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1
Spyridopoulos, Ioannis. "Tough Love: The Effects of Debt Contract Design on Firms’ Performance." Review of Corporate Finance Studies 9, no. 1 (2019): 44–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rcfs/cfz006.
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Abstract I investigate whether restrictive loan covenants disrupt or improve firms’ operating performance. Using an instrumental variables approach to address the endogenous relationship between covenant strictness and firms’ efficiency, I find that stricter loan covenants lead to an increase in profitability and firm value even when firms do not violate a covenant. Stricter covenants improve performance only in firms with managerial agency conflicts: those without large shareholder ownership, facing softer competition in their product market, or with weaker shareholder rights. The evidence suggests that by designing stringent contracts ex ante, creditors create positive externalities in poorly governed firms through managerial incentives. Received December 7, 2018; editorial decision May 31, 2019 by Editor Uday Rajan. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
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Moilanen, Sinikka. "Sensemaking of post-acquisition changes in accounting and control." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 17, no. 1 (2016): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-01-2014-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how softer issues such as emotions function in the alignment of a management accounting and control system (MCS) following an international acquisition. Design/methodology/approach – To tap into the interplay of softer issues and formal structures, the paper compares the sensemaking of the changes in the structures related to and following an acquisition in the acquiring firm and the acquired firm. Findings – The results show that the people in the acquiring firm take the company perspective and identify the processes of change and technical matters affecting consolidation. Their interpretative frames are thus more rational than the emotional frames of the people in the acquired firm, who explain the changes in terms of their personal experiences. Accordingly, softer issues, such as emotions, affect how structural changes are interpreted. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the existing research on the post-acquisition integration of MCSs by showing that not only do the basic assumptions of MCSs challenge the alignment, but the positions of individuals also create certain perspectives that may evoke emotions and affect sensemaking. In this specific situation emotions may already be evoked by the changes in work, not only by accounting figures and technologies. The contradiction between rational and emotional frames may cause difficulties in alignment, since introducing new formal accounting structures does not provide any unambiguous frame for sensemaking. These structures may be interpreted through their content or through the effects on daily work.
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Perkins-Veazie, P. M., J. K. Collins, and J. R. Clark. "CHANGES IN BLACKBERRY FRUIT QUALITY DURING STORAGE." HortScience 28, no. 4 (1993): 277A—277. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.4.277a.
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Blackberry fruit are considered highly perishable, having an average shelflife of 2 to 3 days. Fruit of erect blackberry cultivars were stored at 2C for 7 days to determine shelflife and quality changes. Weight loss was 1.8 and 3.4% after 3 and 7 days storage, regardless of cultivar or color stage. Soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), anthocyanin content, and skin firmness did not change during storage, but differed between ripeness stages and cultivars. Mottled (50% black) fruit were low in SSC and high in TA compared to shiny or dull black fruit. All dull black fruit were rated softer and lower in overall appearance after storage compared to shiny black fruit. `Choctaw' fruit were less firm and rated softer and of marginal appearance after 7 days storage while `Navaho' fruit remained firm and highly acceptable. Ethylene production ranged from 0.4 (`Navaho') to 2.8 nl/g-h (`Choctaw'). Results indicate that erect blackberry fruit harvested at the shiny black stage are of acceptable quality and have excellent shelflife potential.
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Pugsley, W. H. "A Sober Look at French-English Relations in Quebec." Relations industrielles 23, no. 3 (2005): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/027921ar.
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The Author briefly reviews the historical developments that have led to the present cultural-linguistic situation in Québec business. He then proceeds to a realistic description of Canadian and even international markets for more and more Quebec-based secondary-manufacturing firms, stressing the need for working bilingualism and greater mobility of French-Canadian employees. In such a context, French-Canadians would get greater opportunities, and both sides would gradually abandon prejudice in favour of equity and efficiency.
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Kozuka, Yuta, Zhou Lu, Tsukuru Masuda, et al. "Evaluation of bacterial adhesion strength on phospholipid copolymer films with antibacterial ability using microfluidic shear devices." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 9, no. 22 (2021): 4480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tb00657f.
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This work investigated the bacterial adhesion strength of cross-linked zwitterionic copolymer films using a shear stress-tunable microfluidic device. We found that the adhesion of S. aureus on the thicker and softer copolymer film was weaker.
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Jossa, Bruno. "A Few Advantages of Economic Democracy." STUDI ECONOMICI, no. 101 (March 2011): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ste2010-101001.
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The aim of this article is to discuss some of the main advantages of an employeemanaged system: a labour productivity edge on capitalistic businesses, the suppression of external firm control, slower monopoly-building and softer competition, the eclipse of the paramount role of economics in social evolution and a reduced need for state intervention into the economy. The author's analysis sheds light on whether, and in what sense, economic democracy is a public good proper or just a "merit good". From the classification of cooperative as merit goods it follows that any government, regardless of political-economic orientation, should make it its task to support the growth of the democratic firm system by enforcing tax or credit benefits in its favour.
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Wilkinson, Margaret Ann, Christa Walker, and Peter Mercer. "Testing Theory and Debunking Stereotypes: Lawyers’ Views on the Practice of Law." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 18, no. 1 (2005): 165–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900005555.
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This article is the final report of a study of legal ethics and professionalism involving in depth interviews about problem solving conducted with nearly two hundred lawyers practicing in various settings: in different sizes of firms, in different sizes of communities, in private practice and in in-house or corporate counsel positions. Previously published findings of this research project having established that lawyers rarely turn to their ethical codes to solve problems, preferring instead to rely upon informal information gleaned from within their own offices (although lawyers from smaller firms remain more often comfortable with information drawn from beyond the firm than those from larger firms), this article focuses on analysis of the interviews of those lawyers who identified themselves as concerned with issues involving their roles as lawyers. The analysis maps the lawyers' own descriptions of their situations onto the “hired gun” and “counselor” models of lawyer-client interaction taken from the literature. The findings confirm our preliminary findings that these two roles are not mutually exclusive. Although all the lawyers concerned with their roles began in a mentoring mode, most lawyers eventually relinquished their decision-making to their clients, a transition fraught with challenges for many of them. A minority, however, despite the dictates of their code of ethics, withdrew from cases or even, exceptionally, substituted their own decision-making for that of their clients. The article links the mentoring model to the care perspective in the literature of moral development and the hired gun model to the rights perspective. The findings did not establish any support for the claim that the presence of women is creating a "softer" voice in the legal profession. However, two aspects of the structure of the profession, private practice versus in-house practice and the size of the centre in which the practice is located, engendered variations in professional attitudes.
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Wang, Lugen, M. Ganor, S. I. Rokhlin, and Alfred Grill. "Nanoindentation Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Low to Ultralow Dielectric Constant SiCOH Films." Journal of Materials Research 20, no. 8 (2005): 2080–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2005.0258.
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Carbon-doped oxide SiCOH films with low to ultralow dielectric constants were prepared on a Si substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) from mixtures of SiCOH precursors with organic materials. The films have different levels of nanoscale porosity resulting in different dielectric constants and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the films have been characterized by continuous-stiffness nanoindentation measurements. To study the effect of film thickness, each group of samples with the same dielectric constant was composed of samples prepared with different film thicknesses. It is shown that the effective hardness and modulus of the SiCOH/Si substrate system depends significantly on indentation depth due to substrate constraint effects. The “true” film properties were determined using both an empirical formulation of the effective modulus and direct inversion based on a finite element model. The hardness and modulus of three groups of samples with different degrees of dielectric constants have been measured. The hardness increases from 0.7 to 2.7 GPa and modulus from 3.6 to 17.0 GPa as the dielectric constants change from 2.4 to 3.0. While for stiffer films the modulus measured at an indentation depth 10% of the film thickness is close to the “true” value for films thicker than 0.5 μm, the measured value can give an overestimate of up to 35% for softer films. Thin film cracking and film–substrate debonding have been observed with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy at the indentation sites in softer films. The damage initiation is indicated by pop-in events in the loading curve and sharp peaks in the normalized contact stiffness curves versus indentation depth.
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Mullinix, Benjamin, Gerard Krewer, and Paul Sumner. "Effect on Blueberry Quality as Affected by Various Types of Padded Surfaces." HortScience 32, no. 4 (1997): 595B—595. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.595b.
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'Climax' and 'Tifblue' blueberry cultivars were harvested, cooled, and later warmed to room temperature for use in individual berry dropping experiments. Surfaces used were concrete, “Softer NoBruze” and “Poron #7R70-Grey.” Berries in the check were not dropped. Three groups of 25 berries were dropped individually from various heights ranging from .5 ft to 7 ft. Initially, berries were cut to determine percent flesh showing bruising. Later, berries were rolled between fingers and assigned a firmness: firm, medium firm, or soft. The first two firmnesses are considered marketable. Fruit tended to bruise more when harvested later in season. More bruising occurred with higher drop heights. More marketable fruit resulted from thicker padding. Repeated dropping increased bruising. “NoBruze” was superior to “Poron” at any thickness. Many berries in the mechanical harvester have to drop over a foot onto a metal surface; padding these surfaces should increase percent of marketable (undamaged) berry yield.
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Potejanasak, Potejana, Masahiko Yoshino, Motoki Terano, and Masahiro Mita. "Efficient Fabrication Process of Metal Nanodot Arrays Using Direct Nanoimprinting Method with a Polymer Mold." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 6 (2015): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0629.
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A new fabrication process of metal nanodot arrays using the thermal dewetting method was developed in this study. This process was comprised of three steps: thin Au film deposition on a quartz glass substrate, groove patterning by direct nanoimprinting, and self-organization of metal nanodot arrays by thermal dewetting. A new idea to utilize a polymer film mold for groove patterning by direct nanoimprinting was examined. The polymer film mold was prepared by hot-embossing groove patterns of a mother mold on a cyclo olefin polymer (COP) film. The mother mold was prepared from a silicon wafer. The polymer film mold was used for direct nanoimprinting on a metal film deposited on a quartz substrate. The experimental results revealed that the COP film mold can effectively form a micro groove pattern on the Au film despite the COP film mold being softer than the Au film. The micro groove on the Au film was also found to be effective in aligning the nanodots in lines. The micro groove patterning using the COP film mold was also confirmed to be useful in controlling the dot size and alignment during the thermal dewetting process.
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Kichko, Sergey. "Competition, land prices and city size." Journal of Economic Geography 20, no. 6 (2019): 1313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz037.
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Abstract Larger cities typically give rise to two opposite effects: tougher competition among firms and higher production costs. Using an urban model with substitutability of production factors and pro-competitive effects, I study product market responses to an increase in city population, land-use regulations and commuting costs. I show that those responses depend on the land intensity in production. If the input share of land is low, a larger city attracts more firms setting lower prices, whereas for an intermediate land share, city expansion increases both the mass of firms and product prices. For a high land share, the mass of firms decreases with city size while product price increases. Softer land-use regulations and/or lower commuting costs reinforce pro-competitive effects, making city residents better-off via lower product prices and broader diversity.
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Christopoulou, Anastasia, Giorgos Mallinis, Emmanuel Vassilakis, et al. "Assessing the impact of different landscape features on post-fire forest recovery with multitemporal remote sensing data: the case of Mount Taygetos (southern Greece)." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 7 (2019): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18153.
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Fires affecting large areas usually create a mosaic of recovering plant communities reflecting their pre-fire composition and local conditions of burning. However, post-fire recovery patterns may also reveal the effects of landscape heterogeneity on the natural regeneration process of plant communities. This study combines field data and remote sensing image interpretation techniques to assess the role of various landscape characteristics in the post-fire recovery process in a mountainous region of Greece burned by a severe wildfire. Remote sensing techniques were used to accurately map secluded, large burned areas. By introducing a temporal component, we explored the correlation between post-fire regeneration and underlying topography, soils and basement rock. Pre-fire forest cover was reduced by more than half 8 years after fire. Regarding the dominant pre-fire forest trees, Abies cephalonica did not regenerate well after fire and most pre-fire stands were converted to grasslands and shrublands. In contrast, Pinus nigra regenerated sufficiently to return to its pre-fire cover, especially in areas underlain by softer basement rock. The use of different time series of high-resolution images improved the quality of the results obtained, justifying their use despite their high cost.
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Chotibhawaris, Thanakrit, Luangvaranunt Tachai, Pongsakorn Jantaratana, and Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat. "Influence of the Electrodeposited Co-Fe Alloys’ Characteristics on their Magnetic Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.709.
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Nanocrystalline CoFe films were fabricated by electrodeposition process for an investigation of the relationship between the alloys’ characteristics and their magnetic properties. The study shows that coating thickness promotes softer magnetic properties of the films, and induces changes of film roughness, preferred orientation and domain pattern. The preferred orientation of the ~1 μm films (thin films) is (110) plane, whereas that of the ~3 μm films (thick films) are (110) and (200) planes. The magnetic domain of the thin films exhibit a stripe-liked pattern, whereas a bubble-liked pattern appears in the thick films. Iron content significantly affects the magnetic properties of the thick films. In this study, the 57.3wt.%Fe thick film has the highest saturation magnetization, and the 80.0wt.%Fe thick film shows the lowest coercivity.
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Darcy, Colette, Jimmy Hill, TJ McCabe, and Philip McGovern. "A consideration of organisational sustainability in the SME context." European Journal of Training and Development 38, no. 5 (2014): 398–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejtd-10-2013-0108.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider organisational sustainability in the small- to medium-sized enterprises (SME) context focussing on a resource-based view. The paper overlays two contrasting perspectives: those of the SME and human resource (HR) perspectives to allow for the development of a composite model of organisational sustainability for SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – The paper overlays four models of Carson’s (1985, 1990) small firm evolution and unique characteristics of SMEs; Wright et al.’s (2001) pertaining to the application of the resource-based view of the firm perspective to strategic HR and Boudreau and Ramstad (2005) model of effectiveness, efficiency and impact of talentship. The paper, in particular, considers the human resource management (HRM) perspectives pertaining to the overlay and considers how these might impact organisational sustainability. Findings – An outcome of the paper is the development of a composite model to the SME and HR perspectives of organisational sustainability and its applicability to the SME context. Research limitations/implications – The paper suggests a number of emergent areas for future research. Future research should focus on the intangible aspects and softer elements of the organisational resource base. The majority of work in this area is grounded in the positivist paradigm. Future research should consider a pluralists perspective and draw on traditions of the post-positivist paradigm, for example, social constructionism. Practical implications – SME-support agencies and consultants who work with SMEs need, therefore, to work with them in assessing their competency spectra and then to help them develop the talent pools required to effect continued growth and success. In doing so SMEs need to be guided towards a better understanding of the traditional temporal cycle of recruitment; in essence, they need to ensure that they have the right competency set in situ in the early stages of the firms’ development. Originality/value – This paper is unique in its approach to the examination of sustainability within the context of SMEs and, in particular, the HRM aspects which contribute towards organisational survival, growth and sustainability.
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Alvim, Luíza Beatriz. "Between genres and styles in the films of Robert Bresson." CINEJ Cinema Journal 5, no. 1 (2016): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cinej.2015.127.
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The films of French director Robert Bresson are considered sober and transcendental. However, in A gentle woman (1969) and in Four nights of a dreamer (1972), he included extracts of quite different genres, like a libertine comedy (the extract of film Benjamim by Michel Deville, 1968), a Shakespearean tragedy (a performance of Shakespeare´s Hamlet) and a gangster film (When love possesses us, produced by Bresson himself). In a way, those excerpts represent exactly the opposite of Bresson´s cinema. On the other hand, they still have some familiarity with it. We analyze the approach of those genres in the sequences in Bresson´s films, as well of the styles present in them by the use of music and images of paintings.
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Yao, Xinyue, Mikko Vepsäläinen, Fabio Isa, Phil Martin, Paul Munroe, and Avi Bendavid. "Advanced RuO2 Thin Films for pH Sensing Application." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226432.
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RuO2 thin films were prepared using magnetron sputtering under different deposition conditions, including direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) discharges, metallic/oxide cathodes, different substrate temperatures, pressures, and deposition times. The surface morphology, residual stress, composition, crystal structure, mechanical properties, and pH performances of these RuO2 thin films were investigated. The RuO2 thin films RF sputtered from a metallic cathode at 250 °C exhibited good pH sensitivity of 56.35 mV/pH. However, these films were rougher, less dense, and relatively softer. However, the DC sputtered RuO2 thin film prepared from an oxide cathode at 250 °C exhibited a pH sensitivity of 57.37 mV/pH with a smoother surface, denser microstructure and higher hardness. The thin film RF sputtered from the metallic cathode exhibited better pH response than those RF sputtered from the oxide cathode due to the higher percentage of the RuO3 phase present in this film.
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Chitrattha, Sasiprapa, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Film Properties of Poly(lactic Acid) Comprising N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone." Advanced Materials Research 528 (June 2012): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.528.140.
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Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) has many potential uses, for example as packaging, textiles, biomedical fields, including suture, bone fixation material, drug delivery microsphere, and tissue engineering. However, PLA shows the poor toughness, slow degradation rate and relatively hydrophobic. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to improve the characteristics of PLA film. PLA films were prepared using a solvent casting method and their various properties were investigated. From tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (E) and young’s modulus (ε) determinations, the incorporated PLA films exhibited the softer behavior than plain PLA film. On the other hand, from the contact angle and surface free energy values, the PLA films incorporated with NMP could improve the wettability of solvents and also increased % water sorption (WS) and % weight loss (WL) than PLA films with NMP dose dependent. However SEM photographs revealed the more rather rough and cracked surface as the higher amount of NMP was incorporated in PLA film.
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Hersey, Curt. "Script(ing) Treatment: Representations of Recovery from Addiction in Hollywood Film." Contemporary Drug Problems 32, no. 3 (2005): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090503200308.
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American films and television programs increasingly feature characters recovering from addiction. These representations are based on previous depictions and help create a cultural understanding of addicts. This study analyzes the depiction of addicts and addiction in three Hollywood films whose narratives are largely situated within a treatment center: Clean and Sober (1988), When a Man Loves a Woman (1994), and 28 Days (2000). It concludes that the films depict a stock experience of treatment that is surprisingly univocal, as well as unrealistic when compared with the availability and realities of real-life programs. In addition, the films limit their representations of successful recovery to white, upper-class individuals and offer only one conceptual framework for addiction.
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Zhu, Zhixian, Dan Wu, Shuang Li, et al. "A polymer-film inertial microfluidic sorter fabricated by jigsaw puzzle method for precise size-based cell separation." Analytica Chimica Acta 1143 (January 2021): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.001.
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Styles, Chris, and Lisa Hersch. "Executive Insights: Relationship Formation in International Joint Ventures: Insights from Australian–Malaysian International Joint Ventures." Journal of International Marketing 13, no. 3 (2005): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.13.3.105.
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Many international joint ventures are unsuccessful, and managers partly blame the “softer” issues related to partner relationships. The authors study these relational (behavioral) aspects of the formation process using seven international joint ventures involving Australian and Malaysian firms. During the five stages of formation (i.e., need determination, partner search, partner selection, negotiations, and operations), four dimensions of trust (i.e., personal, competence, contractual, and goodwill) and three dimensions of commitment (i.e., intentions based, contractual, and affective) play prominent roles. Managers need to focus on these dimensions during the five stages of formation to improve chances of success.
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Slack, Trevor S., Nihar Raje, Farshid Sadeghi, Gary Doll, and Michael R. Hoeprich. "EHL Modeling for Nonhomogeneous Materials: The Effect of Material Inclusions." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 2 (2007): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2540234.
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Inclusions are common in bearing materials and are a primary site for subsurface fatigue crack initiation in rolling element bearings. This paper presents a new approach for computing the pressure, film thickness, and subsurface stresses in an elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) contact when inclusions are present in the elastic half-space. The approach is based on using the discrete element method to determine the surface elastic deformation in the EHL film thickness equation. The model is validated through comparison with the smooth EHL line contact results generated using linear elasticity. Studies are then carried out to investigate the effects of size, location, orientation, and elastic properties of inclusions on the EHL pressure and film thickness profiles. Both inclusions that are stiffer than and/or softer than the base material are seen to have effects on the pressure distribution within the lubricant film and to give rise to stress concentrations. For inclusions that are stiffer than the base material (hard inclusions), the pressure distribution within the lubricant film behaves as though there is a bump on the surface, whereas for inclusions that are less stiff than the base material (soft inclusions), the pressure distribution behaves in a manner similar to that of a dented surface. Inclusions close to the surface cause significant changes in the contact stresses that are very significant considering the stress life relationship. For inclusions that are located deep within the surface, there is little change in the EHL pressure and film thickness.
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Bartolomé Leal, Andrés. "Boyz out the hood? Geographical, linguistic and social mobility in John Singleton’s Boyz N the Hood." Journal of English Studies 11 (May 29, 2013): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.2615.
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In contrast with many of the films said to belong to the ‘hood films’ cycle of the nineties, John Singleton’s Boyz N the Hood (1991) sober and realistically portrays the hardships of blacks’ existence in the Los Angeles’ neighbourhood of South Central. For the film, as this paper aims to demonstrate, the inability of the ‘hood residents to escape the geographical and social constrains of their environment is a direct outcome of the longdistance control that the mainly white dominant elites exert over their existence. Through the confronting lifestyles that the characters embody, the film exemplifies the different possible attitudes towards the place/race-biased identities that the life in the ‘hood motivates. In order to contest the social determinism that seems to dominate the life of the residents of the ‘hood, Tre’s character stands out as epitome of the film’s ideology in favour of education and respect, and not violence, as the way to survive this socialpolitical scheme.
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Astami, Emita W. "Factors Explaining Management Preferences of Accounting for Goodwill Prior to the Implementation of IFRS 3: A Cross-Country Study." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 8, no. 1 (2006): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5624.
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This study provides evidence on the cross sectional relationship between firm economic variables and management preferences in the selection of an accounting technique for goodwill. It examines goodwill accounting policy disclosures in the 2000/2001 annual reports of 269 listed companies in the five countries: Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The key focus is management’s choice of accounting techniques for the treatment of goodwill.The results show that accounting practices for goodwill vary significantly across country of origins and across industry groups. Two economic variables significantly explain management preferences of accounting for goodwill. The finding shows that the higher a company’s financial leverage ratio the company managers prefer to write off goodwill immediately against income or to capitalize and amortize it in a sorter period of time. The higher a company’s size, the more likely the company would write-off of goodwill to balance sheet reserves. Thus, this study provides empirical evidence that management preferences of accounting for goodwill have economic consequences.
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Mitcham, Elizabeth J., and Roy E. McDonald. "Cell Wall Modification during Ripening of `Keitt' and `Tommy Atkins' Mango Fruit." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 6 (1992): 919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.6.919.
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`Keitt' and `Tommy Atkins' mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit were evaluated for selected ripening criteria at six ripening stages, from mature green to overripe. `Tommy Atkins' mangos developed more red and yellow pigmentation (CIE a* and b*) in peel and mesocarp tissues than `Keitt'. The outer mesocarp of `Keitt' remained firm longer than `Tommy Atkins', and the inner mesocarp was softer than the outer at each stage in both cultivars. Cell wall neutral sugars, particularly arabinosyl, rhamnosyl, and galactosyl residues, decreased with ripening in both cultivars. `Keitt' had more loosely associated, chelator-soluble pectin, accumulated more soluble polyuronides, and retained more total pectin at the ripe stage than `Tommy Atkins'. Both cultivars had similar polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) activity which increased with ripening. The amount and molecular weight of cell wall hemicellulose decreased with ripening in both cultivars. These data indicate that enzymatic and/or nonenzymatic processes, in addition to polygalacturonase activity, are involved in the extensive softening of mango fruit.
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Layne, Desmond R., Zhengwang Jiang, and James W. Rushing. "Tree Fruit Reflective Film Improves Red Skin Coloration and Advances Maturity in Peach." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (2001): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.234.
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Replicated trials were conducted during the summers of 1998 and 1999 at commercial orchards in South Carolina to determine the influence of ground application of a metalized, high density polyethylene reflective film on fruit red skin color and maturity of peach (Prunus persica) cultivars that historically have poor red coloration. At each site there were two experimental treatments: 1) control and 2) reflective film (film). Film was applied 2 to 4 weeks before anticipated first harvest date by laying a 150-cm (5-ft) wide strip of plastic on either side of the tree row in the middles. Treatment areas at a given farm ranged from 0.25 to 0.5 ha (0.5 to 1.0 acre) in size and each treatment was replicated four times at each site. At harvest, two 50-fruit samples were picked from each plot per treatment. All fruit were sized and visually sorted for color (1 = 0% to 25%, 2 = 26% to 50%, 3 = 51% to 75%, and 4 = 76% to 100% red surface, respectively). A 10-fruit subsample was selected following color sorting and evaluated for firmness and soluble solids concentration (SSC). All cultivars tested (`CVN1', `Loring', `Bounty', `Summer Gold', `Sunprince', `Cresthaven' and `Encore') experienced significant increases in percent red surface when film was used in 1998 and 1999. This color improvement ranged from 16% to 44% (mean = 28%). On average, fruit from film were 4.2 N (0.9 lb force) softer and had 0.3% higher SSC than control fruit. Growers harvested more fruit earlier and in fewer harvests for film. Fruit size was not affected by film. Reflected solar radiation from film was not different in quality than incident sunlight. Film resulted in an increase in canopy air temperature and a reduction in canopy relative humidity during daylight hours.
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Scendo, M., N. Radek, J. Konstanty, and K. Staszewska. "Sliding Wear Behaviour and Corosion Resistance to Ringer’s Solution of Uncoated and DLC Coated X46Cr13 Steel." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 4 (2016): 1895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0305.
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Abstract Sliding wear properties and corrosion resistance in Ringer’s solution of uncoated and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coated X46Cr13 steel was tested. The Raman spectra showed that the DLC film was successfully coated by plasma assisted CVD method onto the steel surface. The wear test, carried out using a ball-on disk tribometer, revealed that the DLC coating show better resistance to sliding wear and lower friction coefficient against a 100Cr6 steel ball than five times softer X46Cr13 steel. The oxidation kinetic parameters were determined by means of both the gravimetric and electrochemical method. It was found that the DLC coating markedly decreased the rate of corrosion of the X46Cr13 steel, irrespective of the corrosion mechanism involved.
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Kavonic, Saul. "Australia's LNG wars – an industry under fire." APPEA Journal 58, no. 2 (2018): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj17053.
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As the construction of Australia’s impressive liquefied natural gas (LNG) arsenal (that included multiple world firsts) ends, new weapons and tactics will now be employed. The industry is coming under fire politically, and new battle fronts are emerging as renewables rise in the power generation mix. Amidst the brave new industry landscape, some Australian LNG projects and companies will advance and add value, while others will retreat. In this paper I ask the questions ‘how will the Australian LNG industry survive in the face of softer prices; and how will industry strategy be adapted?’ I will provide an outlook for Australia’s LNG sector and how it will continue the fight for market share at the global level. Cost will be king and Australia will march forward if the troops can be rallied. I highlight the challenges that the industry faces from various policy fronts, and discuss the risks posed by the ever growing multitude of cries for government intervention across the sector, as friendly fire from policy makers hamper progress. I critically analyse the case for domestic gas reinforcements: will a west east pipeline come to the rescue, or will Queensland LNG ‘advance to the rear’, or perhaps the world’s largest LNG exporter turn importer? Opportunities for more value remain for the brave as Australia faces a new gas paradigm amidst tumultuous global conditions.
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Ding, Yi, Fanyong Zhang, Shu Yan, Hongtao Li, Jining He, and Fuxing Yin. "Microstructure, Micro-Indentation, and Scratch Behavior of Cr Films Prepared on Al alloys by Using Magnetron Sputtering." Metals 9, no. 12 (2019): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9121330.
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In this study, closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUMS) was employed to deposit pure Cr films on soft substrate of 2024 Al alloy. The effects of deposition powers and biases on the microstructures and mechanical performance of Cr films were systematically investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), micro-indentation and scratch test. Results showed that all the Cr films had a strong (110) preferred orientation and anisotropic surface morphology with columnar structures. The size of Cr particles was in the range of 50–350 nm, increasing with larger target power and higher biases. The hardness of Cr films was between 3.3 and 4.8 GPa, which was much higher than the Al alloy substrate (1.44 GPa). The Young’s modulus of Cr film could reach a maximum value of 169 GPa at 2.0 kW/70 V. The critical load increased when increasing the power but decreased with higher bias, achieving a maximum value of 53.83 N at 2.0 kW/10 V. The adhesive failure mechanism of Cr film was mainly attributed to the plastic deformation of softer Al substrate.
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Stehlík, Michal. "INFLUENCE OF THE AGE OF EPOXY DISPERSION ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTION OF CONCRETE SURFACES." Engineering Structures and Technologies 4, no. 2 (2012): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2012.697538.
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The scope of this paper is to test stability and mechanical and chemical properties of a modern freshly mixed epoxy dispersion, and as a variant, of a dispersion which is two years old. During ageing, the dispersion particles probably agglomerate, which is tested by laser diffraction and by sedimentation in a cylinder. Physical-mechanical tests assess the appearance, drying speed and mechanical properties of the film. Chemical tests focus on assessing the resistance of films of dispersions of different ages to common chemicals and to chemical defrosting agents. It is possible to say that two years of dispersion storage lead to a considerable increase in the diameter of a certain number of dispersion particles with the subsequent effect of increasing the sedimentation speed. The hardened film of a two-year old dispersion dries faster, has a rougher surface, is softer, but on the other hand, is less elastic and its adhesive capacity to the substrate is worse. Its chemical resistance is decreased but its defrosting agent resistance remains good. Due to the two-year storage of the epoxy dispersion, most of the monitored parameters decrease, nevertheless, certain protection of concrete structures by a hardened film of such epoxy dispersions is possible.
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Chemers, Michael M. "The Stage Life of Props. By Andrew Sofer. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003; pp. 278. $19.95 paper." Theatre Survey 45, no. 2 (2004): 319–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557404410266.
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New historicism has come under fire in certain quarters for its perceived tendency to merely replace older totalizing histories with new ones that reify the very univocity they ostensibly strive to complicate. To respond to Deleuze and Guattari's call for “rhizomatic” histories in preference to “arboreal” ones has proven quite difficult to achieve in practice, even for the most dedicated adherents. Andrew Sofer's The Stage Life of Props comes as close as any history to realizing a comprehensive and comprehensible study of physical objects in the theatre that eschews master narratives in favor of a more fungoid methodology. In so doing, Sofer has created a convincing text that does for the history of stage properties what Joseph Roach's The Player's Passion (1985) did for the history of acting: set the stage, as it were, for a revitalized look at one of the murkier zones of theatre history as useful for students of props in general as it is to period specialists looking for new approaches to old mysteries.
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Retamales, Jorge B., and Cerardo A. Accedondo. "Calcium and Fruit Firmness in Highbush Blueberry: Natural Gradients and the Effect of Foliar Applications." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 784D—784. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.784d.
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Calcium gradients were established in firm (`Bluecrop' and `Blueray') and soft (`Ivanhoe') highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits from a 7-year-old planting at La Union, southern Chile. Manual firmness measurements established that `Ivanhoe' fruit was softer than either `Bluecrop' or `Blueray'. In all varieties, Ca concentrations were: seed > pulp > epidermis; opposite trends were found for K+Mg/Ca ratios. Seed number and Ca concentration in the pulp were negatively correlated in `Bluecrop' and `Ivanhoe', but not in `Blueray'. In a related experiment, the response of `Bluecrop' to preharvest sprays of two calcium sources (chloride and nitrate) in four doses (0, 47.5, 35, or 190 g Ca/100 liters of water) was studied; dose and source interactions were not significant. Both calcium sources affected fruit Ca concentrations similarly;l calcium applications, either as nitrate or chloride, increased Ca significantly in epidermis and seed; the highest dose was required to raise significantly Ca concentrations in the pulp. K+Mg/Ca ratios in nitrate- or chloride-treated fruit were: pulp > seed > epidermis.
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Carter, Farai T., Radoslaw M. Kowalczyk, Ian Millichamp, Malcolm Chainey, and Joseph L. Keddie. "Correlating Particle Deformation with Water Concentration Profiles during Latex Film Formation: Reasons That Softer Latex Films Take Longer to Dry." Langmuir 30, no. 32 (2014): 9672–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la5023505.
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Petchimuthu, Priya. "Production of Cost-Effective Biodegradable Straw." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 3710–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37096.
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Every year 15,342 tons of plastic waste have been produced. Among these plastic wastes, the big junk of the waste is plastic straws which are used for just a few minutes and thrown away. To prevent the plastic pollution, we need to create proper awareness. In order to avoid the pollution by plastic straws, we planned to produce a Biodegradable straw which is chemical free and an eco-friendly product. The plastic straws are harmful to human health. Our Present study focuses to produce a Biodegradable straw using eco-friendly ingredients like banana peel, cinnamon, corn starch, honey, thyme leaves and vinegar. To replace these plastic straws the bioplastic film was naturally prepared from banana peel with some chemical free ingredients. According to the study of bioplastic, banana peel has the ability to produce bioplastic film which is best alternative of plastic use. Also, vinegar can degrade the starch. And study about cinnamon shows that cinnamon can prolong the shelf life of the bioplastic film and it banishes the smell of vinegar. The flexibility of the bioplastic film can be attained by the thyme leaves in addition it also has an antifungal property. Honey acts as a plasticizer to make the material softer and more flexible and also it has antimicrobial activity. An application of heat brings polymerization from these mixtures. Thus, the bio plastic replaces the petroleum-based plastic with something made from food waste or agricultural by-products.
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Steinbauer, MJ, A. R. Clarke, and S. C. Paterson. "Changes in eucalypt architecture and the foraging behaviour and development ofAmorbus obscuricornis(Hemiptera: Coreidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, no. 6 (1998): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300054316.
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AbstractField surveys, manipulative field experiments and laboratory studies were employed to study the behaviour and development of a large coreid,Amorbus obscuricornis(Westwood), in response to changes in the architecture/foliar quality ofEucalyptus(Myrtaceae) hosts in Tasmania, Australia. Following tree decapitation and subsequent regrowth,A. obscuricornisnymphs were only associated with coppiced hosts. Eucalypts coppiced naturally by wild fire were found to carry significantly more nymphs than non-coppiced conspecific hosts. In contrast, adultA. obscuricorniswere found on both coppiced and non-coppiced hosts. The foliar quality of coppiced hosts was superior to that of non-coppiced hosts; being softer, having a higher moisture content and a lower C/N ratio. Field collected fifth instar nymphs were heavier when collected from coppice vs. noncoppice; but in bagged shoot experiments second instar nymphs gained less weight on coppice than non-coppice. It is suggested that because coppice is softer the shoots may deteriorate (i.e. wilt) more quickly than non-coppice shoots. Through different exposure regimes, it was confirmed that first instar nymphs need only water to ecdyse, while feeding is initiated in the second instar. Differences in the nutritional requirements of first and second instar nymphs were reflected in their behaviour. First instar nymphs did not discriminate between conspecific hosts on the basis of whether they were coppiced or not, whereas second instar nymphs preferentially chose coppiced conspecific hosts. The findings of this work are discussed in the context of the plant vigour and resource regulation hypotheses.
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Lazarenko, Yuliia Oleksandrivna, Olga Ivanivna Garafonova, Sergiy Mykolaiovych Sobol, and Anna Ihorivna Zaitseva. "IDENTIFICATION OF THE INTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCING AN ORGANIZATION’S ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT OPEN INNOVATION." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 4(16) (2018): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-4(16)-57-64.
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Urgency of the research. In today’s dynamic economic environment organizations are not able to innovate efficiently alone and being forced to revise their innovation strategies. In this context, open innovation is considered as a more effective approach to managing innovation processes that can provide external competencies and competitive advantages for companies operating in a modern marketplace. Target setting. Empirical studies demonstrate a wide variety of firm-level factors influencing an organization’s ability to implement open innovation model, however the relationships among these factors as well as the impact they have on a company’s innovation performance are not fully explained. Actual scientific research and issues analysis. Following researchers have made an important contribution to the development of an open innovation concept: G. Chesbrough, A.K. Crowther, E. Enkel, O. Gassmann, K. Laursen, A. Solter and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Although an exploring of organizational determinants that support implementation of the open innovation model is an area of growing interest among both academics and practitioners, the current understanding of these firm-level factors and their interrelationships is still fragmented. The research objective. The aim of the paper is to provide a view of the critical internal factors which influence an organization’s ability to implement open innovation. An analytical framework of the study strengthens a theoretical basis for a thorough analysis of the relationships among the main factors that have impact on a company’s open innovation practice. The statement of basic materials. Based on the literature review on open innovation management key internal factors have been identified that have impact on a firm’s ability to implement open innovation: an organizational mission and value system, a top management style and leadership, an organizational structure, a corporate culture, employees’ skills and competencies and an appropriate incentive system, as well as technological and knowledge management capabilities. Conclusions. As a result of the research a set of firm-level internal factors is defined that should be primarily taken into account in order to increase a company’s ability to implement efficiently open innovation.
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Bloisi, Francesco, Mario Barra, Antonio Cassinese, and Luciano Rosario Maria Vicari. "Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Thin Film Deposition by Using Nd:YAG Laser." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/395436.
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Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) is a deposition technique, developed from Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) especially well suited for producing organic/polymeric thin films, which can take advantage from using Nd:YAG laser. Depending on the relative values of light absorption coefficients of the solvent and of the molecules to be deposited, laser energy is directly absorbed by the solvent or is transferred to it, providing a softer desorption mechanism with respect to PLD. In PLD ultraviolet laser radiation is commonly used, but in MAPLE, since easily damaged molecules are usually involved, the use of Nd:YAG laser offers the advantage to allow selecting laser wavelength from ultraviolet (266 nm or 355 nm, corresponding to 4.66 eV or 3.49 eV photon energies, resp.) to visible (532 nm, 2.33 eV) to infrared (1064 nm, 1.17 eV). In this paper, the MAPLE technique is described in details, together with a survey of current and possible future applications for both organic and biomaterial deposition taking into account the advantages of using an Nd:YAG laser. Beside other results, we have experimental confirmation that MAPLE applications are not limited to transparent molecules highly soluble in light absorbing solvent, thus allowing deposition of poorly soluble light absorbing molecules suspended in a light transparent liquid.
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Ramos Pinto, Sara, and Aishah Mubaraki. "Multimodal corpus analysis of subtitling." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 3 (2020): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.18085.ram.
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Abstract This article proposes a new methodology for multimodal corpus analysis. It does so by particularly focusing on the issue of the translation of non-standard language varieties. This new methodology, which is significantly influenced by the work of Iedema (2003), Jimenez Hurtado and Soler Gallego (2013), Pastra (2008) and Ramos Pinto (2018), is capable of identifying the modes and resources at play and the relations identified between them, as well as how such relations participate in the construction of the non-standard varieties’ communicative meaning. It also accounts for the impact of the introduction of subtitles on preserving, cancelling or modifying the intermodal relations identified in the source text and, consequently, the diegetic functions they support; that is, the function they assume in the fictional world of the film. In this regard, the methodology assumes a clear translational perspective.
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Wang, Fun-In, Jane-Fang Yu, Jiun-Liang Chen, et al. "CASE REPORT: A PRIMARY SPLENIC FIBROSARCOMA WITH HEPATIC METASTASIS IN A CAPTIVE KOALA (PHASCOLARCTOS CINEREUS)." Taiwan Veterinary Journal 41, no. 01 (2015): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1682648515720026.
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A 11-year-old female Koala showed anorexia, lethargy and weakness. Hematology, blood chemistry and urinalysis were non-specific. Computed tomography (CT) revealed ascites and masses within the abdomen, and the volumes of some masses increased 20% during a 10-week period. At necropsy, there was 115 mL of clear ascites, and visceral lesions were located mainly in the spleen and liver. The spleen was diffusely enlarged by infiltrative white firm neoplastic tissue with irregularly protuberant nodules, of 0.2 to 5 cm, that had totally effaced the parenchyma. The liver contained multiple random scattered softer nodules, of 0.2 to 2.0 cm, some of which were protruding. One nodule of < 1 cm was noted on the mesentery. Histologically, the neoplasm was composed of a low cellularity of elongated fusiform cells distributed amongst an abundant collagenous matrix. Tumor cells were stained positive intracytoplasmically for vimentin and negative for α-smooth muscle actin. This fibrosarcoma (FS) likely originated from the spleen, with secondary metastasis to the liver, from which via transcoelomic implantation spread to the diaphragm and mesentery. This is considered a rare report of primary splenic FS in a captive koala.
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Chitrattha, Sasiprapa, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Modifying Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Matrix Film Properties with High Loaded Poly(Ethylene Glycol)." Key Engineering Materials 545 (March 2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.545.57.
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Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymer which has many potential uses. However, PLA shows the poor toughness, slow degradation rate and relatively hydrophobic.Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a plasticizer and of great interest because it presents outstanding properties, e.g. solubility in water and also in some organic solvents, lack of toxicity and absence of antigenicity and immunogenicity, which are essential for biomedical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of high amount PEG 400 to improve the characteristics of PLA matrix film. PLA matrix films were prepared using a solvent casting method and their various properties were investigated. Mechanical properties were determined with texture analyzer. Contact angle and surface free energy were measured using the goniometer. From the mechanical properties evaluated (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E)), all plasticized PLA films exhibited the softer behavior and the plasticized PLA films with150 % PEG 400 indicated the higher % elongation at break than pure PLA, significantly. The contact angle and surface free energy values indicated that PEG 400 could improve the wettability of solventsand also increase % water sorption and % weight loss with as dose dependent.Surprisingly, SEM photographs revealed more porous structure as the higher amount PEG 400 was incorporated in PLA film. This porous structure and density of developed plasticized PLA film could be modified with temperature change technique. Parameters affecting the 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix were revealed in this study. The optimum condition for producing the continuous 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix was obtained. This porous topography in PLA matrix film will be applied further as material in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.
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Mehran, Q. M., A. R. Bushroa, M. A. Fazal, and M. M. Quazi. "Scratch adhesion characteristics of PVD Cr/CrAlN multilayer coating deposited on aerospace AL7075-T6 alloy." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 6 (2015): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2014-0081.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to design and develop a new functional coating system for aerospace AL7075-T6 alloy that would evaluate the mechanical properties of the coating. Design/methodology/approach – This paper outlines the scratch adhesion characterisation of Cr/CrAlN coating using a combination of radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) physical vapour deposition (PVD) magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of the Cr/CrAlN film were evaluated by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) integrated with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The film-to-substrate adhesion was measured by a scratch test machine manufactured with a detection system, motorized stages, penetration depth sensors, optical microscope and tangential frictional load sensors. Findings – The AFM and ultra-micro hardness results showed an increase in surface roughness to about 20 per cent and hardness to about 74 per cent. Moreover, the film-to-substrate adhesion strength of 1,814 mN was obtained with PVD deposition process. Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this work is caused by PVD deposition process. Besides, surface defects such as pinholes contribute to a decrease in adhesion strength. Practical implications – The higher hardness of CrAlN coating is used to improve the properties of softer aluminium substrates. This hardness prevents ploughing-induced wear and provides greater adhesion strength by preventing coating delamination. Originality/value – Until now, CrAlN is coated only on ferrous alloys. It has not yet been tried on aluminium alloys. Moreover, coating functionality depends on higher adhesion and failure mechanisms involved in the film-to-substrate system, which is significant in aerospace applications.
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Chew, C. S., R. Durairaj, A. S. M. A. Haseeb, and B. Beake. "Mechanical properties of interfacial phases between Sn-3.5 Ag solder and Ni-18 at. % W barrier film by nanoindentation." Soldering & Surface Mount Technology 27, no. 2 (2015): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssmt-01-2015-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hardness and elastic modulus on interfacial phases formed between Sn-3.5Ag solder and Ni-18 at. % W alloy film by nanoindentation. It has been found that a ternary amorphous Sn-Ni-W layer formed below Ni3Sn4 IMC at the interface. In this study, mechanical properties of the IMC formed between SA solder and Ni-18 at. % W film after six times reflows were performed by nanoindentation. Design/methodology/approach – The characterization was carried at 25°C, and 100 indents were generated. The elastic modulus and hardness were investigated. Findings – The results showed that hardness of Ni3Sn4 IMC was higher than amorphous Sn-Ni-W phase. A slight bigger indent was observed on the Sn-Ni-W layer compared with that on the Ni3Sn4 IMC. Lower topographical height in the Sn-Ni-W layer indicated that the Sn-Ni-W phase was softer compared with the Ni3Sn4 IMC. The lower hardness and soft Sn-Ni-W phase is significantly related to the amorphous structure that formed through solid-state amorphization. Originality/value – There are no publications about the indentation on the interfacial between the Ni-W layer and the Sn-Ag solder.
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Magar, Sandesh. "A Review on Improvement of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing by using Bio-Lubricant." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (2021): 1052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35162.
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Journal bearings typically consists of metal sleeve that fits around a shaft. The sleeve is held in place within a housing. The journal is simply place on the shaft that is surrounded and supported by the bearing. Journal bearings can be made out of metallic or non-metallic materials such as bronze, aluminium etc. Bearings are generally made out of material that is softer than the metal of the shaft. Journal bearings typically consists of metal sleeve that fits around a shaft. The sleeve is held in place within a housing. The journal is simply place on the shaft that is surrounded and supported by the bearing. Journal bearings can be made out of metallic or non-metallic materials such as bronze, aluminium etc. Bearings are generally made out of material that is softer than the metal of the shaft. Typically, journal bearings are used in various applications such as turbines, compressors, centrifugal pumps etc. The performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing is depend upon the lubrication. Lubrication provides a thin film between internal sliding surfaces of the bearing components to reduce friction. Nowadays crude oil uses increases day by day. Due to depletion of petroleum resources, increasing its price and environmental pollution interest is developed towards the use of economical, environment-friendly lubricants. Bio-lubricants are made from vegetable oils. They are environment-friendly, non-toxic and also having performance benefits such as high viscosity index, high lubricity, high load carrying capacities, rapid biodegradability etc. In this review paper, to improve performance of hydrodynamic journal bearing and also to replace petroleum oil different types of bio-lubricants were examined.
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Cochrane, Laura. "From the Archives: Women's History in Baker Library's Business Manuscripts Collection." Business History Review 74, no. 3 (2000): 465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116435.
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“[O]ur ladies know nothing of the sober certainties which relate to money and they cannot be taught,” wrote Frederic Tudor in 1820, in a sweeping indictment of women's financial abilities that was common for the period. Despite such stereotypes, many women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries participated in commerce, both as merchants and as manufacturers. Because they mainly oversaw small and shortlived concerns, however, their enterprises did not fit into traditional understandings of successful business, either in their own time or later, when the field of business history developed in the twentieth century. As a consequence, when Harvard Business School's Baker Library began amassing business manuscripts, curators generally concentrated on collecting the records of large firms and well-known industrialists. Their big-business bias not only affected what was collected, but also how manuscripts were processed. Search aids and cataloging records did not distinguish materials made by or about women because gender was not a compelling issue for early twentieth-century historians.
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Nolan, Stephen, Eleonore Perrin Massebiaux, and Tomas Gorman. "Saving Jobs, Promoting Democracy: Worker Co-Operatives." Irish Journal of Sociology 21, no. 2 (2013): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijs.21.2.8.
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The article examines transformative alternatives that may offer pathways to a more participative, sustainable and equitable social order. It focuses on one form of alternative, worker-owned co-operatives, and argues this existing form of democratic and economic relations has already proven capacity to generate more equitable socio-economic outcomes and residual social capital. The worker-owned model islocated within an ideological framework that focuses on the inherent democratising principles of their praxis that can in the right circumstances underpin firm strategic foundations for radical social change. It examines the development of worker-owned co-ops in Ireland north and south and the obstacles that need to be overcome to make these a more feasible and common form of economic ownership. Reflecting on the current debate in Ireland it argues such co-ops cannot work effectively without a secure legal framework governing their status and softer supports including entrepreneurship development, leadership training, market research, accessing loan finance and grant aid, inter-cooperative networking and federation building. The article poses workers' co-operatives as sites of political struggle and consciousness, expressed in co-operatives' core values including sovereignty of labour, the subordinate nature of capital, democracy, inter-cooperation and sustainability, and in tangible democratic experiences and transformative praxis.
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Becker, Larissa, Elina Jaakkola, and Aino Halinen. "Toward a goal-oriented view of customer journeys." Journal of Service Management 31, no. 4 (2020): 767–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/josm-11-2019-0329.
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PurposeCustomer experience research predominantly anchors the customer journey on a specific offering, implying an inherently firm-centric perspective. Attending calls for a more customer-centric approach, this study aims to develop a goal-oriented view of customer journeys.Design/methodology/approachThis study interprets the results of a phenomenological study of a transformative journey toward a sober life with the self-regulation model of behavior to advance understanding of customer journeys.FindingsThe consumer's journey toward a higher-order goal encompasses various customer journeys toward subordinate goals, through which consumers engage in iterative cognitive and behavioral processes to adjust or maintain their experienced situation vis-à-vis the goal. Experiences drive behavior toward the goal. It follows that negative experiences may contribute to goal attainment.Research limitations/implicationsThis study highlights the importance of looking at the consumers' higher-order goals to obtain a more holistic understanding of the customer journey.Practical implicationsCompanies and organizations should extend their view beyond the immediate goals of their customers to identify relevant touchpoints and other customer journeys that affect the customer experience.Originality/valueThis study proposes conceptualization of the customer journey, comprising goal-oriented processes at different hierarchical levels, and it demonstrates how positive and negative customer experiences spur behaviors toward the higher-order consumer goal. This conceptualization enables a more customer-centric perspective on journeys.
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Giada Scalera, Vittoria, Debmalya Mukherjee, Alessandra Perri, and Ram Mudambi. "A longitudinal study of MNE innovation: the case of Goodyear." Multinational Business Review 22, no. 3 (2014): 270–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-06-2014-0021.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide insights into the innovation trajectory, and knowledge pipelines of mature industry multinational enterprises (MNEs). The ability to innovate constantly amidst a turbulent and competitive environment is often the key force behind MNE survival and dominance. Design/methodology/approach – This study conducts an in-depth longitudinal study of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, a global manufacturing company in the tire and rubber industry. The findings are based on USPTO patent and trademark data from 1975-2005. Findings – The analysis reveals three crucial trends: the major role of continuous investment in innovation in the firm’s survival and turnaround; the evolution of the firm’s innovation network from a headquarters-centric model toward more geographical dispersal; and the changing mix of innovation from traditional “hard” science-based research toward a greater emphasis on “softer” competencies in design and trademarks. This third trend, in particular, opens up important new avenues for research on MNE innovation practices. Originality/value – This study integrates historical analysis of a single firm in the context of its changing industry environment. The historical analysis is enriched by a detailed longitudinal quantitative analysis using a variegated dataset of patents and trademarks to investigate innovation.
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Kim, Yang-Hee. "Interactions between Japan's “weaponized interdependence” and Korea's responses: “decoupling from Japan” vs. “decoupling from Japanese firms”." International Trade, Politics and Development 5, no. 1 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itpd-11-2020-0082.
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PurposeThis paper aims at exploring the interactions between Japan's export curbs against Korea, dubbed as “weaponized interdependence,” and Korea's decoupling from Japan' phenomenon in response. Thereby, it sheds light on the characteristics of the semiconductor industry, where the two economies' effective division of labor takes place. In addition, it attempts to typology the “decoupling from Japan” into two types. Furthermore, it deals with the political-economic implications of bilateral trade disputes and projects in the future.Design/methodology/approachThis paper segregates the economic concept of “decoupling” into “decoupling from Japan” and “decoupling from Japanese firms” to better analyze the related phenomenon that occurred in Korea in response to the Japanese government's export restrictions in 2019. Along with it, the paper attempts to observe the trade dispute between Korea-Japan from a political-economic point of view.FindingsThe main findings are: First, Korea's decoupling from Japan' does not necessarily mean “decoupling from Japanese firms”. When Korean firms had to decouple from Japan due to non-economic factors, some has circumvented the decoupling to maintain economic ties with Japanese firms in the market, stemming from long-term transaction relationships in the semiconductor industry. Second, the two countries were confronted in a modest manner, even though they seemed to be fighting like a fierce tit-for-tat chicken game as those economies are interdependent with one another. Hence, both put effort to avoid sober damages or disruptive results on two economies and the global semiconductor supply chain.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is to typologize the characteristics of “decoupling from Japan” in Korea by segregating it into two types of decoupling. On the other hand, other previous studies appeal to focus on the decoupling phenomenon per se and are interested in its potential for success.
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Poblete, Myra Ruth S., and Leslie Joy L. Diaz. "Synthesis of Biodegradable Cellulose-Chitin Polymer Blend from Portunus pelagicus." Advanced Materials Research 925 (April 2014): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.379.
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Disposal of petroleum-based plastics has become a major concern due to its resistance to chemical, physical and biological degradation. As such, the production of an alternative biodegradable material from renewable sources is beneficial. This study aims to produce a polymer blend film, of enhanced formability and durability, from cellulose and chitin, the two most abundant naturally-occurring biodegradable polymers in the environment. Chitin was initially extracted fromPortunus pelagicusshells through demineralization and deproteinization. The crude chitin is of comparable crystallinity with the commercially-available. However, other proteins were speculated to be present as indicated by the extra peaks in the XRD profile. This was then followed by the dissolution of the polymer powders in LiCl/DMAc, blending, casting, forming, cold-pressing and drying. The independent variables considered were cellulose-chitin ratio and the forming time. From the results, samples formed after 24 hours are relatively thinner, softer and more flexible. In addition, the best sample with UTS at 27.36 MPa was that of 80:20 cellulose-chitin, while the worst at 14.79 MPa was that of 20:80 cellulose-chitin both formed after 24 hours. ANOVA revealed that neither the main factors nor the interaction significantly affected the measured values. Lastly, thermal and biological degradation tests showed that the film started to degrade at 308°C and supported 4.9 x 103and 3.8 x 104CFU of mold and bacteria, respectively.
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Hanhela, PJ, and DB Paul. "Organic Curing Agents for Polysulfide Sealants. II. Additions of Thiols to Nitrile Oxides: Scope, Relative Reactivities and Application to the Cure of Polysulfide Sealants." Australian Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 8 (1989): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9891257.
Full textAbstract:
Efficient addition between various nitrile oxides and both short (C2) and long chain (C16) alkyl thiols , aliphatic dithiols and aryl thiols occurred rapidly at ambient temperature with the formation of thiohydroximic acid derivatives. Competitive experiments with bis( nitrile oxides) showed that for terephthalonitrile oxide the second addition proceeded more readily than the first whereas with anthracene-9,l0-bis(carbonitrile oxide) elevated temperatures were needed to obtain the diadduct. Relative reactivities of a number of thiols with nitrile oxides were also determined spectroscopically . Reaction between prop-2-ene-1-thiol and p-nitrobenzonitrile oxide afforded products resulting from both cycloaddition and 1,3-addition with the latter predominating. The polysulfide prepolymer LP-2 was cured effectively at ambient temperatures by both terephthalonitrile oxide and 4,4'-sulfonylbisbenzonitrile dioxide at CNO to SH ratios of 1.5 and higher giving tack-free products within 0.5 h and 90% cure in under 4 h. For the less highly cross-linked LP-32-based sealants, curing was a little slower. Unreinforced sealants produced in this manner were firm elastomers with hardness of 35-40 (Rex A). The naphthalenebis (carbonitrile oxides) afforded softer products while anthracene-9,10- bis(carbonitrile oxide) was ineffective. One-part formulations involving in situ generation of nitrile oxide from hydroximoyl chlorides and barium hydroxide (formed by action of water vapour on barium oxide) were also produced.
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Hoghoghifard, Sedigheh, and Hossein Mokhtari. "Improving the microwave absorption in Ni-coated fabrics by saccharin addition in plating bath." Journal of Industrial Textiles 49, no. 3 (2018): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718787525.
Full textAbstract:
Polyester fabrics are coated uniformly by nickel thin film nanostructure with 200 nm thickness by electroless plating method. This study investigates the effect of saccharin as an additive in plating solution, on the morphology, grain size, crystallinity, surface resistivity, and magnetic properties of the coated fabrics which influences the microwave shielding strongly. The morphology changes from spheroid to blade shape with an average grain size of 85 ± 10 nm and the surface resistivity reached to its lowest value in 5 g l−1 saccharin concentration. It has been seen that the crystallinity is modified and the magnetic behavior becomes softer in the presence of the additive. The measurements on microwave shielding effect in 8.2–18 GHz frequency range exhibited 98–90 and 96–85% effective transmission loss (without and with the additive) by flexible and lightweight Ni-coated fabrics. The shielding effect becomes dominated by the absorption mechanism as higher eddy current loss, higher magnetic hysteresis loss, and shape anisotropy along blade shape nanostructure while saccharin is added to plating bath.