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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sorites'
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1
Needle, Justin Johann Hans-Hermann. "Ruling out the sorites: vagueness, rules, Wittgenstein." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558707.
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Elias, Frank. "On the epistemic solution to the sorites paradox." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0026/MQ32099.pdf.
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Oms, Sardans Sergi. "On Common Solutions to the Liar and the Sorites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399925.
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In this dissertation I examine some of the most relevant proposals of common solutions to the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes. In order to do that, I present first a definition of what a paradox is so that, with this at hand, I can characterize in detail what should we expect from a common solution to a given collection of paradoxes. Next, I look into the reasons we might have to endorse a common solution to a group of paradoxes and some consequences are drawn with respect to Vann McGee's and Graham Priest's proposals to cope with both the Liar and the Sorites paradoxes, In the next chapters, three authors are examined in some detail. First, Jamie Tappenden's account is judged inappropriate, specially in the case of the Liar paradox. With respect to the Sorites, it is showed to be at least as problematic as Supervaluational approaches. Second, Paul Horwich's epistemicist proposal is examined with a special focus on the treatment of the Liar paradox. Horwich's account about how to construct his theory of truth is formalized and critically discussed with the use of a fixed-point construction. In the last chapter, I introduce and discuss some logics based on the work of Hartry Field that use two conditionals in a language with a truth predicate and vague predicates.En aquesta tesi examino algunes de les propostes mes importants de solució comuna a les paradoxes del Mentider i la Sorites. Per tal de fer-ho, introdueixo, primer, una definició de la noció de paradoxa i, amb ella, caracteritzo en detall que cal esperar d'una solució comuna a un grup de paradoxes. A continuació, considero quines són les raons que podem tenir per tal d'adoptar una solució comuna a una col·lecció de paradoxes i extrec algunes conclusions respecte les propostes de Vann McGee i Graham Priest per fer front al Mentider i la Sorites. En els tres capítols següents, examino tres autors en detall. Primer, rebutjo la proposta de Jamie Tappenden per inapropiada, especialment en el cas del Mentider. Pel que fa a la Sorites, mostro que la teoria que Tappenden defensa es, al menys, tan problemàtica com les propostes superavaluacionistes. En segon lloc, examino la teoria epistemicista de Paul Horwich, amb especial atenció a la seva aplicació al mentider. A traves d'una construcció de punt fixe, formalitzo i discuteixo críticament la proposta de Horwich sabre com construir la seva teoria de la veritat. En l'últim capítol, introdueixo i discuteixo algunes lògiques, basades en les propostes de Hartry Field, que usen dos condicionals en llenguatges amb un predicat de veritat i predicats vagues.
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Petrillo, Paulo Roberto. "Raciocinio difuso via logicas moduladas : uma solução ao paradoxo do Sorites." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281574.
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Orientador: Walter CarnielliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T13:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Petrillo_PauloRoberto_M.pdf: 550562 bytes, checksum: d5d0281add1414a180c8c5dcbb88d8de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Este trabalho estuda o conceito de vaguidade, analisando suas principais características e criticando a viabilidade do uso da Lógica Difusa a predicados vagos, mostrando diversos pontos discutíveis desta abordagem. Na tentativa de propor então uma lógica apropriada para tratar dos conceitos vagos, estuda-se as Lógicas Moduladas e conclui-se que estas se prestam bastante bem para expressar conceitos qualitativamente vagos. Através de quantificadores modulados aplicados a relações de pré-ordem propõe-se uma forma de definir predicados vagos que permitam uma nova abordagem a dilemas como o Paradoxo do Sorites. Mostra-se assim como o dilema sorítico se dissolve quando interpretado à luz das Lógicas Moduladas, e ao mesmo tempo sugere-se uma fundamentação alternativa, puramente qualitativa, aos predicados difusos
Abstract: This work studies the concept of vagueness, analyzing their main characteristics and criticizing the viability of Fuzzy Logic to express vague predicates. Vle conclude by showing several debatable points on this use of Fuzzy Logic. Looking for an appropriate logic to express vagueness we study the Modulated Logics, and conclude that they are better suited than Fuzzy Logic to express vague reasoning in the form of what we call qualitative vagueness. Through modulated quantifiers applied to restrict partial order relations we propose a new way to define vague predicates which allows us to approach the Sorites Paradox from a new point of view. We show how Sorites Paradox can be solved when interpreted by modulated logics, and offering an alternative, purely qualitative, foundation to vague predicates
Mestrado
Logica
Mestre em Filosofia
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Agler, David Wells. "Vagueness and Its Boundaries: A Peircean Theory of Vagueness." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2101.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2010.Title from screen (viewed on February 26, 2010). Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Cornelis de Waal, André De Tienne, Nathan R. Houser. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-114).
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Daly, Helen. "Vagueness and Borderline Cases." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145428.
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Vagueness is ubiquitous in natural language. It seems incompatible with classical, bivalent logic, which tells us that every statement is either true or false, and none is vaguely true. Yet we do manage to reason using vague natural language. In fact, the majority of our day-to-day reasoning involves vague terms and concepts. There is a puzzle here: how do we perform this remarkable feat of reasoning? I argue that vagueness is a kind of semantic indecision. In short, that means we cannot say exactly who is bald and who is not because we have never decided the precise meaning of the word 'bald'--there are some borderline cases in the middle, which might be bald or might not. That is a popular general strategy for addressing vagueness. Those who use it, however, do not often say what they mean by 'borderline case'. It is most frequently used in a loose way to refer to in-between items: those people who are neither clearly bald nor clearly not bald. But under that loose description, the notion of borderline cases is ambiguous, and some of its possible meanings create serious problems for semantic theories of vagueness.Here, I clarify the notion of a borderline case, so that borderline cases can be used profitably as a key element in a successful theory of vagueness. After carefully developing my account of borderline cases, I demonstrate its usefulness by proposing a theory of vagueness based upon it. My theory, vagueness as permission, explains how classical logic can be used to model even vague natural language.
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Zardini, Elia. "Living on the slippery slope : the nature, sources and logic of vagueness." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/508.
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Martin, Makenna May. "Microbial Associations of Four Species of Algal Symbiont-Bearing Foraminifera from the Florida Reef Tract, USA." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7337.
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Marine microbiome research is a rapidly expanding field of study, as scientists investigate the functions of microbial associations in eukaryotic organisms. Foraminifera are among the most abundant shelled organisms in the oceans, yet little is known of their associated microbiomes. This study investigated microbes associated with four species of Foraminifera that host three kinds of algal endosymbionts. The Order Miliolida, Family Soritidae, was represented by three species: Archaias angulatus and Cyclorbiculina compressa, which both host chlorophyte symbionts, and Sorites orbiculus, which hosts dinoflagellate symbionts. The fourth species, Amphistegina gibbosa, belongs to the Order Rotaliida and hosts diatom endosymbionts. Bacterial DNA extraction was attempted from 5−8 specimens per species followed by amplification and amplicon sequencing of the V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Three Ar. angulatus specimens shared 177 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), and six C. compressa specimens shared 58 OTUs, of which 31 OTUs were found in all specimens of both species. Four S. orbiculus specimens shared 717 OTUs dominated by Proteobacteria, notably Amoebophilaceae. The three soritid species shared 26 OTUs, predominantly representing the bacterial families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Since S. orbiculus shared 84% of the OTUs shared by Ar. angulatus and C. compressa, which host similar endosymbionts, phylogenetic relatedness of host taxa clearly had more influence on core microbiomes than the algal-symbiont taxon. The microbiomes of three normal-appearing and five partly-bleached specimens of Am. gibbosa varied widely, sharing only six OTUs, four of which represented Proteobacteria. All four species shared only four OTUs, three of which may have been contaminants. As the first known microbiome study to include western Atlantic/Caribbean benthic foraminifers that host algal endosymbionts, the results for Am. gibbosa revealed quite similar results to a recent study of the microbiome of Am. lobifera, a closely related Indo-Pacific taxon.
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Bacon, Andrew Jonathan. "Indeterminacy : an investigation into the Soritical and semantical paradoxes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b4490a8c-0089-4c77-8d24-1ab1ca5baaf0.
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According to orthodoxy the study of the Soritical and semantical paradoxes belongs to the domain of the philosophy of language. To solve these paradoxes we need to investigate the nature of words like `heap' and `true.' In this thesis I criticise linguistic explanations of the state of ignorance we find ourselves in when confronted with indeterminate cases and develop a classical non-linguistic theory of indeterminacy in its stead. The view places the study of vagueness and indeterminacy squarely in epistemological terms, situating it within a theory of rational propositional attitudes. The resulting view is applied to a number of problems in the philosophy of vagueness and the semantic paradoxes.
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Åkerman, Jonas. "Extensions in Flux : An Essay on Vagueness and Context Sensitivity." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Filosofiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-30080.
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The extensions of vague predicates like ‘is bald’, ‘is tall’, and ‘is a heap’ apparently lack sharp boundaries, and this makes such predicates susceptible to soritical reasoning, i.e. reasoning that leads to some version of the notorious sorites paradox. This essay is concerned with a certain kind of theory of vagueness, according to which the symptoms and puzzles of vagueness should be accounted for in terms of a particular species of context sensitivity exhibited by vague expressions. The basic idea is that the extensions of vague predicates vary with certain contextual factors, and that this fact can explain why they appear to lack sharp boundaries. This kind of view is referred to as contextualism about vagueness. A detailed characterisation of contextualism about vagueness is given in chapter two and three. In chapter two, a generic version of contextualism about vagueness is developed, and some alternative forms of context sensitivity are introduced. In chapter three, the specific contextual factors appealed to by different contextualists are discussed. In chapter four, different contextualist diagnoses of the sorites paradox are considered, and found to be problematic in various ways. It is argued that contrary to what some of its proponents have claimed, contextualism about vagueness is not superior to other comparable theories of vagueness when it comes to explaining the appeal of soritical reasoning. In chapter five, a certain version of the sorites paradox, known as the forced march sorites, is discussed. It is argued that “data” about how speakers would behave in the forced march cannot lend any firm support to contextualism about vagueness. In chapter six, some problems concerning the instability of the contextual factors are considered. One problem is that contextualist diagnoses of the sorites which locate a fallacy of equivocation in the reasoning seem to render non-soritical reasoning fallacious as well. A model for treating this problem is suggested, but on closer consideration, it turns out to be problematic. Moreover, this model is of no help in solving the more general problem that even if classical logic remains valid for vague language on some contextualist views, the instability of the extensions of vague predicates makes it difficult to know when a certain piece of reasoning instantiates a valid argument form. Other difficulties arise with respect to speech reports and belief contents. Chapter seven concludes with a summary and some methodological remarks.
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Mårtensson, Veronica, and Olle Norberg. "Effekter av entreprenöriell utbildning : Med SORIS som utgångspunkt, deltagares upplevelser och utvecklingsmöjligheter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-41035.
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Syftet med denna studie är att bidra genom en transformativ studie kring hur entreprenörskapsutbildning kan utvecklas och formas. Med utgångspunkt i hur SORIS entreprenöriella utbildning upplevdes och hur den kan utvecklas. SORIS är ett projekt vilket handlar om att pröva hur sociala verksamheters samarbete kan skapa och leverera fler och bättre sociala tjänster. Där vi har koppling till tre av dess delprojekt vilka är SNI, Gottfrids Lada och Växjö Ung Kompetens. Att integrera entreprenörskap i högskolundervisning kan hamna på kollisionskurs med sådan undervisningsmetod som ligger närmre rådande samhällstrend. Organisatoriskt kan den entreprenöriella och dialogiska skolan beskrivas vara raka motsatsen till den monologiska högskolekultur som betonar dels strikt ämnesindelning och yttre kontroll. Med vår studie vill vi komma runt denna problematik. Vidare bygger vår studie på ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt. Via deltagare i SORIS vill vi belysa upplevelser som varit i samband med detta projekt. För att få tillgång till deltagarnas tankar, åsikter hade vi med dem intervjuer, samt fick vi tillgång till studenters reflektioner via PM som var en del av deras undervisningsinnehåll. Där av framkom material som är empiriskt för studien. De teorier vi behandlar i förhållande till empirisk data bygger på vad författare beskriver i litteratur som böcker och tidigare studier samt artiklar. Gruppen Gottfrids Lada menade att det var en toppenupplevelse att få göra något praktiskt. Att vara ute och intervjua företag och träffa inspirerande människor. Likaså när deltagare gjorde event på stan så tyckte de det var ett kul initiativ att marknadsföra deras företag. En annan sak som deltagare i Växjö Ung Kompetens uppskattat av entreprenöriella projekt som detta är nya kontakter och att stärkta band inom gruppen skapats. Att det finns många positiva följdeffekter av entreprenöriella projekt. Studenter har kommit i kontakt med organisationer som de inte ens visste fanns innan. Att plantera ett möjlighetstänk är av väldigt stort värde, vilket projektet gett. Trots vissa frustrationer i processen såg studenter efter projektet med distans på allt som hänt. De menade på att detta är ett bra projekt, som ger riktig erfarenhet vilket är något att sätta på CV:et. När rätt personer hamnar på rätt plats och förstår potentialen i deras möjligheter kan mycket hända under ett sådant här projekt. Att ett företag skulle startas av studenterna var ett exempel på att mycket mer än vad som förväntas kan hända.
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Encina, Villa Amir. "Implementación de un circuito ecoturístico y su influencia en la conciencia ambiental de los alumnos de tercero de secundaria del Colegio Nacional Alfredo Tejada, Soritor, Moyobamba -2015." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8850.
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Determina la influencia del circuito ecoturístico en la conciencia ambiental de los alumnos del tercer grado de secundaria del Colegio Nacional Alfredo Tejada, Soritor, Moyobamba 2015. Se plantea en la presente investigación una hipótesis general, la cual menciona que el circuito ecoturístico influye significativamente en la conciencia ambiental de los alumnos del tercer grado de secundaria del Colegio Nacional Alfredo Tejada, Soritor, Moyobamba 2015. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cuasi experimental con pre test y post test, además de un grupo control y otro experimental. La muestra estuvo conformada por 52 alumnos, de un universo total de 188 alumnos, distribuidos en 6 secciones, de ambos sexos (mujeres y varones), así como de dos secciones, donde un salón fue elegido como grupo control, mientras que el otro como grupo experimental. Así mismo, los instrumentos utilizados para el recojo de información, fueron las encuestas, además de las pruebas de pre test y post test, los que fueron aplicados a los instrumentos, antes mencionados. Se concluye que el circuito ecoturístico sí influye significativamente en la conciencia ambiental de los alumnos. La principal recomendación va dirigido a los educadores, principalmente, como artífices del gran cambio social y medio ambiental, debido a que ellos son los principales entes transmisores de conocimientos medio ambientales, lo que permitiría generar ciudadanos más preocupados por su entorno, es decir, con conciencia ambiental.
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Villacrez, Reyna Ledgard Antonio. "Programa educativo “Cuidando el agua” y su influencia en el fortalecimiento de la conciencia ambiental de estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Nº 00499 Alfonso Merina Silva, distrito de Soritor." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/5526.
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Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEstudia la influencia del programa educativo “Cuidando el agua” sobre el fortalecimiento de la conciencia ambiental de estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Nº 00499 Alfonso Merina Silva, distrito Soritor. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo transversal, pre experimental, con un solo grupo pre test y post test. La muestra consta de 26 estudiantes del sexto grado de primaria.
Tesis
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Ludeña, Marín Wilson Roberto. "Influencia de los laboratorios ambientales en el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los estudiantes de cuarto año de educación secundaria de la Institución Educativa Alfredo Tejada, del distrito de Soritor, Moyobamba, 2015." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8932.
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Da a conocer la influencia de los laboratorios ambientales en el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los alumnos de cuarto año de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Alfredo Tejada, del distrito de Soritor, Moyobamba, 2015. La hipótesis general planteada es que el uso de los laboratorios ambientales sí influye significativamente en el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los estudiantes. El diseño de la investigación es de tipo cuasi experimental con pre test-post y grupo control y grupo experimental. La muestra está conformada por 59 estudiantes de dos secciones, donde una es elegida como grupo control y la otra como grupo experimental, además forman parte de una población de 204 estudiantes. Los instrumentos que se aplican son una encuesta y la prueba de pre test-post test. La principal conclusión indica la existencia de la influencia de los laboratorios ambientales en el desarrollo de la conciencia ambiental de los estudiantes. En la principal recomendación se señala organizar talleres, que motiven el respeto, cuidado y conservación del entorno natural, así mismo se debe emplear el trabajo grupal para lograr un mejor desenvolvimiento sobre las distintas actividades ecológicas.
Tesis
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Urquía, Rojas Inéz. "Proyecto de promoción de talleres de manualidades con Urena Lobata y su influencia en las actitudes ambientales de los estudiantes del 5to grado de primaria de la I.E. Nº 00533 “José Gálvez” del distrito de Soritor, 2015." Master's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/8866.
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Demuestra la influencia del proyecto de promoción de talleres de manualidades con Urena Lobata en el desarrollo de las actitudes ambientales, se realiza el trabajo con los estudiantes del 5to grado de primaria de la I.E. Nº 00533 “José Gálvez” del distrito de Soritor. El presente estudio es del tipo cuasi experimental, se cuenta con la participación de un total de 41 alumnos de ambos géneros del 5to grado de la mencionada institución, quienes conforman el grupo de control y experimental. Los instrumentos empleados para obtener la información es un cuestionario para el docente y fichas de observación para la evaluación de la ejecución del taller. Para recoger los datos de la variable actitudes ambientales se emplearon pruebas de entrada (pre-test) y de salida (post-test) aplicados a cada grupo formado para el estudio. Después de analizar los datos, se verifica la existencia de la influencia del taller de manualidades con el yute en las actitudes ambientales desarrolladas para este grupo de alumnos en cada una de los tres componentes considerados afectivo, cognitivo y conductual, sin excepción. Esto ha sido corroborado mediante un procedimiento estadístico, afirmando las hipótesis de la investigación. En base a los resultados obtenidos, se recomienda la implementación de talleres que involucren actividades que acerquen a los estudiantes a la problemática medioambiental y generen cambios positivos en sus actitudes para con su entorno.
Tesis
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Hung, Tzu-Wei. "Williamson on Vagueness and Sorites Paradox." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0707200416394400.
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Hung, Tzu-Wei, and 洪子偉. "Williamson on Vagueness and Sorites Paradox." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30662834169311292787.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
哲學研究所
92
The aim of this thesis is to defend epistemicist theory of vagueness. In the first chapter, I shall analyze the genesis of vagueness and the problems that arise from borderline cases. I will also briefly introduce various approaches toward vagueness; these approaches include Williamson’s epistemicism, Hajek’s degree theory/fuzzy logic, Keefe’s supervaluationalism, and Unger’s nihilism. Next I will thoroughly examine Keefe’s (2000) supervaluationalism and argue that her attempt to apply van Fraassen’s supervaluations on empty name to vague expression is illegitimate. Moreover, her attempt to eliminate semantic vagueness simply misses the point. In the third chapter, I will focus on defending the epistemic view. I will also consider Schiffer’s (1999) and Keefe’s (2000) criticisms of Williamson’s strategy of explaining our ignorance and Mott’s (1998) accusation that the margin for error principle makes iteration of knowledge impossible. In addition, I will try to dispel challenges recently put forth by Dorr (2003), who suggests substituting unassertability with ignorance, and Ray (2004), who attempts to show that epistemicism is self-defeating through his three-way undermining. Last but not least, I will conclude that the epistemic view is the most promising theory of vagueness so far.
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Kukla, Kevin J. "An anti-bivalentist solution to the sorites paradox." 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1354128541&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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"Raciocinio difuso via logicas moduladas : uma solução ao paradoxo do Sorites." Tese, Biblioteca Digital da Unicamp, 2005. http://libdigi.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000383369.
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Snyder, Eric Paul. "Boundaries and prudence why you don't care about the Sorites Paradox /." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/snyder%5Feric%5Fp%5F200908%5Fma.
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Esteves, Marta Ferreira. "Vagueza e categorização: como uma lógica de valores de verdade contínuos pode resolver o paradoxo de sorites." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/48912.
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O objectivo desta tese é o de apresentar uma explicação do problema da vagueza
que esteja fundada na sua interpretação como um fenómeno da linguagem natural.
Esta interpretação tem como sua base formal a lógica de valores de verdade
contínuos de Lukasiewicsz, assentando portanto numa teoria de graus. Pretendemos
então explicar, mais do que resolver, o carácter paradoxal do argumento
de sorites, apelando a características que consideramos serem fundamentais aos
termos vagos: nomeadamente, a sua gradualidade.
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Bronner, William Edward. "Insignificant differences : the paradox of the heap." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1836.
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This study investigates six theoretical approaches offered as solutions to the paradox of the heap (sorites paradox), a logic puzzle dating back to the ancient Greek philosopher Eubulides. Those considered are: Incoherence Theory, Epistemic Theory, Supervaluation Theory, Many-Valued Logic, Fuzzy Logic, and Non-Classical Semantics. After critically examining all of these, it is concluded that none of the attempts to explain the sorites are fully adequate, and the paradox remains unresolved.Philosophy
M.A. (Philosophy)
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Girard, Claire. "Logique du vague : survol des principales théories." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22171.
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