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Journal articles on the topic 'Sorption'
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Choi, Jiyeon, Ardie Septian, and Won Sik Shin. "The Influence of Salinity on the Removal of Ni and Zn by Sorption onto Iron Oxide- and Manganese Oxide-Coated Sand." Sustainability 12, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 5815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12145815.
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The influence of salinity on the single and binary sorption of Ni and Zn onto iron oxide- and manganese oxide-coated sand (IOCS and MOCS) was investigated at pH = 5. The single sorption experimental data were fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Sips models, and a nonlinear sorption isotherm was observed (NF = 0.309–0.567). The higher Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (ABET) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of MOCS contributed to the higher maximum sorption capacities (qmL) of Ni and Zn than that of IOCS. The Ni sorption capacities in the single sorption were higher than that in the binary sorption, while the Zn sorption capacities in the single sorption were less than that in the binary sorption. The single and binary sorptions onto both IOCS and MOCS were affected by the salinity, as indicated by the decrease in sorption capacities. Satisfactory predictions were shown by the binary sorption model fitting including P-factor, ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST)–Freundlich, IAST–Langmuir, and IAST–Sips; among these, the P-factor model showed the best fitting results in predicting the influence of salinity of Ni and Zn in the binary sorption system onto IOCS and MOCS. IOCS and MOCS offer a sustainable reactive media in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) for removing Ni and Zn in the presence of salinity.
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Zemanová, V., L. Trakal, P. Ochecová, J. Száková, and D. Pavlíková. "A model experiment: competitive sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by three different soils." Soil and Water Research 9, No. 3 (August 6, 2014): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/50/2013-swr.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the competitive and individual sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn on three natural soils: a Gleyic Fluvisol (content of Cd 30, Cu 25, Pb 2297 and Zn 3718 mg/kg), a Gleyic Cambisol (content of Cd 5, Cu 29, Pb 1158 and Zn 180 mg/kg) and a Chernozem (content of Cd 0.4, Cu 36, Pb 75 and Zn 67 mg/kg). For evaluation of the sorption and desorption, the Freundlich isotherms were used. The results of the model experiment confirmed that the sorption from single-metal solution was more effective than sorption under multi-metal conditions, due to competitive effects. In all tested soils sorption of Cd, Cu and Zn decreased with the rate of other competitive metals; the Pb sorption was not affected by other competitive metals in solutions. Moreover, during multi-metal sorption, Zn was significantly desorbed in Cambisol. In general, sorptions of Cu, Pb and Zn were greater in uncontaminated soil compared to contaminated soils. Clear trend of impact of the contamination on Cd sorption was not observed. The results showed the sorption decreasing in order Chernozem > Fluvisol > Cambisol. The sorption was the greatest in uncontaminated soil with low mobility of studied metals.
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Huang, Yuxiang, Ru Liu, Fandan Meng, Yanglun Yu, and Wenji Yu. "The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Static and Dynamic Sorptive Behavior of Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)." Advances in Polymer Technology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4949786.
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The influence of heat treatment on moisture sorption behavior of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), especially under dynamic sorption conditions, was investigated. Moso bamboo was heated to 180 and 200°C for 8 h to investigate the chemical components and sorptive behavior at sinusoidal relative humidity (RH) and constant humidity. The results of chemical components revealed that the content of holocellulose,α-cellulose, and hemicellulose decreased while that of lignin increased slightly with increasing treatment temperatures. The results of static adsorption at constant RH showed that 200°C treated bamboo exhibited the lowest moisture content and moisture sorption coefficient. The results of dynamic sorptive behavior indicated that the moisture content changed sinusoidally but lagged behind the triggering sinusoidal RH changes. Heat-treated bamboo presented greater phase lag and smaller amplitudes of moisture content and sorption hysteresis due to the hemicellulose removal.
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Xing, Baoshan. "Sorption of anthropogenic organic compounds by soil organic matter: a mechanistic consideration." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 81, no. 3 (August 1, 2001): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s00-067.
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Sorption experiments with apolar organic compounds (naphthalene and 1,2-dichorobenzene) were conducted to evaluate sorption mechanisms in soil organic matter (SOM). All isotherms were nonlinear and competition between solutes was observed. Nonlinearity and competition increased in an order of peat humic acid (HA) < peat < peat humin. Isotherms of Al-saturated HA (Al-HA) were more nonlinear than untreated HA and Ca-HA, and sorption/desorption hysteresis occurred only in Al-HA. These results are not consistent with partitioning theory or the presence of high-surface-area carbonaceous materials (HSACM) in soil. But the results are consistent with dual-mode sorption, where SOM is postulated to have both condensed (rigid) and expanded (flexible) domains, and adsorption takes place only in the condensed domains and partitioning in both domains. These non-ideal sorptive behaviors need to be incorporated into predictive models to more accurately describe the fate and transport of organics in soil and subsurface environments. Key words: sorption, organic compounds, organic matter, dual-mode, partition, mechanisms
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Liu, Yan Ping, Hua Bin Xu, and Yi Bing Deng. "Effect of Concentration on Electrospinning Oil Sorptive Fiber." Advanced Materials Research 160-162 (November 2010): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1611.
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Electrospinning is a convenient method used in the preparation of ultrafine oil sorptive fibers based on Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), Electrospun fiber diameter, varying in large from micrometer to nanometer, mainly depends upon the solution concentration, which has great influence on this function fiber’s sorption ability. The non-linear relation between mean fiber diameter (d) and solution concentration (C) was investigated and it follows a simple scaling law in the form . This relationship can be used to predict the target fiber diameter and guide the processing technique. The effects of various C on oil sorption ability were investigated in a batch-sorption technique. A comparison of the kinetic models, showed that the removal rate fit the first order kinetic model well, which suggested the sorption process is rapid, can reach equilibrium within a short time.
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Xing, B., W. B. McGill, and M. J. Dudas. "SHORT COMMUNICATION: Sorption of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene by collagen compared with non-protein organic sorbents." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 74, no. 4 (November 1, 1994): 465–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss94-061.
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Our previous work has demonstrated a relationship between polarity index and organic carbon referenced partition coefficients (Koc) of organic chemicals. Here we compare sorption of benzene, toluene, or o-xylene by protein with non-protein organic sorbents. Koc for benzene, toluene, or o-xylene sorption by collagen was much higher than by lignins, humic acid, chitin, or cellulose. Sorption of benzene, toluene, or o-xylene was not only influenced by organic sorbent polarity and functionality (e.g., aromaticity), but also by additional properties which we inferred related to physical conformation of the organic sorbents. In this respect, collagen exhibits unique sorptive behavior toward removal of nonpolar organic chemicals in the aqueous phase, which was not shared by humic acids of similar C, O or N content. Key words: Sorption, collagen, lignin, polarity, hydrophobic domains
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Gavranović-Glamoč, Alma, Muhamed Ajanović, Samra Korać, Selma Zukić, Sanela Strujić-Porović, Alma Kamber-Ćesir, Lejla Kazazić, and Emir Berhamović. "Evaluation of the water sorption of luting cements in different solutions." Acta Medica Academica 46, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.197.
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<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate and compare the water sorption of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens - 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The water sorptions of the cements were calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. <strong>Results. </strong>Nonparametric statistic methods were applied. GC Fuji Plus cement showed significantly higher values of water sorption in all three solutions of both resin cements (p<0.009) and significantly higher values of sorption in artificial saliva pH 3.0. Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of water sorption compared with Variolink II in artificial saliva pH 7.4, and higher values of sorption in this solution compared with pH value 3.0. <strong>Con- clusion. </strong>Water sorption values are mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of solutions.</p></div>
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Lake, Craig B., Ghazal Arefi, and Pak K. Yuet. "Examining fly ash as a sorbent for benzene, trichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene in cement-treated soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 50, no. 4 (April 2013): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2012-0198.
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The objective of this study was to examine the potential for beneficial reuse of fly ash as a sorbent for benzene, trichloroethylene, and ethylbenzene in soils treated with cement (i.e., cement-based solidification/stabilization (S/S)). Batch testing was performed with soil–cement mixtures containing fly ash and compared with similar samples with humic acid as a source of organic carbon. The experimental batch test results were fit to the Freundlich sorption model assuming both linear and nonlinear behavior. It was found that the level of sorption is low for benzene and trichloroethylene, but relatively higher for ethylbenzene. Cement addition appeared to not only decrease sorption values obtained for fly ash, but also eliminate the nonlinear sorptive behavior, likely due to the blocking–coating of sorption sites. To demonstrate the practical application of the sorption observed, a hypothetical contaminated site is modeled with a one-dimensional contaminant transport program. It iss shown that the addition of fly ash can potentially reduce off-site migration of trichloroethylene (TCE), but is more effective at reducing ethylbenzene migration, for the time frames considered in the modeling.
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Ceglarska-Stefańska, Grażyna, and Katarzyna Zarębska. "Expansion and Contraction of Variable Rank Coals during the Exchange Sorption of CO2 and CH4." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 1 (February 2002): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702760120926.
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The influence of the physical and chemical properties and the composition of the sorbed gas on the sorption capacity of hard coal must be taken into account in an analysis of such coals as specific collectors of mine gases. The analysis presented was based on a comparison of the results of sorption and expansion studies of single gases (CO2 and CH4) and their mixtures on two hard coals (Vdaf: 40.87% and 22.32%). The work presented was undertaken in an attempt to determine the influence of the sorptive deformation of the coals, caused by the pre-sorption of CO2, on the variation of their external dimensions during CH4 sorption and vice versa, and during sorption of a mixture of these gases. In addition, it was anticipated that the work could answer the question as to which of these gases would enrich the desorbed gas. Knowledge of these effects should facilitate further exploration of the relationship between the properties of a hard coal and methane evolution to establish those factors that enhance the rate and effectiveness of the process.
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Schneckenburger, Tatjana, and Sören Thiele-Bruhn. "Sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives in peat soil is affected by prehydration status: the role of SOM and sorbate properties." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 10 (June 23, 2020): 3644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02695-z.
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Abstract Purpose Sorption of organic compounds to soil largely determines their mobility and bioavailability in ecosystems. It is well known that molecular properties of the organic sorbates affect the sorbed amounts and sorption kinetics. But also changes in the hydration status of soils alter the physicochemical and sorptive properties of soil organic matter (SOM), which is the main sorbent for organic compounds in soils. This study elucidates the effects of varying SOM prehydration status on sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives in peat soil. Materials and methods For sorption experiments, topsoil samples of a peat soil with 51% SOM were adjusted to water contents of 15, 30, and 50% (w/w based on dry soil mass) and conditioned for different water contact times of up to 2 years at one constant water content. Sorption kinetics and isotherms of naphthalene, three naphthalene derivatives, phenanthrene, and pyrene to these samples were investigated in batch experiments. Effects of the sorbates’ properties and SOM hydration on sorption were analyzed. Results and discussion Sorption to the peat soil was nonlinear and varied among sorbates and differently prehydrated soil samples. Sorbate polarizability, molecular volume, and weight increased the sorbed amount. Sorption kinetics were two-phased with a fast and a slow sorbing fraction. Hydroxyl groups in sorbates acting as H-donor or acceptor led to an increase of the slow sorbing fraction. Increasing total water contents, amounts of non-freezable water in SOM, increasing pore sizes, and decreasing hydrophobicity of SOM decreased the total sorbed amount and the fast sorbing fraction while increasing the slow sorbing fraction. The latter effects increased with increasing polarity and dipole moment of the sorbate. The SOM matrix rigidity varied with prehydration status; higher SOM matrix rigidity led to non-ideal sorption processes, namely, higher sorption nonlinearity and slower sorption. Conclusions The study revealed the effects and interplay of SOM prehydration status and molecular properties of the sorbates on sorption of PAHs and PAH derivatives. As sorbed amounts may decrease and become non-ideal upon aging at the presence of water, estimations of the mobility of organic compounds in the environment need to consider SOM prehydration status in high organic soils.
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Smirnova, N. N., Yu A. Fedotov, and I. A. Nebukina. "Sorptive and Separation Properties of Ultrafiltration Membranes on the Basis of Sulfonate-Containing Polyamide with Respect to Bovine Serum Albumin." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2012): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj140.
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<p>Investigation of sorption of bovine serum albumin in the static mode and in ultrafiltration conditions by membranes produced from statistic copolymers of aromatic polyamides synthesized by polycondensation of the sodium salt of 4, 4/-diaminodiphenylamine-2-sulfo-acid and m-phenylenediamine in various ratios with chloroanhydride of isophthalic acid has been carried out. Interconnection has been established between the charge of protein macromolecules, concentration of fragments containing ionic groups in the aromatic polyamide and sorptive, separation and transport characteristics of membranes on its basis. It has been shown that dominant forces that determine membrane/protein interaction in the systems under consideration are coulomb forces, but the contribution of hydrophobic interactions is also significant. The results of mathematical processing of experimental data indicate that there is a good compliance of sorption isotherms with Langmuir’s model. Depending on the concentration of fragments containing ionic groups in the polyamide and pH of the solution, the calculated values of maximum sorption in sorbent/sorbate systems under consideration vary in the range of 0.028 to 0.338 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>. Dynamic investigations have shown that selectivity of the membranes is 85 to 98%. To assess the sorptive activity of the membranes in the course of ultrafiltration, indicators of sorption and sorptive losses calculated on the basis of the ratio of the change of mass content of protein in the process of filtration to the initial value have been used. Depending on the material used to produce the membrane and pH of the solution being filtered, sorptive losses range from 5 to 33%. Their minimum value is observed when pH is higher than the isoelectric point of the protein, i.e. in the field where protein macromolecules and the surface of the membrane have like charges.</p>
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Jong, E. de. "Comparison of three methods of measuring surface area of soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s98-069.
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Surface area (SA) is an important property of soils, but different methods can give widely different estimates of SA, and of the contribution of organic matter to SA. This study was undertaken to compare two common methods of measuring SA (EGME [ethylene glycol monoethyl ether] and N2 sorption) with SA estimates using H2O sorption on selected Saskatchewan soils; some soils from Kenya were included to show the impact of clay mineralogy. For the Saskatchewan soils, the three estimates of SA were highly correlated to each other and to clay content, but SA EGME was 2 to 3 times SA H2O and 7 to 52 times SA N2. Organic matter did not appear to contribute to SA EGME, increased SA H2O and decreased SA N2. Clearly the three methods differ in their access to internal and external surface area and this should affect their utility as indices of the sorptive capacity of field soils. Key words: Surface area, EGME, N2 sorption, water sorption
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M. Amin, Aumeed Noori. "Sorption Isotherm Phenomena in Cured Oriented Tobacco II. Sorption Isotherm Criteria." Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani - Part A 2, no. 1 (May 1, 1999): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17656/jzs.10024.
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Fedoroff, Michel, G. Lefevre, M. Duc, S. K. Milonjić, and C. Nešković. "Sorption Mechanisms and Sorption Models." Materials Science Forum 453-454 (May 2004): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.453-454.305.
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Lodins, Edmunds, Inga Pudze, Ineta Rozenstrauha, and Linda Krage. "Use of Industrial Waste and Raw Materials in Iron Sorption." Key Engineering Materials 721 (December 2016): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.721.154.
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This work focuses on pellets made by Latvian industrial waste (waste cullet glass, sewage sludge, metallurgical slag and alumina scrap metal processing waste and raw mineral materials (limeless clay) to gain high porosity and water sorptiom. Iron sorption using ceramic pellets is explored more detailed. Physical-chemical properties and microstructure were researched to obtain a deeper understanding of how these qualities affect water purification from iron compounds. Three pellets with different properties were made in this paper : B5, A5 and E1. Composition B5 indicates highest iron sorption rate at sintering temperature 1100 °C and shows considerable iron reduction in a solution after one week.
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Suteu, Daniela, Carmen Zaharia, and Teodor Malutan. "Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of Basic Blue 9 dye sorption on agro-industrial lignocellulosic materials." Open Chemistry 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 1913–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-012-0122-2.
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AbstractThe sorptive potential of some lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes (sunflower seed shells and corn cob) for Basic Blue 9 cationic dye removal from aqueous solutions was examined using the batch technique. The Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used in order to determine the quantitative parameters of sorption. The Langmuir isotherm model indicated a maximum sorption capacity for these materials in the range of 40–50 mg dye per g (25°C), slightly higher for corn cob than for sunflower seed shells. The values of the thermodynamic parameters showed that the retention of cationic dye is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The application of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order intraparticle diffusion models, and a Boyd — Reichenberg model for kinetic data interpretation suggested that sorption of Basic Blue 9 dye onto the studied materials is a process where both surface sorption and intraparticle diffusion contributed to the rate-limiting step. These lignocellulosic wastes can be used with good efficiency for dye removal from aqueous effluents.
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Paliulis, Dainius. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF KINETICS OF HEAVY METAL SORPTION FROM POLLUTED WATER." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636873.
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Water protection is one of the most important priorities of environmental protection. It is necessary to reduce pollution of wastewater in order to reduce pollution of drinking‐water and water pools. One of the most dangerous wastewater pollutants are heavy metals (HM). They have a negative influence on people and aquatic water systems. The paper analyses possibilities of the sorption method application for heavy metal elimination from waste‐water. Experimental investigation of HM sorption from water and numerical modeling usage possibilities for prognosis of the HM sorption kinetic process was carried out as well as experimental study of HM elimination efficiency dependence on sorption time of HM from wastewater, when using sorbents. Two pseudo kinetic models, i e the pseudo first‐ and second‐order models, were developed on the basis of experimental investigation. These models were applied in numerical modeling in the computer program PHOENICS. The results of the computer program PHOENICS and those of experimental investigation describing HM sorption from water were compared. After comparing the two pseudo models, it is determined that the pseudo second‐order model suits better for HM sorpti.
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Chiang, Che Ming, Kun Chih Huang, Ching Chang Lee, and Cheng Chen Chen. "Establish Sorptive Test System and Validation of the Reduction Indoor HCHO Concentrations by Building Material in Taiwan." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1435.
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With the countries in the world gradually emphasize that the well-controlled of indoor air quality (IAQ) and indoor environment health (IEH) would reduce the hazards of human health. This study response the international community has been launched sorptive building materials, such as standards ISO, JIS, etc in recent years, and based on ISO 16000-23 through the small-scale chamber equipment system to develop and establish “sorptive building material test system, SBMTS”, National Performance Laboratory Center in Taiwan. In accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP) to validation of the test system and provided for sorption test by three building materials. The results was verified SBMTS to conform concentrations of HCHO recovery more than 80% by repeatedly sampling and the system was meet the stability through the instrument monitoring display, which could to provide the relevant performance validation and testing for SBM. This study according results with sorption test of select foreign and domestic by building materials, and the performance calculation include the sorption flux, Fm and the equivalent ventilation rate, Fv, eq by SBM, which could provide to reference of the national standards.
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Bahmanova, Fidan Nariman, Sevinc Rafik Hajiyeva, and Famil Musa Chyragov. "thorium(IV), sorbent, sorption, desorption, clay." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University 2021, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/1812-9498-2021-2-64-70.
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The article considers the danger of thorium due to its radioactive toxicity. There has been proved the diversity of thorium compounds and the influence of thorium on a human body and the environment. A polymer chelating sorbent containing fragments of 4-amino - thiouracil has been investigated. An isotherm of thorium sorption with the sorbent is constructed and the optimal concentration conditions are determined: pH = 4; = 6 • 10–3 mol/l; Vob = 25 ml; msorb = 0.03 g; sorptive capacity (CE) = 1 163 mg/g. The degree of extraction of thorium(IV) ions under optimal conditions exceeds 95%. The developed technique was applied to extract thorium from clay. Studying sorption was carried out under static conditions using special equipment.
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Keane, Angela, and Subhasis Ghoshal. "Acid Hydrolysis Lignin as a Sorbent for Naphthalene." Water Quality Research Journal 36, no. 4 (November 1, 2001): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.038.
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Abstract Lignin, a major polymeric constituent of woody plant tissue, is an abundant source of natural organic matter available as a waste product from the pulp and paper and the fuel ethanol industries. In this study, the sorptive capacity of acid hydrolysis lignin for naphthalene, a representative nonpolar hydrophobic organic compound (HOC), was investigated. When powdered lignin is mixed with distilled water, dissolved and/or colloidal organic matter leaches into the aqueous phase imparting a cloudy yellowish colour. A washing and filtering protocol was developed for pretreating the lignin employed in the sorption studies. Results from batch sorption experiments showed that acid hydrolysis lignin has a strong affinity for naphthalene. The Freundlich isotherm coefficients obtained indicate that the sorption isotherm for naphthalene on hydrolysis lignin is nearly linear. A modified Freundlich equation was employed in order to compare sorption data for HOCs on lignin and activated carbon through the use of unit equivalent coefficients. The results presented in this research and in the literature suggest that the two sorbents are comparable in terms of sorption coefficients. It was determined that acid hydrolysis lignin is unsuitable for use in a packed bed since pumping a naphthalene solution through a column packed with lignin caused the wet lignin to become significantly hardened over time, resulting in a large pressure drop across the system.
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Sych, N. V., L. I. Kotyns'ka, M. M. Tsyba, and V. M. Vikarchuk. "Cholesterol sorption on carbon sorption materials." Himia, Fizika ta Tehnologia Poverhni 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/hftp12.03.168.
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As an alternative to means for lowering total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the paper considers the possibility of using carbon adsorbents. From a medical point of view, the removal of cholesterol with enterosorbents is extremely effective. By binding cholesterol, sorbents reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The paper searches for new raw material sources and attempts to create enterosorbents with a high capability to adsorb cholesterol. The aim of the work was to develop adsorbents from spent coffee residue with a large proportion of mesopores, to determine the parameters of the porous structure and to study their adsorption capacity against cholesterol. Samples of activated carbon with a large proportion of mesopores (399 and 465 m2/g) were obtained by the traditional method of carbonization-activation of spent coffee grounds and pre-treated hexane to remove fatty acids. The sorption of cholesterol from alcohol solutions has been studied by spectrophotometric method and its effectiveness for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis was proved. It has been shown that a sample of activated carbon from spent coffee residue pre-treated with hexane (maximum value reaches 7.5 mg/g) has the best sorption capacity. The intermediate position is occupied by the sample obtained without pre-treatment with solvent (maximum value reaches 6.3 mg/g). Natural Brand carbon has the weakest sorption characteristics (maximum capacity reaches 5.3 mg/g). It can be stated that the adsorption of cholesterol increases with the growth of the specific surface area of mesopores. The parameters of adsorption processes were calculated using the obtained sorption isotherms. Adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. It is shown that the values of the maximum adsorption calculated by the Langmuir equation have a good agreement with the experimental data.
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Palekar, M. G., and R. A. Rajadhyaksha. "Sorption in zeolites—III. Binary sorption." Chemical Engineering Science 41, no. 3 (1986): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(86)87028-2.
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Duisterwinkel, A. E., and J. J. G. M. van Bokhoven. "Water sorption measured by sorption calorimetry." Thermochimica Acta 256, no. 1 (May 1995): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(94)02223-b.
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Chefetz, B., T. Ilani, E. Schulz, and J. Chorover. "Wastewater dissolved organic matter: characteristics and sorptive capabilities." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 7 (March 1, 2006): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.207.
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An evaluation of the mobility of organic pollutants with wastewater dissolved organic matter (DOM) is essential to better understanding their fate and toxicity to the environment. In this study, DOM from two wastewater treatment plants (in Lachish and Netanya, Israel) were fractionated to hydrophobic-acid (HoA) and hydrophobic-neutral (HoN) fractions. The fractions were characterised and their sorptive capabilities for s-triazine herbicides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. For all sorbates, binding to the HoN fractions was much higher than to HoA fractions. The high binding coefficients obtained for the studied triazines by the HoN fractions suggested that their sorption is governed by hydrophobic-like interactions rather than H-bonding. The binding coefficients of PAHs measured for the HoN fractions were within the range reported for humic acids and much higher than for the HoA fraction, suggesting that the HoN fraction plays an important role in the overall sorption of these compounds by DOM. Higher sorption coefficients were measured for the Netanya DOM sample containing a higher level of hydrophobic fractions (HoA + HoN) than the Lachish DOM, suggesting that the sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds by DOM is governed by the relative content of these structural substances.
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ΜΑΡΓΑΡΙΤΗΣ, Ι. "Contribution of mineralogical sedimentological and geochemical characteristics of deltaic deposits in the 137Cs sediment concetration." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17168.
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This parer provides a review of the factors governing 137Cs sorption in sediments. We have specially focused in the correlation between sorption and the sedimentological mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the sediments. Literature conclusions in experimental as well as field studies on 137Cs sorption is that 137Cs is strongly correlated with the < 20μηι fraction of the sediment as well as illite content. Other clay minerals such as smectite, kaolinite and chlorite sorb 137Cs in a lesser degree. Furthermore organic material and Fe-Mn hydroxides, act like sorptive surfaces. Our data on 137Cs activity variation based on field studies from deltaic deposits (Arachthos delta, Amvrakikos gulf, Greece)is also discussed. The results of this studies confirm the above mentioned, since 137Cs activity is strongly correlated with the clay fraction and the illite content,while a lesser correlation is indicated for total organic carbon Fe and Mn content of the sediments.
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Snyder, Morgan, Lucy Hunley, Jordan Stanberry, Ilana Szlamkowicz, Brandon Jones, and Vasileios Anagnostopoulos. "A Preliminary Sorption Study of Uranium on MnO2 (Pyrolusite) in the Presence of Siderophore Desferrioxamine B—The Mechanism of a Ternary System." Water 15, no. 18 (September 12, 2023): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15183241.
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Manganese oxides have influential sorptive properties to efficiently sequester metals, such as uranium. Sorption can become complicated by metal chelating siderophores, which create a ternary system that is capable of multiple feasible mechanisms. This study analyzes the sorption behavior of desferrioxamine B (DFOB) and desferrioxamine D (DFOD) onto pyrolusite, β-MnO2, in the presence of U(VI) at pHs 6 and 8. The electrostatic adsorption performance is shown to have a 23% difference between the DFOB and DFOD surface sorption at pH 6. Inner-sphere coordination was identified through hydrolysis products of succinate and acetate. Together, these behaviors indicate a ternary complex system where both metals and ligands interact with the surface. Therefore, uranium in the environment can be attenuated by the conditions of a complex configuration involving multiple species and functional groups. This mechanism needs to be considered for any future modeling or strategies involving radionuclide remediation.
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Gaus, Garri, Anton Kalmykov, Bernhard M. Krooss, and Reinhard Fink. "Experimental Investigation of the Dependence of Accessible Porosity and Methane Sorption Capacity of Carbonaceous Shales on Particle Size." Geofluids 2020 (February 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2382153.
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Crushing and grinding of carbonaceous shale samples is likely to enhance the accessibility of pores and embedded organic matter as compared to the intact rock. This may lead to an overestimation of the total (volume and sorptive) gas storage capacity. In order to investigate the importance of these effects we have measured unconfined apparent grain densities (helium pycnometry) and methane sorption capacities (high-pressure methane excess sorption) of four carbonaceous shales (Cambro-Ordovician Alum Shale, Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay, Jurassic/Cretaceous Bazhenov Shale, and Late Cretaceous Eagle Ford Shale) as a function of particle size. Measurements were first conducted on 38 mm diameter core plugs, which then were crushed and milled to successively smaller particle sizes (<10 mm, <2 mm, <64 μm, and <1 μm). Apparent grain densities of the smallest particle fractions of the Alum, Bazhenov and Kimmeridge samples were consistently higher by 0.5 to 1% than apparent grain densities of the original sample plugs. Methane excess sorption capacity increased significantly for particle sizes <64 μm for the Alum and <1 μm for the Bazhenov and Kimmeridge samples while no significant changes upon grinding were observed for the Eagle Ford Shale. For the Bazhenov Shale, the apparent grain density increased slightly from 2.446 g/cm3 to 2.450 g/cm3 upon particle size reduction from <64 μm to <1 μm while the maximum sorption capacity (“Langmuir volume”) increased substantially from 0.11 mmol/g to 0.19 mmol/g. Similarly, for the Kimmeridge Clay and Alum Shale, a slight increase of the apparent grain density from 1.546 g/cm3 to 1.552 g/cm3 and from 2.362 g/cm3 to 2.385 g/cm3, respectively, was accompanied by increases in sorption capacity from 0.37 mmol/g to 0.45 mmol/g and from 0.14 mmol/g to 0.185 mmol/g, respectively. The increase in sorption capacity indicates an opening of a considerable amount of micropores with large internal surface area upon physical disruption of the rock fabric and/or removal of included fluids. It may also be due to increased swelling abilities of clay minerals and organic matter upon destruction of the stabilizing rock fabric with decreasing particle size. Grain density and sorption isotherms measured on small particle sizes are likely to overestimate the gas storage capacities and the amounts of producible gas-in-place since under field conditions (largely undisrupted rock fabric), significant portions of this storage capacity are essentially inaccessible. Poor interconnectivity of the pore system and slow, diffusion-controlled transport will massively retard gas production. Based on these findings, particle sizes >64 μm should be used for porosity and sorption measurements because they are more likely to retain the properties of the rock fabric in terms of accessible pore volume and sorptive storage capacity.
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Murugan, M., and E. Subramanian. "Studies on defluoridation of water by Tamarind seed, an unconventional biosorbent." Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.0029.
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Tamarind seed, a household waste from the kitchen is used for the sorptive removal of fluoride from synthetic aqueous solution as well as from field water samples. Batch sorptive defluoridation was conducted under variable experimental conditions such as pH, agitation time, initial fluoride concentration, particle size and sorbent dose. Maximum defluoridation was achieved at pH 7.0. Defluoridation capacity decreases with increase in temperature and particle size. Further, defluoridation follows first order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Desorption was carried out with 0.1 N HCl and is 90 per cent. The surface and sorption characteristics were analysed using FTIR and SEM techniques. All these results indicate the involvement of energetic forces such as coulombic interaction in sorption. For domestic and industrial applications, defluoridation with 100% achievement and subsequent regeneration of adsorbent was performed with a household water filter and fixed bed column respectively.
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Grosser, Robert J., Michael Friedrich, David M. Ward, and William P. Inskeep. "Effect of Model Sorptive Phases on Phenanthrene Biodegradation: Different Enrichment Conditions Influence Bioavailability and Selection of Phenanthrene-Degrading Isolates." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 2695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.7.2695-2702.2000.
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ABSTRACT The sorption of organic contaminants by natural organic matter (NOM) often limits substrate bioavailability and is an important factor affecting microbial degradation rates in soils and sediments. We hypothesized that reduced substrate bioavailability might influence which microbial assemblages are responsible for contaminant degradation under enrichment culture conditions. Our primary goal was to characterize enrichments in which different model organic solid phases were used to establish a range of phenanthrene bioavailabilities for soil microorganisms. Phenanthrene sorption coefficients (expressed as log KD values) ranged from 3.0 liters kg−1 for Amberlite carboxylic acid cation-exchange resin (AMB) to 3.5 liters kg−1 for Biobeads polyacrylic resin (SM7) and 4.2 liters kg−1 for Biobeads divinyl benzene resin (SM2). Enrichment cultures were established for control (no sorptive phase), sand, AMB, SM7, and SM2 treatments by using two contaminated soils (from Dover, Ohio, and Libby, Mont.) as the initial inocula. The effects of sorption by model phases on the degradation of phenanthrene were evaluated for numerous transfers in order to obtain stable microbial assemblages representative of sorptive and nonsorptive enrichment cultures and to eliminate the effects of the NOM present in the initial inoculum. Phenanthrene degradation rates were similar for each soil inoculum and ranged from 4 to 5 μmol day−1 for control and sand treatments to approximately 0.4 μmol day−1 in the presence of the SM7 sorptive phase. The rates of phenanthrene degradation in the highly sorptive SM2 enrichment culture were insignificant; consequently, stable microbial populations could not be obtained. Bacterial isolates obtained from serial dilutions of enrichment culture samples exhibited significant differences in rates of phenanthrene degradation performed in the presence of SM7, suggesting that enrichments performed in the presence of a sorptive phase selected for different microbial assemblages than control treatments containing solid phase phenanthrene.
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Cvetkovic, Vladimir, and Gedeon Dagan. "Transport of kinetically sorbing solute by steady random velocity in heterogeneous porous formations." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 265 (April 25, 1994): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112094000807.
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A Lagrangian framework is used for analysing reactive solute transport by a steady random velocity field, which is associated with flow through a heterogeneous porous formation. The reaction considered is kinetically controlled sorption–desorption. Transport is quantified by the expected values of spatial and temporal moments that are derived as functions of the non-reactive moments and a distribution function which characterizes sorption kinetics. Thus the results of this study generalize the previously obtained results for transport of non-reactive solutes in heterogeneous formations (Dagan 1984; Dagan et al. 1992). The results are illustrated for first-order linear sorption reactions. The general effect of sorption is to retard the solute movement. For short time, the transport process coincides with a non-reactive case, whereas for large time sorption is in equilibrium and solute is simply retarded by a factor R = 1+Kd, where Kd is the partitioning coefficient. Within these limits, the interaction between the heterogeniety and kinetics yields characteristic nonlinearities in the first three spatial moments. Asymmetry in the spatial solute distribution is a typical kinetic effect. Critical parameters that control sorptive transport asymptotically are the ratio εr between a typical reaction length and the longitudinal effective (non-reactive) dispersivity, and Kd. The asymptotic effective dispersivity for equilibrium conditions is derived as a function of parameters εr and Kd. A qualitative agreement with field data is illustrated for the zero- and first-order spatial moments.
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Bereksi, Zoubida Senouci, and Houcine Benaïssa. "Effects of Some Operating Parameters on Sorption and Desorption Kinetics Related to Spotted Golden Thistle Stalks and Methylene Blue; Isotherm Study at Optimal pH and Sorbent Regeneration." Progress in Reaction Kinetics and Mechanism 43, no. 2 (June 2018): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/146867818x15233705894365.
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In this work, the sorptive removal assessment of methylene blue by spotted golden thistle stalks was enhanced. Sorption was positively impacted by increasing temperature, initial pH or ionic strength. The sorbent isoelectrical point is 2.6 according to zeta potential measurements. The Elovich and Avrami models best fitted the sorption kinetic data; and an original prediction of equilibrium time is proposed. At 25 °C and for optimal initial pH = 7, the experimental maximal sorption capacity is 75 mg g−1. The Langmuir, Redlich–Peterson, Sips and Tóth models led to good correlations of isothermal data. Desorption percentages are important in both mineral and organic acidic media; the highest levels up to 91% were recorded for 1 × 10−2 M HCl solutions. The pseudo second-order model fitted satisfactorily the desorption kinetics. An innovative concept of regeneration is proposed, which promises significant savings of eluent and operating time. The sorbent regeneration assessment showed constant uptake abilities after five cycles of use.
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Nowicki, Piotr, Wiktor Szymanowski, and Robert Pietrzak. "Textural, surface, thermal and sorption properties of the functionalized activated carbons and carbon nanotubes." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2015-0078.
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Abstract Two series of functionalised carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared by means of oxidation and nitrogenation of commercially available activated carbon and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The effect of nitrogen and oxygen incorporation on the textural, surface, thermal and sorption properties of the adsorbents prepared was tested. The materials were characterized by elemental analysis, low-temperature nitrogen sorption, thermogravimetric study and determination of the surface oxygen groups content. Sorptive properties of the materials obtained were characterized by the adsorption of methylene and alkali blue 6B as well as copper(II) ions. The final products were nitrogen- and oxygen-enriched mesoporous adsorbents of medium-developed surface area, showing highly diverse N and O-heteroatom contents and acidic-basic character of the surface. The results obtained in our study have proved that through a suitable choice of the modification procedure of commercial adsorbents it is possible to produce materials with high sorption capacity towards organic dyes as well as copper(II) ions.
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Seo, G. T., S. Ohgaki, and Y. Suzuki. "Sorption characteristics of biological powdered activated carbon in BPAC-MF (biological powdered activated carbon-microfiltration) system for refractory organic removal." Water Science and Technology 35, no. 7 (April 1, 1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0273.
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The sorption characteristic of biological powdered activated carbon (BPAC) were investigated in a hybrid membrane process which was accomplished by introducing powdered activated carbon (PAC) into a crossflow microfiltration system and seeding microorganisms. This combined process was designated BPAC-MF and could be an alternative system for reclamation of secondary sewage effluent. Experiments were carried out to identify the ability of BPAC to remove various dissolved refractory organic matter in secondary sewage effluents such as peptone, beef extract, lauryl sulfate, humic acid, tannin, lignin and gum arabic. Adsorption test by fresh powdered activated carbon (PAC) showed significantly different adsorption characteristics for each organic substance. These adsorption characteristics were identified by the analysis of gel permeable chromatography (GPC). The sorptive capacity of BPAC was almost four times higher than that of fresh PAC. This phenomenon could be explained from the sorption capacity of PAC and BPAC for each substance. For the hardly adsorbable refractory organics, humic acid and gum arabic, the sorption capacity of bPAC was 12.1 and 8.7 mg/g respectively. These values are significantly high compared with 3.6 and 0.2 mg/g obtained by PAC. It was estimated that the enhanced sorption capacity of BPAC was due to the stimulation of activated carbon adsorption by biological effect.
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Majchrzak-Kucęba, Izabela, and Marcelina Sołtysik. "The potential of biocarbon as CO2 adsorbent in VPSA unit." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 142, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09858-7.
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Abstract The best solution to the main environmental problem seems to be CO2 capture to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The activated carbons derived from biomass have attracted extensive attention as solid adsorbent for carbon dioxide capture process. In this work, we focus on examining the properties of biochar (non-activated porous carbon) produced from biomass. Physicochemical properties of the biochar were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption–desorption at 77 K. In order to evaluate the possibility of using biocarbons for CO2 adsorption in large-scale VPSA units, investigations of these adsorbents in laboratory are necessary. The paper present the potential of biochar for CO2 capture in VPSA unit. The examination of the CO2 sorptive capability, stability and regeneration performance of biochar was carried out using a Mettler-Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e thermobalance and TG-Vacuum system. The sorption of CO2 was carried out isothermally in a flow of a mixture of gasses: CO2 (100 vol.%) and CO2 (16 vol.%)/N2 (84 vol.%). The commercial biochar showed a sorption performance for CO2 up to 26.4 mg CO2 g−1 adsorbent at 30 °C and 30 bar. Repeated use of the adsorbent in the sorption/desorption cycle did not affect its performance, which indicates high sorption stability.
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Gontar, I. P., Oiga Ivanovna Emelyanova, O. A. Rusanova, I. A. Zborovskay, and N. I. Emelyanov. "TECHNIQUES OF MODIFYING LIPID ANTIGENS FOR SYNTHESIS OF DIAGNOSTIC AND THERPAEUTIC PREPARATIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-10-603-606.
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The objective of the study is to enhance sorption capacity of diagnostic agents by using cardiolipin antigens for antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A technique of emulsion polimerization was used. Having integrated antigen nanoobjects we developed immobilized magnetocontrollable antigen nanosystems and put them to an evaluation test. The nanosystems are polyacrylamide granules with a built in antigen. To obtain stable immobilized multi-use biopharmaceuticals with targeted properties (shape, particle diameter, pore size, density) we used a modified version of emulsion polymerization method using polyacrylamide carrier gel. This method permitted a greater sorptive capacity, preserving the antigen in maximum native state, and opened up the possibility of controllable modification of nanoobjects. Cardiolipin was used as the antigen in question. Following the method described above we performed sorption of anticardiolipin antibodies from blood plasma of SLE patients who showed clinical presentations of antiphospholipid syndrome. All SLE patoents with signs of antiphospholipid syndrome showed reliably higher levels of cardiolipin antibodies compared with SLE patients without antiphospholipid syndrome signs; the antibody level was 0.365 ± 0.026 and 0.075 ± 0.003 on average, correspondingly (p < 0.001). Blood serum from 10 apparently healthy individuals served as control. The level of cardiolipin antibodies was determined before and after sorption by indirect solid phase immunoenzyme method. In the eluate we estimated total protein by Lowry method. In vitro testing showed that the obtained antigen nanosystems based on immobilized cardiolipin could effectively remove cardiolipin antibodies from whole blood of SLE patients with clinical presentations of APS to achieve the values of healthy individuals (before sorption cardiolipin antibodies 0.328 ± 0.0289; after sorption 0.059 ± 0.0170; p<0,001; sorption capacity 8.00 ± 0.390 mg/ml). The method of emulsion polymerization with consideration to hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of lipid molecules permits obtaining and modifying biomolecules with certain properties, in a controlled fashion.
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Ree, M., H. Han, and C. C. Gryte. "Water sorption in thin films of high-temperature polyimides: the effect of imidization history." High Performance Polymers 6, no. 4 (August 1994): 321–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-0083/6/4/003.
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PMDA-ODA and BPDA-PDA polyimides in 10-50 Atrn thick films were prepared from the respective poly(amic acid) precursor by thermal imidization for 1-10 h at various temperatures over 230-400C. Their water sorption behaviours were studied in detail by gravimetry. Water sorption in both PMDA-ODA and BPDA-PDA followed a nearly Fickian process in spite of the morphological heterogeneity due to the ordered and less ordered phases. Water clustering or plasticization was very weakly evident on the water uptake versus humidity plots. Water sorption in both polyimides was highly dependent upon imidization history. Both diffusion coefficient and water uptake are decreasing functions of imidization temperature and time. This resulted mainly from the enhancement of overall crystallinity by high-temperature imidization because of their high-rT nature. The diffusion coefficient and water uptake were (1.0-3.0) x 10-9 cm2 s-1 and 0.4-4.5 wt% for PMDA-ODA and (0.9-3.0)x 10-cm2s-' and 0. I2-2.40wt%, depending on humidity,/iihidization history and film thickness. The differences between the water sorptions of the p'olyimides are interpreted by considering the differences in their morphologies and chemical affinities to water.
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Rusanova, O., O. Emelyanova, and N. Emelyanov. "AB0078 LIPID IMMOBILIZATION AS A METHOD TO OBTAIN ANTIGENIC NANO-OBJECTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1069.1–1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1075.
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Objectives:Objective of the study is to research the effect of emulsion polymerization on active sites of cardiolipin antigen determinant in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:Having integrated antigen nanoobjects we developed immobilized magnetocontrollable antigen nanosystems and put them to an evaluation test. The nanosystems are polyacrylamide granules with a built in antigen. To obtain stable immobilized multi–use biopharmaceuticals with targeted properties (shape, particle diameter, pore size, density) we used a modified version of emulsion polymerization method using polyacrylamide carrier gel. This method permitted a greater sorptive capacity, preserving the antigen in maximum native state, and opened up the possibility of controllable modification of nanoobjects. Cardiolipin was used as the antigen in question.Results:Following the method described above we performed sorption of anticardiolipin antibodies from blood plasma of SLE patients who showed clinical presentations of antiphospholipid syndrome. Blood serum from 10 apparently healthy individuals served as control. The level of cardiolipin antibodies was determined before and after sorption by indirect solid phase immunoenzyme method. In the eluate we estimated total protein by Lowry method. In vitro testing showed that the obtained antigen nanosystems based on immobilized cardiolipin could effectively remove cardiolipin antibodies from whole blood of SLE patients with clinical presentations of APS to achieve the values of healthy individuals (before sorption cardiolipin antibodies 0.328 ± 0.028; after sorption 0.059 ± 0.017; p<0.001; sorption capacity 8.00 ± 0.390 mg/ml).Conclusion:The method of emulsion polymerization with consideration to hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of lipid molecules permits obtaining and modifying biomolecules with certain properties, in a controlled fashion.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Locke, Martin A., Lewis A. Gaston, and Robert M. Zablotowicz. "Acifluorfen Sorption and Sorption Kinetics in Soil." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 1 (January 1997): 286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf960240r.
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Zeng, Qing Ling, Lu Wang, Chun Hua Shen, Fei Li, and Zhen Ming Zhou. "Adsorption Characteristics of Estrone to Aerobic Activated Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.12.
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Batch experiments were conducted to measure the sorption capacities of estrone (E1) to aerobic activated sludge. The effect of temperature on E1 sorption was investigated at the temperatures of 5-35oC. The results showed that E1 sorption equilibrium was reached at 15min. E1 sorption on the sludge fitted both Freundlich and linear sorption isotherm models. Distribution coefficients (Kd) of E1 to aerobic inactivated sludge was 546.5 L∙kg-1 at 25oC. The effect of temperature on sorption indicated that lower temperature benefited the sorption. The distribution coefficients (Kd) and sorption rate both decreased with the increased temperature. Kd of E1 to aerobic inactivated sludge was decreased by about 44%; the sorption rate was decreased by about 13% when temperature increased from 5 to 35oC. The specific sorption coefficient KOM or KOC was also used to describe the sorption capacity, which also decreased with increased temperature. Sorption thermodynamics indicated that the sorption process was exothermic and spontaneous.
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Volkov, Ilya N., Viktoriya O. Zharkova, Yana Yu Karaseva, Еlena I. Lysakova, and Еlena V. Zakharova. "Sorption of 90Sr and 137Cs on clays used to build safety barriers in radioactive waste storage facilities." Nuclear Energy and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.7.69930.
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The purpose of the work was to investigate the sorptive capacity of natural clay samples with respect to 90Sr and 137Cs to assess the possibility of using these as components of protective barriers at radioactive waste isolation facilities. Bentonite clays of the Zyryanskoye and Desyaty Khutor deposits and high-melting clay of the Kampanovskoye deposit were selected for the investigation. The capacity of clays for sorption through ionic exchange is characterized by the value of the cation exchange capacity (CEC). In the process of sorption experiments, all of the test clays displayed a high rate of extracting strontium and cesium radionuclides from aqueous solutions. It was shown that the sorption of 90Sr is affected by the content of montmorillonite in the samples: bentonite clays absorb up to 98–99% of the initial radionuclide content in the solution, while about 80% of strontium is sorbed by high-melting clay. Cesium is practically fully sorbed by the tested samples and the degree of sorption amounts to over 99%, the highest value of the distribution coefficient having been recorded for the Kampanovskoye sample (Kd = 5.0×103 cm3/g). The method of sorbed radionuclides fixation on the clay samples were identified by selective desorption using the modified Tessier methodology. It was shown that strontium ions are more mobile than ions of cesium up to 97% of which is retained by clays.
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İnan, Süleyman, Vipul Vilas Kusumkar, Michal Galamboš, Eva Viglašová, Oľga Rosskopfová, and Martin Daňo. "Isotherm, Kinetic, and Selectivity Studies for the Removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from Aqueous Solution Using Turkish Perlite." Materials 15, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 7816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217816.
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The efficiency of 133Ba and 137Cs removal from aqueous solution is vital to mitigate ecological concerns over spreading these radionuclides in the environment. The present work focused on the use of Turkish perlite for the sorptive removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from aqueous solution by the radioindicator method. Perlite was characterized by XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX, and BET analyses. The maximum percentage removals of 88.2% and 78.7% were obtained for 133Ba and 137Cs at pH 6 and pH 9, respectively. For both ions, the sorption equilibrium was attained relatively rapidly. Experimental kinetic data were well described with pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models. The uptake of both ions increased with the increase in metal concentration (1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−2 mol/L) in solution. The maximum uptake capacities of 133Ba and 137Cs were found to be 1.96 and 2.11 mmol/g, respectively. The effect of competing ions decreased in the order of Ca2+>K+>Ni2+>Na+ for 133Ba sorption, whereas for 137Cs sorption, the order was determined as Ca2+>Ni2+>K+>Na+. Selectivity studies pointed out that sorption of 133Ba onto perlite is preferable to 137Cs. Therefore, Turkish perlite is a promising, cost-effective, and efficient natural material for the removal of 133Ba and 137Cs from relatively diluted aqueous solution.
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Wehner, John A., Bernard Miller, and Ludwig Rebenfeld. "Dynamics of Water Vapor Transmission through Fabric Barriers." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 10 (October 1988): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805801005.
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An experimental apparatus has been developed to permit the simultaneous measurement of moisture sorption by a fabric and moisture flux through a fabric during the transient period after the fabric is exposed to a humidity gradient. By suitable manipulation of the experimental conditions, the method demonstrates that moisture flux occurs predominantly through the air spaces of the fabric; the role of the fibers is to act as a moisture source or sink. Two mathematical descriptions of the transient period have been developed, in which the interaction between moisture sorption by the fibers and moisture flux through the air spaces of a fabric is modeled. In the first model, the dominant mass transfer resistance for the sorption process is considered to be diffusion of water molecules through the air to the fiber surface. Diffusion within the fiber is considered to be so rapid that the fiber moisture content is always in sorptive equilibrium with the air at the fiber surface. This simple model correctly predicts the qualitative trends exhibited by experimental data collected on fabrics of widely varying sorptive capacity, but it under-predicts the duration of the transient period for a large proportion of these fabrics. A more realistic and complex model is also presented, in which the dominant mass transfer resistance is molecular diffusion of water molecules within the fiber interior. In this case the fiber moisture content lags behind the changes in the moisture content of the air at the fiber surface. The added complexity of this model provides a more accurate fit to the experimental data, although the correction provided by accounting for intrafiber diffusional resistance is small compared to the effect of sorptive capacity.
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Vitázek, I., and J. Havelka. "Sorption isotherms of agricultural products." Research in Agricultural Engineering 60, Special Issue (December 30, 2014): S52—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/35/2013-rae.
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The aim of the paper is to expand the theory of sorption and equilibrium moisture contents as well as to present the methodology of developing two types of sorption isotherms – I and II. The attention is also paid to the importance of the isotherms in the thermodynamics of drying and in the process of storage of agricultural products. Presented methodology of obtaining the isotherms is based on selected equations of the theory of adsorption and on the results of experimental measurements of equilibrium moisture content. Definition of the new isotherm II is introduced as dependence of equilibrium moisture content dry basis on time at constant temperature, constant relative moisture of the ambient air and stable biological properties (e.g. germination). The results show following graphic dependences: isothermal distort plane; sorption isotherm I of maize grains at various temperatures; moisture loss rate in dependence on time and sorption isotherm II. These theoretical dependences supported by experimental measurements broaden the scope of the theory of sorption and may be successfully applied in long-term storage of maize grains.
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Nasrabadi, Mohsen, Ali Mahdavi Mazdeh, and Mohammad Hossein Omid. "Effect of cadmium sorption by river sediments on longitudinal dispersion." Water Supply 22, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 2212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.368.
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Abstract This paper concerns the cadmium sorptive effects by river bed sediments on longitudinal dispersion coefficient in an open-channel flow via experimental and numerical study. For this purpose, a circular flume was used with mean diameter of 1.6 m and a width of 0.2 m. The adsorbing bed was considered as a thin layer of the sediment particles with mean diameter of 0.53 mm and three sediment concentrations of 3, 12, and 20 gr/lit. To determine the sorption parameters of the sediments, some experiments were conducted with three cadmium concentrations of 150, 460, and 770 ppb. Then, the dispersion experiments were carried out with and without the bed sediments with the same cadmium concentration as the sorption experiments. A numerical model was then developed to solve the advection–dispersion equation with considering the sorption term by river bed sediments. The longitudinal dispersion coefficients were estimated by comparing the experimental and numerical breakthrough curves. The results showed that, with increasing the sediment concentrations, the sediment sorption rate increased and the longitudinal dispersion coefficient decreased by about 38, 36 and 33 percent, respectively, for cadmium concentrations of 150, 460 and 770 ppb. In addition, by increasing the cadmium concentrations, the changes in the longitudinal dispersion coefficient are decreased. Furthermore, a relationship was developed using non-dimensional longitudinal dispersion as a function of the new parameter of sorption ratio. From a practical point of view, the results of this study demonstrated that, at the presence of riverbed sediment, the cadmium is longitudinally dispersed with more delay in comparison with no sediment at the river bed.
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Lei, Lili, Ida Holásková, James A. Thompson, and Louis M. McDonald. "Fe-Bound Organic Carbon and Sorption of Aromatic Dissolved Organic Carbon in Surface Soil: Comparing a Forest, a Cropland, and a Pasture Soil in the Central Appalachian Region, West Virginia, U.S.A." Environments 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments9090113.
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The essential roles of Fe oxides in stabilizing long-term soil organic carbon (SOC), especially aromatic dissolved organic carbon (DOCaro), are well-established in forest soils and sediments. We chose to focus on these processes in agricultural soils in which the input and translocation of native DOC to deeper soils are impacted by management practices. We quantified SOC, Fe oxide bound SOC (Fe-bound OC), and the DOCaro sorption in a forest, a cropland, and a pasture soil at 0–10 and 10–25 cm. Significantly larger amounts of Fe oxides in the cropland soil were observed compared to the forest and pasture soils at both depths (p < 0.05). Land management practices and depth both significantly influenced the Fe-bound OC percentage (p < 0.05). Larger maximum sorptions of DOC in the cropland (315.0 mg kg−1) and pasture (395.0 mg kg−1) soils than the forest soil (96.6 mg kg−1) at 10–25 cm weres found. DOCaro sorption decreased in the three soils at 0–10 cm (slope of −0.002 to −0.014 L2 mg−2 m−1) as well as the forest soil at 10–25 cm (−0.016 L2 mg−2 m−1) with increasing equilibrium DOC concentration. Conversely, the cropland and pasture soils at 10–25 cm increased (0.012 to 0.014 L2 mg−2 m−1). The different sorption behaviors of DOCaro in these surface soils indicate that the forest, cropland, and pasture-managed soils may have more complex and various sorption behaviors in stabilizing DOCaro and non-DOCaro.
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Hüffer, Thorsten, Maren Wehrhahn, and Thilo Hofmann. "The molecular interactions of organic compounds with tire crumb materials differ substantially from those with other microplastics." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 22, no. 1 (2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9em00423h.
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Sorption of organic compounds to tire crumb materials highly resembles sorption to the rubber fraction and less sorption to carbon black and sorption to tire materials differs substantially from sorption to other microplastics.
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Kulkarni, Sunil. "Isotherms, Kinetics and Break through Curve for Sorptive Removal of Chromium from Wastewater by Activated Sludge." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 8 (June 28, 2019): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.22013.
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In the present investigations, activated sludge is used for removal of chromium in batch and continuous mode. It was observed that the sorption process followed Langmuir isotherm better than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.95). The Freudlich model with R2 value above 0.9 suggests that the sorptive removal may involve physical and chemical adsorption with some multilayer sorption. Chromium uptake followed second order kinetics. The maximum adsorption capacity qe was observed to be 208.33 mg/g. The breakeven time and exhaustion time were determined for continuous operation. The non-availability of adsorbate at low flow rates play important role in delaying the break point time. Sludge age and initial concentration also affect the removal of chromium. The data follows the Thomas model with R2 value more than 0.9.
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Shi, Y., W. Chen, H. Lin, Z. Gao, B. Yang, K. Yang, D. Chen, et al. "An application research for near-surface repository of strontium-90 sorption kinetic model on mudrocks." Kerntechnik 86, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2021-1021.
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Abstract In this study,90Sr was used as the test radionuclide to characterize the sorption kinetics and effects of initial 90Sr activity and remaining 90Sr in solid concentration were simulated for a near-surface repository. The study focused on the sorption characteristics of radionuclides in unsaturated groundwater environment (or vadose zone) is the important information for investigating the near-surface disposal of intermediate and low-level radioactive waste (ILLW). Moreover, the 90Sr sorption experiments reached equilibrium within 56 h, which fit to the first order sorption kinetic model, and the remaining 90Sr in mudrock samples showed obvious sorption equilibrium hysteresis, which fit to the second order sorption kinetic model. Before reaching the maximum sorption capacity, the sorption rate constant increases with 90Sr increasing; the distribution coefficient (Kd) of 56 h decreases with the remaining 90Sr decreasing. In addition, it showed that the slow sorption process dominated before the sorption reaches equilibrium. In fact, a reliable safety assessment methodology for on-going near-surface repository required a lot of the radionuclides parameters with local environment including the radionuclides sorption/desorption rate constant and maximum sorption capacity.
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Ansone-Bertina, Linda, and Maris Klavins. "Sorption of V and VI group metalloids (As, Sb, Te) on modified peat sorbents." Open Chemistry 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2016-0003.
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AbstractThe present work investigates arsenic, antimony and tellurium sorption using iron modified peat. The results were obtained using batch tests and the sorption was studied as a function of initial metalloid concentration, pH and sorption time, as well as the presence of competing substances. The obtained results indicate that modification of peat with Fe compounds significantly enhances the sorption capacity of the sorbents used for sorption of arsenic, antimony and tellurium. The optimal pH interval for the sorption of Sb(III) is 6.5–9 and for As(V) and Sb(V) – 3–6, while As(III) and tellurium sorption using Fe-modified peat is favourable in a wider interval of 3–9. The presence of competing ions as well as HA affect sorption of metalloids on Fe-modified peat. A minor impact on the reduction of metalloid sorption was detected in the presence of nitrate, sulphate, carbonate and tartrate ions, while in the presence of phosphate and HA the sorption ability of metalloids can be considerably reduced. The obtained results of kinetic experiments indicate that sorption of metalloids on Fe-modified peat mainly occurs relying on mechanisms of physical sorption processes.
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Hossain, M. D., B. K. Bala, M. A. Hossain, and M. R. A. Mondol. "Sorption isotherms and heat of sorption of pineapple." Journal of Food Engineering 48, no. 2 (May 2001): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-8774(00)00132-1.
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