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Journal articles on the topic 'Sotho language – Written Sotho'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Kotzé, Petronella M. "Tokenization rules for the disjunctively written verbal segment of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 1 (January 2011): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587360.

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2

Swanepoel, C. F. "Southern Sotho poetry, 1833–1931: Historical and literary aspects of the oral-written interface." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 4 (January 1990): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586856.

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3

Posthumus, L. "Wetenskaplike woordidentifikasie en -klassifikasie in Bantoetale met besondere verwysing na Zoeloe." Literator 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2001): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v22i2.366.

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Scientific word identification and classification in Bantu languages with special reference to Zulu Despite the fact that Van Wyk’s word theory (1958) is the only scientifically justified word theory for Bantu languages, his work has not had the expected impact on the study of Bantu languages (especially the Nguni languages). This is partly due to the fact that his thesis was written in Afrikaans and is inaccessible to many Bantu language scholars. Secondly, this state of affairs is due to the fact that his treatise is highly theoretical and that the principles have not been applied exhaustively to Zulu or any of the other Nguni languages. Lombard et al.’s Northern Sotho grammar of 1985 is the only grammar written totally within the Van Wykian framework. The recognition of a word category “particle (word)” is probably the aspect that has had the most far-reaching consequences for a morphological and syntactical analysis of Bantu languages. The justification for distinguishing a word category “particle word” is examined in this article.

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4

Taljard, E., G. Faaß, U. Heid, and D. J. Prinsloo. "On the development of a tagset for Northern Sotho with special reference to the issue of standardisation." Literator 29, no. 1 (July 25, 2008): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v29i1.103.

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Working with corpora in the South African Bantu languages has up till now been limited to the utilisation of raw corpora. Such corpora, however, have limited functionality. Thus the next logical step in any NLP application is the development of software for automatic tagging of electronic texts. The development of a tagset is one of the first steps in corpus annotation. The authors of this article argue that the design of a tagset cannot be isolated from the purpose of the tagset, or from the place of the tagset and its design within the bigger picture of the architecture of corpus annotation. Usage-related aspects therefore feature prominently in the design of the tagset for Northern Sotho. It is explained why this proposed tagset is biased towards human readability, rather than machine readability; this choice of a stochastic tagger is motivated, and the relationship between tokenising, tagging, morphological analysis and parsing is discussed. In order to account at least to some extent for the morphological complexity of Northern Sotho at the tagging level, a multilevel annotation is opted for: the first level comprising obligatory information and the second optional and recommended information. Finally, aspects of standardisation are considered against the background of reuse, of sharing of resources, and of possible adaptation for use by other disjunctively written South African Bantu languages. It is not the aim of this article to evaluate the results of any tagging procedure using the proposed tagset. It only describes the design and motivates the choices made with regard to the tagset design. However, an evaluation is in process and results will be published in the near future (cf. Faaß et al., s.a.).

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5

Maake, Nhlanhla P. "A survey of trends in the development of African language literatures in South Africa: with specific reference to written Southern Sotho literature c1900–1970s." African Languages and Cultures 5, no. 2 (January 1992): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544169208717753.

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6

SWANEPOEL, C. F., and Jeff Opland. "SOTHO “DITHOKO TSA MARENA”." South African Journal of African Languages 5, sup1 (January 1985): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586641.

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7

Groenewald, P. S. "Die Noord-Sotho ontredder." South African Journal of African Languages 6, no. 1 (January 1986): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1986.10586643.

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8

Groenewald, P. S. "Verhaalkategorieë in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 3 (January 1990): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586840.

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9

Zerbian, Sabine. "Questions in northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 43 (January 1, 2006): 257–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.43.2006.294.

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This article gives an overview of the marking of polar and constituent questions in Northern Sotho, a Bantu language of South Africa. It thereby provides a contribution to the typological investigation of sentence types in the world’s languages. As will be shown, Northern Sotho follows cross-linguistic tendencies in marking interrogative sentences: It uses intonation as main indicator in polar questions and question words as main indicator in constituent questions. Nevertheless, it also shows interesting language-specific variation, e.g. with respect to the location of raised intonation in polar questions, the presence of two pragmatically distinct question particles in polar questions, or a split in the formation of constituent questions based on the grammatical function of the questioned constituent.

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10

Zerbian, Sabine. "Inversion structures in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 24, no. 3 (September 2006): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073610609486425.

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11

L. Mphela, Kgabo, Mphoto J. Mogoboya, and Sekgaila J. Chokoe. "A case for the use of Northern Sotho as an Official Indigenous Language in Capricorn District Municipality, Limpopo Province." African Journal of Gender, Society and Development (formerly Journal of Gender, Information and Development in Africa) 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 265–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2634-3622/2020/v9n4a12.

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This paper strives to make a case for the use of Northern Sotho as an indigenous official language in the post-apartheid South Africa. It contends that though Northern Sotho is constitutionally accorded the status of an official language in the new South Africa, it is marginalised in its practical everyday use as other languages still dominate it. The paper utilised Capricorn District Municipality in Limpopo Province as a case study that is grounded on the Qualitative research approach. It is, furthermore, underpinned by Ethnolinguistic Vitality and Afrocentric theoretical assumptions. Sampled data was collected by interviewing 24 Northern Sotho participants in the Municipality and was thematically analysed through the transcription of those interviews. The findings revealed that Northern Sotho does not enjoy the status that the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) has granted it. It recommends that this constitutional travesty be rectified by implementing the existing Language Policies as it erodes the identity of the marginalised speakers of the language.

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12

Swanepoel, C. F. "Catalogue versification in Southern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 2 (January 1985): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586593.

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13

van Wyk, E. B. "Proclitic bo of Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586681.

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14

Groenewald, P. S. "Noord-Sotho: 'n Genre-indeling." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 4 (January 1987): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586693.

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15

Mischke, Gerda. "Southern Sotho verbal relative constructions." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 4 (January 1998): 106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587198.

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16

Pretorius, W. J. "Adverbial descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 29, no. 1 (January 2009): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2009.10587314.

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17

Zerbian, Sabine. "Expression of information structure in the Bantu language Northern Sotho." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 45 (January 1, 2006): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.45.2006.331.

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Die Hauptthese dieser Dissertation ist, dass Nord-Sotho keinen obligatorischen Gebrauch von grammatischen Mitteln zur Markierung von Fokus macht, weder in der Syntax noch in der Prosodie oder Morphologie. Trotzdem strukturiert diese Sprache eine Äußerung nach informationsstrukturellen Aspekten. Konstituenten, die im Diskurs gegeben sind, werden entweder getilgt, pronominalisiert oder an den rechten oder linken Satzrand versetzt. Diese (morpho-)syntaktischen Prozesse wirken so zusammen, dass die fokussierte Konstituente oft final in ihrem Teilsatz erscheint. Obwohl die finale Position keine designierte Fokusposition ist, ist das Wissen um diese Tendenz doch entscheidend für das Verständnis einer morphologischen Alternation, die in Nord-Sotho am Verb erscheint und die in der Literatur im Zusammenhang mit Fokus diskutiert wurde. Obwohl also ein direkter grammatischer Ausdruck von formaler F(okus)-Markierung im Nord-Sotho fehlt, ist F-Markierung trotzdem entscheidend für die Grammatik dieser Sprache: Fokussierte logische Subjekte können nicht in kanonischer präverbaler Position erscheinen. Sie erscheinen stattdessen entweder postverbal oder in einem Spaltsatz, abhängig von der Valenz des Verbs. Obwohl Nord-Sotho bei Objekten im Gebrauch von Spaltsätzen eine Korrespondenz von komplexer Form mit komplexer Bedeutung zeigt, gilt diese Korrespondenz nicht für logische Subjekte. Die vorliegende Dissertation modelliert die oben genannten Ergebnisse im theoretischen Rahmen der Optimalitätstheorie (OT). Syntaktischer in situ Fokus und die Abwesenheit von prosodischer Fokusmarkierung können mit unkontroversen Beschränkungen erfasst werden. Für die Ungrammatikaliät fokussierter logischer Subjekte in präverbaler Position schlägt die vorliegende Arbeit die Modifizierung einer in der Literatur vorhandenen Beschränkung vor, die in Nord-Sotho von entscheidener Bedeutung ist. Die Form-Bedeutungs-Korrespondenz wird, wie andere Phänomene pragmatischer Arbeitsteilung auch, innerhalb der schwach bidirektionalen Optimalitätstheorie behandelt.

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18

Prinsloo, D. J. "Perspektief op pronominalisasie in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 7, no. 1 (January 1987): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1987.10586680.

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19

Groenewald, P. S. "Versvorm in Noord-Sotho: 1935–1988." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 2 (January 1988): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586748.

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20

Groenewald, P. S. "Poésie in Noord-Sotho vanaf 1935." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586755.

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21

Groenewald, P. S. "Versvorm: Die prysdig in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 3 (January 1989): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586785.

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22

Louwrens, L. J. "Mood and modality in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 10, no. 1 (January 1990): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1990.10586827.

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23

Mischke, Gerda. "Neuter verbal extensions in Southern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 14, no. 2 (January 1994): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587034.

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24

Prinsloo, D. J. "Lemmatization of verbs in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 14, no. 2 (January 1994): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587037.

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25

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "Thoughts on suppletion in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587185.

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26

Kock, J. H. M. "Variation in Northern Sotho adjective constructions." South African Journal of African Languages 20, no. 3 (January 2000): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2000.10587431.

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27

Sepota, Moloko. "The overloading of Northern Sotho prepositions." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 1 (January 2001): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587464.

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28

Mojalefa, M. J. "Classification of Northern Sotho detective stories." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587471.

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29

Mokgale, Makgopa. "Closural strategies in Northern Sotho Novels." South African Journal of African Languages 21, no. 3-4 (January 2001): 410–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2001.10587489.

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30

Suzman, Susan M. "Kay McCormick & R. Mestrie (eds.), Post-Apartheid South Africa. International Journal of the Sociology of Language 136. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1999." Language in Society 30, no. 2 (April 2001): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404501212056.

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In South Africa, the transition from an apartheid regime to a popularly elected government in 1994 made possible wide-ranging changes in power relations in every sphere of human interaction, including language. Under the new political dispensation, there are 11 official languages (listed in order of numbers of speakers): Zulu, Xhosa, Afrikaans, Tswana, North Sotho, English, South Sotho, Tsonga, Swati, Ndebele, and Venda. They replace English and Afrikaans, formerly the 2 official languages.

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31

Prinsloo, Danie J. "Electronic Dictionaries viewed from South Africa." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 34 (March 8, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25798.

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The aim of this article is to evaluate currently available electronic dictionaries from a South African perspective for the eleven ofﬁcial languages of South Africa namely English, Afrikaans and the nine Bantu languages Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Tswana, Tsonga and Venda. A brief discussion of the needs and status quo for English and Afrikaans will be followed by a more detailed discussion of the unique nature and consequent electronic dictionary requirements of the Bantu languages. In the latter category the focus will be on problematic aspects of lemmatisation which can only be solved in the electronic dictionary dimension.

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32

Swanepoel, C. F. "Evolution of genres in Southern-Sotho literature." South African Journal of African Languages 5, no. 3 (January 1985): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1985.10586601.

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33

Kosch, Ingeborg M. "‘Imperfect tense -a’ of Northern Sotho revisited." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 1 (January 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586743.

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34

Posthumus, L. C. "Identifying copulative in Zulu and Southern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 2 (January 1988): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586751.

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35

Prinsloo, D. J. "Taaltipologiese verandering by vraagpartikels in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 4 (January 1988): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586764.

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36

van Wyk, E. B., and Melanie J. Bushney. "Linguistiese eienskappe van spreekwoorde in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 9, no. 3 (January 1989): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1989.10586790.

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37

du Preez, Petronella M. "Die gemarkeerde possessiewe konstruksie in Noord-Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 2 (January 1993): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586961.

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38

Louwrens, L. J. "Northern Sotho colour terms and semantic universals." South African Journal of African Languages 13, no. 4 (January 1993): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1993.10586976.

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39

Lepota, Biki. "Exploring the ‘conditional mood’ in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 2 (January 2002): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587502.

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40

Barnard, Etienne, and Daan Wissing. "Vowel variation in Southern Sotho: an acoustic investigation." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 26, no. 2 (October 2008): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/salals.2008.26.2.6.570.

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41

Msimang, C. T. "Language attitudes and the harmonisation of nguni and sotho." South African Journal of Linguistics 12, sup20 (June 1994): 147–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.1994.9723952.

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42

Barnard, Riëtta. "Relationship between situative and relative in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 8, no. 3 (January 1988): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1988.10586752.

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43

Moeketsi, R. H. "The versatile nature of the Southern Sotho demonstrative." South African Journal of African Languages 14, no. 1 (January 1994): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1994.10587026.

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44

Kock, J. H. M. "The redundancy principle: relative descriptions in Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 17, no. 4 (January 1997): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1997.10587178.

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45

Mischke, Gerda. "The reference status of Southern Sotho predicative nouns." South African Journal of African Languages 18, no. 3 (January 1998): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.1998.10587194.

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46

Visser, Marianna. "The category DP in Xhosa and Northern Sotho." South African Journal of African Languages 22, no. 4 (January 2002): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2002.10587517.

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47

Taljard, Elsabé, and Louis J. Louwrens. "On the modal status of Northern Sotho conditionals." South African Journal of African Languages 23, no. 3 (January 2003): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2003.10587215.

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48

Faaß, Gertrud, and D. J. Prinsloo. "A computational implementation of the Northern Sotho infinitive." South African Journal of African Languages 31, no. 2 (January 2011): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2011.10587371.

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49

Kotzé, Albert E., and Sabine Zerbian. "On the Trigger of Palatalization in the Sotho languages." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 29, no. 1 (January 2008): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall.2008.001.

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50

Zerbian, Sabine, and Etienne Barnard. "Realisations of a single high tone in Northern Sotho." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 27, no. 4 (April 12, 2009): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/salals.2009.27.4.1.1021.

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