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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Sorghum – Zimbabwe

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Academic literature on the topic 'Sorghum – Zimbabwe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Sorghum – Zimbabwe"

1

Teetes, G. L., C. S. Manthe, G. C. Peterson, K. Leuschner, and B. B. Pendleton. "Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe." Insect Science and Its Application 16, no. 1 (March 1995): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742758400018336.

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AbstractSeedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.

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2

Gasura, Edmore, Peter S. Setimela, and Caleb M. Souta. "Evaluation of the performance of sorghum genotypes using GGE biplot." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 95, no. 6 (November 2015): 1205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps-2015-119.

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Gasura, E., Setimela, P. S. and Souta, C. M. 2015. Evaluation of the performance of sorghum genotypes using GGE biplot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1205–1214. In spite of sorghum's drought tolerance, it is largely affected by genotype×environment interaction (GE), making it difficult and expensive to select and recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the nature of GE for sorghum grain yield, to identify superior sorghum genotypes for sorghum production environments and determine ideal testing locations for future breeding activities in Zimbabwe. The grain yield of 20 sorghum genotypes from Seed Co. Pvt. Ltd. were evaluated for 2 yr (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 cropping seasons) at five locations in different agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe. Combined analyses of variance showed significant differences for genotypes (P<0.01), environments (P<0.001) and genotype×location (P<0.01). Genotype×environment variance component was seven times greater than that of genotypes. Genotype×environment interaction was attributed to the variability in the predictable biotic and abiotic factors associated with the different locations. The genotype main effect plus GE biplot showed that the experimental sorghum genotypes W07, W09, W05, G06 and OP46 were high yielding and stable, and possessed other desirable agronomic traits. The most discriminating and representative location was Rattray Arnold Research Station.

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3

Rai, K. N., D. S. Murty, D. J. Andrews, and P. J. Bramel-Cox. "Genetic enhancement of pearl millet and sorghum for the semi-arid tropics of Asia and Africa." Genome 42, no. 4 (August 1, 1999): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g99-040.

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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), ranking fifth and sixth in global cereal hectarage, respectively, are the most important coarse-grain cereals in the semi-arid tropical regions of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet displays better adaptation to and is grown in relatively more marginal environments than sorghum. Under subsistence farming conditions, both crops have low grain yields (0.5-0.7 t·ha-1 for pearl millet and 0.7-0.9 t·ha-1 for sorghum), although improved hybrid cultivars give 3-4 t·ha-1 of realizable grain yields in better-endowed environments. African germplasm, especially Zera Zera sorghums from the Sudan-Ethiopian border in eastern Africa and Iniari pearl millets from the Togo - Ghana - Benin - Burkina Faso region of western Africa, has proved most useful for the genetic improvement of these crops. The greatest impact of improved cultivars (mostly hybrids) has occurred in India, where the area under high-yielding varieties (HYVs) increased from 6% for pearl millet and 3% for sorghum in the triennium 1968-1970 to 53% for pearl millet and 54% for sorghum in the triennium 1992-1994. During the same period, productivity of both crops increased by 59%, which is attributable to both genetic improvement and management factors. HYVs have now started to be adopted in some of the African countries as well (e.g., Chad, Cameroon, Botswana, and Zimbabwe for sorghum; Chad, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe for pearl millet). The availability of vast untapped genetic resources and continuing yield gains indicate that there are good prospects for future genetic improvement in the productivity of these crops, which can be accelerated with the application of biotechnological tools. Sorghum and pearl millet will continue to be important food crops in their traditional semi-arid tropical areas. Sorghum is already an important feed crop in the developed world and pearl millet has the potential to become an even better feed crop, as it has higher protein content and a better amino acid profile than sorghum. The nutritional value of both crops for food and feed use can be further improved by breeding. Also, through genetic enhancement, there exist opportunities for the development of sorghum and pearl millet cultivars suitable for alternative uses in the bakery and beverage industries.Key words: sorghum, Sorghum bicolor, pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum, genetic enhancement, semi-arid tropics, Asia, Africa, cultivars, impact.

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4

Bock, C. H., M. J. Jeger, L. K. Mughogho, E. Mtisi, and K. F. Cardwell. "Production of conidia by Peronosclerospora sorghi on sorghum crops in Zimbabwe." Plant Pathology 47, no. 3 (June 1998): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00235.x.

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5

Chipfunde, Onismus, and Mhosisi Masocha. "Screening Non-Improved Zimbabwean Sorghum Land Races for Resistance to Witch Weed." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 20, no. 1 (December 11, 2017): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v20i1.34889.

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Sorghum is an important cereal for food security in semi-arid regions of the world (Mukarumbwa and Mushunje 2010). Semi-arid regions are characterized by frequent droughts leading to crop failure. In addition to drought, sorghum production in the smallholder farming sector in Sub-Saharan Africa can be undermined by the parasitic witch weed Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze (Stroud, 1993). S. asiatica parasitism can cause cereal yields to drop by as much as 60% hence it poses a threat to food security (Mabasa, 1993). The aim of this study is to screen sorghum landraces for S. asiatica resistance and test the escape hypothesis through a controlled in a pot experiment. A pot experiment was established on 1 March 2013 at the Henderson Research Station in Zimbabwe. It is situated in agro-ecological region II of Zimbabwe. The annual average rainfall is 864 mm. Mean annual temperature is 21 oC (Mujere and Mazvimavi, 2012). The dominant soil type is red clay loam belonging to the fersiallitic group (Wulff et al. 2002). Four sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) landraces consisting of two early maturing and two late maturing varieties were obtained from the National Genebank in Harare for this experiment. The early maturing landraces were Tsveta and Nhongoro while the late maturing landraces were Musoswe and Khaki. The biological characteristics of these landraces including days to 50% flowering is shown in Table 1.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(1): 106-108

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6

Tibugari, H., C. Chiduza, and AB Mashingaidze. "Farmer knowledge, attitude and practices on sorghum allelopathy in five sorghum producing districts of Zimbabwe." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 37, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2019.1706003.

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7

Musara, Joseph P., Lovemore Musemwa, Munyaradzi Mutenje, Abbyssinia Mushunje, and Charles Pfukwa. "Determinants of sorghum adoption and land allocation intensity in the smallholder sector of semi-arid Zimbabwe." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 17, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): e0105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2019171-13115.

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Sorghum is important for sustainability of smallholder farmers’ subsistence, social and economic livelihoods in semi-arid and arid environments of Southern Africa. However, production of the crop has been on the decline in the smallholder communities of semi-arid Zimbabwe. The study examines factors affecting smallholder farmers’ inclination towards producing sorghum and allocating differential land proportions towards the crop. The paper uses a double hurdle estimation approach with cross-sectional survey data from 380 small holder sorghum farmers in the Mid Zambezi region. Frequency of contact with relatives, duration of receiving subsidies and the number of groups to which household members belonged had a robust influence (p<0.01) on the adoption decision. Market frequency, availability of storage facilities and the number of buyers in the market significantly (p<0.01) influenced the land allocation decision. Variables influencing the two decisions are not necessarily the same showing independence in the decisions. However, information flow from networks and conditions of market platforms remain important variables in the two decisions. It is important to decentralise sorghum markets, strengthen local networks of kinships and increase the scope of inclusive and responsive formal extension delivery systems. Storage facilities can also be developed in partnership with private players to allow for sales during market windows which generates higher returns for the small holder sorghum farmers.

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8

Onyike, Nwanma B. N., and Paul E. Nelson. "FusariumSpecies Associated With Sorghum Grain From Nigeria, Lesotho, And Zimbabwe." Mycologia 84, no. 3 (May 1992): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1992.12026159.

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9

Melesse, Mequanint B., Amos Nyangira Tirra, Chris O. Ojiewo, and Michael Hauser. "Understanding Farmers’ Trait Preferences for Dual-Purpose Crops to Improve Mixed Crop–Livestock Systems in Zimbabwe." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 5678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105678.

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Competition over land between food and fodder production, along with recurrent droughts and increasing population, has put mixed crop–livestock farming systems in the drylands of sub-Saharan Africa under pressure. Dual-purpose crops hold huge potential to ease this pressure and simultaneously improve food and fodder availability in these systems. We investigated farmers’ preferences for dual-purpose maize, sorghum, and groundnut traits, and analyzed linkages of stated trait preferences with production of dual-purpose crops and adoption of improved varieties involving 645 households from two districts in Zimbabwe. The three target crops cover more than 75% of households’ cropping lands. Highly preferred stated traits of dual-purpose crops include yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. Highly appreciated feed attributes encompass stover yield and digestibility. The adoption of improved varieties is high for maize but low for sorghum and groundnut. Trait preferences are correlated with the production of dual-purpose crops and the adoption of improved varieties of the crops. However, the strengths of these correlations differ for maize, sorghum, and groundnuts. We discuss these linkages and suggest why crop improvement programs should reconcile trade-offs between grain and feed attributes to support mixed crop–livestock systems in Zimbabwe successfully.

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10

Chitindingu, K., M. A. N. Benhura, and M. Muchuweti. "Food shortage in Zimbabwe: Can wild cereal grains be an alternative source of nutrition?" JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 7, no. 2 (December 17, 2011): 1300–1307. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v7i2.2358.

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Cereals are used as staple food in most countries all over the world including Zimbabwe. Unfortunately, poor rainfall patterns have hampered the production of traditional cereals like maize and wheat leading to poverty especially in third world countries. Five wild cereal grains namely; Amaranthus hybridus, Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum, Rottiboellea cochinchinensis and Sorghum arundinaceum were studied to determine their nutritional value because of their drought tolerance. Two domesticated cereals were used for comparison. The macro nutrients determined were proteins, carbohydrates, fats and minerals. Amaranthus hybridus, a wild cereal, had the highest protein and fat content of 21.44% and 11.50% respectively, compared to all the other cereal grains. Brachiaria brizantha had the highest fibre content of 30.34% while the red variety of Sorghum bicolor had the least fibre content of 2.51%. Phosphorus was detected in all the cereal grains studied. Calcium was detected in all the cereal grains except in red variety of Sorghum bicolor. The nutritional composition of the cereal grains makes them potential alternative food sources.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sorghum – Zimbabwe"

1

Nyamudeza, Phibion. "Water and fertility management for crop production in semi-arid Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243687.

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2

Mukarumbwa, Peter. "Potential of sorghum and finger millet to enhance household food security in Zimbabwe's semi-arid regions: a case study of communal areas in Masvingo Province." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/368.

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Successive droughts, in Zimbabwe compounded by other economic shocks in recent years have resulted in decreased maize productivity amongst the communal farmers most of whom reside in regions IV and V which are considered semi-arid. This has given rise to the need to find alternative food crops, which may be suitable for these areas. Generally, research in the world indicates that sorghum and millet have the potential to end chronic food insecurity in semi-arid areas because of their drought tolerance. Whilst this might be the case, research, government policy and assistance from non-governmental organizations on food crop production in Zimbabwe have shown a continual inclination to maize production in semi-arid areas. However, maize is regarded as a high risk crop in these regions. The main objective of the study was to investigate major factors affecting smallholder farmers in semi-arid areas, from increased production of small grains, specifically sorghum and finger millet. The study was conducted in two rural districts of Masvingo and Gutu, which lie in natural region IV in Masvingo Province. The questionnaire was used as the main tool of inquiry to gather data from households in selected villages within these districts. Questionnaires were administered through face-to-face interviews. The total sample size was 120. The logistic regression model was used to analyze data. The results revealed that, at the 5% level, labour, cattle ownership, farm size, age, extension, yields and access to credit significantly influence sorghum and finger millet production. These findings suggest that an adjustment in each one of the significant variables can significantly influence the probability of participation in small grain production. In view of these research findings, a policy shift that encourages increased production of finger millet and sorghum in Zimbabwe‟s semi-arid regions is proposed. It is suggested that this may increase household food security in these regions.

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3

Woods, Jeremy. "Integrating sweet sorghum and sugarcane for bioenergy: modelling the potential for electricity and ethanol production in SE Zimbabwe." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434720.

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4

Mupunga, Innocent. "A comparative study of natural contamination with aflatoxins and fumonisins in selected food commodities from Botswana and Zimbabwe." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13339.

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Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. Aflatoxins and fumonisins are among the most toxic mycotoxins. They are a significant risk factor for a cocktail of chronic health conditions including cancer of the liver, oesophagus and kidney, teratogenicity, neural tube defects, interference with lipid metabolism, a weakened immune system and a negative impact on micronutrient absorption in both man and animals. This study compared natural contamination of peanuts, peanut butter and sorghum from Gaborone, Botswana and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe with aflatoxins and fumonisins. In total 34 peanut samples, 34 sorghum samples and 11 peanut butter samples were collected randomly from retail shops and informal markets in the two cities. Fungal contamination was determined using standard mycology methods. Aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination was determined using HPLC-FLD. A. flavus/parasiticus species were detected in 66% and 100% of randomly analysed peanut samples from Bulawayo and Gaborone respectively and 27% (3/11) of peanut butter samples from Bulawayo. 67% of randomly analysed sorghum samples from Bulawayo showed A. flavus/parasiticus and Fusarium species contamination while none of the randomly analysed sorghum samples from Gaborone showed any fungal contamination. Furthermore aflatoxins were not detected in any of the sorghum samples; however 61% (11/18) of the Bulawayo sorghum samples showed fumonisin contamination (Range: 8 – 187 ng/g). Three of the peanut samples from Bulawayo were contaminated with aflatoxins (range: 6.6 – 622 ng/g) and no aflatoxins were detected in Gaborone peanuts. All 11 peanut butter samples from Bulawayo were contaminated with aflatoxins (Mean: 73.5 ng/g, Range: 6.8-250 ng/g) and AFB1 was the most prevalent. These preliminary results indicate that peanut butter and peanuts from Bulawayo are contaminated with high levels of aflatoxins. Stricter policing of regulations should be implemented to ensure compliance by manufacturers and public health interventions implemented in vulnerable communities.
Life & Consumer Sciences
M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

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Books on the topic "Sorghum – Zimbabwe"

1

Hedden-Dunkhorst, Betina. The contribution of sorghum and millet versus maize to food-security in semi-arid Zimbabwe. Kiel: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 1993.

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2

International Workshop on Policy, Practice, and Potential Relating to Uses of Sorghum and Millets (1988 Bulawayo, Zimbabwe). Uses of sorghum and millets: Summary proceedings of an International Workshop on Policy, Practice, and Potential Relating to Uses of Sorghum and Millets held at Bulawayo, Zimbabwe 8-12 February 1988. Patancheru, A.P: ICRISAT, 1988.

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3

SADCC Regional Workshop Sorghum and Millet Improvement. Proceedings of the First SADCC Regional Workshop Sorghum and Millet Improvement: Harare, Zimbabwe, October 23-26, 1984. Bulawayo: SADCC/ICRISAT Matapos Research Station, 1985.

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4

Rao, S. Appa. A catalogue of passport and characterization data of sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet germplasm from Zimbabwe. Rome: International Board for Plant Genetics Resources, 1987.

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5

Sorghum and pearl millet food technology in SADC countries: Proceedings of a regional workshop : 29-30 Jan. 1996, Harare, Zimbabwe. Bulawayo, Zimbabwe: ICRISAT Southern and Eastern Africa Region, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, 1996.

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6

Buckwheat, Millet The, Canary Seed The Buckwheat Millet, and Grain Sorghum Research Group. The 2000 Import and Export Market for Buckwheat, Millet, Canary Seed, and Grain Sorghum in Zimbabwe (World Trade Report). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Sorghum – Zimbabwe"

1

Mosley, Paul. "Policy and Capital Market Constraints to the African Green Revolution: A Study of Maize and Sorghum Yields in Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe, 1960–91." In From Adjustment to Development in Africa, 248–72. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23596-4_12.

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2

Musevenzi, Julius. "Externally-Fostered Sorghum and Millets Production in Semi-Arid Regions of Zimbabwe." In Community Resilience under the Impact of Urbanisation and Climate Change, 201–20. Langaa RPCIG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvgc61mv.12.

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