Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sorghum – Yields – Africa

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sorghum – Yields – Africa'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sorghum – Yields – Africa"

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Rai, K. N., D. S. Murty, D. J. Andrews, and P. J. Bramel-Cox. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet and sorghum for the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa." Genome 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-040.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), ranking fifth and sixth in global cereal hectarage, respectively, are the most important coarse-grain cereals in the semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet displays better adaptation to and is grown in relatively more marginal environments than sorghum. Under subsistence farming conditions, both crops have low grain yields (0.5-0.7 t·ha-1 for pearl millet and 0.7-0.9 t·ha-1 for sorghum), although improved hybrid cultivars give 3-4 t·ha-1 of realizable grain yields in better-endowed environments. African germplasm, especially Zera Zera sorghums from the Sudan-Ethiopian border in eastern Africa and Iniari pearl millets from the Togo - Ghana - Benin - Burkina Faso region of western Africa, has proved most useful for the genetic improvement of these crops. The greatest impact of improved cultivars (mostly hybrids) has occurred in India, where the area under high-yielding varieties (HYVs) increased from 6% for pearl millet and 3% for sorghum in the triennium 1968-1970 to 53% for pearl millet and 54% for sorghum in the triennium 1992-1994. During the same period, productivity of both crops increased by 59%, which is attributable to both genetic improvement and management factors. HYVs have now started to be adopted in some of the African countries as well (e.g., Chad, Cameroon, Botswana, and Zimbabwe for sorghum; Chad, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for pearl millet). The availability of vast untapped genetic resources and continuing yield gains indicate that there are good prospects for future genetic improvement in the productivity of these crops, which can be accelerated with the application of biotechnological tools. Sorghum and pearl millet will continue to be important food crops in their traditional semi-arid tropical areas. Sorghum is already an important feed crop in the developed world and pearl millet has the potential to become an even better feed crop, as it has higher protein content and a better amino acid profile than sorghum. The nutritional value of both crops for food and feed use can be further improved by breeding. Also, through genetic enhancement, there exist opportunities for the development of sorghum and pearl millet cultivars suitable for alternative uses in the bakery and beverage industries.Key words: sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, genetic enhancement, semi-arid tropics, Asia, Africa, cultivars, impact.
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Parkes, Ben, Dimitri Defrance, Benjamin Sultan, Philippe Ciais, and Xuhui Wang. "Projected changes in crop yield mean and variability over West Africa in a world 1.5 K warmer than the pre-industrial era." Earth System Dynamics 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-119-2018.

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Abstract. The ability of a region to feed itself in the upcoming decades is an important issue. The West African population is expected to increase significantly in the next 30 years. The responses of crops to short-term climate change is critical to the population and the decision makers tasked with food security. This leads to three questions: how will crop yields change in the near future? What influence will climate change have on crop failures? Which adaptation methods should be employed to ameliorate undesirable changes? An ensemble of near-term climate projections are used to simulate maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa in the recent historic period (1986–2005) and a near-term future when global temperatures are 1.5 K above pre-industrial levels to assess the change in yield, yield variability and crop failure rate. Four crop models were used to simulate maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa in the historic and future climates. Across the majority of West Africa the maize, millet and sorghum yields are shown to fall. In the regions where yields increase, the variability also increases. This increase in variability increases the likelihood of crop failures, which are defined as yield negative anomalies beyond 1 standard deviation during the historic period. The increasing variability increases the frequency of crop failures across West Africa. The return time of crop failures falls from 8.8, 9.7 and 10.1 years to 5.2, 6.3 and 5.8 years for maize, millet and sorghum respectively. The adoption of heat-resistant cultivars and the use of captured rainwater have been investigated using one crop model as an idealized sensitivity test. The generalized doption of a cultivar resistant to high-temperature stress during flowering is shown to be more beneficial than using rainwater harvesting.
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Mak-Mensah, Erastus, Peter Bilson Obour, and Qi Wang. "Influence of tied-ridge-furrow with inorganic fertilizer on grain yield across semiarid regions of Asia and Africa: A meta-analysis." PeerJ 9 (August 17, 2021): e11904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11904.

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Background In semiarid areas, low productivity of crops has been attributed to lack of appropriate soil moisture conservation practices since droughts and soil erosion are rampant in most areas of this region. Consequently, ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting is widely used in these regions across the globe. Despite ridge-furrow being widely practiced, tied-ridge-furrow has not been extensively adopted by small-scale farmers in semi-arid regions. Consequently, the effectiveness of tied-ridge-furrow as a viable method of increasing crop yield has received less attention. Methodology For large-scale implementation, a detailed assessment of how ridge furrow, tied–ridge-furrow with fertilizer, tied-ridge-furrow with mulching and tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer influence crop yield in different agro-environments under varying climatic conditions is needed. This study used the PRISMA guidelines to determine the impact of tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting technique with mulching or fertilizer on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grain yields. Results Sorghum grain yield increased by 17% greater in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer in comparison to flat planting. This may be due to increase in soil organic carbon in the region (9 g kg−1). Grain yield of millet significantly increased by 20–40% in Africa from 18 study observations in tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer application as compared to tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatments. This might be due to the significant increase in total nitrogen by 13–42% in the soil at <50 mg kg−1 quantity which had an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67]. In terms of soil texture, grain yield of millet and sorghum significantly increased in heavy textured soils (clay loam, silt clay, and clay soils) with an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67] compared to light and medium-textured soils of zero effect sizes. Millet and sorghum grain yields in tied-ridge-furrow with mulching, on the other hand, were not significantly different from those in flat planting. This may be due to the mulching materials used in those tests. Conclusion In view of yields of sorghum and millet increased significantly by 32% and 17% in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment compared to flat planting and tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer treatment compared with tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment, respectively, this study recommend the use of fertilizers in a tied-ridge-furrow system to increase grain yield in semiarid areas compared to flat planting. Again, the study recommends more research on tied-ridge-furrow systems with other organic mulches and fertilizers in semiarid areas.
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Starr, Mike, Biar Deng, and Juha Helenius. "AquaCrop-Simulated Response of Sorghum Biomass and Grain Yield to Biochar Amendment in South Sudan." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010067.

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The dependency on rainfed agriculture and weak adaptability of the agricultural sector to climate change threaten food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Biochar has widely been touted as a relatively easy means of increasing the soil water storage capacity of soils and thereby improving or maintaining crop yields. In this study we simulated the effect of biochar amendment on sorghum aboveground biomass and grain yield at a site in South Sudan. We used the model AquaCrop parameterized using site, soil, and cropping management data from a field experiment carried out at the site in 2011 and 2012, which were both wet years. Changes in soil hydraulic properties due to biochar were based on a published meta-analysis study. In order to investigate whether the response to biochar differed in dry years, simulations were also carried out for 1990, which was the driest year during the period 1979–2014. Measured and modelled biomass and yields with and without biochar for 2011 and 2012 were compared. Simulated and measured yields depended on growing season rainfall and distribution. The simulations showed that biochar amendment had an effect on rooting zone soil water content and sorghum biomass and grain yield in 1990, but not in 2011 and 2012. In view of expected climate change, the results have important implications for sorghum production and the potential use of biochar in SSA. Given the limited response of grain yield to biochar shown in our simulations, careful selection of sorghum variety and cultivar and consideration of planting date may be a more effective means of improving yields than applying biochar.
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Mufungizi, A. A., W. Musakwa, and T. Gumbo. "A LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE VHEMBE DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA, THE CASE OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1023-2020.

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Abstract. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 and 2 stand for “No poverty” and “Zero hunger” respectively. Achieving these goals cannot be separated from promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring livelihoods, especially for rural communities. This study sought to determine the suitability of land for the cultivation of maize and sorghum crops in Vhembe District, South Africa. The study applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), multi-criteria decision-making techniques, for criteria weights calculations and suitability maps calculations respectively within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Six criteria were used; Soil pH, Soil Structure, Rainfall, Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature and Elevation. A consistency ratio (CR) of 0.035 was obtained for maize criteria weights and 0.036 for sorghum criteria weights. The results revealed that only limited portions of the whole district are highly suitable for the cultivation of Maize with 15.01% and Sorghum with 19.39 of the land arable for farming. This suggests lower maize and sorghum crops yields in the district and the paper recommends more cultivation of other drought resistant crops other than maize and sorghum.
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Serme, Idriss, Korodjouma Ouattara, Alimata Arzouma Bandaogo, and Charles Wortmann. "Pearl Millet and Sorghum Yield Response to Fertilizer in the Sahel of Burkina Faso." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (February 6, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i1.12384.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) were domesticated in Africa for human consumption and are often the dominant cereals in semi-arid areas where yield is constrained by soil water deficits, nutrient deficiencies, and other constraints. Research was conducted to quantify yield responses and profitability of sorghum and pearl millet produced in the Sahel of Burkina Faso to fertilizer N, P, K, and a Mg-S-Zn-B diagnostic treatment. Mean yields across trials were 1.2 and 0.9 Mg ha-1 for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively. The effects of N, K, the diagnostic treatment, and interactions were not significant for both pearl millet and sorghum. There was a mean curvilinear to plateau response to P for pearl millet and a linear response to P for sorghum. The economical optimal P rates for pearl millet were modest, ranging from 6 to 33 kg ha–1 at 100% of the rate to maximize net returns per ha to P application when the cost of using fertilizer P was high and low, respectively, relative to the grain price (Table 4). The application of P for pearl millet had high profit potential even with a high cost P use scenario. For sorghum production, P application was not profitable if the cost per kg of fertilizer P use exceeded the value of 9 kg of sorghum grain. The results, therefore, indicate a high and low profit potential for P applied for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively, in the Sahel of Burkina Faso.
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Sultan, B., K. Guan, M. Kouressy, M. Biasutti, C. Piani, G. L. Hammer, G. McLean, and D. B. Lobell. "Robust features of future climate change impacts on sorghum yields in West Africa." Environmental Research Letters 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 104006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104006.

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Petersen, Lillian. "Real-Time Prediction of Crop Yields From MODIS Relative Vegetation Health: A Continent-Wide Analysis of Africa." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111726.

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Developing countries often have poor monitoring and reporting of weather and crop health, leading to slow responses to droughts and food shortages. Here, I develop satellite analysis methods and software tools to predict crop yields two to four months before the harvest. This method measures relative vegetation health based on pixel-level monthly anomalies of NDVI, EVI and NDWI indices. Because no crop mask, tuning, or subnational ground truth data are required, this method can be applied to any location, crop, or climate, making it ideal for African countries with small fields and poor ground observations. Testing began in Illinois where there is reliable county-level crop data. Correlations were computed between corn, soybean, and sorghum yields and monthly vegetation health anomalies for every county and year. A multivariate regression using every index and month (up to 1600 values) produced a correlation of 0.86 with corn, 0.74 for soybeans, and 0.65 for sorghum, all with p-values less than 10 − 6 . The high correlations in Illinois show that this model has good forecasting skill for crop yields. Next, the method was applied to every country in Africa for each country’s main crops. Crop production was then predicted for the 2018 harvest and compared to actual production values. Twenty percent of the predictions had less than 2% error, and 40% had less than 5% error. This method is unique because of its simplicity and versatility: it shows that a single user on a laptop computer can produce reasonable real-time estimates of crop yields across an entire continent.
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MUNISSE, P., B. D. JENSEN, O. A. QUILAMBO, S. B. ANDERSEN, and J. L. CHRISTIANSEN. "WATERMELON INTERCROPPED WITH CEREALS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS: AN ON-FARM STUDY." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712000051.

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SUMMARYIntercropping is a common practice in Africa, but the advantage compared to sole cropping depends on the crop plants and local agro-ecological conditions. The potential of intercropping maize (Zea mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was tested in two on-farm trials in southern Mozambique under semi-arid conditions in an area with low and unpredictable rainfall. In the first experiment, plant density, yield and monetary value of sole and intercropping plots of maize with watermelon were determined in 17 farmers' fields in an area where all crops developed to maturity and harvest. There was a significant reduction in yield of both maize (28.8%) and watermelon (57.8%) in the intercrop compared with the sole crop yields. However, the mean land equivalent ratio of 1.13 for yield showed that intercropping had advantages as, on average, an area planted with sole crops would require 13% more land than an intercrop production to generate the same outcome. In the second experiment, carried out in another area with 16 farmers' fields, drought was more pronounced and only watermelon developed to maturity. Intercroppings with maize and sorghum resulted in 70% and 69% yield reduction, respectively. In conclusion, watermelon is a good companion crop for intercropping with cereals to mitigate the risk of total crop failure due to drought.
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Diallo, Chiaka, H. Frederick W. Rattunde, Vernon Gracen, Aboubacar Touré, Baloua Nebié, Willmar Leiser, Daniel K. Dzidzienyo, et al. "Genetic Diversification and Selection Strategies for Improving Sorghum Grain Yield Under Phosphorous-Deficient Conditions in West Africa." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110742.

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Sorghum, a major crop for income generation and food security in West and Central Africa, is predominantly grown in low-input farming systems with serious soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies. This study (a) estimates genetic parameters needed to design selection protocols that optimize genetic gains for yield under low-phosphorus conditions and (b) examines the utility of introgressed backcross nested association mapping (BCNAM) populations for diversifying Malian breeding materials. A total of 1083 BC1F5 progenies derived from an elite hybrid restorer “Lata-3” and 13 diverse donor accessions were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits under contrasting soil P conditions in Mali in 2013. A subset of 298 progenies were further tested under low-P (LP) and high-P (HP) conditions in 2014 and 2015. Significant genetic variation for grain yield was observed under LP and HP conditions. Selection for grain yield under LP conditions was feasible and more efficient than the indirect selection under HP in all three years of testing. Several of the BCNAM populations exhibited yields under LP conditions that were superior to the elite restorer line used as a recurrent parent. The BCNAM approach appears promising for diversifying the male parent pool with introgression of diverse materials using both adapted Malian breed and unadapted landrace material from distant geographic origins as donors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sorghum – Yields – Africa"

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Van, Tonder Nicolaas Christiaan Petrus. "Seed treatment of maize, sorghum and sunflower with effective micro- organisms." Thesis, [Bloemfontein?] : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/141.

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Thesis (M. Tech. Agriculture) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2012
A series of incubation studies and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of EM seed treatments, at different application levels, handling techniques and soil conditions on germination and seedling vigour of selected cultivars of maize, sorghum and sunflower. Two incubation studies were conducted to evaluate the germination and seedling vigour of maize, sorghum and sunflower seeds treated with M-EM from three different suppliers, multiplied at two different ratios (1% and 3%) and diluted at three different levels (0.01%, 0.1% and 1.0%) compared to a control treated with pure water. Results revealed no significant differences under optimum germination conditions, while seedlings under cold stress indicated that M-EM treatments positively affected germination and seedling vigour compared to the control treatments. Two incubation studies were also conducted to evaluate the germination and seedling vigour of maize, sorghum and sunflower seeds treated with M-EM from three different suppliers, multiplied at two different ratios (1% and 3%) and exposed to the influences of irradiation and temperature fluctuation. From the results became clear that the correct storage and handling is essential in optimizing the effect of M-EM on seeds. Even though M-EM was exposed to irradiation and temperature fluctuation, M-EM still had positive effects on germination and seedling vigour. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of EM as seed treatment, at different dilutions, on germination, seedling vigour and dry mass of maize, sorghum and sunflower at different planted depths. Germination were not affected by the M-EM treatment, while shoot length results indicated that seed treated with M-EM could have significant effect on seedling survival. A greater effect was visible on the shoot length of shallow planted seeds, than on deeper planted seeds. From the results no single company, ratio or dilution could be prescribed as paramount. To further investigate the effect of M-EM subjected to the influences of irradiation and temperature fluctuation; maize, sorghum and sunflower seeds were treated with M-EM from three different suppliers, multiplied at two different ratios (1% and 3%) and exposed to the influences of irradiation and temperature fluctuation and planted in soil. M-EM treatments only benefited the germination of deeper planted sorghum seeds compared to the control treatments. The shoot lengths of deeper planted maize and sunflower seed were positively increased by the M-EM treatments while also resulting in significant results for the overall shoot length of sorghum. The third pot study was conducted to determine the influence of EM as a seed treatment on maize, sorghum and sunflower planted in three different soils, namely: sterilized soil, soil treated with M-EM and Fusarium containing soil. Germination and seedling vigour results of the sterilized and M-EM treated soil revealed to be superior to that of the Fusarium containing soil. From the results was concluded that M-EM treatments will probably improve early seedling growth of maize, sorghum and sunflower compared to untreated seed and that M-EM seed treatment and a pre-plant EM soil treatment might assist seeds in unfavourable germination and growth conditions.
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Boyard-Micheau, Joseph. "Prévisibilité potentielle des variables climatiques à impact agricole en Afrique de l'Est et application au sorgho dans la région du mont Kenya." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS075/document.

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Dans les pays du Sud ruraux et à faibles revenus, la vulnérabilité des zones agricoles pluviales, face à la variabilité pluviométrique, nécessite de trouver des solutions efficaces pour limiter les effets des aléas climatiques sur les récoltes. La prévision des caractéristiques des saisons des pluies quelque temps avant leur démarrage devrait aider à l’établissement de stratégies agricoles d’adaptation aux aléas pluviométriques. C’est à cet objectif que s’attache ce travail, appliqué à l’Afrique de l’Est (Kenya et nord de la Tanzanie), et articulé en 3 parties :- Définir et comprendre le comportement des descripteurs intra saisonniers (DIS) qui feront l’objet de l’étude de prévisibilité. Un travail spécifique a permis le développement d’une nouvelle approche méthodologique dans la manière de définir les démarrages (DSP) et fins (FSP) de saisons des pluies à l’échelle régionale. Cette approche basée sur une analyse multivariée, permet de s’affranchir des choix subjectifs de seuils pluviométriques imposés par les définitions communément utilisée en agro-climatologie. Une analyse de cohérence spatiale à l’échelle inter annuelle montre que, pour les deux saisons des pluies (long rains et short rains), le cumul saisonnier et le nombre de jours de pluie présentent une forte cohérence spatiale, tandis qu’elle est plus modérée pour le démarrage et fin des saisons et faible pour l’intensité quotidienne moyenne.- Analyser la prévisibilité des DIS aux 2 échelles spatiales régionale et locale en s’appuyant sur les simulations numériques du modèle climatique global ECHAM 4.5. Les précipitations quotidiennes simulées par le modèle, même après correction des biais, ne permettent pas d’appréhender correctement la variabilité interannuelle des DIS. Une spécification de la variabilité des DSP et FSP menée par le biais de modèles statistiques construits à partir d’indices climatiques observés, présuppose une prévisibilité modérée des deux descripteurs à l’échelle locale (régionale), et cela quelle que soit la saison. Le développement de modèles statistico-dynamiques à partir des champs de vents simulés par ECHAM 4.5, en mode forcé par les températures marines observées d’une part et prévues d’autre part, montre également des performances faibles localement et régionalement. - Explorer la manière dont la variabilité spatio-temporelle des paramètres climatiques et environnementaux module la variabilité des rendements de sorgho. Ces rendements sont simulés par le modèle agronomique SARRA-H à partir de données climatiques observées (1973-2001) dans 3 stations localisées à différentes altitudes le long des pentes orientales du Mt Kenya. Le cumul précipité et la durée de la saison expliquent une part importante de la variabilité des rendements. D’autres variables apparaissent comme jouant un rôle non négligeable ; le nombre de jours de pluies, l’intensité quotidienne moyenne ou encore certains DIS relatifs à l’organisation temporelle des pluies au sein d’une saison en font partie. L’influence des autres variables météorologiques est seulement visible pour les ‘long rains’ avec une covariation négative entre les rendements et les températures maximales ou, le rayonnement global. La date de semis semble jouer un rôle dans la modulation des rendements pour les stations de haute et moyenne altitudes, mais avec des différences notables entre les deux saisons des pluies
In Southern countries with rural low income populations, the vulnerability of rainfed agriculture to rainfall variability requires effective solutions to mitigate the effects of climatic hazards on crops. Predicting the characteristics of rainy seasons some time before they start should help the establishment of agricultural adaptation strategies to rainfall hazards. This is the objective of the present study, focused on East Africa (Kenya and northern Tanzania), and divided in three parts:- Define and document intra-seasonal descriptors (ISD) that will be considered in the predictability study. A new methodological approach has been developed in order to define the onset date (ORS) and the cessation date (CRS) of the rainy seasons at the regional level. Based on a multivariate analysis, it eliminates the subjective choice of rainfall thresholds imposed by the definitions commonly used in agroclimatology. An analysis of spatial coherence at interannual time-scale shows that for the two rainy seasons ("long rains" and "short rains"), the seasonal amount and the number of rainy days have a high spatial coherence, while it is medium for the onset and cessation dates and low for the average daily rainfall intensity.- Analyze the predictability of the ISD at both regional and local scales based on numerical simulations from the global climate model ECHAM 4.5. Daily precipitation simulated by the model, even after bias correction, do not correctly capture the IDS interannual variability. A specification of the ORS and CRS variability using statistical models applied to observed climate indices, suggests quite a low predictability of the descriptors at the local (regional) scale, regardless of the season. The development of statistical-dynamical models from wind fields simulated by ECHAM 4.5, in experiments forced by either observed or predicted sea temperatures, also shows quite poor skills locally and regionally.- Explore how the space-time variability of climatic and environmental factors modulate the variations of sorghum yields. Crop yields are simulated by the agronomic model SARRA-H using observed climate data (1973-2001) at three stations located at different elevations along the eastern slopes of Mt Kenya. The seasonal rainfall accumulation and the duration of the season account for a large part of the yields variability. Other rainfall variables also play a significant role, among which the number of rainy days, the average daily intensity and some ISD related to the temporal organization of rainfall within the season. The influence of other meteorological variables is only found during the long rains, in the form of a negative correlation between yields and both maximum temperature and global radiation. Sowing dates seem to play a role in modulating yields for high and medium altitude stations, but with notable differences between the two rainy seasons
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Makanda, Itai. "Combining ability and heterosis for stem sugar traits and grain yield components in dual-purpose sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) germplasm." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/749.

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Karari, Clement Kamau. "Characterization of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench] parental lines and prediction of their hybrid performance under simulated water and population density stress." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5498.

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Sorghum breeders have not made much yield improvement in new sorghum varieties in Kenya since Serena in was released in the late 1960s. KARI Mtama-1 which was released in 1993 has no yield advantage over Serena. A yield plateau for sorghum in Kenya is apparent. A new breeding approach was adopted to break that yield barrier. Development of hybrid sorghum was proposed and is expected to break the yield barrier and also deliver cultivars that meet farmers' main requirements. The objectives of the study were to (1) identify farmers' requirements in sorghum cultivars, constraints to sorghum production and why improved cultivars from research are not being adopted, (2) characterize male and female parents and establish if genetic distance could identify superior parent populations for hybrid production (3) estimate genetic variance components and determine the possibility of using GCA and SCA estimates in choosing parents for use in hybrid production, (4) test hybrids and open pollinated variety (OPV) parental lines for stress tolerance and identify tolerant hybrids for further testing and, (5) compare single cross hybrids and OPV varieties in yield performance. Participatory rural appraisal in Kitengei and Nzambani areas of Kambu showed that sorghum was especially important in semi-arid parts of Kenya. Food, trade, feed, nursing food and thatching were the most important uses of sorghum. High grain and stover yield, large grain size, early maturity, drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, coloured grain and intermediate plant height were the major requirements of farmers. Fifty-three pollinators and forty-one male sterile parents were introduced from four sources and screened together with 27 pollen parents from Kenya. Parents and hybrids were tested in 4 environments: high and low plant density, in high and low moisture regimes laid out in a triple square lattice design in Kenya, with parents having two additional tests in South Africa. Males, females, sexes and parental sources differed significantly in head weight. There were sex x country and sex x environment interactions for head weight. Genetically distant parents' populations had higher chances of superior heterosis. Parents showed significant additive genetic variance in head weight. The regression of non-additive to additive genetic variance was roughly one and significant. Three female and five male parents were suitable for production of hybrids adapted to multiple environments. Hybrids and OPV lines significantly varied in head weight. Hybrids were superior to OPV lines in most agronomic traits. Economic superiority of the hybrids was sufficient to cover cost of hybrid production and distribution in Kenya. Hybrids and OPV lines varied significantly for plant density stress. Hybrids were less sensitive to stress and more productive than OPV lines under population density stress. KARI varieties were sensitive to plant density stress. In general low sensitivity to stress was beneficial and hybrids had superior yield to inbred varieties.
Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.
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Book chapters on the topic "Sorghum – Yields – Africa"

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Mosley, Paul. "Policy and Capital Market Constraints to the African Green Revolution: A Study of Maize and Sorghum Yields in Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe, 1960–91." In From Adjustment to Development in Africa, 248–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23596-4_12.

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Bado, B. V., A. Bationo, F. Lompo, K. Traore, M. P. Sedogo, and M. P. Cescas. "Long Term Effects of Crop Rotations with Fallow or Groundnut on Soil Fertility and Succeeding Sorghum Yields in the Guinea Savannah of West Africa." In Lessons learned from Long-term Soil Fertility Management Experiments in Africa, 27–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2938-4_2.

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Aderinoye-Abdulwahab, S. A., and T. A. Abdulbaki. "Climate Change Adaptation Strategies Among Cereal Farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 509–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_228.

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AbstractAgriculture is the art and science of food production which spans soil cultivation, crop growing, and livestock rearing. Over the years, it has served as a means of employment and accounts for more than one-third of total gross domestic product. Cereals, which include rice, maize, and sorghum, are the major dietary energy suppliers and they provide significant amounts of protein, minerals (potassium and calcium), and vitamins (vitamin A and C). The growth and good yield of cereal crop can be greatly influenced by elements of weather and climate such as temperature, sunlight, and relative humidity. While climate determines the choice of what plant to cultivate and how to cultivate, it has been undoubtedly identified as one of the fundamental factors that determine both crop cultivation and livestock keeping. The chapter, though theoretical, adopted Kwara State, Nigeria, as the focus due to favorable weather conditions that support grains production. It was observed that the effect of climate change on cereal production includes: drastic reduction in grains production, reduction in farmers’ profit level, increment in cost during production, diversification to nonfarming activities, and discouragement of youth from participating in agricultural activities. Also, the adopted coping strategies employed by farmers in the focus site were early planting, planting of improved variety, irrigation activities, alternates crop rotation, and cultivation of more agricultural areas. The chapter thus concluded that climate change has negative impact on cereals production and recommends that government should provide communal irrigation facilities that will cushion the effect of low rains on farmers’ productivity, while early planting and cultivation of drought-resistant cultivars should be encouraged.
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Compaore, E., P. Cattan, and J. B. S. Taonda. "Effect of Continuous Mineral and Organic Fertilizer Inputs and Plowing on Groundnut Yield and Soil Fertility in a Groundnut–Sorghum Rotation in Central Burkina Faso." In Innovations as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa, 597–603. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2543-2_61.

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Serme, Idriss, Korodjouma Ouattara, Dieudonné Ouattara, Souleymane Ouedraogo, Sansan Youl, and Charles Wortmann. "Sorghum Grain Yield Under Different Rates of Mineral and Organic Fertilizer Application in the South-Sudan Zone of Burkina Faso." In Improving the Profitability, Sustainability and Efficiency of Nutrients Through Site Specific Fertilizer Recommendations in West Africa Agro-Ecosystems, 235–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58792-9_14.

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Miriti, Joseph M., Anthony O. Esilaba, Karuturi P. C. Rao, Joab W. Onyango, Stephen K. Kimani, Peterson M. Njeru, and John K. Lekasi. "Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: An Evaluation of Yield Potential of Maize, Sorghum, Common Bean and Pigeon Pea Varieties in a Very Cool-Wet Region of Nyandarua County, Central Kenya." In Adapting African Agriculture to Climate Change, 97–108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13000-2_8.

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Kilasara, Method, M. E. Boa, E. Y. Swai, K. P. Sibuga, Boniface H. J. Massawe, and E. Kisetu. "Effect of In Situ Soil Water Harvesting Techniques and Local Plant Nutrient Sources on Grain Yield of Drought-Resistant Sorghum Varieties in Semi-arid Zone, Tanzania." In Sustainable Intensification to Advance Food Security and Enhance Climate Resilience in Africa, 255–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09360-4_13.

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"1 Africa south of the Sahara: vital statistics 283 12.2 Calendar for Africa south of the Sahara 283 12.3 Demographic features of the thirty African countries with the 289 largest populations 12.4 Economic and social aspects of the thirty African countries 290 with the largest populations 12.5 Smaller countries of Africa south of the Sahara 291 12.6 Sorghum and maize yields in selected countries 293 12.7 The mineral reserves of South Africa 295 12.8 Maize and sorghum yields in Ethiopia and the USA compared 298 12.9 The racial composition of the population of South Africa in 304 the twentieth century 13.1 Calendar for North Africa and Southwest Asia 309 13.2 Water, oil and gas, and Muslims in North Africa and 312 Southwest Asia 13.3 Demographic data for the countries of North Africa and 313 Southwest Asia 13.4 Economic and social data for the countries of North Africa and 314 Southwest Asia 13.5 The distribution of the Kurds 320 13.6 International trade 321 13.7 Major oil companies in the world 326 13.8 OPEC oil production and consumption 327 14.1 Calendar for South Asia 330." In Geography of the World's Major Regions, 669. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203429815-179.

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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Soils and Sustainable Agriculture : Ecological Considerations." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0018.

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Sustainable agriculture can be defined in many different ways. In industrial nations, sustainable agriculture means improving energy use efficiency, reducing environmental pollution, and increasing and sustaining profitability. For millions of small-holder farmers throughout the tropics, sustainable agriculture means providing basic food needs for the farming family, improving the farmer’s ability to replenish soil nutrients and control soil degradation, and optimizing crop yield per unit area of land. Soil utilization for agricultural production in the tropics during the past two centuries, to a large extent, has been influenced by the technological and economic changes in temperate regions. Research and development for agriculture during the colonial era were mainly focused on the needs of industrial nations, while the production of food crops for the indigenous inhabitants was largely left in the hands of the traditional slash-and-burn cultivators. Large and small cash crop plantations were developed on fertile, high-base-status allophanic and oxidic soils for coffee, cocoa, banana, and sugarcane production throughout the humid and subhumid tropics. Cotton was cultivated on smectitic soils and high-base-status kaolinitic soils in the subhumid and semiarid regions of Africa for the textile industries in temperate regions. In tropical America, cattle ranching, a production system introduced by European immigrants, still occupies most of the fertile flat land today, while food grains are usually cultivated on less fertile land or in shallow soils on steep slopes. In tropical Africa and Latin America, a wide range of food crops, such as maize and beans, potato, cowpea, sorghum, millet, cassava, and yam are mostly produced under the traditional slash-and-burn system of cultivation on less fertile kaolinitic soils. In tropical Asia, the indigenous intensive rice-based agriculture on wet smectitic soil has been practiced over many centuries and has been able to meet the basic food needs for the increasing population in the region. Generally, upland food crop production in the tropics has not kept pace with human population growth in the tropics during the past century. It was not until the 1950s and 1960s, following the independence of many nations in tropical Asia and Africa, that more attention was given to the research and development of food crop production.
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