To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Sorghum – Yields – Africa.
Journal articles on the topic 'Sorghum – Yields – Africa'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Sorghum – Yields – Africa.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Rai, K. N., D. S. Murty, D. J. Andrews, and P. J. Bramel-Cox. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet and sorghum for the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa." Genome 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-040.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), ranking fifth and sixth in global cereal hectarage, respectively, are the most important coarse-grain cereals in the semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet displays better adaptation to and is grown in relatively more marginal environments than sorghum. Under subsistence farming conditions, both crops have low grain yields (0.5-0.7 t·ha-1 for pearl millet and 0.7-0.9 t·ha-1 for sorghum), although improved hybrid cultivars give 3-4 t·ha-1 of realizable grain yields in better-endowed environments. African germplasm, especially Zera Zera sorghums from the Sudan-Ethiopian border in eastern Africa and Iniari pearl millets from the Togo - Ghana - Benin - Burkina Faso region of western Africa, has proved most useful for the genetic improvement of these crops. The greatest impact of improved cultivars (mostly hybrids) has occurred in India, where the area under high-yielding varieties (HYVs) increased from 6% for pearl millet and 3% for sorghum in the triennium 1968-1970 to 53% for pearl millet and 54% for sorghum in the triennium 1992-1994. During the same period, productivity of both crops increased by 59%, which is attributable to both genetic improvement and management factors. HYVs have now started to be adopted in some of the African countries as well (e.g., Chad, Cameroon, Botswana, and Zimbabwe for sorghum; Chad, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for pearl millet). The availability of vast untapped genetic resources and continuing yield gains indicate that there are good prospects for future genetic improvement in the productivity of these crops, which can be accelerated with the application of biotechnological tools. Sorghum and pearl millet will continue to be important food crops in their traditional semi-arid tropical areas. Sorghum is already an important feed crop in the developed world and pearl millet has the potential to become an even better feed crop, as it has higher protein content and a better amino acid profile than sorghum. The nutritional value of both crops for food and feed use can be further improved by breeding. Also, through genetic enhancement, there exist opportunities for the development of sorghum and pearl millet cultivars suitable for alternative uses in the bakery and beverage industries.Key words: sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, genetic enhancement, semi-arid tropics, Asia, Africa, cultivars, impact.
2
Parkes, Ben, Dimitri Defrance, Benjamin Sultan, Philippe Ciais, and Xuhui Wang. "Projected changes in crop yield mean and variability over West Africa in a world 1.5 K warmer than the pre-industrial era." Earth System Dynamics 9, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-119-2018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The ability of a region to feed itself in the upcoming decades is an important issue. The West African population is expected to increase significantly in the next 30 years. The responses of crops to short-term climate change is critical to the population and the decision makers tasked with food security. This leads to three questions: how will crop yields change in the near future? What influence will climate change have on crop failures? Which adaptation methods should be employed to ameliorate undesirable changes? An ensemble of near-term climate projections are used to simulate maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa in the recent historic period (1986–2005) and a near-term future when global temperatures are 1.5 K above pre-industrial levels to assess the change in yield, yield variability and crop failure rate. Four crop models were used to simulate maize, millet and sorghum in West Africa in the historic and future climates. Across the majority of West Africa the maize, millet and sorghum yields are shown to fall. In the regions where yields increase, the variability also increases. This increase in variability increases the likelihood of crop failures, which are defined as yield negative anomalies beyond 1 standard deviation during the historic period. The increasing variability increases the frequency of crop failures across West Africa. The return time of crop failures falls from 8.8, 9.7 and 10.1 years to 5.2, 6.3 and 5.8 years for maize, millet and sorghum respectively. The adoption of heat-resistant cultivars and the use of captured rainwater have been investigated using one crop model as an idealized sensitivity test. The generalized doption of a cultivar resistant to high-temperature stress during flowering is shown to be more beneficial than using rainwater harvesting.
3
Mak-Mensah, Erastus, Peter Bilson Obour, and Qi Wang. "Influence of tied-ridge-furrow with inorganic fertilizer on grain yield across semiarid regions of Asia and Africa: A meta-analysis." PeerJ 9 (August 17, 2021): e11904. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11904.
Full textAbstract:
Background In semiarid areas, low productivity of crops has been attributed to lack of appropriate soil moisture conservation practices since droughts and soil erosion are rampant in most areas of this region. Consequently, ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting is widely used in these regions across the globe. Despite ridge-furrow being widely practiced, tied-ridge-furrow has not been extensively adopted by small-scale farmers in semi-arid regions. Consequently, the effectiveness of tied-ridge-furrow as a viable method of increasing crop yield has received less attention. Methodology For large-scale implementation, a detailed assessment of how ridge furrow, tied–ridge-furrow with fertilizer, tied-ridge-furrow with mulching and tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer influence crop yield in different agro-environments under varying climatic conditions is needed. This study used the PRISMA guidelines to determine the impact of tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting technique with mulching or fertilizer on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grain yields. Results Sorghum grain yield increased by 17% greater in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer in comparison to flat planting. This may be due to increase in soil organic carbon in the region (9 g kg−1). Grain yield of millet significantly increased by 20–40% in Africa from 18 study observations in tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer application as compared to tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatments. This might be due to the significant increase in total nitrogen by 13–42% in the soil at <50 mg kg−1 quantity which had an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67]. In terms of soil texture, grain yield of millet and sorghum significantly increased in heavy textured soils (clay loam, silt clay, and clay soils) with an effect size of 469.14 [65.60, 872.67] compared to light and medium-textured soils of zero effect sizes. Millet and sorghum grain yields in tied-ridge-furrow with mulching, on the other hand, were not significantly different from those in flat planting. This may be due to the mulching materials used in those tests. Conclusion In view of yields of sorghum and millet increased significantly by 32% and 17% in tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment compared to flat planting and tied-ridge-furrow with fertilizer treatment compared with tied-ridge-furrow without mulching or fertilizer treatment, respectively, this study recommend the use of fertilizers in a tied-ridge-furrow system to increase grain yield in semiarid areas compared to flat planting. Again, the study recommends more research on tied-ridge-furrow systems with other organic mulches and fertilizers in semiarid areas.
4
Starr, Mike, Biar Deng, and Juha Helenius. "AquaCrop-Simulated Response of Sorghum Biomass and Grain Yield to Biochar Amendment in South Sudan." Agronomy 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010067.
Full textAbstract:
The dependency on rainfed agriculture and weak adaptability of the agricultural sector to climate change threaten food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Biochar has widely been touted as a relatively easy means of increasing the soil water storage capacity of soils and thereby improving or maintaining crop yields. In this study we simulated the effect of biochar amendment on sorghum aboveground biomass and grain yield at a site in South Sudan. We used the model AquaCrop parameterized using site, soil, and cropping management data from a field experiment carried out at the site in 2011 and 2012, which were both wet years. Changes in soil hydraulic properties due to biochar were based on a published meta-analysis study. In order to investigate whether the response to biochar differed in dry years, simulations were also carried out for 1990, which was the driest year during the period 1979–2014. Measured and modelled biomass and yields with and without biochar for 2011 and 2012 were compared. Simulated and measured yields depended on growing season rainfall and distribution. The simulations showed that biochar amendment had an effect on rooting zone soil water content and sorghum biomass and grain yield in 1990, but not in 2011 and 2012. In view of expected climate change, the results have important implications for sorghum production and the potential use of biochar in SSA. Given the limited response of grain yield to biochar shown in our simulations, careful selection of sorghum variety and cultivar and consideration of planting date may be a more effective means of improving yields than applying biochar.
5
Mufungizi, A. A., W. Musakwa, and T. Gumbo. "A LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE VHEMBE DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA, THE CASE OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 1023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-1023-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 and 2 stand for “No poverty” and “Zero hunger” respectively. Achieving these goals cannot be separated from promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring livelihoods, especially for rural communities. This study sought to determine the suitability of land for the cultivation of maize and sorghum crops in Vhembe District, South Africa. The study applied the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC), multi-criteria decision-making techniques, for criteria weights calculations and suitability maps calculations respectively within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Six criteria were used; Soil pH, Soil Structure, Rainfall, Maximum Temperature, Minimum Temperature and Elevation. A consistency ratio (CR) of 0.035 was obtained for maize criteria weights and 0.036 for sorghum criteria weights. The results revealed that only limited portions of the whole district are highly suitable for the cultivation of Maize with 15.01% and Sorghum with 19.39 of the land arable for farming. This suggests lower maize and sorghum crops yields in the district and the paper recommends more cultivation of other drought resistant crops other than maize and sorghum.
6
Serme, Idriss, Korodjouma Ouattara, Alimata Arzouma Bandaogo, and Charles Wortmann. "Pearl Millet and Sorghum Yield Response to Fertilizer in the Sahel of Burkina Faso." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (February 6, 2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i1.12384.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) were domesticated in Africa for human consumption and are often the dominant cereals in semi-arid areas where yield is constrained by soil water deficits, nutrient deficiencies, and other constraints. Research was conducted to quantify yield responses and profitability of sorghum and pearl millet produced in the Sahel of Burkina Faso to fertilizer N, P, K, and a Mg-S-Zn-B diagnostic treatment. Mean yields across trials were 1.2 and 0.9 Mg ha-1 for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively. The effects of N, K, the diagnostic treatment, and interactions were not significant for both pearl millet and sorghum. There was a mean curvilinear to plateau response to P for pearl millet and a linear response to P for sorghum. The economical optimal P rates for pearl millet were modest, ranging from 6 to 33 kg ha–1 at 100% of the rate to maximize net returns per ha to P application when the cost of using fertilizer P was high and low, respectively, relative to the grain price (Table 4). The application of P for pearl millet had high profit potential even with a high cost P use scenario. For sorghum production, P application was not profitable if the cost per kg of fertilizer P use exceeded the value of 9 kg of sorghum grain. The results, therefore, indicate a high and low profit potential for P applied for pearl millet and sorghum, respectively, in the Sahel of Burkina Faso.
7
Sultan, B., K. Guan, M. Kouressy, M. Biasutti, C. Piani, G. L. Hammer, G. McLean, and D. B. Lobell. "Robust features of future climate change impacts on sorghum yields in West Africa." Environmental Research Letters 9, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 104006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/10/104006.
Full text
8
Petersen, Lillian. "Real-Time Prediction of Crop Yields From MODIS Relative Vegetation Health: A Continent-Wide Analysis of Africa." Remote Sensing 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10111726.
Full textAbstract:
Developing countries often have poor monitoring and reporting of weather and crop health, leading to slow responses to droughts and food shortages. Here, I develop satellite analysis methods and software tools to predict crop yields two to four months before the harvest. This method measures relative vegetation health based on pixel-level monthly anomalies of NDVI, EVI and NDWI indices. Because no crop mask, tuning, or subnational ground truth data are required, this method can be applied to any location, crop, or climate, making it ideal for African countries with small fields and poor ground observations. Testing began in Illinois where there is reliable county-level crop data. Correlations were computed between corn, soybean, and sorghum yields and monthly vegetation health anomalies for every county and year. A multivariate regression using every index and month (up to 1600 values) produced a correlation of 0.86 with corn, 0.74 for soybeans, and 0.65 for sorghum, all with p-values less than 10 − 6 . The high correlations in Illinois show that this model has good forecasting skill for crop yields. Next, the method was applied to every country in Africa for each country’s main crops. Crop production was then predicted for the 2018 harvest and compared to actual production values. Twenty percent of the predictions had less than 2% error, and 40% had less than 5% error. This method is unique because of its simplicity and versatility: it shows that a single user on a laptop computer can produce reasonable real-time estimates of crop yields across an entire continent.
9
MUNISSE, P., B. D. JENSEN, O. A. QUILAMBO, S. B. ANDERSEN, and J. L. CHRISTIANSEN. "WATERMELON INTERCROPPED WITH CEREALS UNDER SEMI-ARID CONDITIONS: AN ON-FARM STUDY." Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712000051.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYIntercropping is a common practice in Africa, but the advantage compared to sole cropping depends on the crop plants and local agro-ecological conditions. The potential of intercropping maize (Zea mays) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) was tested in two on-farm trials in southern Mozambique under semi-arid conditions in an area with low and unpredictable rainfall. In the first experiment, plant density, yield and monetary value of sole and intercropping plots of maize with watermelon were determined in 17 farmers' fields in an area where all crops developed to maturity and harvest. There was a significant reduction in yield of both maize (28.8%) and watermelon (57.8%) in the intercrop compared with the sole crop yields. However, the mean land equivalent ratio of 1.13 for yield showed that intercropping had advantages as, on average, an area planted with sole crops would require 13% more land than an intercrop production to generate the same outcome. In the second experiment, carried out in another area with 16 farmers' fields, drought was more pronounced and only watermelon developed to maturity. Intercroppings with maize and sorghum resulted in 70% and 69% yield reduction, respectively. In conclusion, watermelon is a good companion crop for intercropping with cereals to mitigate the risk of total crop failure due to drought.
10
Diallo, Chiaka, H. Frederick W. Rattunde, Vernon Gracen, Aboubacar Touré, Baloua Nebié, Willmar Leiser, Daniel K. Dzidzienyo, et al. "Genetic Diversification and Selection Strategies for Improving Sorghum Grain Yield Under Phosphorous-Deficient Conditions in West Africa." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110742.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum, a major crop for income generation and food security in West and Central Africa, is predominantly grown in low-input farming systems with serious soil phosphorus (P) deficiencies. This study (a) estimates genetic parameters needed to design selection protocols that optimize genetic gains for yield under low-phosphorus conditions and (b) examines the utility of introgressed backcross nested association mapping (BCNAM) populations for diversifying Malian breeding materials. A total of 1083 BC1F5 progenies derived from an elite hybrid restorer “Lata-3” and 13 diverse donor accessions were evaluated for yield and agronomic traits under contrasting soil P conditions in Mali in 2013. A subset of 298 progenies were further tested under low-P (LP) and high-P (HP) conditions in 2014 and 2015. Significant genetic variation for grain yield was observed under LP and HP conditions. Selection for grain yield under LP conditions was feasible and more efficient than the indirect selection under HP in all three years of testing. Several of the BCNAM populations exhibited yields under LP conditions that were superior to the elite restorer line used as a recurrent parent. The BCNAM approach appears promising for diversifying the male parent pool with introgression of diverse materials using both adapted Malian breed and unadapted landrace material from distant geographic origins as donors.
11
Müller, Manuel, Siaka Dembélé, Robert Zougmoré, Thomas Gaiser, and Samuel Partey. "Performance of Three Sorghum Cultivars under Excessive Rainfall and Waterlogged Conditions in the Sudano-Sahelian Zone of West Africa: A Case Study at the Climate-Smart Village of Cinzana in Mali." Water 12, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 2655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102655.
Full textAbstract:
Recent climate analyses show trends for increasing precipitation variability with increasing precipitation sums in Mali. The increasing occurrence of temporary intra-seasonal droughts and waterlogging longer than a week demands climate-smart solutions. Research has focused on water deficits since the 1980s. However, besides droughts, waterlogging can restrict productivity of sensitive cash and staple crops as cotton and corn. The year 2019 offered the historically unique opportunity to monitor waterlogging effects with 1088 mm precipitation in the rural commune Cinzanawith an isohyet of 681 mm. Impacts of two extreme downpours on three sorghum cultivars were monitored in a farmers-field experiment with three replications. All sorghum cultivars performed well in 2019 with significantly higher grain and above ground biomass yields than in the reference year 2007, with well distributed rainfall in Cinzana. “Jakumbè” (CSM63E) produced significantly higher grain yields than the hybrid cultivar “PR3009B” bred for high harvest index. The local cultivar “Gnofing” selected by local farmers produced significantly higher above ground biomass. All cultivars tolerated without severe stress symptoms 20 days waterlogging and 72 h inundation. Further waterlogging resilience research of other crops and other sorghum cultivars is needed to strengthen food security in Mali with expected increasing precipitation variation in the future.
12
MULEBA, N. "Effects of cowpea, crotalaria and sorghum crops and phosphorus fertilizers on maize productivity in semi-arid West Africa." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 1 (February 1999): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006182.
Full textAbstract:
Cowpea and sorghum grain crops, fertilized with 26 kg of phosphorus (P) per ha from either a P-soluble (SP) or a slightly P-soluble fertilizer (Kodjari, a natural rock phosphate (RP) indigenous to Burkina Faso), and cowpea and crotalaria (Crotalaria retusa) green manure crops, either unfertilized or fertilized with 26 kg P/ha from RP; were studied for their effects as preceding crop treatments for maize. The experiment was conducted in semi-arid West Africa (SAWA) at Farako-Bâ in Burkina Faso in 1983–86. Nitrogen (N) and soluble P fertilized and unfertilized subtreatments, applied to maize the following year, allowed the effects of the preceding crop treatments in improving soil fertility and the direct effects of P and N fertilizers applied to the maize crop to be assessed. Maize productivity was increased both by P fertilization and by soil improvements following cowpea and crotalaria; N fertilization in excess of 60 kg N/ha was not beneficial. Cowpea grain crop treatments, especially when fertilized with a P-soluble source, maximized maize yields, whereas cowpea and crotalaria green manure treatments were either similar to the cowpea grain treatment fertilized with RP or were intermediate between the latter and the sorghum treatment fertilized with SP. Sorghum, regardless of the source of P-fertilizer used, appeared not to be a suitable preceding crop for maize in SAWA.
13
Vasey, R. A., J. D. Scholes, and M. C. Press. "Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Is Susceptible to the Parasitic Angiosperm Striga hermonthica, a Major Cereal Pathogen in Africa." Phytopathology® 95, no. 11 (November 2005): 1294–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-95-1294.
Full textAbstract:
Striga hermonthica is a parasitic weed endemic to sub-Saharan Africa. It most commonly parasitizes sorghum, maize, pearl millet, and upland rice, lowering yields and affecting the welfare of over 100 million people, principally subsistence farmers. Cereal crops with complete resistance to this pathogen have not been reported. In southern and eastern Africa, where Striga spp. are endemic, 5.6 million ha of wheat are cultivated annually. Despite this, there are only isolated field reports of wheat infected with Striga spp. It is not clear whether this is due to resistance in this cereal or to environmental factors. In this article, we examined the ability of root exudates from five cultivars of wheat (Chablis, Cadenza, Hereward, Riband, and Brigadier) to trigger germination of S. hermonthica seed. A study of the development of S. hermonthica on two cultivars of wheat (Hereward and Chablis) and on a range of ancestral relatives of wheat (Triticum and Aegilops spp.) then was conducted. Last, the effect of Striga spp. on host growth and yield was examined using wheat cv. Chablis and compared with that of a highly susceptible sorghum cultivar (CSH-1). Wheat was able to support the germination, attachment, and subsequent development of Striga spp. All wheat cultivars and ancestral species of modern wheat (Triticum and Aegilops spp.) were susceptible to S. hermonthica. In addition, in wheat, infection severely lowered plant height (-24%) and biomass accumulation (-33%); a small parasite biomass elicited a large host response. In conclusion, wheat is highly susceptible to S. hermonthica and, in light of global climate change, this may have implications for wheat-producing areas of Africa.
14
Chipfunde, Onismus, and Mhosisi Masocha. "Screening Non-Improved Zimbabwean Sorghum Land Races for Resistance to Witch Weed." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 20, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v20i1.34889.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum is an important cereal for food security in semi-arid regions of the world (Mukarumbwa and Mushunje 2010). Semi-arid regions are characterized by frequent droughts leading to crop failure. In addition to drought, sorghum production in the smallholder farming sector in Sub-Saharan Africa can be undermined by the parasitic witch weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze (Stroud, 1993). S. asiatica parasitism can cause cereal yields to drop by as much as 60% hence it poses a threat to food security (Mabasa, 1993). The aim of this study is to screen sorghum landraces for S. asiatica resistance and test the escape hypothesis through a controlled in a pot experiment. A pot experiment was established on 1 March 2013 at the Henderson Research Station in Zimbabwe. It is situated in agro-ecological region II of Zimbabwe. The annual average rainfall is 864 mm. Mean annual temperature is 21 oC (Mujere and Mazvimavi, 2012). The dominant soil type is red clay loam belonging to the fersiallitic group (Wulff et al. 2002). Four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces consisting of two early maturing and two late maturing varieties were obtained from the National Genebank in Harare for this experiment. The early maturing landraces were Tsveta and Nhongoro while the late maturing landraces were Musoswe and Khaki. The biological characteristics of these landraces including days to 50% flowering is shown in Table 1.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 106-108
15
Sultan, B., P. Roudier, P. Quirion, A. Alhassane, B. Muller, M. Dingkuhn, P. Ciais, M. Guimberteau, S. Traore, and C. Baron. "Assessing climate change impacts on sorghum and millet yields in the Sudanian and Sahelian savannas of West Africa." Environmental Research Letters 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 014040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014040.
Full text
16
Osman, Maysoon A. A., Joshua Orungo Onono, Lydia A. Olaka, Muna M. Elhag, and Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman. "Climate Variability and Change Affect Crops Yield under Rainfed Conditions: A Case Study in Gedaref State, Sudan." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091680.
Full textAbstract:
It is projected that, on average, annual temperature will increase between 2 °C to 6 °C under high emission scenarios by the end of the 21st century, with serious consequences in food and nutrition security, especially within semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to investigate the impact of historical long-term climate (temperature and rainfall) variables on the yield of five major crops viz., sorghum, sesame, cotton, sunflower, and millet in Gedaref state, Sudan over the last 35 years. Mann–Kendall trend analysis was used to determine the existing positive or negative trends in temperature and rainfall, while simple linear regression was used to assess trends in crop yield over time. The first difference approach was used to remove the effect of non-climatic factors on crop yield. On the other hand, the standardized anomaly index was calculated to assess the variability in both rainfall and temperature over the study period (i.e., 35 years). Correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were employed to determine the relationships between climatic variables and crops yield. Similarly, a simple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between the length of the rainy season and crop yield. The results showed that the annual maximum temperature (Tmax) increased by 0.03 °C per year between the years 1984 and 2018, while the minimum temperature (Tmin) increased by 0.05 °C per year, leading to a narrow range in diurnal temperature (DTR). In contrast, annual rainfall fluctuated with no evidence of a significant (p > 0.05) increasing or decreasing trend. The yields for all selected crops were negatively correlated with Tmin, Tmax (r ranged between −0.09 and −0.76), and DTR (r ranged between −0.10 and −0.70). However, the annual rainfall had a strong positive correlation with yield of sorghum (r = 0.64), sesame (r = 0.58), and sunflower (r = 0.75). Furthermore, the results showed that a longer rainy season had significant (p < 0.05) direct relationships with the yield of most crops, while Tmax, Tmin, DTR, and amount of rainfall explained more than 50% of the variability in the yield of sorghum (R2 = 0.70), sunflower (R2 = 0.61), and millet (R2 = 0.54). Our results call for increased awareness among different stakeholders and policymakers on the impact of climate change on crop yield, and the need to upscale adaptation measures to mitigate the negative impacts of climate variability and change.
17
AGYEMANG, K., D. L. DOGOO, and H. J. MAKUN. "PROFITABILITY OF FORAGE PRODUCTION IN SMALLHOLDER PERI-URBAN DAIRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS." Experimental Agriculture 34, no. 4 (October 1998): 423–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479798004013.
Full textAbstract:
Peri-urban dairy producers in West Africa face major production constraints including inadequate and poor quality feeds. In view of the high cost of traditional supplementary feeds such as oilseed cakes, the production of forage, especially legumes, is increasingly being advocated. However, it has not been established whether returns in terms of increased livestock productivity from sown forages will be adequate to encourage smallholder livestock owners to undertake forage production for indigenous livestock.In three trials involving indigenous Bunaji cows biological and economic responses in terms of milk yields to farmer-planted forage legumes and tree legumes from home gardens were evaluated. Synthesis of the resulting data on labour inputs, forage yields, feed intakes, milk yields, value of outputs and cost of inputs such as seeds and fertilizers showed that for the semi-intensive smallholder and zero-grazed models considered in this study, the margin or profit from using home-grown fodder was 5–8 times the cost of acquiring the feed. The opportunity cost of using the land for forage production rather than for cultivating sorghum, a highly favoured cereal crop, was only 67% of the accrued benefits from milk yields produced by cows supplemented with the forage hays. Thus, there is a real potential for profitable dairy production in peri-urban areas using home-grown fodder.
18
Karst, Isabel G., Isabel Mank, Issouf Traoré, Raissa Sorgho, Kim-Jana Stückemann, Séraphin Simboro, Ali Sié, Jonas Franke, and Rainer Sauerborn. "Estimating Yields of Household Fields in Rural Subsistence Farming Systems to Study Food Security in Burkina Faso." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2020): 1717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111717.
Full textAbstract:
Climate change has an increasing impact on food security and child nutrition, particularly among rural smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Their limited resources and rainfall dependent farming practices make them sensitive to climate change-related effects. Data and research linking yield, human health, and nutrition are scarce but can provide a basis for adaptation and risk management strategies. In support of studies on child undernutrition in Burkina Faso, this study analyzed the potential of remote sensing-based yield estimates at household level. Multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data from the growing season 2018 were used to model yield of household fields (median 1.4 hectares (ha), min 0.01 ha, max 12.6 ha) for the five most prominent crops in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance (HDSS) area in Burkina Faso. Based on monthly metrics of vegetation indices (VIs) and in-situ harvest measurements from an extensive field survey, yield prediction models for different crops of high dietary importance (millet, sorghum, maize, and beans) were successfully generated producing R² between 0.4 and 0.54 (adj. R² between 0.32 and 0.5). The models were spatially applied and resulted in a yield estimation map at household level, enabling predictions of up to 2 months prior to harvest. The map links yield on a 10-m spatial resolution to households and consequently can display potential food insecurity. The results highlight the potential for satellite imagery to provide yield predictions of smallholder fields and are discussed in the context of health-related studies such as child undernutrition and food security in rural Africa under climate change.
19
Ndemah, R., S. Gounou, and F. Schulthess. "The role of wild grasses in the management of lepidopterous stem-borers on maize in the humid tropics of western Africa." Bulletin of Entomological Research 92, no. 6 (December 2002): 507–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/ber2002196.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSites in the humid forest of Cameroon and the derived savanna of Benin were selected to evaluate the effect of planting border rows of wild host plants on lepidopterous stem-borer infestations and on maize yield. Grass species were chosen that in surveys and greenhouse trials were highly attractive to ovipositing female moths but with offspring mortality of close to 100%, thus acting as trap plants. In Cameroon, elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum Moench significantly lowered infestations of Busseola fusca (Fuller), Sesamia calamistis Hampson and Eldana saccharina Walker and increased yields of maize though the differences were not significant during all three cropping seasons. In 1998 in Benin, the only grass tested, Pennisetum polystachion L., significantly increased parasitism of mainly S. calamistis eggs by Telenomus spp. and larvae by Cotesia sesamiae Cameron and reduced numbers of the cob-borer Mussidia nigrivenella Ragonot. In 1999, three grass species; P. polystachion, Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf and Panicum maximum Jacq. were tested. Panicum maximum was the most efficient species for suppressing S. calamistis and M. nigrivenella infestations and enhancing egg and larval parasitism. In the Benin trials, with the exception of M. nigrivenella damage to cobs, the grass species tested had no beneficial effect on yield because pest densities were too low and also rodent damage to maize was enhanced with grasses in the vicinity of the crop. By contrast, stand losses due to Fusarium verticillioides Sacc. (Nirenberg), were significantly reduced by border rows of grasses.
20
Berg, Alexis, Philippe Quirion, and Benjamin Sultan. "Weather-Index Drought Insurance in Burkina-Faso: Assessment of Its Potential Interest to Farmers." Weather, Climate, and Society 1, no. 1 (October 1, 2009): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009wcas1008.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract By using a detailed agricultural and climate dataset over Burkina-Faso and simple assumptions regarding the form of an insurance contract, the authors investigate the potential economic efficiency for farmers of a weather-index insurance system in this country. To do so, the results of more than 3000 simulated contracts applied to 30 districts, 21 yr (1984–2004), and five crops (cotton, millet, sorghum, maize, and groundnut) are explored. It is found that such an insurance system, even based on a simple weather index like cumulative rainfall during the rainy season, can present a significant economic efficiency for some crops and districts. The determinants of the efficiency of such contracts are analyzed in terms of yield/index correlations and yield variability. As a consequence of these two main determinants, the farmer’s gain from an insurance contract is higher in the driest part of the country. In the same way, maize and groundnuts are the most suitable to implement an insurance system since their respective yields show a large variance and a generally high correlation with the weather index. However, the implementation of a real weather-index insurance system in West Africa raises a number of key practical issues related to cultural, economic, and institutional aspects.
21
Amouzou, Kokou Adambounou, John P. A. Lamers, Jesse B. Naab, Christian Borgemeister, Paul L. G. Vlek, and Mathias Becker. "Climate change impact on water- and nitrogen-use efficiencies and yields of maize and sorghum in the northern Benin dry savanna, West Africa." Field Crops Research 235 (April 2019): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.02.021.
Full text
22
Bado, B. V., A. Bationo, and M. P. Cescas. "Assessment of cowpea and groundnut contributions to soil fertility and succeeding sorghum yields in the Guinean savannah zone of Burkina Faso (West Africa)." Biology and Fertility of Soils 43, no. 2 (March 28, 2006): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0076-7.
Full text
23
Khan, Zeyaur R., Jimmy O. Pittchar, Charles A. O. Midega, and John A. Pickett. "Push-Pull Farming System Controls Fall Armyworm: Lessons from Africa." Outlooks on Pest Management 29, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v29_oct_09.
Full textAbstract:
Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda invaded Africa, with the first detections being reported in Central and Western Africa in early 2016, and now affects at least 40 countries in Africa, causing up to total crop loss amounting to over $6.2 billion p.a. FAW is an invasive polyphagous pest that causes damage to economically important crops and has recently been reported in the Indian sub-continent. Effective control of FAW through use of synthetic chemical pesticides and genetically modified crops such as Bt maize faces challenges including improper use, unaffordability by smallholder farmers and development of resistance by the pest. Additionally, dispersal of FAW larvae into the lower maize plant canopy keeps them out of reach of topical insecticide applications. Integrated pest management (IPM) packages like the push-pull technology which eliminate pesticide use, and deploy natural processes are more suitable and cost-effective. Push-pull is a farming system intensification approach that involves attracting insect pests with trap plants (pull) such as Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) or Brachiaria grass, while driving them away from the main crop using a repellent intercrop (push), Desmodium spp., commonly known as desmodium, and attracting natural parasitoids and predators to the field. In the rhizosphere, chemicals secreted by desmodium roots inhibit attachment of germinated striga to maize or sorghum roots and abort germination of striga seeds which are rapidly depleted in the soil. Moreover, it improves soil fertility by fixing nitrogen, improving carbon sequestration, organic matter, moisture retention, and soil biota, and prevents further degradation of soil. The climate-adapted push-pull technology significantly reduces plant damage by FAW and is the first IPM management tool for the pest in Africa, and is well suited to agro-ecosystem intensification needs of smallholder mixed farming systems in Africa and beyond. Both the African and the Asian continents provide favourable climatic conditions for sustained reproduction of the FAW, which is expected to result in severe damage to crops; and being a new pest in both continents, it might have few natural enemies. Conventional control methods have limited effectiveness, as explained above. Therefore, an IPM approach that is compatible with mixed cropping farming systems of small and medium scale farmers is necessary. The climate adapted push-pull is the first demonstrated IPM management tool for the FAW in Africa. The technology combines this with other concomitant benefits including control of stemborers and the parasitic striga weeds, improvement of soil health through factors such as nitrogen fixation by desmodium, natural mulching, moisture retention and improvement of soil organic matter and soil biota. The combined benefits, including control of FAW, result in ecologically sustainable higher crop yields, and well suited to agro-ecosystem intensification needs of smallholder mixed farming systems in Africa and beyond.
24
Mwamahonje, Andekelile, John Saviour Yaw Eleblu, Kwadwo Ofori, Tileye Feyissa, Santosh Deshpande, and Pangirayi Tongoona. "Evaluation of Traits’ Performance Contributing to Drought Tolerance in Sorghum." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2021): 1698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091698.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is an important food crop for people in semiarid Africa. The crop is affected by post-flowering drought; therefore, the study was conducted to screen traits contributing to drought tolerance using BC2F4 sorghum genotypes in stressed and unstressed water conditions in a split-plot design. Water stress (0 mm/day) was applied at post-flowering to plant maturity in water-stressed treatment. The genotype SE438 produced the highest grain yield (2.65 ton ha−1) in water-stressed environment and NA316C yielded highest (3.42 ton ha−1) under well-watered (7 mm/day) environment. There were significant differences of most traits evaluated at p < 0.01 across environments. The mean squares of traits for genotypes by environments revealed interactions at p < 0.05 and p < 0.01. The indices geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) were highly correlated with yield under well-watered (YP) and water-stressed condition (YS) and each other. The first principal axis (PC1) explained 59.1% of the total variation. It is the best indicator of yield potential and drought tolerance of sorghum genotypes in this study. Therefore, further improvement is needed to strengthen drought tolerance and yield in sorghum.
25
Sawadogo, Jacques, Pane Jeanne d’Arc Coulibaly, Wendpouiré Carine Valea, and Jean Boukari Legma. "Sustainable soil management for improving sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in West Africa, Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 7 (December 3, 2020): 2373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i7.1.
Full textAbstract:
Improved sorghum management practice can provide smallholder farmers with stability in their household nutritional needs and ensure food security. This study was therefore conducted to compare the effect of the single of two organic resources and their combined use with inorganic fertilizer (IN) on soil fertility and sorghum production. It was conducted in the Northern part of Burkina Faso. The treatments consisted of two levels of IN (the normal and the half dose of NPK + urea) and two types of organic resources (simple compost SC and Piliostigma reticulatum leaves compost CP). These treatments were combined to give 6 treatments: T1: control ; T2 : SC ; T3 : CP; T4 : SC + ½ dose of IN ; T5 : CP + ½ dose of IN ; T6 : normal dose of IN. The experiment was led using a randomized complete block design in three replications. The result revealed a greater improvement of soil pH and nutrients induced by CP used alone. However, when combined with IN, it decreased significantly soil nutrients and sorghum yield components and yield. Contrary, the SC in combination with IN gave the highest improvement in yield components and yield of sorghum. The use of IN alone increased sorghum yield components and yield but it contributed to decrease soil pH and nutrients content. A combined use of inorganic and organic fertilizers could be therefore recommended for maintaining soil fertility and for a sustainable production of sorghum.Keywords : Organic and inorganic resources, soil nutrients, sorghum yield.
26
Nikiema, S. Zara, Jacob Sanou, Banse Ouedraogo, Vernon Gracen, B. Pangirayi Tongoona, and Samuel Offei Kwame. "Genetic diversity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) accessions from thirteen regions of Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 5 (September 14, 2020): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i5.5.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a staple food crop for West African countries in general and Burkina Faso in particular. It is mainly grown by small holder farmers for their livelihoods. They grow their landraces which is a mixture of more than two varieties. Unfortunately, the yields of farmer varieties are low compared to improved ones bred by sorghum breeders with the potential up to 3t/ha. The objective of the study was to identify the genetic diversity between improved varieties released by research institutions and farmer accessions at the molecular level. DNA sample were collected from hundred and twenty-three accessions collected from thirteen regions of Burkina Faso. DNA samples were successfully genotyped using a multiplexed complex of 28 microsatellites DNA markers for 110 genotypes. The sorghum genotypes comprised of Guinea, Caudatum and Guinea-Caudatum races. Farmer varieties were defined mainly in Guinea and Guinea-Caudatum races while the improved varieties were mainly Caudatum races. The inbreeding level FIS (the inbreeding level within a given population) for each group improved, farmer varieties varied between -1 <FIS>1. This shows the autogenous nature of sorghum varieties. Breeding schemes can therefore be designed for improvement of farmer preferred varieties.Keywords: Sorghum Microsatellites, Guinea, Caudatum, Yield, Landraces
27
Seyni, Boureima, Mamane Mamadou, and Maman Nouri. "ETUDE DES REPONSES DU SORGHO A DIFFERENTES DOSES DE FERTILISANTS DANS UN CADRE DE GESTION INTEGREE DE FERTILISATION DU SOL." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12137.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum [Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food crop grown by subsistence farmers in Africa for its seeds and fodder with little or no fertilizer. Information is scarce for sorghum response to nutrient application for many production areas in west Africa. Research was conducted to determine macro and micronutrients response in an Integrated Soil Fertilizer Management (ISFM). The experiment was conducted both in farmerss field of Angoual Mata and at station in Tarna. Four N levels (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha-1) were combined with five P levels (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30) and four K levels (0, 10, 20, 30) to constitute 15 treatments. An additional treatment of N-P-K-Kieserite-Zn-B (40-22.5-20-15-2.5-0.5) was used to test the effect of micronutrient deficiency. These 16 treatments were tested in a randomized complete-block design with three replications at each site. The number of ears, the dry weight of ears, the weight of dry stem and grain yield were measured at maturity. Added N and P, increased yield and yield component but K did not influence these parameters. The combination of NPK with Kieserite-Zn-B yielded the highest number of ears (82) and ears weight (2300 g). On the station, the highest grain yield (1334 kg ha-1) was obtained with NPK with Kieserite-Zn-B.On farmerss field, the N-P-K combinations (40-30-0 40-22.5-20 40-22.5-30) and with Kieserite-Zn-B gave similar and highest grain yield. NPK supplementation with micronutrients such as kieserite, zinc and boron improves the number and the weight of the ears of sorghum in our studying area.
28
Tukhtashev, B., U. Norkulov, and B. Izbosarov. "Technology of proper use of saline soils in the conditions of Uzbekistan." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 03027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125803027.
Full textAbstract:
In the effective use of saline soils, it is advisable to plant sunflower, corn, beetroot and other crops resistant to soil salinity. At the same time, it is necessary to plant domestic and imported crops such as millet, amaranth, and African sorghum as secondary crops in these soils. These crops, even in saline soils, can contribute to the development of livestock in Uzbekistan by producing 400-500 q/ha, and even higher yields. Most importantly thousands of hectares of land that have fallen out of agricultural use will be re-introduced into the farming system. This is one of the current issues of today. In solving this problem, the resistance to salinity, yield and product quality of agricultural crops (alfalfa, sunflower, white sorghum, sorghum, beet) grown on weak, moderate and strongly saline soils are studied and scientifically substantiated. Technologies for growing these crops will be developed depending on soil and climatic conditions and salinity levels.
29
Mrema, Emmanuel, Hussein Shimelis, Mark Laing, and Learnmore Mwadzingeni. "Integrated management of Striga hermonthica and S. asiatica in sorghum: A review." January 2020, no. 14(01) 2020 (January 20, 2020): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.01.p1749.
Full textAbstract:
Potential yield of sorghum [Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench] in the semi-arid agro-ecologies of East Africa is curtailed by several biotic, abiotic and socio-economic constraints. Striga is one of the major biotic constraints that causes up to 90% yield losses in sorghum in the region. In these regions Striga hermonthica and S. asiatica, are widely distributed, and severely affecting sorghum production and productivity. Several Striga management strategies are available that can be integrated to synergistically combat the weed. The use of resistant sorghum genotypes that are compatible with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. strigae (FOS), a biocontrol agent of Striga, together with host plant resistance could promote integrated Striga management (ISM). This strategy is yet to be explored in most SSA countries where sorghum serves as a staple food crop for millions of households. This review discusses the management options available to control S. hermonthica and S. asiatica in sorghum. Breeding sorghum for Striga resistance and compatibility to FOS are highlighted as key components of integrated Striga management.
30
Witt Hmon, Khaing Pann, Tariq Shehzad, and Kazutoshi Okuno. "Variation in inflorescence architecture associated with yield components in a sorghum germplasm." Plant Genetic Resources 11, no. 3 (June 11, 2013): 258–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262113000154.
Full textAbstract:
This study was undertaken to analyse the variation in panicle-related traits of 206 sorghum accessions collected from 27 Asian and African countries. Significant differences among the accessions were observed for 18 measured traits. First, we found that the patterns of the observed panicle-related traits reflected the distribution of the accessions of different origins. Second, the distribution of several components of inflorescence architecture in sorghum accessions influenced their yield components. Principal component analysis of the data showed a wide range of variations across the 206 sorghum accessions. Despite their geographical isolation, no distinct separation between the Asian and African accessions was observed. Correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis indicated that panicle length (PanL), the total number of branches, rachis length (Rac) and panicle width had a positive direct effect on grain yield. Finally, we showed that the variation in the inflorescence architecture of sorghum accessions was dependent not only on the PanL, but also on the total number of branches, the maximum length of primary branches, Rac, panicle diameter and panicle width. Thus, there are major panicle determinants that are strongly associated with grain yield which should be considered in breeding programmes. These results will serve as a starting point for further evaluation of sorghum germplasm via quantitative trait loci analysis and may be useful for improving yield based on careful consideration of trait selection and inflorescence morphology.
31
Naz, Huma, Okbagaber Andom, Woldeselassie Ogbazghi, Asma Naz, Hadi H. Khan, and Balwan Singh. "Nitrogen and supplementary irrigation requirements of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Hamelmalo, semiarid regions of Eritrea (East Africa)." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 2, no. 02 (October 30, 2017): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2017.2.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The field experiments were conducted to determine the optimum level of nitrogen and supplementary irrigation requirement to maximize the yield of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) at Hamelmalo Agricultural College in the cropping seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experiments were laid out in split plot design with irrigation in main plot and nitrogen levels in subplots with three replications. The irrigation treatments were rainfed (I0), I0 + 50% of full irrigation (I1),I0 + 75% of full irrigation (I2) and I0 + full irrigation (I3).The Nitrogen levels were 18 kg N ha-1 (N0), 50 kg N ha-1(N1), 75 kg N ha-1 (N2) and 100 kg N ha-1(N3). Grain yield, stover yield and plant height were significantly affected by irrigation and nitrogen. Interaction effects showed highest average grain yield (6875 kg ha-1) and stover yield (10219 kg ha-1) in I3+N3 and lowest average grain yield (2115 kg ha-1) and stover yield (4885 kg ha-1) in I0+N0.75 kg N ha-1 with rainfed +75% of full irrigation gave optimum yield of sorghum at Hamelmalo.
32
Mutisya, Daniel L., Canute PM Khamala, Jacob JO Konyango, Clement K. Kamau, and Lawrence K. Matolo. "Timed Strategy for Control of Bollworm for Sustainable Sorghum Crop Yield under Varied Regimes of Rainfall, Temperature and Soil Fertility." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 4 (October 10, 2016): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n4p71.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="sar-body"><span lang="EN-US">Various environmental factors influence yield of sorghum grain, <em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L) in Sub-Sahara Africa. Various production conditions of rainfall amount, temperature regimes, soil fertility levels and bollworm <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> density at specific sorghum grain stage were evaluated for effect to sorghum grain yield. High rainfall amount, high temperature and soil fertility levels were positively correlated to sorghum grain yield at three test sites at Ithookwe, Katumani and Kampi of eastern Kenya. The warmest Kampi site achieved the highest seed viability on germination test at 43, 87 and 99% for grain stage of light-green, cream-dough and hard dough, respectively. High <em>H. armigera</em> density was inversely correlated to grain yield. Comparatively, yield loss of < 10% was observed when grain was at early soft dough and > 35% as the grain ripened to early hard dough stage. Thus initial <em>H. armigera</em> damage occurred at late soft dough stage and increased exponentially as the grain ripened to early hard dough stage. The right time to spray against <em>H. armigera</em> was determined as at soft dough stage of sorghum grain to prevent economic damage of the crop. Thus fertility level, rainfall amount and time of bollworm pest attack were deemed worth considerations towards sustainable yield of sorghum. </span></p>
33
Wenzel, W. G. "Rainfall and the prediction of sorghum yield in South Africa." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 20, no. 1 (January 2003): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2003.10634902.
Full text
34
Muturi, Phyllis W., Mary Mgonja, Patrick Rubaihayo, and James K. Mwololo. "QTL Mapping of Traits Associated with Dual Resistance to the African Stem Borer (Busseola fusca) and Spotted Stem Borer (Chilo partellus) in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)." International Journal of Genomics 2021 (January 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7016712.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an important food crop in semi-arid tropics. The crop grain yield ranges from 0.5 t/ha to 0.8 t/ha compared to potential yields of 10 t/ha. The African stem borer Busseola fusca Fuller (Noctuidae) and the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Crambidae), are among the most economically important insect pests of sorghum. The two borers can cause 15% - 80% grain yield loss in sorghum. Mapping of QTLs associated with resistance traits to the two stem borers is important towards marker-assisted breeding. The objective of this study was to map QTLs associated with resistance traits to B. fusca and C. partellus in sorghum. 243 F9:10 sorghum RILs derived from ICSV 745 (S) and PB 15520-1 (R) were selected for the study with 4,955 SNP markers. The RILs were evaluated in three sites. Data was collected on leaf feeding, deadheart, exit holes, stem tunnels, leaf toughness, seedling vigour, bloom waxiness, and leaf glossiness. ANOVA for all the traits was done using Genstat statistical software. Insect damage traits and morphological traits were correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Genetic mapping was done using JoinMap 4 software, while QTL analysis was done using PLABQTL software. A likelihood odds ratio (LOD) score of 3.0 was used to declare linkage. Joint analyses across borer species and sites revealed 4 QTLs controlling deadheart formation; 6 controlling leaf feeding damage; 5 controlling exit holes and stem tunneling damages; 2 controlling bloom waxiness, leaf glossiness, and seedling vigour; 4 conditioning trichome density; and 6 conditioning leaf toughness. Joint analyses for B. fusca and C. partellus further revealed that marker CS132-2 colocalised for leaf toughness and stem tunneling traits on QTLs 1 and 2, respectively; thus, the two traits can be improved using the same linked marker. This study recommended further studies to identify gene(s) underlying the mapped QTLs.
35
Sidibé, Daouda, Haby Sanou, Jules Bayala, and Zewge Teklehaimanot. "Yield and biomass production by African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) intercropped with planted Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) in Mali (West Africa)." Agroforestry Systems 91, no. 6 (June 11, 2016): 1031–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-016-9978-z.
Full text
36
Blum, A., G. Golan, J. Mayer, B. Sinmena, and T. Obilana. "Comparative productivity and drought response of semi-tropical hybrids and open-pollinated varieties of sorghum." Journal of Agricultural Science 118, no. 1 (February 1992): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600067976.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYWhile the relative advantage of hybrids over open-pollinated varieties has long been established for temperate sorghums in developed countries, similar information for semi-tropical sorghums used in Africa and India is relatively scant, especially under conditions of drought stress. This study compared 23 hybrids with 21 open-pollinated varieties, all developed in India and/or Southern Africa. Materials were field-tested under conditions of stored soil moisture at two levels of drought stress (dryland or one supplemental irrigation) at Bet Dagan, Israel in 1989.Irrespective of the water regime, grain yield and harvest index increased and leaf area index decreased with a shorter growth duration of the genotypes. Hybrids were earlier, had a larger leaf area index, more than double the harvest index and produced more grain compared with varieties. In spite of their longer growth duration, varieties were less water-stressed than hybrids, as judged by their midday leaf water potential, relative water content and the extent of leaf rolling. The relatively poor plant water status of the hybrids could be partly ascribed to their larger leaf area index. Hybrids produced more biomass per day than varieties under low stress while varieties produced more biomass per day than hybrids under high stress. Thus, in terms of plant water status and mean daily biomass production, varieties were more drought resistant than hybrids. However, the physiological superiority of the varieties under drought stress did not result in a higher grain yield because of their inherent relatively poor harvest index, typical of the tall and late African sorghums. The superior physiological resistance to drought stress of these varieties could be translated into a yield advantage under drought stress if their potential harvest index is improved.
37
Belayneh, Alayu Haile, Kidane Giday Gebremedhin, and Yemane G. Egziabher. "Role of Acacia seyal on Selected Soil Properties and Sorghum Growth and Yield: A Case Study of Guba Lafto District, North Wollo, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6666674.
Full textAbstract:
Acacia seyal is one of the multipurpose parkland agroforestry tree species in eastern and southern Africa. It is a common on-farm tree in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, but information is limited on its effect on soil properties and sorghum growth and yield. The study was conducted to evaluate its effect on selected soil properties and sorghum growth and yield in Guba Lafto district of northern Ethiopia. Six isolated and closely comparable Acacia seyal trees growing on sorghum farms were purposely selected, and plots were marked under the canopy of trees with three radial distances (0–2 m, 2–4 m, and 4–6 m) and one outside of the tree canopy (10 m away from any tree). Soil samples from each distance zone were taken between 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil depths for soil property analysis. Four quadrates with 1 m2 at each distance zone in four directions were laid for sorghum growth and yield attribute valuation. The results showed that only total nitrogen (TN) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05 ) at the subsoil layer under the canopy compared to an open area, while other selected soil parameters were not affected by the tree species. Sorghum biomass yield ( P = 0.006 ) and grain yield ( P = 0.025 ) were significantly lower under the canopy of the trees than in the open area. Generally, Acacia seyal had little effect in improving soil properties and showed a negative effect on sorghum yield and growth. Further research on its effect under wide area coverage of parkland system should be performed to bring a radical shift on the intercropping farming system.
38
Belayneh, Alayu Haile, Kidane Giday Gebremedhin, and Yemane G. Egziabher. "Role of Acacia seyal on Selected Soil Properties and Sorghum Growth and Yield: A Case Study of Guba Lafto District, North Wollo, Ethiopia." International Journal of Agronomy 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6666674.
Full textAbstract:
Acacia seyal is one of the multipurpose parkland agroforestry tree species in eastern and southern Africa. It is a common on-farm tree in the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, but information is limited on its effect on soil properties and sorghum growth and yield. The study was conducted to evaluate its effect on selected soil properties and sorghum growth and yield in Guba Lafto district of northern Ethiopia. Six isolated and closely comparable Acacia seyal trees growing on sorghum farms were purposely selected, and plots were marked under the canopy of trees with three radial distances (0–2 m, 2–4 m, and 4–6 m) and one outside of the tree canopy (10 m away from any tree). Soil samples from each distance zone were taken between 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil depths for soil property analysis. Four quadrates with 1 m2 at each distance zone in four directions were laid for sorghum growth and yield attribute valuation. The results showed that only total nitrogen (TN) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05 ) at the subsoil layer under the canopy compared to an open area, while other selected soil parameters were not affected by the tree species. Sorghum biomass yield ( P = 0.006 ) and grain yield ( P = 0.025 ) were significantly lower under the canopy of the trees than in the open area. Generally, Acacia seyal had little effect in improving soil properties and showed a negative effect on sorghum yield and growth. Further research on its effect under wide area coverage of parkland system should be performed to bring a radical shift on the intercropping farming system.
39
Uptmoor, R., W. G. Wenzel, A. H. Abu Assar, and G. Donaldson. "Evaluation of South African sorghum landraces and breeding of varieties suitable for low-input agriculture." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2006): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.54.2006.3.13.
Full textAbstract:
A large number of sorghum landraces possessing superior grain quality but poor yield potential are cultivated in South Africa, where sorghum is of regional importance as a main staple food. Agronomic traits of landraces and newly developed breeding lines from Southern Africa were evaluated under low-input and optimal conditions. Molecular evaluation was carried out on the basis of AFLPs and SSRs. The accessions clustered into two groups. Mean genetic similarity was estimated at 0.85 using AFLPs and 0.31 using SSRs. Genetic diversity was calculated at H=0.136 and DI=0.597 for landraces and H=0.140 and DI=0.580 for breeding varieties. The most promising accessions concerning yielding ability and grain quality were selected and introduced to a breeding programme.
40
Botiabane, Moswane Precious, L. Zhou, I. B. Oluwatayo, Fakunle Olufemi Oyedokun, and Akeem Adewale Oyelana. "Socioeconomic Analysis and Technical Efficiency among Smallholder Sorghum Farmers in GaMasemola Township of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 9, no. 6 (January 15, 2018): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v9i6.2001.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum farming group in South Africa is divided into the smallholder and business ranchers attributable to the distinctions in cultivar sizes, utility creation and production strategies. Sorghum is utilized primarily for sustenance and refreshments in Ga-Masemola (GM) town. Smallholder sorghum farmers in the town utilize some portion of their wage for recreation, goat and cows' compost are utilized as manures to enhance soil fruitfulness and increment sorghum yield, they rely upon precipitation water for the water system and they have no entrance to expansion administrations. The study distinguish and depict the socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder sorghum farmers in Ga-Masemola town; it looks at the causes of technical efficiency among smallholder sorghum ranchers in the town, and it recognizes and portrays difficulties confronted by smallholder sorghum farmers in the town. Essential information was gathered utilizing organized surveys and an example size of 48 smallholder sorghum farmers in the town was chosen. Cobb Douglas model was utilized to analyze the information or data gotten.The socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder sorghum farmers were:farming experience, age, sexual orientation, instructive level and family unit measure. The study indicates that the determinants of technical efficiency among smallholder sorghum farmers in Ga-Masemola town that were observed to be huge are the measure of land dedicated and the amount of seeds utilized. Farmers are confronting difficulties, for example, sicknesses, low capital, pests, separation to the homestead, absence of water and atmosphere (i.e. climate) changes.The study suggested and recommended that smallholder sorghum farmers in Ga-Masemola (GM) town require arable land to expand their production; they additionally require agriculture extension officers for training and spreading or disseminating information about inputs allocation. Besides, the smallholder farmers should be encouraged to utilize enhanced seeds varieties in order to expand their technical efficiency.
41
Masaka, J., J. Dera, and K. Muringaniza. "Dryland Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Yield and Yield Component Responses to Tillage and Mulch Practices Under Subtropical African Conditions." Agricultural Research 9, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00427-5.
Full text
42
SNAPP, SIEGLINDE, PAUL ROGÉ, PATRICK OKORI, REGIS CHIKOWO, BRAD PETER, and JOSEPH MESSINA. "PERENNIAL GRAINS FOR AFRICA: POSSIBILITY OR PIPEDREAM?" Experimental Agriculture 55, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 251–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479718000066.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYPerennial grain crops have been proposed as a transformative approach to agriculture. Replacing annual staple crops with perennialized growth types of the same crops could provide environmental services, improve labour efficiency and weather resilience, reduce seed costs and produce livestock fodder or fuelwood production. Yet, the technologies and science for agricultural development in Africa have focused almost exclusively on annuals. In this paper, we review the literature to explore what has been potentially overlooked, including missed opportunities as well as the disadvantages associated with perennial grains. The case studies of pigeon pea and sorghum are considered, as an analogue for perennial grain crops in Africa. We find that a substantial number of farmers persist in ‘perennializing’ pigeon pea systems through ratoon management, and that sorghum ratoons are widely practiced in some regions. In contrast, many crop scientists are not interested in perennial traits or ratoon management, citing the potential of perennials to harbour disease, and modest yield potential. Indeed, an overriding prioritization of high grain yield response to fertilizer, and not including accessory products such as fodder or soil fertility, has led to multipurpose, perennial life forms being overlooked. Agronomists are encouraged to consider a wide range of indicators of performance for a sustainable approach to agriculture, one that includes management for diversity in crop growth habits.
43
Traoré, Hamidou, Albert Barro, Djibril Yonli, Zachary Stewart, and Vara Prasad. "Water Conservation Methods and Cropping Systems for Increased Productivity and Economic Resilience in Burkina Faso." Water 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12040976.
Full textAbstract:
Resilience of smallholder farmers in their ability to bounce-back and overcome shocks, such as drought, is critical to ensure a pathway out of hunger and poverty. Efficient water conservation methods that increase rainwater capture and reduce soil erosion such as stone lines and grass bands are two technologies that have been proposed to increase the resilience in Sudano–Sahelian farming systems. In Burkina Faso, we show that stone lines, grass bands, and crop rotation are effective resilience strategies individually and in combination. During years when rainfall is well-distributed over time, differences are minimal between fields with water conservation methods and fields without. However, when there are periods of prolonged drought, water conservation methods are effective for increasing soil water, yield, revenue, and resilience. During drought conditions, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grain yield and revenue with stone lines and grass bands were over 50% greater than that of the control, by an average of 450 kg ha−1, which amounted to an increase of 58,500 West African CFA franc (CFA) ha−1 (i.e., 98 USD ha−1). The results also suggest that the combination of water conservation method and crop rotation additionally improves cropping system productivity and revenue. Growing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in rotation with sorghum production provided more options for farmers to increase their income and access to nutrition. This study also sheds light on the limited productivity gains due to improved crop varieties. The local sorghum landrace, Nongomsoba, and the local cowpea variety in rotation resulted in the highest yields as compared to the improved varieties of Sariaso 14 sorghum and KVX 396-4-4 cowpea. Under similar low input/degraded conditions, improved crop varieties likely are not a suitable resilience strategy alone. We conclude that during erratic rainy seasons with frequent periods of drought (i.e., water stress) in rain-fed conditions in Burkina Faso, stone lines or grass bands in combination with sorghum and cowpea rotation are effective practices for increasing resilience of smallholder farmers to maintain crop productivity and revenue. With future and present increases in climate variability due to climate change, stone lines, grass bands, and crop rotation will have growing importance as resilience strategies to buffer crop productivity and revenue during periods of drought.
44
Mulebeke, Robert, Geoffrey Kironchi, and Moses M. Tenywa. "Exploiting Cropping Management to Improve Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in the Drylands of Eastern Uganda." Sustainable Agriculture Research 4, no. 2 (April 2, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v4n2p57.
Full textAbstract:
<p>A remarkable challenge lies in maximizing agricultural water productivity, particularly in the drought prone regions of sub Saharan Africa. It is hypothesized that water use efficiency (WUE) can be increased by selection of appropriate cropping management systems. This study seeks to establish the effects of cropping management on water use efficiency in cassava-sorghum cropping systems in the drylands of eastern Uganda. A randomised complete block design (RCBD) consisting of six treatments: sole cassava, sole sorghum, sole cowpea, cassava + sorghum, cassava + cowpea, and sorghum + cowpea, replicated three times were used. Two tillage practices; mouldboard ploughing (Mb) and, ripping (Rp) were used to assess the effect of tillage. WUE (kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup>) was calculated as a ratio of yield (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) to evapotranspiration (ET) (mm). ET was estimated using the soil water balance. WUE varied significantly (?= 0.05) between cropping systems with the highest observed in cassava (34.38 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup>) while the lowest was 3.76 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> mm<sup>-1</sup> for sorghum. WUE did not differ appreciably in both Mb and Rp tillage practices. Farmers growing sole cassava could use either of the tillage practices. The best yield was recorded in cassava + cowpea cropping system under Mb ploughing and sole sorghum under Rp gave the poorest combined yield (1,676 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). <strong></strong></p>
45
Mwamahonje, Andekelile, John Saviour Yaw Eleblu, Kwadwo Ofori, Tileye Feyissa, Santosh Deshpande, Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira, Rajaguru Bohar, Milcah Kigoni, and Pangirayi Tongoona. "Introgression of QTLs for Drought Tolerance into Farmers’ Preferred Sorghum Varieties." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090883.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum is a major staple food crop for the people in semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia. Post-flowering drought is a global constraint of sorghum production. The study aimed to improve stay-green (STG) characteristics of farmer-preferred sorghum varieties in Tanzania using marker-assisted backcrossing. A total of 752 individuals representing five BC2F1 populations and their parents were genotyped using previously reported KASP markers linked with STG 3A and STG 3B quantitative trait loci (QTL). In the BC2F1 populations, the maximum number of individuals with heterozygous alleles were observed in S35*Pato background (37) whereas only seven individuals derived from the B35*Wahi parents’ background contained heterozygous alleles. Of the 30 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, favourable alleles were observed at 18 loci in BC2F1 populations. In the BC2F1 generation, the highest (0.127 kg/panicle) grain yield was observed in the B35*NACO Mtama 1 background population. The genotypic analysis revealed the presence of favourable alleles in homozygous conditions at markers loci associated with STG 3A and STG 3B QTLs in BC2F3 populations, suggesting successful introgression of STG QTLs from the donor parents to the recurrent parents. Across water irrigation regimes, the highest (0.068 kg/panicle) mean grain weight was observed in the genotype NA316C. Therefore, our study demonstrated the utility of marker-assisted backcrossing for drought tolerance improvement of locally adapted sorghum varieties in Africa.
46
Prom, Louis K., Ramasamy Perumal, Ndiaga Cissé, and Christopher R. Little. "Evaluation of Selected Sorghum Lines and Hybrids for Resistance to Grain Mold and Long Smut Fungi in Senegal, West Africa." Plant Health Progress 15, no. 2 (January 2014): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-13-0128.
Full textAbstract:
Grain mold in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a major problem worldwide. Damage caused by this fungal disease complex includes a reduction in yield (loss of seed mass), grain density, and germination. Long smut is another important fungal disease in sorghum and is a threat to food security in West Africa. Studies identifying potential sources of resistance for these two diseases in Senegal are limited. The objective of this research was to assess the vulnerability of selected breeding lines and hybrids from the United States to grain mold and long smut in two locations in 2009 and 2010. Four sorghum lines (Sureno, RTx2911, SC719-11E, and IS18760) and four hybrids (Sorghum Partners NK6638, Asgrow A571, AN600 × RN610, and Pioneer 83G19) exhibited low grain mold severity at both locations. The cultivars 3694 and SC748-5 and one hybrid, Novartis 2030/C, were resistant to long smut infection at both locations. Lines BTx623 and RTx430 were found to be highly susceptible to long smut, and therefore the available commercial sorghum hybrids involving these two parental lines' genetic backgrounds are likely to be vulnerable to long smut. There are no differential responses between lines and hybrids for both grain mold and long smut disease severity. None of the lines or hybrids showed resistance to both diseases. Accepted for publication 6 March 2014. Published 20 June 2014.
47
Prasad, V. B. Rajendra, Mahalingam Govindaraj, Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman, Ivica Djalovic, Anjali Shailani, Nishtha Rawat, Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek, Ashwani Pareek, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Drought and High Temperature Stress in Sorghum: Physiological, Genetic, and Molecular Insights and Breeding Approaches." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 11, 2021): 9826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22189826.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum is one of the staple crops for millions of people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The future climate in these sorghum production regions is likely to have unexpected short or long episodes of drought and/or high temperature (HT), which can cause significant yield losses. Therefore, to achieve food and nutritional security, drought and HT stress tolerance ability in sorghum must be genetically improved. Drought tolerance mechanism, stay green, and grain yield under stress has been widely studied. However, novel traits associated with drought (restricted transpiration and root architecture) need to be explored and utilized in breeding. In sorghum, knowledge on the traits associated with HT tolerance is limited. Heat shock transcription factors, dehydrins, and genes associated with hormones such as auxin, ethylene, and abscisic acid and compatible solutes are involved in drought stress modulation. In contrast, our understanding of HT tolerance at the omic level is limited and needs attention. Breeding programs have exploited limited traits with narrow genetic and genomic resources to develop drought or heat tolerant lines. Reproductive stages of sorghum are relatively more sensitive to stress compared to vegetative stages. Therefore, breeding should incorporate appropriate pre-flowering and post-flowering tolerance in a broad genetic base population and in heterotic hybrid breeding pipelines. Currently, more than 240 QTLs are reported for drought tolerance-associated traits in sorghum prospecting discovery of trait markers. Identifying traits and better understanding of physiological and genetic mechanisms and quantification of genetic variability for these traits may enhance HT tolerance. Drought and HT tolerance can be improved by better understanding mechanisms associated with tolerance and screening large germplasm collections to identify tolerant lines and incorporation of those traits into elite breeding lines. Systems approaches help in identifying the best donors of tolerance to be incorporated in the SSA and SA sorghum breeding programs. Integrated breeding with use of high-throughput precision phenomics and genomics can deliver a range of drought and HT tolerant genotypes that can improve yield and resilience of sorghum under drought and HT stresses.
48
Mohammed, S. H., and Maarouf I. Mohammed. "Effect of Abiotic Stress on Irrigated Maize Forage Yield as Compared to Sorghum." Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research 6 (April 2019): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.6.27.
Full textAbstract:
A study was conducted in Sudan (Africa) during the summer and winter seasons (2013 – 2014) at two locations: Shambat (normal soils) and Soba (salt affected soils). Nine maize (Zeamays L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) cultivars were studied under two watering regimes arranged in split plot experiment in randomized complete block design. The eight test-environments created by the combination of locations, seasons and watering regimes were used to investigate the effect of salt, water and heat stresses on forage yield and some related traits. The results showed that separate and combined stress factors significantly reduced forage yield. The greatest reduction in dry matter yield caused by one factor was shown by salt stress (29.6%) and the least reduction was caused by heat stress (3.9%). Water stress coupled with either heat or salt stress caused the greater reduction in yield (37.0%-43.3%) than the combination of the other factors. Full stress caused 53.8% yield reduction. Days to tasseling was significantly reduced by heat stress whereas water and salt stress showed no significant effect on tasseling duration. Full stress caused the greatest effect on days to tasseling. Plant height and stem diameter were significantly reduced by salt and water stress. Two hybrids kept top rank in yield through most abiotic stress levels showing resilience to unfavorable environments. All maize genotypes significantly outyielded the sorghum check under no heat stress (winter sowing) regardless the effect of salt and water stresses while the opposite is true under the heat stress (summer sowing). It was concluded that salt and water stress are the major abiotic stresses limiting forage maize production. Maize tolerate better reduction in temperature than dose sorghum while the latter tolerate better salt and water stresses than dose maize. Forage maize could be competitively grown during summer if water and salt stresses are avoided
49
Gano, Boubacar, Joseph Sékou B. Dembele, Thierry Klanvi Tovignan, Bassirou Sine, Vincent Vadez, Diaga Diouf, and Alain Audebert. "Adaptation Responses to Early Drought Stress of West Africa Sorghum Varieties." Agronomy 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11030443.
Full textAbstract:
Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop world-wide and feeds millions of people in the Sahel. However, it often faces early-stage water deficit due to false onsets of rainy seasons resulting in production decrease. Therefore, developing early drought tolerant material becomes a necessity but requires a good knowledge of adaptation mechanisms, which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed at assessing the effects of early drought stress on ten elite sorghum varieties tested over two years (2018–2019) at the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) of Bambey (Senegal, West Africa). Two different water regimes (well-watered and drought stress) were applied during the dry season. Water stress was applied by withholding irrigation 25 days after sowing for one month, followed by optimal irrigation until maturity. Soil moisture measurements were performed and allowed to follow the level of stress (down to a fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) of 0.30 at the end of stress). An agro-physio-morphological monitoring was carried out during the experiment. Results showed highly significant effects of early drought stress in sorghum plants growth by decreasing leaf appearance, biomass, height but also yield set up. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) between varieties in the different environments for most characters. Under water deficit, the variability was less strong on leaf appearance and plant height at the end of stress. The adaptation responses were related to the capacity of varieties to grow up fast and complete their cycle rather, increase the dead leaves weight, reduce photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf transpiration and increase the roots length density. However, varieties V1, V2, V8 and V9 showed promising behavior under stress and could be suitable for further application in West Africa for sorghum breeding and farming.
50
Sogoba, Bougouna, Bouba Traoré, Abdelmounaime Safia, Oumar Baba Samaké, Gilbert Dembélé, Sory Diallo, Roger Kaboré, Goze Bertin Benié, Robert B. Zougmoré, and Kalifa Goïta. "On-Farm Evaluation on Yield and Economic Performance of Cereal-Cowpea Intercropping to Support the Smallholder Farming System in the Soudano-Sahelian Zone of Mali." Agriculture 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10060214.
Full textAbstract:
Cereal-cowpea intercropping has become an integral part of the farming system in Mali. Still, information is lacking regarding integrated benefits of the whole system, including valuing of the biomass for facing the constraints of animal feedings. We used farmers’ learning networks to evaluate performance of intercropping systems of millet-cowpea and sorghum-cowpea in southern Mali. Our results showed that under intercropping, the grain yield obtained with the wilibali (short maturing duration) variety was significantly higher than the yield obtained with the sangaranka (long maturing duration) variety whether with millet (36%) or sorghum (48%), corresponding, respectively, to an economic gain of XOF (West African CFA franc) 125 282/ha and XOF 142 640/ha. While for biomass, the yield obtained with the sangaranka variety was significantly higher by 50% and 60% to that of wilibali with an economic gain of XOF 286 526/ha (with millet) and XOF 278 516/ha (with sorghum). Total gain obtained with the millet-cowpea system was significantly greater than that obtained with the sorghum-cowpea system by 14%, and this stands irrespective of the type of cowpea variety. Farmers prefer the grain for satisfying immediate food needs instead of economic gains. These results represent an indication for farmer’s decision-making regarding cowpea varieties selection especially for addressing household food security issues or feeding animals.