor muscle of post-rigor scallops (Pecten maximus)and gilthead seabream fillets (Sparusa urata) were studied in regard to the integrity of muscle structure, myofibrillar protein denaturation and aggregation, lipid degradation, texture and sensory changes. This information would be useful for achieving optimal conditions for freezing these species and assessing their quality during frozen storage for commercial purposes. Scallop muscles and gilthead seabream fillets were frozen individually with characteristic freezing times that can be met in commercial practice of freezing seafoods. After freezing, the samples were thawed and their quality was evaluated. Fresh samples were analyzed as controls. Intermediate characteristic freezing times (i. e. 89 and 49 minutes for scallop muscles and 74 minutes for gilthead seabream fillets) caused more damage to cell structure of both species than the shorter and longer characteristic freezing times tested. Short characteristic freezing times (i. e. 19 minutes for scallop muscles, and 2 and 18 minutes for gilthead seabream fillets) reduced the thawing losses of both species compared to the longer characteristic freezing times (. e. 235 to 1000 minutes for scallop muscles, and 640 minutes for gilthead seabream fillets) tested. Freezing at short characteristic freezing times produced raw fillets similar in texture to the fresh fillets. Therefore, short characteristic freezing times (equal to or less than 19 minutes) are beneficial for freezing both species. Scallop muscles and gilthead seabream fillets were kept frozen for up to 301 and 340 days, respectively. Sampling was carried out at regular intervals on fresh and stored frozen samples. Storage time affected the integrity of infra-cellular organelles, reduced the water holding capacity, caused structural changes to myofibrillar proteins and affected the sensory attributes of both species. Frozen scallop muscles were in acceptable eating condition after a storage period of ten months, with most of the changes in bio-chemical and physical properties being pronounced after three months of storage. Based on the changes in taste scores versus storage time, it was assessed that the practical storage life of frozen gilthead seabream fillets was circa 5 to 6 months Cat+-ATPase activities for scallop muscles and a linear model that combines free fatty acids, peroxide values and protein content in centrifugal tissue fluids for gilthead seabream fillets, may be reliable methods for industry to use for assessing their quality during long term storage at -22°C.
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28

Wong, Yuen-yee Queenie. "Mariculture practices in relation to water quality and the nearshore marine environment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22264188.

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29

Frederick, Emily J. "Effect of sorghum flour composition and particle size on quality of gluten-free bread." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1821.

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30

Pomerleau, Yvan N. "Fish meal supplementation of high quality grass silage in dairy cows." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20842.

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The aim of this study was to maximize good quality grass silage utilization either by supplying a source of rumen undegradable protein or by a reduction of the concentrate in the diet. A randomized incomplete block design was used to evaluate feed intake, milk production and health incidence occurring in fifty-nine Holstein dairy cow (11 primiparous) distributed randomly to receive three different diets between wk 4 and 24 of lactation. The diets were composed of grass silage (predominance of timothy) offered ad libitum supplemented either with a mixture of cereal grains (wheat:barley 50:50) at 100% of recommendations plus soybean meal (Trt 1), or fish meal (Trt 2), or with cereal grains at 75% of recommendations plus fish meal (Trt 3). The grass silage was harvested at an approximate chop length of 8--10 cm, averaged 37.1% DM and was stored in heap silos.
Finally, an economic evaluation of the treatments was done using milk income, feed cost, health cost, and net income. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Al-Omirah, Husam F. "Proteolytic degradation products as indicators of quality in meat and fish." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27268.

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Assessment of freshness and quality of meat and fish is a major activity of both food regulatory agencies and the food industry. Various methods are used for measuring fish and meat quality, each with its particular advantages and limitations. However, methods based on monitoring the products of proteolysis have received relatively little attention. The objective of the present study was to identify specific protein and peptide products of proteolysis as indicators of freshness and quality during chilled storage of fresh fish and meat.
Samples of meat and fish were subjected to chilled storage; at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days, samples were subjected to protein and peptide extraction, and separation of individual sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins by SDS and native electrophoresis. These extracted proteins along with acid soluble nitrogen (ASN) were separated by RP-HPLC, fractions were collected and identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).
RP-HPLC separated at least thirty fractions from the ASN extract of fresh fish. ESI-MS revealed the presence of at least twenty-five polypeptides with molecular weights (MW) ranging from 2 to 32 kDa. The relative area % of the polypeptides with MW 32.8 kDa and 42.8 kDa decreased during the storage while polypeptides of MW of 10.9 kDa and 16.7 kDa increased during storage. Changes in polypeptides of MW 12, 34.2 and 42.8 kDa was also observed. The sarcoplasmic protein extracted from ground and whole meat contained at least 12 polypeptides with MW ranging from 11 to 42 kDa. The relative area % of polypeptide of MW of 35.7 kDa decreased during storage. The results suggest that changes in proteins and polypeptides of MW 10.9, 12, 16.7, 32.8, 34.2 and 42.88 kDa in fish and 35.7 kDa in meat could serve as indicators of spoilage.
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32

Al-Omirah, Husam F. "Proteolytic degradation products as indicators of quality in meat and fish." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0004/MQ29642.pdf.

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33

Pomerleau, Yvan N. "Fish meal supplementation of high-quality grass silage in dairy cows." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0001/MQ44249.pdf.

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34

Blake, Evelyn Christina. "The effect of drying on the protein nutritional quality of fish." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328807.

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35

Perez-Camargo, Gerardo. "Effects of sublethal concentrations of pesticides on tropical freshwater fish quality." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294727.

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36

Alasalvar, Cesarettin. "Factors affecting the safety and quality of fish during chill distribution." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240151.

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37

Holt, T. D., Phillip R. Scheuerman, and Kurt J. Maier. "Long-Term Road Construction Impacts on Water Quality and Fish Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2936.

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38

Alves, Paula Rute Pereira Matono. "Fish assemblages as biological indicators of ecological quality in portuguese rivers." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16172.

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No contexto da aplicação da Directiva-Quadro da Água, a ictiofauna é considerada como um relevante elemento biológico. Pela primeira vez foi desenvolvido um sistema de classificação para avaliação do estado ecológico dos ecossistemas aquáticos em Portugal, apesar dos constrangimentos impostos pela variedade e ubiquidade das pressões humanas e pelas peculiaridades dos agrupamentos piscícolas. Foram definidos grupos piscícolas para posterior estabelecimento de uma tipologia nacional de rios, foram seleccionadas métricas responsivas ás pressões humanas e foi desenvolvido um índice biótico piscícola. Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de diferenciar correctamente a resposta da ictiofauna ás perturbações naturais e antropogénicas, considerando quer a variabilidade espacial, quer temporal dos agrupamentos piscícolas, típica dos cursos de tipo Mediterrânico. O uso de solo tem fortes consequências na degradação dos rios e na integridade da ictiofauna, sendo importante que a avaliação dos impactos considere a interacção entre diferentes pressões. A compreensão da influência relativa dos factores ambientais e humanos na ocorrência e abundância das espécies não nativas permitiu evidenciar o potencial papel das mesmas como indicadores biológicos. Esta tese contribuiu para o desenvolvimento e aperfeiçoamento de ferramentas de avaliação ecológica em Portugal, permitindo igualmente um aumento do conhecimento sobre a ecologia das comunidades piscícolas e funcionamento dos ecossistemas em rios de tipo Mediterrânico, com vista à sua conservação e reabilitação; ABSTRACT:Under the implementation of the Water Framework Directive fish fauna is considered a useful biological element. For the first time a Portuguese classification system to assess the ecological status of aquatic ecosystems was established, despite several constrains posed by the variety and ubiquity of human pressures and by the peculiarities of the fish assemblages. It was possible to define fish-based geographical groups for the subsequent establishment of a national river typology, to select metrics responsive to human pressures and to develop a fish biotic index. Results underline the needs for accurately differentiate between fish responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances by accounting for the spatial and temporal variability of fish assemblages. Land use may lead to strong impacts on stream degradation and fish assemblages integrity and this evaluation must consider the interaction of different pressures. Understanding the influence of environmental and human factors in the occurrence and abundance of non-native species enlightened their role as a reliable tool in the ecological assessment of rivers. This thesis represents an important contribution to improve the ecological assessment tools in Portugal, while increasing knowledge on the ecology of fish communities and ecosystem functioning in Mediterranean climate rivers in view of their urgent conservation.
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39

Magabane, Itumeleng Evidence. "Technologies for improving the quality of bread doughs made with barley spent grain and sorghum." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65907.

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Expenditure on wheat importation in sub-Saharan African countries is increasing greatly arising from the region’s rapidly expanding human population, urbanisation, and unfavourable conditions for wheat cultivation. Adoption of composite flours is encouraged to reduce wheat importation and promote local agriculture. Barley brewer’s spent grain (BSG), a high-fibre by-product of the brewing industry, is relatively inexpensive and available at large quantities. Sorghum, which is well-adapted to cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa, is an underutilized grain-crop. BSG and sorghum are potential vehicles for producing less expensive bread of improved nutritional properties. However, both lack functional gluten, which is responsible for good viscoelastic dough and high bread volume. BSG particle size reduction in combination with a sourdough fermentation were investigated as BSG pre-treatment technologies to improve wheat-BSG composite dough and bread quality. Fractionation of dried BSG through roller milling enriched the protein of BSG flour, but gave poor loaf volume and denser crumb. Additionally, the much lower flour extraction yields compared to hammer milling which gives a 100 % extraction rate flour would impact negatively on the product economic viability. Mixolab dough rheology showed that a 15 % BSG substitution significantly increased dough development time and flour water absorption. However, application of a short (3 h) ‘sponge and dough’ sourdough process improved the gas-holding properties of composite, increased loaf volume and crumb softness compared to a straight dough method. At 20 % BSG substitution, the composite wheat bread had 71.4 % more dietary fibre as well as higher protein and mineral contents than a commercial wheat brown bread. The effects of chemical (using glacial acetic acid) and physical treatment (through sheeting) on the functionality of sorghum doughs from normal and transgenic high protein digestibility (TG-HD) lines with supressed ?-kafirin expression were investigated. Normal sorghum flour doughs were subjected to sheeting in combination with sourdough addition. Partial flour pre- gelatinization, by cooking, was a pre-requisite for formation of a cohesive dough and was hence applied throughout this study. Upon baking, the combination of sheeting (15 passes) and sourdough addition (50% w/w of total flour) produced bread with a more aerated crumb and greater volume compared to the untreated control. Tensile tests of TG-HD doughs showed 38 and 42 % higher extensibility, compared to their null control doughs. These effects were attributed to the greater accessibility of ?-kafirins in the invaginated protein bodies of these high protein digestibility lines. Shear forces applied by manual sheeting and glacial acetic acid treatment were used in attempt to free the protein body-encapsulated kafirins and hence functionalise them in sorghum dough. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of these doughs revealed successful disruption of protein bodies by the respective treatments. Starch granules observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) seemed to remain intact, indicating the effects to be protein-related. However, the elevated temperature (>50oC), glacial acetic acid treatment and combination thereof, reduced dough extensibility. This was possibly due to the presence of other components in the dough system apart from the kafirins, mainly the starch granules, as well as insufficient plasticisation. The study shows that a combination of physico-chemical treatments, with emphasis on functionalising inert components such as fibre and protein, can substantially improve the dough functionality and consequent bread quality of gluten-void cereal grain materials.
Dissertation (MSc (Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Food Science
MSc (Agric)
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40

Bryan, Tina Michelle. "Testicular function in normal and poor semen quality stallions." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3253.

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The chromosomal location of endocrine genes was established, and relationships between expression of specific endocrine genes and measures of testis function in normal and poor semen quality stallions was assessed. Consensus primer sequences for glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) were used to screen the CHORI-241 equine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. The identity of PCR-positive BAC clones was confirmed by sequencing. Verified BACs were mapped to horse metaphase chromosome spreads by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The BACs containing the GR and LHR were localized by FISH to ECA 14q16-q21 and ECA15q22-q23, respectively. In addition to FISH mapping, the 5000rad horse x hamster radiation hybrid (RH) panel was screened in duplicate. Two-point linkage analysis placed GR 0 cR from LEX047, while LHR was 36.67 cR from TKY011 on ECA14 and ECA15, respectively. Total testicular parenchymal weight, mean daily sperm production (DSP) per gram parenchyma and mean apoptotic rate (406.05 ± 24.33g vs. 180.01 ± 34.41g, 15.29 ± 0.87 vs. 10.24 ± 1.10, 6.70 ± 0.88 vs. 14.25 ± 1.11, respectively) differed (P<0.05) between normal (n=8) and poor semen quality (n=5) stallions. Also, plasma estradiol and inhibin concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in normal stallions than in poor semen quality stallions. Testicular expression of estrogen receptor beta (ER beta), βB inhibin, prolactin receptor (PRLR), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) mRNAs were all lower (P<0.05) in poor semen quality stallions than in normal stallions. The BACs and primers developed in this study will facilitate future investigations of GR and LHR gene structure in the horse as well as providing a resource for physiological investigation of these two genes that are primary regulators of stress responsiveness and fertility. These data add important endocrine genes to the horse cytogenetic map. Also, important hormonal and gene expression changes have been identified in poor semen quality stallions for further investigation.
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41

Liang, Yan. "Reclamation of wastewater for polyculture of freshwater fish." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1997. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/137.

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42

Nemeth, Douglas J. "Relationship of Aeromonas hydrophila to fish community health and water quality parameters." Virtual Press, 1985. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/421946.

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Temperature, conductivity, and Aeromonas hydrophila density were determined bimonthly at six sites in the White River drainage system, Delaware County, Indiana, from April, 1984 through December, 1984. Fish were collected from four of the six sites. Fish were identified to species, examined for gross pathology, and their blood collected. Titers against A. hydrophila antigen 157 were determined for all carp (Cyprinus carpio) captured. Certain carp serum samples were also tested against three additional A. hydrophila antigens.Aerononas hydrophila densities appeared to be related to temperature and conductivity, primary producers, and runoff/effluent. Aeromonas hydrophila densities were higher in areas affected by urban runoff/ effluent than in areas affected by rural runoff/effluent. Aeromonas hydrophila densities increased as one progressed through the city of Muncie.Only five percent of all fish captured exhibited signs of gross pathology. Diseased fish typically demonstrated low titers against antigen 157. Several A. hydrophila serotypes were apparently infectious for the carp studied. Thirty-two percent of the carp sampled exhibited a positive titer response against antigen 157. Considerable variation in titer response existed between individuals.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306
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43

Falch, Eva. "Lipids from residual fish raw materials : Quality assessment by advanced analytical methods." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2263.

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ADDENDUM Figure 4, page 14; Copyright © 1996 From Food Chemistry by Nawar, W.W. (Fennema, O.R.ed). Reproduced by permission of Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Paper I, VII and VIII are reprinted with kind permission from Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
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44

Zhao, Renyong. "Impact of sorghum proteins on ethanol fermentation and investigation of novel methods to evaluate fermentation quality." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1036.

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45

van, den Hoek Gerardo. "The Impact of Deficit Irrigation on the Productivity and Nutritive Quality of Forage Corn and Sorghum." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10036188.

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Corn (Zea mays) is the dominant silage crop for irrigated dairy regions. Sorghum’s (Sorghum bicolor) drought tolerance shows potential to be grown for silage under conditions of water shortages. A two year experiment was conducted in Five Points, CA to determine the yield and nutritive quality of forage corn (CORN), conventional sorghum (CONV) and brown midrib sorghum (BMR) at 100%, 80% and 60% of full irrigation (ETc) under a center-pivot irrigation system. Yields were measured and forage quality was determined using % Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), % NDF digested in 30 hours (NDFD30), % Crude Protein (CP), and % starch as quality parameters. Results in 2014 had a high degree of variability leading to no significances in yields. In 2015, CORN yield’s reduced 57% more than BMR per unit of water, whilst CONV and BMR maintained yields from the 100 to 80% levels. The decline in NDFD30 with additional water was significantly larger in CONV than in CORN and in BMR. BMR had NDFD30 values up to 10% higher than those of CORN. CORN % starch decreased significantly with a 20% decrease in water application. Sorghum had a negligible amount of starch at all levels. CP decreased uniformly across all three types of forages with increased irrigation. We can conclude, therefore, that during water shortages, sorghum can provide high-yielding (>15 Mg/ha), digestible (>60% NDFD30) silage for use in dairy rations. However, sorghum must be supplemented with grain to compensate for the low starch.

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46

Zaman, Shafi Ullah. "Safety and quality of high pressure (HP) treated fish : evaluation of pressure destruction kinetics of pathogens and associated quality changes during storage." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82454.

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This study is aimed at evaluating the safety and quality of pressure treated fish. In order to assess safety of refrigerated fish, the sensitivity of key pathogens like Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, which thrive under refrigerated storage conditions, needs to be assessed.
In the first part of the study, the pressure destruction kinetics of E. coli and L. monocytogenes in fish were evaluated at 250 to 400 MPa with a holding time ranging from 0-60 min. A slurry was prepared by blending 20 g filleted fish and 80 ml sterile peptone water (0.1%) in a stomacher. To the slurry, stock cultures of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were added separately and final counts of 107 and 106 CFU/ml were achieved, respectively. Due to the higher overall pressure resistance at 400 MPa, E. coli was selected as the target microorganism in this study for pressure destruction.
The second part of the study focused on storage studies. The first phase of the storage study was a repeat of previous set of experiments with fish slurry inoculated with only E. coli O157:H7 which was more resistant to pressure destruction (challenge study).
The second phase of storage studies evaluated the quality changes associated with pressure treated fish. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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47

Fielding, Nicola Jane. "Fish and benthos communities in regenerated dock systems on Merseyside." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.482788.

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Restored docks have high amenity, tourism and recreational value. Polluted and unaestheticw ater is a major factor potentially inhibiting redevelopmento f docklands, particularly if the source of water suffers from severe pollution problems. The aims were to examine spatial and temporal patterns of hydrography and ecology of Merseyside Docks. Strategies to develop benthic filter-feeders on both the walls and in the sediments were considered important in maintaining good water quality. In the South Docks, algal blooms were mainly small and short-lived and anoxia was infrequent. In Princes Dock (Central chain) water quality was very good. Morpeth Dock (Wirral chain) suffered from poor water quality. Anoxia resulted in high mortalities of dock fauna and fish and the release of hydrogen sulphide gas. Algal blooms were very large and were maintained over long periods. The dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum minimum, was particularly prevalent. Zooplankton have remained at relatively low densities in the South Docks, particularly in Albert Dock (South chain), probably because of strong competition for food with benthic filter-feeders. In contrast, Morpeth Dock has maintained much higher numbers, probably because of the plentiful food supply and absence of benthos. The benthos of the walls was surveyed. Mytilus edulis is most prominent in Albert and Queens Docks; Ciona intestinalis and Ascidiella aspera are most abundant in Albert and Princes Docks; and, Molgula manhattensis dominant in Brunswick and QueensD ocks. Tiles have been used to follow the pattern of annual successiona nd the effect of timing of available space on this pattern of succession. In contrast to previous years when there had been very little recruitment of Mytilus to the South Docks, Mytilus settlement occurred in Queens Dock during autumn 1995. Experiments aimed at increasing the filter-feeding capacity by introducing Cerastodermae dule (common cockle) and manipulating particle size of the sediment concluded that cockles do not survive in the dock, probably due to occasional low oxygenc on centrations in the hypolimnion, and modification of sediment has very little effect on natural colonization. Experiments examined the impact of filter-feeders on phytoplankton numbers and regeneration of nutrients. Mytilus was shown to have higher clearancer ates( cell mV h' int) than its major competitors( Ciona intestinalis, Styela plicata) on the dock wall. The experiment investigating nutrient release by Mytilus indicates release of phosphate. Fish communities in the South Docks were relatively diverse, with a total of fifteen species of fish being caught. The size/frequency analyses suggest that the majority of fish were juveniles. The occurrence of two sea trout (Salmo trutta) indicates a return of salmonids to the estuary. The use of a capacity model as a management tool is proposed; this has been fitted to the South Docks system with some success.
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48

Nunes, João Rodolfo Guimarães. "Potencial fisiológico de sementes de sorgo silageiro em função de diferentes seqüências de beneficiamento." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1463.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_joao_rodolfo_nunes.pdf: 261220 bytes, checksum: f94a6973f7a6e6ef02e08536a166c9c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-06
This paper had the objective of checking the effects of three different sequence of conditioning on the qualities of seeds from silage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and to such deed, it was used FEPAGRO-RS 11, FEPAGRO-RS 12, FEPAGRO 17 e FEPAGRO 18. The treatment followed the next sequence: T1- pre cleaning; T2 pre cleaning plus three passages through cleaning; T3 pre cleaning, polishing and cleaning. The pre cleaning procedure was done by a pre-cleaning machine with a 5,0mm diameter sieve. The clean was done with an air machine and sieves, whose round holes measured 3,2 and 2,8mms. The polishing was performed by a cereal polisher machine from the brand Grimm (6 to 10sc/h). The treatments were measured through the levels of moisture, the mass of thousand seeds, purity physical analysis and germination tests, first germination count, accelerated aging, electric conductivity and tetrazolien, applied right after the conditioning and 12 months later. It as observed some differences between FEPAGRO-RS 11, FEPAGRO-RS 12, FEPAGRO 17 e FEPAGRO 18, concerning the levels of initial moisture, the mass of thousand seeds and the physiological qualities of the seeds. All the conducting treatments managed to obtain a purity quality superior to 99,0% It can be concluded that the sequence of conditioning consisted by the pre cleaning operations, polishing and cleaning, improves the visual aspect and does not damage the physiological potential of the seeds from silage sorghum.
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito de três seqüências de beneficiamento sobre a qualidade de lotes de sementes de sorgo silageiro (Sorghum bicolor L.) e, para tal, utilizaram-se os cultivares FEPAGRO-RS 11, FEPAGRO-RS 12, FEPAGRO 17 e FEPAGRO 18. Os tratamentos consistiram das seguintes seqüências: T1 apenas a pré-limpeza; T2 pré-limpeza mais três passagens pela limpeza; T3 pré-limpeza, polimento e limpeza. A operação de pré-limpeza foi realizada com máquina de ar e peneiras, contendo uma peneira com orifício de 5,0mm de diâmetro. A limpeza foi efetuada na mesma máquina de ar e peneiras, cujas peneiras tinham orifícios redondos de 3,2 e 2,8mm. O polimento foi realizado com um polidor de cereais da marca Grimm (6 a 10sc/h). Os tratamentos foram avaliados através das determinações do grau de umidade, massa de mil sementes e análise de pureza e dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem da germinação, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e tetrazólio, aplicados logo após o beneficiamento e 12 meses depois. Observaram-se diferenças entre os cultivares, quanto ao grau de umidade inicial, massa de mil sementes e qualidade fisiológica das sementes. Todos os tratamentos de beneficiamento permitiram obter pureza física superior a 99,0%. Concluiu-se que a seqüência de beneficiamento composta pelas operações de pré-limpeza, polimento e limpeza melhora o aspecto visual e não prejudica o potencial fisiológico das sementes de sorgo silageiro.
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49

Knowles, Tim C., Michael J. Ottman, Jim Lloyd, and Aron Quist. "Hay Yield and Quality of Sudangrass and Sorghum-Sudangrass Hybrid Varieties Grown for Export from Western Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202476.

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Two common sudangrass varieties (Piper and Sweet Sudan), four sudangrass hybrids (NK Trudan 8, Cargill HS 35, NC+ 200, and Germaine 's G 555), and three sorghum - sudangrass hybrids (DK SX 17, TE Haygrazer II, and Pioneer 877F) were evaluated for hay yield and quality at four cuttings in large field plots located at Quail Mesa Farms in southwest La Paz County. Results from four hay cuttings at one location are presented showing that of the nine sudangrass varieties examined in this study, Piper, NC+ 200, and Germaine 's G 555 sudangrass varieties had superior hay tonnage and quality.
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50

Bize, Magali. "An evaluation of the role of eggs and DATEM on the quality of gluten-free sorghum bread." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13604.

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Master of Science
Food Science
Fadi Aramouni
Due to an increase in awareness of celiac disease, the gluten-free market continues to expand. However, gluten-free breads are still characterized by a poor structure and overall mediocre quality. This research was aimed at determining the impact of egg addition as well as an antistaling agent (DATEM) on the quality of a batter-based gluten-free sorghum bread. Gluten-free bread loaves containing 20, 25, or 30% eggs (as is) on a flour basis were evaluated against a control (no egg). The impact of the antistaling agent, DATEM at 0.5% was also studied for each of these formulations. Quality factors evaluated included water activity, color, specific volume, and cell size. Texture profile analysis was performed to evaluate staling rate based on changes in crumb hardness values and a trained panel evaluated staling attributes by descriptive analysis. Finally, a consumer acceptance test on sorghum bread with and without eggs was also conducted. Results showed that sorghum breads with eggs had higher specific volumes than control (increase from 0.06 cm[superscript]3/g to 0.11 cm[superscript]3/g), while DATEM had a negative effect on the volume of gluten-free bread (decrease of 0.73 cm[superscript]3/g). Eggs also improved cell structure and produced significantly darker crust (p<0.05). Additionally, the addition of eggs reduced bread hardness (from 54 g force to 142 g force on fresh bread) and slowed the rate of staling over the 12 day storage period studied. Descriptive analysis results confirmed the findings of the texture analysis, showing control bread significantly harder (p<0.05) than egg-containing bread at days 0 and 4. The consumer test indicated a significant preference (p<0.05) for sorghum bread with eggs over the control. The overall acceptability score for this bread was above 6 on a 1 to 9 hedonic scale. The score was closer to 7 when the bread was rated by consumers with celiac disease. This research proved that the addition of eggs to a gluten-free sorghum bread formulation resulted in delayed staling and better overall quality and acceptability of the product.
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