Academic literature on the topic 'SOU 2017:30'

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar a constituição da imagem pública do atual deputado federal Jair Bolsonaro a partir das pautas políticas associadas a ele em 30 anos de matérias jornalísticas. Foram utilizadas matérias de 1987 a 2017 veiculadas por dois jornais impressos de alcance nacional: a Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo. Ao longo dos diferentes cargos políticos que ocupou, de que maneira seus posicionamentos dentro do debate político foram sendo apresentados a uma infinidade de leitores? Seria possível percebermos algum tipo de continuidade e/ ou alteração de pautas, indicando – ou não – certa “coerência” política? Quais seriam estes posicionamentos ou pautas? Estas são algumas das questões que animaram este trabalho. Na primeira seção do artigo serão feitas algumas ponderações teórico-metodológicas sobre as fontes utilizadas para a compreensão da natureza e do alcance dos nossos dados. Em seguida, apresentamos as técnicas e os métodos empregados, bem como o processo de coleta e caracterização dos dados. A terceira seção descreve a construção das categorias de análise utilizadas. A quarta e última sessão é composta pelos resultados qualitativos e quantitativos obtidos permeados por reflexões sobre as pautas políticas mais recorrentes nas matérias.

Resumo: O Brasil vive hoje o aprofundamento de uma forte ofensiva neoliberal decorrente de mais uma ruptura institucional em 2016, conduzida pelas elites políticas e econômicas representativas do capital nacional e internacional, com suporte parlamentar, midiático e jurídico que fragilizou o estado democrático de direito e impôs graves retrocessos sociais e econômicos ao povo brasileiro. Nesse contexto, as forças populares e democráticas são desafiadas a intensificar os processos de mobilização social e de disputa eleitoral com o desafio de retomada da democracia e defesa de direitos já conquistados, além de avançar na construção de um projeto nacional popular. O presente artigo pretende contribuir com a análise da recente trajetória da sociedade brasileira, tendo por foco os dilemas e conquistas para enfrentamento das desigualdades sociais, enquanto base para um “projeto social de nação”. Palavras-chave: Conjuntura nacional. Desigualdade social. Projeto popular.Abstract: Brazil lives now deepening the strong neoliberal offensive due to another institutional rupture in 2016, conducted by political and economic elites which are representatives of national and international capital, with parliamentary, mass media and judiciary support, that fragilized the democratic state of law and imposed serious social and economic regressions to Brazilian people. Within this context, popular and democratic forces are challenged to intensify their processes of social mobilization and electoral dispute with the challenge of returning democracy and defending the already acquired rights, in addition to advance building a popular national project. This article is willing to contribute with the recent Brazilian society course analysis, focusing in dilemmas and achievements to fight against social inequalities, while it's a base to a "social project of nation".Keywords: National conjuncture. Social inequality. Popular project. REFERÊNCIAS EBC - Agência Brasil. Superávit é 'positivo' mesmo com queda nas exportações, diz secretário. Publicado em 04/01/2016. Disponível em http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2016-01/superavit-epositivo-mesmo-com-queda-nas-exportacoes-diz-secretarioALVES, Giovanni. Os limites do neodesenvolvimentismo. Blog da Boi Tempo, 22/10/2013. Disponível em https://blogdaboitempo.com.br/2013/10/22/os-limites-doneodesenvolvimentismo/ ARAÚJO, Tânia Bacelar. A PEC 55 (antiga 241), é a máquina brasileira de produzir desigualdade. Instituto Humanitas/Unisinos e Adital, 2016. Disponível em http://www.ihu.unisinos.br/78-noticias/562338-taniabacelar-a-pec-55-antiga-241-e-a-maquina-brasileira-de-produzirdesigualdadeARRETCHE, Marta (org.) Trajetórias das desigualdades: como o Brasil mudou nos últimos cinquenta anos. São Paulo: Unesp, 2015.BIANCHI, Alvaro. O que é um golpe de Estado. Blog Junho, 26 mar. 2016. Disponível em blogjunho.com.br/o-que-e-um-golpe-deestado/BRASIL, República Federativa. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil. Brasília: Senado Federal, 1988.CAMPELLO, Tereza (Coord.). Faces das Desigualdades no Brasil. Um olhar sobre os que ficam para trás. Rio de Janeiro: CLACSO/FLACSO, 2017. CASTELO, Rodrigo. O novo desenvolvimentismo e a decadência ideológica do pensamento econômico brasileiro. Revista Serviço Social e Sociedade, São Paulo, 112, p. 613-636, out./dez. 2012.ESCOBAR, Pepe. O Brasil no epicentro da Guerra Híbrida. Revista Outras Palavras, 30 mar. 2016. Disponível em <https://outraspalavras.net/brasil/o-brasil-no-epicentro-da-guerrahibrida/>FBP - Frente Brasil Popular. Plano Popular de Emergência. São Paulo: FBP, 2017. Disponível em http://frentebrasilpopular.org.br/acao/planopopular-de-emergencia-5b24/FURTADO, Celso. Nordeste: reflexões sobre uma política alternativa de desenvolvimento. Revista de Economia Política, São Paulo, v.4, n.3, p. 5-14, jul.-set.1984.GUIMARÃES, Samuel Pinheiro. Meireles e o Consenso de Washington. Publicado em 31/08/2017. Disponível em: https://jornalggn.com.br/noticia/henrique-meirelles-e-o-consenso-dewashington-por-samuel-pinheiro-guimaraesIBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Síntese de Indicadores Sociais. Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira 2014. Série Estudos e Pesquisas, Informação Demográfica e Socioeconômica número 34. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2014. Disponível em https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv91983 .pdf ________. Síntese de Indicadores Sociais. Uma análise das condições de vida da população brasileira 2017. Série Estudos e Pesquisas, Informação Demográfica e Socioeconômica número 34. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2017. Disponível em https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101459.pdf ________. PNAD Contínua Tri: subutilização da força de trabalho é de 23,6% no 4º tri e fecha 2017 em 23,8%. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2018. Disponível em https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-deimprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/20117-pnad-continua-trisubutilizacao-da-forca-de-trabalho-e-de-23-6-no-4-tri-e-fecha-2017-em23-8.htmlIPEA - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada. Nota Técnica da PNAD 2014 - breves análises. Brasília: IPEA, 2014. http://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/images/stories/ PDFs/nota_tecnica/151230_nota_tecnica_pnad2014.pdfKATZ, Claudio. Neoliberalismo, neodesenvolvimentismo e socialismo. São Paulo: Expressão Popular/Perseu Abramo, 2016.MARQUES, Rosa Maria; ANDRADE, Patrick Rodrigues. Brasil 20032015: balance de una experiencia “popular”. In ESTAY, Jaime (coord.). La Economía Mundial Y América Latina, ante la continuidad de la crisis global. Puebla, Mexico: Clacso e Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 2016. (p. 383 - 404).MERCADANTE, Aloísio. As bases do novo desenvolvimentismo: análise do governo Lula. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas - IE Unicamp, Campinas, 2010.OXFAM Brasil. A distância que nos une. Um retrato das desigualdades brasileiras. Relatório da OXFAM 2017. Disponível em: https://www.oxfam.org.br/sites/default/ files/arquivos/Relatorio_A_distancia_que_nos_une.pdf________. Recompensem o trabalho, não a riqueza. Documento informativo da OXFAM – Janeiro de 2018. Disponível em: https://www.oxfam.org.br/arquivos/ recompensem_o_trabalho_nao_a_riqueza.pdfPOCHMANN, Márcio. Desenvolvimento, trabalho e renda no Brasil: avanços recentes no emprego e na distribuição dos rendimentos. São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo, 2010.SANTOS, Wanderley Guilherme. O Epílogo da conciliação: a supremacia do "eu" sobre o "nós". Revista Insight-Inteligência, ano XX, n. 79, out.-dez. de 2017, p. 31-46. Disponível em: http://insightinteligencia.com.br/pdfs/79.pdf SANTOS, Boaventura de Souza. A democracia brasileira na encruzilhada. Revista Carta Maior, 12/02/2018. Disponível em https://www.cartamaior.com.br/?/Editoria/Politica/A-democraciabrasileira-na-encruzilhada/4/39358SENADO FEDERAL - Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito do Senado Federal destinada a investigar a contabilidade da previdência social (CPIPREV). Relatório Final. Brasília: Senado Federal, 2017.SILVA, Ronalda Barreto. As raízes do neoliberalismo. In: Revista da FAEEBA, Salvador, nº. 15, p. 157-168, jan/jun, 2001.SINGER, Paul. Repartição da renda: pobres e ricos sob o regime militar. 2ª ed. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 1986.SOUZA, Jessé de. A elite do atraso: da escravidão à Lava Jato. Rio de Janeiro: Leya, 2017.TAVARES, Maria da Conceição. Restaurar o Estado é preciso. Revista Insight-Inteligência, ano XX, n. 79, out.-dez. de 2017, p. 201-204. Disponível em: http://insightinteligencia.com.br/pdfs/79.pdf YAZBEK, Maria Carmelita. Pobreza no Brasil contemporâneo e formas de seu enfrentamento. Revista Serv. Soc. Soc., São Paulo, n. 110, p. 288-322, abr./jun. 2012.WILLIAMSON, John e KUCZYN. Pedro-Pablo. Depois do Consenso de Washington: retomando o crescimento e a reforma na América Latina. São Paulo: Editora Saraiva, 2004.

: Objetivando verificar se o uso da sequência didática, envolvendo situações sociais do município de Abaetetuba, torna o ensino e aprendizagem de probabilidade atraente é que se efetivou o presente artigo; parte integrante de uma pesquisa realizada no Mestrado em Educação da Universidade do Estado do Pará. O cabedal metodológico tem seu respaldo na Educação Matemática Critica de Skovsmose (2008) , traduzido por Abreu (2012). Fundamentada em autores como: Passos (2008); Rotuno (2007), Reis (2010), Canaveze (2013); Lima (2013); Vargas (2011); Neves (2015); Souza (2012), entre outros, que justificam um ensino de Matemática propiciador da formação crítica dos alunos, realizou-se, primeiramente, um experimento de validação da sequência didática, a qual construído a partir da contribuição de 5(cinco) alunos do curso de Licenciatura Plena em Matemática de uma Universidade Pública da região. Após tal procedimento, utilizou-se do experimento didático, previamente confeccionado, em turma do 2º ano do Ensino Médio, com 30 (trinta) alunos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, pertencentes a uma escola estadual do município de Abaetetuba/PA. Assim, os resultados do pré e pós-teste apontaram para a necessidade de se trabalhar parte da álgebra básica, atrelada à interpretação de texto, estes em concomitância com o ensino e aprendizagem de probabilidade. Assim, os dados da pesquisa levam a inferir que, tanto na fase da validação quanto na de experimentação didática, as atividades se mostraram estimulantes no que concerne ao fomento da cognição crítica por parte dos alunos, a ponto de revelar um processo de aprendizagem matemática prazeroso e significativo.

Based on the works of Feenberg (2013) and Selwyn (2011; 2014) about the Critical Theory of Technology and the Ideologies of Educational Technology, the aim of this study is to analyse the values of technologies assigned by teachers in the context of in service training. For this, some of their production during the Education in the Digital Culture Latu sensu course was object of a content analyses (BARDIN, 1977). The results show the most prominent values assigned by those teachers towards technology are: 1) Technology as Progress and Efficiency and 2) Technology as Democratic Possibility and Redesign of Education Practices.ResumoO estudo aqui apresentado tem como objetivo analisar os valores atribuídos às tecnologias digitais na prática educativa, a partir da pesquisa nas produções das Narrativas Digitais realizadas no Curso de Especialização Educação na Cultura Digital por educadores da rede pública de Santa Catarina (SC). A partir dos trabalhos de Feenberg (2013) e Selwyn (2011; 2014) acerca da Teoria Crítica da Tecnologia e das ideologias da Tecnologia Educacional, buscou-se, por meio da análise de conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977), identificar quais os valores atribuídos às TDIC nas narrativas digitais produzidas pelos educadores em formação. Os resultados mostram que, neste processo de reflexão, os valores atribuídos pelos professores as TDIC nas práticas pedagógicas, são, em geral, contraditórios, mas podem ser categorizados em duas perspectivas principais: a de 1) Tecnologia como Eficácia e Progresso e 2) Tecnologia como Possibilidade Democrática e Ressignificação das Práticas Educativas. Palavras-chave: Tecnologia, Educação, Valores, Formação de Professores.Keywords: Technology, Education, Values, Teacher Training.ReferencesABBAGNANO, N. Dicionário de filosofia. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2007.ALONSO, K. M. Cultura digital e formação: entre um devir e realidades pungentes. In: CERNY, R. Z.; RAMOS, E. M. F. (Org). Formação de Educadores na Cultura Digital: a construção coletiva de uma proposta. Florianópolis: UFSC - CED – NUP, 2017.BALL, S. J. Sociologia das políticas educacionais e pesquisa crítico-social: uma revisão pessoal das políticas educacionais e da pesquisa em política educacional. Currículo sem Fronteiras, Pelotas, v. 6, n. 2, p. 10-32, jul./dez. 2006. Disponível em: <http://www.curriculosemfronteiras.org/vol6iss2articles/ball.pdf>BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Tradução de Luís Antero Reta e Augusto Pinheiro. Lisboa, Portugal: Ed. 70, 1977.BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. São Paulo: Edições 70, 2011. BELLONI, M. L. O que é mídia-educação. Campinas: Autores Associados, 2001. BELLONI, M. L.; BÉVORT, E.. Mídia-Educação: conceito, história e perspectivas. Educ. Soc. Campinas, vol. 30, n. 109, p. 1081-1102, set./dez. 2009.BOGDAN, R. C.; BIKLEN, S. Investigação qualitativa em educação. Tradução Maria João Alvarez, Sara Bahia dos Santos e Telmo Mourinho Baptista. Porto: Porto Editora, 1994.CERNY, R. Z.; RAMOS, E.M.F. Projeto de criação e desenvolvimento do Curso de Especialização em Educação na Cultura Digital In: CERNY, R. Z. et al. (Org.) Formação de Educadores na Cultura Digital: a construção coletiva de uma proposta. Florianópolis: UFSC - CED – NUP, 2017.FEENBERG, A. A tecnologia pode incorporar valores? A resposta de Marcuse para a questão da época. In: R.T. NEDER (org.), A teoria crítica de Andrew Feenberg: racionalização democrática, poder e tecnologia. Brasília, Observatório do Movimento pela Tecnologia Social na América Latina/CDS, 2010. p. 289-336. Disponível em: <http://www.sfu.ca/~andrewf/portA%20tecnologia%20pode%20incorporar%20valores.htm#_ftn1>. Acesso em: maio de 2018.FREITAS, L. C de. Os reformadores empresariais da educação e a disputa pelo controle do processo pedagógico na escola. Educ. Soc. vol. 35 n.129. Campinas out./dez, p.1085-1114. 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.scielo.br/pdf/es/v35n129/0101-7330-es-35-129-01085.pdf> MARTÍN-BARBERO, Jesús. A comunicação na educação. Tradução de Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes e Dafne Melo. São Paulo: Contexto, 2014.MASON, M. The pirate’s dilemma: How hackers, punk capitalists, graffiti millionaires and other youth movements are remixing our culture and changing our world. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2006.NEDER, R. T. (Org.) – Andrew Feenberg: Racionalização Democrática, Poder e Tecnologia. Brasília: Observatório do Movimento pela Tecnologia Social na América Latina/CDS/UnB/Capes, 2010.SELWYN, N. O que queremos dizer com “educação” e “tecnologia”? In: Education and Tecnology: key issues and debates. Edição para Kindle. Traduzido pela Profa. Dra. Giselle Martins dos Santos Ferreira, Coordenadora do Grupo de Pesquisas TICPE, PPGE/UNESA. 2011. Londres: Bloomsbury, 2011. Disponível em: <https://ticpe.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/neil_selwyn_keyquestions_cap1_trad_pt_final1.pdf> Acesso em: maio 2018.SELWYN, N. A tecnologia educacional como ideologia. In: Distrusting Educational Technology. Edição para Kindle. Traduzido por Profa. Dra. Giselle Martins dos Santos Ferreira, Coordenadora do Grupo de Pesquisas TICPE, PPGE/UNESA. Londres: Routledge, 2014. Disponível em: <https://ticpe.files.wordpress.com/2016/12/neil_selwyn_distrusting_cap2_trad_pt_final.pdf>. Acesso em: maio 2018.SIBILIA, P. Redes ou Paredes: a escola em tempos de dispersão. Rio de Janeiro: Contraponto, 2012.SILVA, G. C. e. O Conceito de ambivalência da Tecnologia e a Educação. In: III Encontro de Filosofia da Educação do Norte e do Nordeste, Recife: PE, v. 1, 2006. p. 1-21. Disponível em: <http://www.pucrs.br/ciencias/viali/tic_literatura/artigos/gildemarkscosta_tra.pdf> Acesso em: maio 2018.SUORANTA, J.; VADEN, T. Wikiworld. London: Pluto Press, 2010.e3833009

The paper presents the results of calculations of colorimetric parameters of LED sources operating at a temperature range from -25oC to 25oC. The chromaticity coordinates and color rendition quality parameters were calculated on the basis of registered spectral distributions of radiation. For individual LED chromaticity shift is illustrated at CIE 1931 x,y diagram with 3 step and 7 step MacAdam ellipses. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. P. Freyssinier, D. Frering, J. Taylor, N. Narendran, and P. Rizzo, Reducing lighting energy use in retail display windows. Sixth International Conference on Solid State Lighting, Proceedings of SPIE 6337, 63371L (2006). CrossRef Aman, M. M., et al., 2013. Analysis of the performance of domestic lighting lamps, Energy Policy, CrossRef E. Elijošiute, J. Balciukevičiute, G. Denafas, Life cycle assessment of; compact fluorescent and incandescent lamps: Comparative analysis. Environ Res. Eng. Manag. 61 (3), pp. 65-72, (2012), CrossRef D. Czyzewski, LED substitutes of conventional incandescent lamps Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 88, No. 11 (2012), CrossRef P. Tabaka, P. Rozga, Assessment of methods of marking LED sources with the power of equivalent light bulb, ulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences, Vol. 65, No. 6, (2017) CrossRef I. Fryc, P. Jakubowski, K. Kołacz, Analysis of optical radiation parameters of compact discharge HID lamps and LED COB modules used for illuminating shop windows, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny,R. 93, No 11, (2017); pp. 186-189, CrossRef T. Kawabata, Y. Ohno; Optical measurements of OLED panels for lighting applications, pp 1176-1186 Jun 2013, Journal of Modern Optics, Vol. 60, 2013 Issue 14 CrossRef W. Żagan, Conditions necessary to replacing the conventional lamps by energy-saving lamps, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 85, No. 5, pp. 100-104, (2009). DirectLink P. Tabaka; Influence of Ambient Temperature on Colour Properties of Low-Pressure Fluorescent Lamps, Light & Engineering, Vol. 23; No. 2; (2015). DirectLink W. R. Ryckaert, et al., Linear LED tubes versus fluorescent lamps: An evaluation. Energy Build. 49, pp. 429-436. CrossRef M. Zalesinska, J. Zablocka, K. Wandachowicz, Evaluation of Selected Parameters of Non-Directional Household Lamps, Conference: 2018 VII. Lighting Conference of the Visegrad Countries (Lumen V4), CrossRef I. Fryc; Measurement techniques of optical LEDs properties performed with compliance conformity with CIE 127:2007 standard, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny R. 85, No. 11, pp. 317-319, (2009) DirectLink IESNA, IES Approved Method: Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources. IES LM-80-08', IES Subcommittee on Solid-State Lighting of the IES Testing Procedures Committee (2018). DirectLink D. B. Judd, Estimation of chromaticity differences and nearest color temperature on the standard 1931 ICI colorimetric coordinate system. J. Opt. Soc. America 26 (11), 421, (1936) CrossRef CIE 177:2007 Colour Rendering of White LED Light Sources DirectLink CIE 13.3-1995 Method of Measuring and Specifying Colour. DirectLink CIE 224:2017 Colour Fidelity Index for accurate scientific use DirectLink CIE 15:2004 Colorimetry. DirectLink D. Mozysrska, M. Wyrwas, I. Fryc, The determination of the LEDs colorimetric parameters, in the range of their operating temperature, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 93, No. 4a, pp. 232-234, (2012). DirectLink J. Kowalska, Analysis of parameters describing the quality of the color rendering of light sources according to the IES TM-30-15 and the CIE 013.3-1995, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 93, No. 6; pp. 50-54, (2017) CrossRef J. Kowalska, I. Fryc, Colour rendition quality of typical fluorescent lamps determined by CIE Colour Fidelity Index and Colour Rendering Index, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 95, No. 7; (2019), pp. 94-97 CrossRef J. Kowalska, Ambiguity and limitations in determining the quality of the color rendering of light sources by index Ra (CIE CRI), Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 93 No. 5, pp. 74-78, (2017) CrossRef I. Fryc, J. Fryc, A. Wasowski, Considerations about determining color rendering of light sources, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 92 No. 2, pp. 218-223, (2016) CrossRef I. Fryc, LED's spectral power distribution under different condition of operating temperature and driving current, Przeglad Elektrotechniczny, R. 86, No. 10, pp. 187-189, (2010). DirectLink A. David, P. Fini, K. Houser et al., Development of the IES method for evaluating the color rendition of light sources, Optics Express; Vol. 23; Issue 12, pp. 15888-15906, (2015). CrossRef K. Houser, M. Mossman, K. Smet et al, Tutorial, Color Rendering and Its Applications in Lighting, LEUKOS; Vol. 12, Issue 1-2; pp. 7-26; (2016). CrossRef

Research activities in the area of photonic liquid crystal fibers carried out over the last 15 years at Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) have been reviewed and current research directions that include metallic nanoparticles doping to enhance electro-optical properties of the photonic liquid crystal fibers are presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesT.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a photonic crystal fiber filled with a low-birefringence liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE, 5518, 232-237 (2004). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S.-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 2181-2183 (2004). CrossRef T.T. Larsen, A. Bjraklev, D.S. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Express, 11, 20, 2589-2596 (2003). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Tunable properties of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opto-Electron. Rev. 13, 2, 59-64 (2005). CrossRef M. Chychłowski, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, "Splay orientation in a capillary", Phot. Lett. Pol. 2, 1, 31-33 (2010). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic liquid crystal fibers — a new challenge for fiber optics and liquid crystals photonics", Opto-Electron. Rev. 14, 4, 329-334 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 985-991 (2006). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Sensing Applications", IEEE Trans. Inst. Meas. 57, 8, 1796-1802 (2008). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, et al., "Multi-Parameter Sensing Based on Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 502: 220-234., (2009). CrossRef T.R. Woliński, Xiao G and Bock WJ Photonics sensing: principle and applications for safety and security monitoring, (New Jersey, Wiley, 147-181, 2012). CrossRef T.R. Woliński et al., "Propagation effects in a polymer-based photonic liquid crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. A 115, 2, 569-574 (2014). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol., 35, 16, 3399-3405 (2017). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Recent Progress in Liquid-Crystal Optical Fibers and Their Applications in Photonics", J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 11, 2516-2526 (2019). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Electric Field Sensing With Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers Based on Micro-Electrodes Systems", J. Lightwave Technol., 33, 2, 2405-2411, (2015). CrossRef S. Ertman et al., "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 8, 1208-1214 (2012). CrossRef K. Mileńko, S. Ertman, T. R. Woliński, "Numerical analysis of birefringence tuning in high index microstructured fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal", Proc. SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, 8794 (2013). CrossRef O. Jaworska and S. Ertman, "Photonic bandgaps in selectively filled photonic crystal fibers", Phot. Lett. Pol., 9, 3, 79-81 (2017). CrossRef I.C. Khoo, S.T.Wu, "Optics and Nonlinear Optics of Liquid Crystals", World Scientific (1993). CrossRef P. Lesiak et al., "Thermal optical nonlinearity in photonic crystal fibers filled with nematic liquid crystals doped with gold nanoparticles", Proc. SPIE 10228, 102280N (2017). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, T. Woliński, "Modeling of light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 2, 3, 107 (2010). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, L-W. Wei, "Assessment on the applicability of finite difference methods to model light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 4, 4, 161 (2012). CrossRef K. Rutkowska, U. Laudyn, P. Jung, "Nonlinear discrete light propagation in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Photon. Lett. Poland 5, 1, 17 (2013). CrossRef M. Murek, K. Rutkowska, "Two laser beams interaction in photonic crystal fibers infiltrated with highly nonlinear materials", Photon. Lett. Poland 6, 2, 74 (2014). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 558, 184-193, (2012). CrossRef M.M. Tefelska et al., "Propagation Effects in Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers with a Complex Structure", Acta Phys. Pol. A, 118, 1259-1261 (2010). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017). CrossRef H. Yoshida et al., "Heavy meson spectroscopy under strong magnetic field", Phys. Rev. E 94, 042703 (2016). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef C.-W. Chen et al., "Random lasing in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Express 20, 23978-23984 (2012). CrossRef C.-H. Lee et al., "Polarization-independent bistable light valve in blue phase liquid crystal filled photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Opt. 52, 4849-4853 (2013). CrossRef D. Poudereux et al., "Infiltration of a photonic crystal fiber with cholesteric liquid crystal and blue phase", Proc. SPIE 9290 (2014). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Optical properties of cubic blue phase liquid crystal in photonic microstructures", Opt. Express 27, 10, 14270-14282 (2019). CrossRef M. Wahle, J. Ebel, D. Wilkes, H.S. Kitzerow, "Asymmetric band gap shift in electrically addressed blue phase photonic crystal fibers", Opt. Express 24, 20, 22718-22729 (2016). CrossRef K. Orzechowski et al., "Investigation of the Kerr effect in a blue phase liquid crystal using a wedge-cell technique", Phot. Lett. Pol. 9, 2, 54-56 (2017). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215 (2018). CrossRef M.M. Sala-Tefelska et al., "The influence of orienting layers on blue phase liquid crystals in rectangular geometries", Phot. Lett. Pol. 10, 4, 100-102 (2018). CrossRef P. G. de Gennes JP. The Physics of Liquid Crystals. (Oxford University Press 1995). CrossRef L.M. Blinov and V.G. Chigrinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, NY: Springer New York 1994). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A.J. Srivastava, V.G. Chigrinov, T.R. Woliński, "Electro-optical properties of photo-aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibres", Liq. Cryst., 46 2, 272-280 (2019). CrossRef V. G. Chigrinov, V. M. Kozenkov, H-S. Kwok. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials (Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 2008). CrossRef M. Schadt et al., "Surface-Induced Parallel Alignment of Liquid Crystals by Linearly Polymerized Photopolymers", Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.31, 2155-2164 (1992). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 4679 (2014). CrossRef D. Budaszewski, et al., "Photo‐aligned photonic ferroelectric liquid crystal fibers", J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 23, 196-201 (2015). CrossRef O. Stamatoiu, J. Mirzaei, X. Feng, T. Hegmann, "Nanoparticles in Liquid Crystals and Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles", Top Curr Chem 318, 331-392 (2012). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Titanium nanoparticles doping of 5CB infiltrated microstructured optical fibers", Photonics Lett. Pol. 8 1, 29-31 (2016). CrossRef A. Siarkowska et al., "Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 8, 2790-2801 (2017). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Nanoparticles-enhanced photonic liquid crystal fibers", J. Mol. Liq. 267, 271-278 (2018). CrossRef D. Budaszewski et al., "Enhanced efficiency of electric field tunability in photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles", Opt. Exp. 27, 10, 14260-14269 (2019). CrossRef

Teores de nutrientes foliares indicam o estado nutricional da planta e auxiliam na recomendação de adubação. Além disso, plantas bem nutridas apresentam um adequado desenvolvimento vegetativo, o que resulta em boa produtividade de frutos. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, avaliar a composição foliar de macro e micronutrientes de pessegueiros em crescimento, cultivados em alta densidade de plantio, submetidos a distintas doses de nitrogênio. O trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado, entre 2012 e 2015. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas segundo fatorial 2 x 4: duas seleções (‘Cascata 1067’ e ‘Cascata 1513’) e quatro doses de N baseadas em valores da comissão de química e fertilidade do solo (0, 30, 60 e 120 kg N ha-1), conduzidas em quatro repetições, constituídas por quatro plantas. Foi avaliada a concentração foliar de macro e micronutrientes nos anos de 2012, 2013 e 2014. A aplicação de N em pomares adensados aumenta o teor do nutriente nas folhas. Os níveis de nitrogênio influenciam o estado nutricional das plantas cultivadas em alta densidade. A adubação nitrogenada até 120 kg ha-1 é insuficiente para manter os teores foliares de N em níveis considerados normais no terceiro ano após o plantio.

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from a cyclohexene ∕ NOx system with various SO2 concentrations under UV light was investigated to study the effects of cyclic alkenes on the atmospheric environment in polluted urban areas. A clear decrease at first and then an increase in the SOA yield was found with increasing SO2 concentrations. The lowest SOA yield was obtained when the initial SO2 concentration was in the range of 30–40 ppb, while higher SOA yield compared to that without SO2 could not be obtained until the initial SO2 concentration was higher than 85 ppb. The decreasing SOA yield might be due to the fact that the promoting effect of acid-catalysed reactions on SOA formation was less important than the inhibiting effect of decreasing OH concentration at low initial SO2 concentrations, caused by the competition reactions of OH with SO2 and cyclohexene. The competitive reaction was an important factor for SOA yield and it should not be neglected in photooxidation reactions. The composition of organic compounds in SOA was measured using several complementary techniques including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ion chromatography (IC), and Exactive Plus Orbitrap mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray interface (ESI). We present new evidence that organosulfates were produced from the photooxidation of cyclohexene in the presence of SO2.

We present the temperature dependent elastic and ultrasonic properties of sodium borohydride. The second and third order elastic constants of NaBH4 have been computed in the temperature range 0-300K using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The sodium borohydride crystallizes into NaCl-type structure. The computed values of second order elastic constants have been applied to evaluate the temperature dependent mechanical properties such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, tetragonal modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Zener anisotropy factor and ultrasonic velocity to predict futuristic information about sodium borohydride. The fracture to toughness ratio (bulk modulus/shear modulus) in sodium borohydride varied from 1.91 to 1.62, which shows its behavioral change from ductile to brittle on increasing the temperature. Then, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters have been computed with the use of elastic constants in the temperature regime 100-300K. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available experimental and theoretical results. [1] A. Amudhavalli, M. Manikandan, A. Jemmy Cinthia, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy and K. Iyakutti, Z. Naturforsch. A 72 (2017) 321. [2] D.Singh, P.K.Yadawa and S.K.Sahu, Cryogenics 50 (2010) 476. [3] V. Bhalla, D.Singh and S.K.Jain, Int. J. Comput. Mat. Sc. Eng. 5 (2016) 1650012. [4] S. Kaushik, D. Singh and G. Mishra, Asian J. Chem. 24 (2012) 5655. [5] D. Chernyshov, A. Bosak, V. Dmitriev, Y. Filmchuk and H. Hagemann, Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008)172104. [6] H. Hagemann, S. Gomes, G. Renaudin and K. Yvon, J. Alloys Compd. 363 (2004) 126. [7] Y. Filinchuk, D. Chernyshov and V. Dmitriev, Z. Kristallogr. 223 (2008) 649. [8] Z.Xiao Dong, J.Z. Yi, Z. Bo, H. Z. Feng and H.Y. Qing, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(2011)076201. [9] T. Ghellab, Z. Charifi, H. Baaziz, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur and F. Soyalp, Phys. Scr. 91 (2016) 045804. [10] S. Bae, S. Gim, H. Kim and K. Hanna, Appl. Catal. B: Environm. 182 (2016) 541. [11] G. Renaudin, S. Gomes, H. Hagemann, L. Keller and K. Yvon, J Alloys Compd. 375 (2004) 98. [12] P. Vajeeston, P. Ravindran, A. Kjekshus and H. Fjellvåg, J Alloys Compd. 387 (2005) 97. [13] S. Orimo, Y. Nakamori, J.R. Eliseo, A. Zuttel and C. M. Jensen, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 4111. [14] A. Istek and E. Gonteki, J. Environ. Bio.7 (2009) 951. [15] R. S. Kumar and A.L. Cornelinus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 261916. [16] E. Kim, R. Kumar, P. F. Weck, A. L. Cornelius, M. Nicol, S. C. Vogel, J. Zhang, M. Hartl, A.C. Stowe, L. Daemen and Y. Zhao, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. B 111 (2007) 13873. [17] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev. 133 (1964) A1611. [18] P.B. Ghate, Phy. Rev. 139 (1965) A1666 [19] S. Mori, Y. Hiki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 45 (1975) 1449. [20] V. Bhalla, R. Kumar, C. Tripathy and D. Singh, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27 (2013) 1350116. [21] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S. Tripathi, V. Bhalla and A. K. Gupta, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2014) 485. [22] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev.137 (1965) 1826. [23] W. P. Mason, Physical Acoustics, vol. IIIB, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [24] M.P. Tosi, Solid State Physics, vol. 12, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [25] Y. Nakamori and S. Orimo, J. Alloy Compd.370(2004)271. [26] D. Singh, D.K. Pandey and P.K. Yadawa, Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 7 (2009) 198. [27] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, G. Mishra and M. Wan, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 38 (2016)23. [28] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S.K. Pandey, G. Mishra and V. Bhalla, VNU J. Sc.: Math. Phys. 32(2016)43. [29] J.P.Watt and L. Peselnick, J.Appl. Phys. 51 (1980) 1525. [30] S.F.Pugh, Philos.Mag. 45 (1954) 823. [31] V. Bhalla, D. Singh and S.K. Jain, Int. J. Thermophys. 37(2016)33. [32] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, S.K. Jain and R. Kumar, Pramana- J. Phys. 86 (2016)135.

The article presents studies that discuss the relationship between the teaching work of preschool teachers and their health. Research was carried out in three different places: from 2010 to 2017 in the databases of the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brazil), from 2000 to 2017 in the Portal da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação - ANPEd (Portal of the National Association of Postgraduate and Research in Education) and from 2000 to 2017 at the Banco de Teses da Capes/MEC- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Ministério da Educação (Capes Bank of Theses/MEC - Coordination of Improvement of Higher Personnel Education / Ministry of Education). In the "article search" field, we used the descriptors (isolated and associated): "illness", "teacher" and "early childhood education", and later added "sickness". Search was carried out in "general" and "summary" fields. Among these papers, theses and dissertations were found 17 papers that analysed the relationship between the sickness of the preschool teachers and their work, it was shown that this relatively new group of teachers who are still constructing their professional identity, is still poorly studied although it presents itself as a risk group for illness, so more studies are needed to identify problems and seek solutions.ResumoO artigo apresenta estudos que abordam a relação do trabalho docente das professoras de educação infantil com a sua saúde. Pesquisou-se nas bases – Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO Brasil) o período de 2010 até 2017, no Portal da Associação Nacional de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa em Educação (ANPEd) o período de 2000 a 2017 e no Banco de Teses da Capes/MEC – Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Ministério da Educação (de 2000 a 2017). No campo “pesquisa de artigos”, utilizamos os descritores (isolados e associados): “doença”, “professora” e “educação infantil”, posteriormente acrescentou-se “adoecimento”. Pesquisou-se nos campos em “geral” e “resumo”. Entre artigos, teses e dissertações encontrou-se 17 trabalhos que analisavam a relação do adoecimento das professoras de educação infantil com seu trabalho. Constatou-se que esse grupo de professoras, por ser relativamente novo e por estar em construção a sua identidade profissional, ainda é pouco estudado, embora apresente-se como grupo de risco para adoecimento, portanto mais estudos são necessários para identificar problemas e buscar soluções. ResumenEl artículo presenta estudios que abordan la relación del trabajo docente de las profesoras de educación infantil con su salud. La investigación se realizó en el portal de la Asociación Nacional de Postgrado e Investigación en Educación (ANPEd), en el período de 2000 a 2017 y en el Banco de Tesis de la Capes/MEC – Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior/Ministerio de Educación (de 2000 a 2017). En el campo "investigación de artículos", utilizamos los descriptores (aislados y asociados): "enfermedad", "profesora" y "educación infantil", posteriormente se añadió “enfermarse”. Se ha investigado en los campos en "general" y "resumen". Entre los artículos, tesis y disertaciones se encontraron 17 trabajos que analizaban la relación de la enfermedad de las profesoras de educación infantil con su trabajo, se constató que ese grupo de profesoras por ser un grupo relativamente nuevo, por estar en construcción de su identidad profesional, todavía es poco estudiado, aunque se presenta como grupo de riesgo para enfermarse, por lo que más estudios son necesarios para identificar problemas y buscar soluciones.Keywords: Early childhood education, Teachers, Health, Job.Palavras chave: Educação infantil, Professores, Saúde, Trabalho.Palabras clave: Educación infantil, Profesores, Salud, Trabajo.ReferencesARANDA, S. M. Um olhar implicado sobre o mal-estar docente. 2007. 149f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre. 2007.ARAÚJO, T. M. et al. Saúde e trabalho docente: dando visibilidade aos processos de desgaste e adoecimento docente a partir da construção de uma rede de produção coletiva. Educação em Revista, Belo Horizonte, n. 37, p. 183-212, jul. 2003.ARAÚJO, T.; CARVALHO, F. M. Condições de trabalho docente e saúde na Bahia: estudos epidemiológicos. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, vol. 30, n. 107, p. 427-449, maio/ago. 2009. Disponível em http://www.cedes.unicamp.br. Acesso em 10 de abr. 2017.ASSIS, M. S. Ama, guardiã, crecheira, pajem, auxiliar... em busca da profissionalização do educador da educação infantil. In: ANGOTTI, M. (Org.). Educação Infantil: da condição de direito a condição de qualidade no atendimento. Editora Alínea: São Paulo, Campinas, 2009, p. 37-50.BERALDO, K. E. A. Educadoras de creche: percepção de motivos de satisfação, de insatisfação e de estresse vinculados ao desempenho profissional. 2006. 200f. Tese. (Doutorado em Psicologia) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2006.BRANQUINHO, N. das G. S. Qualidade de vida no trabalho e vivências de bem-estar e mal-estar em professores da rede pública municipal de Unaí/MG. 2010. 117 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2010.BRASIL. Decreto-Lei 9.694 de 20 de dezembro de 1996. Estabelece as diretrizes e bases da educação nacional. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/arquivos/pdf/ldb.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2017.BRASIL. Resolução CNE/CP nº 1, de 15 de maio de 2006. Institui Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Graduação em Pedagogia, licenciatura. Disponível em: <http://portal.mec.gov.br/arqui­vos/pdf/ldb.pdf>. Acesso em: 27 jun. 2017.CARNEIRO, N. Estresse ocupacional do gestor escolar na educação infantil. 2017. 102 páginas. Dissertação (mestrado em Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, 2017.CORTEZ, P.; SOUZA, M. V.; AMARAL, L. O.; SILVA, L. A saúde docente no trabalho: apontamentos a partir da literatura recente. Cadernos de Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.25, n. 1, p.113-122, jan./mar., 2017.DEFINA-IQUEDA, A. P. Auto percepção da voz e interferências de problemas vocais: um estudo com professores da rede municipal de Ribeirão Preto/SP. 2006. 165f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2006.ESTEVE, J. S. O mal-estar docente. Bauru, São Paulo: EDUSC, 1999.LEHMANN, B. A. et al. Trabalho e Saúde das Professoras da educação infantil das escolas públicas municipais da região sul do Rio Grande do Sul – Caderno online Issuu.com/trabalhodocenteesaude. Acesso em 10 de abril de 2017.MARTINS, L. Maria. Educação Infantil: assumindo desafios. In: SILVA, A.; SANTOS, B. R.; SEQUEIRA, C. H. (orgs). Infância e adolescência em perspectiva. São Vicente, SP, Prefeitura Municipal de São Vicente, 2006, v. I, p. 66-76.MARTINS, M. de F.; VIEIRA, J.; FEIJÓ J.; GONÇALVES, V. B. O trabalho das docentes da Educação Infantil e o mal-estar docente: o impacto dos aspectos psicossociais no adoecimento. Cadernos de Psicologia Social do Trabalho, São Paulo, v.17, n.2, p. 281-289, 2014.PINTO, M. de F. N.; DUARTE, A. M. C.; VIEIRA, L. M. F.. O trabalho docente na educação infantil pública em Belo Horizonte. Rev. Bras. Educ. [online]. 2012, vol.17, n.51, pp.611-626. ISSN 1413-2478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-24782012000300007PURIN, P. C. O trabalho na rede municipal de Cidreira/RS: limites e possibilidades de uma práxis emancipadora. 2011. 69f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) ? Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2011.ROMANOWSKI, J. P.; ENS, R. T. As pesquisas denominadas de tipo “estado da arte” em educação. Diálogo Educacional, Curitiba, v.6, n.9, p.37-50, set./dez. 2006. Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=189116275004. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2017.SANTOS, M. N.; MARQUES, A. Condições de saúde, estilo de vida e características de trabalho de professores de uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.18, n3, p.837-846, mar., 2013.SILVA, L. G.; SILVA M. C. Condições de trabalho e saúde de professores pré-escolares da rede pública de ensino de Pelotas, RS, Brasil. Ciência e Saúde Coletiva, Rio de Janeiro, v.18, n.11, 3137-3146, nov. 2013.SILVEIRA, L.; MEIRELES, J.; ESLABÃO, L.; VIEIRA, J.; MARTINS M. de F. Mal-Estar docente e absenteísmo: uma relação de trabalho e saúde das professoras de Educação Infantil. Revista Latino-Americana de Estudos em Cultura e Sociedade, v.1, p. 01-07, 2015.SOLIMÕES, A. C. Impacto na precarização do trabalho sobre a saúde das docentes. 2015. 157p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Instituto de Ciências da Educação Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação). Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, 2015.SOUZA, A.; LEITE, M. P. Condições de trabalho e suas repercussões na saúde dos professores da educação básica no Brasil. Educação & Sociedade, Campinas, v.32, n.117, p. 1105-1121, out./dec. 2011.VIEIRA, J.; GONÇALVES, V. B.; MARTINS, M. de F. D. Trabalho docente e saúde das professoras de Educação Infantil de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Trabalho, Educação e Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, v. 14 n. 2, p. 559-574, maio/ago. 2016.VIEIRA, J.; MARTINS, M.de F. D. Educação básica e saúde do professorado: efeitos dos descuidos das políticas educacionais. Diálogo crítico-educativo, Pelotas, Vlll, p. 157-170, 2017.VIEIRA, L. F.; OLIVEIRA, T. G. As condições do trabalho docente na educação infantil no Brasil: alguns resultados de pesquisa (2002-2012) Revista Educação em Questão, Natal, v. 46, n. 32, p. 131-154 maio/ago., 2013.ZENARI, M. S.; BITAR, M.; NEMR Nair. Efeito do ruído na voz de educadoras de instituições de educação infantil. Revista de Saúde Pública, São Paulo, v.46, n.4, p. 657-664, ago. 2012.

Som EU-medlem är Sverige förpliktade att följa de direktiv och regler som finns inom unionen. Sverige har dock brustit i tillämpningen av unionens regler på spelområdet och spelmonopolet har fått utstå både nationell och internationell kritik. I mars 2017 utkom Spellicensutredningens En omreglerad spelmarknad (SOU 2017:30). Utredningen föreslår att det kritiserade spelmonopolet byts ut mot ett spellicenssystem. Licenssystemet anses bättre kunna tillgodose behoven på en alltmer digitaliserad marknad, samt de krav EU-rätten ställer på den fria rörligheten. Vi vill med denna uppsats belysa för- och nackdelarna med det nya lagförslaget i förhållande till gällande rätt. Därutöver vill vi undersöka om lagförslaget är förenligt med EU-rättens krav på handelsbegränsande åtgärder. Vi tar avstamp i en framställning av gällande svensk spellagstiftning. I korthet är lotterilagen en förbudslagstiftning, men regeringen har givits möjligheten att bevilja tillstånd till statliga spelaktörer som har i uppdrag att tillhandahålla spel på ett säkert och sunt sätt. I gällande rätt påvisar vi vissa brister, såsom ineffektiva marknadsförings- och sanktionsregler. Vidare undersöker vi Spellicensutredningens lagförslag. Vi kan konstatera att lagförslaget är en noggrann och gedigen utredning som strävar efter att täppa till de luckor som finns i gällande rätt. Alla bristfälligheter i gällande rätt har emellertid inte åtgärdats. Vår analys av lagförslaget får oss därför att ifrågasätta huruvida lagförslaget i realiteten kommer tillrätta med de problem vi identifierat med gällande rätt. Slutligen undersöker vi hur stort utrymme EU:s medlemsländer har att införa begränsande åtgärder på spelområdet inom EU-rättens ramar. Förutom att medlemsländerna har att följa fördragsbestämmelserna som reglerar den fria rörligheten av tjänster, är de också bundna vid EU-domstolens praxis på spelområdet. EU-domstolen har utarbetat vissa principer om det underliggande syftet till begränsande åtgärder, vilka vi undersöker i förhållande till Spellicensutredningens lagförslag. Sammantaget kan vi göra gällande att förslaget i det stora hela är förenligt med vad EU-domstolen i tidigare praxis ställt sig positiv till. I en analys av förslagets enskilda bestämmelser, visar vissa åtgärder dock tecken på att gå utöver vad som är nödvändigt för att tillgodose målsättningarna.

Dans « La littérature franco-ontarienne à la recherche d’une nouvelle voie : enjeux du particularisme et de l’universalisme » (2002), Lucie Hotte signale que les artistes francophones minoritaires, ayant longtemps puisé dans l’esthétique particulariste, optent maintenant pour une esthétique de l’univeralisme. Jane Moss confirme l’hypothèse de Hotte dans son article, « Francophone Theatre in Western Canada : Dramatic Tales of Disappearing Francophones » (2009). Moss observe qu’au sein du théâtre francophone dans l’Ouest canadien s’opère une transition quant à la représentation de l’identité francophone minoritaire vers un courant postmoderne où les dramaturges, mettant de côté les récits mémoriels nostalgiques, se penchent plutôt sur des thématiques plus universelles. Tout de même, le questionnement identitaire demeure latent à travers ces pièces. Par ailleurs, dans La distance habitée (2003) François Paré remarque que les énonciateurs minoritaires retiennent souvent une mémoire de migration et d’itinérance; que cette distance métaphorique les « habite »; et qu’ils se voient constamment forcés de négocier cette « distance » entre eux et la communauté majoritaire où ils vivent. Partant du constat du Moss, ce mémoire analyse l’énonciation de trois personnages/énonciateurs dans trois monologues fransaskois contemporains, soit Il était une fois Delmas, Sask... mais pas deux fois! d’André Roy, Elephant Wake de Joey Tremblay et Rearview de Gilles Poulin-Denis. Nous examinerons leur identité complexe, riche et problématique. Pour analyser l’énonciation de chacun des personnages, nous nous appuyons sur l’analyse de discours telle que développée par Dominique Maingueneau. Ce faisant, nous visons à combler une lacune importante dans la recherche sur le théâtre fransaskois.

El vocablo ‘estrés’, etimológicamente tiene su origen en el término inglés stress, que significa ‘tensión’ o ‘presión’ y ha sido utilizado para describir una gran variedad de estados patológicos, lo que lo ha convertido en un concepto demasiado amplio y ambiguo. En este sentido, el estrés se puede entender como una “sobrecarga de tensión generada por situaciones agobiantes o presiones intensas” (Martínez-Otero, 2012, p. 1). También se puede hablar de una respuesta biológica o psicológica ante los estresores que devienen de las exigencias del entorno, propias de cada momento del desarrollo humano (Orlandini, 2008). Es importante mencionar que, en el presente estudio, el estrés ha sido entendido desde la concepción de estímulo; es decir, a la exposición a circunstancias o acontecimientos externos designados como estresores, que se constituyen como sucesos generadores de sobrecargas y respuestas biológicas y psicológicas adversas (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández-Baena, Escobar y Maldonado, 2011). Dichos estresores se clasifican en: “acontecimientos vitales, crónicos y cotidianos” (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández, Escobar y Maldonado, 2012, p. 30). Así, la dirección de las investigaciones, ha dado importancia a “los acontecimientos diarios o sucesos cotidianos que podrían predecir el estrés, tanto o más que las cuestiones extraordinarias” (Oros y Vogel, 2005, p. 87). De ahí que, este trabajo se encaminó al estudio del estrés de tipo cotidiano en la etapa infantil, el cual está integrado por reacciones a nivel biológico y psicológico que son generadas por ciertas “demandas frustrantes e irritantes que se producen en la interacción diaria con el entorno” (Trianes, Blanca, Fernández-Baena, Escobar y Maldonado, 2014, p. 32), que no son susceptibles de control por parte del niño, y que alteran su equilibrio general. Hay que decir que, las consecuencias del estrés en los más pequeños son múltiples, en especial cuando el problema es crónico (Ruiz Lázaro, 2016) y que no son únicamente a largo plazo (en la adolescencia y la edad adulta), sino que repercuten en la salud y en el bienestar de los niños, casi de manera inmediata (Pérez-Padilla y Menéndez, 2016; Quijada, 2013; Orlandini, 2012).

El concepto mindfulness no tiene una traducción exacta al español. Su significado está próximo a las expresiones: atención plena, presencia mental, plena consciencia y conciencia abierta (Almansa et al., 2014). Por su parte, Kabat Zinn (1990) define al mindfulness como la capacidad inherente del ser humano de ser consciente plenamente del momento presente. Se ha reconocido que esta técnica permite “incrementar la conciencia y responder hábilmente a los procesos mentales que contribuyen al distrés emocional y al comportamiento desadaptativo” (Parra, Montañés, Montañés y Bartolomé, 2012, p.30). Es así como, desde que Jon Kabat-Zinn introdujo la práctica del mindfulness en la medicina occidental en los años 70, se han realizado alrededor del mundo importantes estudios que evidencian sus bondades en el proceso educativo. Estos beneficios se pueden agrupar en tres áreas (Shapiro, Brown y Astin, 2011): a) Rendimiento académico. Tiene efectos positivos sobre determinadas habilidades cognitivas como la de concentrar la atención sobre tareas específicas y el procesamiento más rápido y eficaz de la información. b) Salud mental y bienestar psicológico. Desde el inicio de su aplicación se ha demostrado su efectividad en la reducción de los niveles de ansiedad, estrés y depresión. En la escuela, estos efectos se presentan tanto en estudiantes como en profesores. c) Desarrollo integral y holístico de la persona. Se ha establecido que el mindfulness propicia la creatividad, las relaciones sociales positivas, la compasión y la empatía, lo que aporta para generar una educación equilibrada, en donde además de las habilidades académicas, los niños aprenden habilidades individuales y sociales.

The purpose of this book is based on the principles of precaution and solidarity. Its main objective is to contribute to the activities of prevention, preparedness and response to environmental accidents in port areas, from the ecosystem point of view. Studies on risk perception surveys, on causes and consequences of accidents, and about people´s behavior during these accidents, are useful to enrich risk management programs, and emergency plans. This content was elaborated based on the postgraduate studies in Environmental Sciences at USP/SP, and the post-doctorate in Psychology at PUC/SP. All of them involved analysis of environmental accidents in port areas of São Sebastião and Santos (SP), and risk perception surveys. Adds to this the author's 30-year experience at the environmental agency of São Paulo state (1988/2018). This book comments on 60 accidents, technological and/or influenced by natural phenomena, in the Brazilian ports and abroad, from 1900/2019. There were highlighted topics such as: people´s reactions in dangerous situations, social and environmental consequences, risk perception of effects on human health, and oily fauna, among others. The work concludes that people which are very curious, opportunistic and reckless can amplify the consequences of these episodes. It highlights that cautious, supportive and altruistic people help to minimize them, when they act with knowledge, discernment and goodwill. The investments in prevention and preparedness have helped to reduce the number of accidents and it´s severity, so they should have continuity, in an effort that catastrophic situations do not repeat.

Chapter 6 examines changes in political participation among voters, focusing on a key indicator in the study of democracies: electoral turnout. Data on state election outcomes between 1974 and 2007 show that turnout plummeted in the first election after constituencies became reserved in the 1970s. Gradually, there was a narrowing gap in voter turnout between SC-reserved and nonreserved constituencies, but after more than 30 years there was still a difference of several percentage points. Exploring the reasons, the chapter shows that this variation in political participation it was not mainly due to caste bias, or feelings of being disempowered, but rather because of the weaker networks and mobilizational capacity of SC politicians. As the political experience and mobilizational capacity of SC politicians has increased, so has voter turnout.

In 2014, an estimated 1.9 billion adults worldwide were either overweight (BMI 25–29.9) or obese (BMI ≥30). The so-called obesity epidemic began in high-income, English-speaking countries in the early 1970s, but soon spread globally; more than one-third (38%) of all adults and 600,000 children under age five are overweight or obese, as are two-thirds (69%) of adults in the United States. Excessive body fat is a major cause of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular and liver disease, among other disorders, and has been designated a definite cause of at least fourteen cancer sites: breast (postmenopausal), colorectum, endometrium, esophagus (adenocarcinoma), gallbladder, kidney (renal cell), pancreas, gastric cardia, liver, ovary, prostate (advanced tumors), multiple myeloma, thyroid, and meningioma. Mechanisms by which adipose tissue are thought to promote tumor growth include the endocrine and metabolic effects of fat on sex hormones, growth factors, and inflammation, as well as local chemical or mechanical injury of gastrointestinal organs.

Vom 28. bis 30. März 2019 befasste sich das an der rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Hamburg und an der Bucerius Law School abgehaltene 7. Symposium des Jungen Strafrechts mit dem Querschnittsthema „Verletzte im Strafrecht“. Die Spanne der nun vorliegenden Tagungsbeiträge reicht von einer grundlegenden Untersuchung der strafrechtsdogmatischen Stellung des Verletzen über Fragen aus dem allgemeinen Teil des Strafrechts, etwa das Verhältnis von subjektiven Tätervorstellungen und objektivem Opferschutz bei Rücktritt und tätiger Reue betreffend, bis hin zu prozessrechtlichen Themen wie zum Beispiel der Opferbeteiligung bei Verfahren vor dem Internationalen Strafgerichtshof, der Akteneinsicht des Verletzten sowie der Beteiligung des Verletzten bei den praktisch so bedeutsamen verfahrensbeendenden Absprachen. Zudem hat Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Jan Philipp Reemtsma dem Band seinen auf dem Symposium gehaltenen Eröffnungsvortrag zum Thema „Täterstrafrecht und der Anspruch des Opfers auf Beachtung“ beigegeben. Mit Beiträgen von Dr. Oliver Harry Gerson, Dr. Philipp-Alexander Hirsch, Dr. Amina Hoppe, Dr. Constantin Lauterwein, Dr. Gurgen Petrossian, Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Jan Philipp Reemtsma, Dr. Felix Ruppert, Pauline Schmitt, Dr. Lukas Staffler, Dr. Georgia Stefanopoulou

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

Shuichi Nakamura of the Nagoya Institute of Technology reduced (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2249) the α-oxo ester 1 to 2 with high ee. Günter Helmchen of the Universität-Heidelberg optimized (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2072) the Ir*-catalyzed rearrangement of 3 to the allylic alcohol 4. D. Tyler McQuade of Florida State University effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2410) the enantioselective allylic substitution of 5 to give the secondary allyl boronate, which was then oxidized to 6. Kazuaki Kudo of the University of Tokyo developed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3498) the tandem oxidation of the aldehyde 7 to the α-alkoxy acid 8. Takashi Ooi of Nagoya University prepared (Synlett 2011, 1265) the secondary amine 10 by the enantioselective addition of an aniline to the nitroalkene 9. Yixin Lu of the National University of Singapore assembled (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 2638) the α-quaternary amine 13 by the addition of the aldehyde 11 to the azodicarboxylate 10. Chan-Mo Yu of Sungkyunkwan University added (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 3811) the enantiomerically pure 2-borylbutadiene 15 to the aldehyde 14 to give 16 in high ee. Because the allene is readily dragged out to the terminal alkyne, this is also a protocol for the enantioselective homopropargylation of an aldehyde. Lin Pu of the University of Virginia devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2368) a protocol for the enantioselective addition of 17 to the aldehyde 18 to give 19. Xiaoming Feng of Sichuan University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 2573) a Mg catalyst for the enantioselective addition of 21 to the α-oxo ester 20. Tomonori Misaka and Takashi Sugimura of the University of Hyogo added (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5695) 23 to 24 to give the Z-amide 25 in high ee. Marc L. Snapper and Amir H. Hoveyda of Boston College developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 3332) a Cu catalyst for the enantioselective allylation of the imine 26. Jonathan Clayden of the University of Manchester effected (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5442) the enantioselective rearrangement of the amide 29 to the α-quaternary amine 30.

Masahito Ochiai developed (Org. Highlights, March 24, 2008) the iodosobenzene-mediated cleavage of alkenes to keto aldehydes. Thottumkara K. Vinod of Western Illinois University described (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5640) a modified protocol that delivered the keto acid 2. Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13229) a method for the preparative scale Fe-catalyzed cis dihydroxylation of an alkene 3. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University devised (Synlett 2010, 2014) a practical procedure for the free radical addition of HBr to an alkene 5. Tetsuo Ohta of Doshisha University showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2806) that a Ru catalyst could add an aromatic acid to the internal carbon of a terminal alkene 7. Noriki Kutsumura and Takao Saito of the Tokyo University of Science found (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3316) conditions for bromination/dehydrobromination to convert 10 to 11. Tsuyoshi Taniguchi of Kanazawa University oxidized (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 8126) the alkene 12 to the nitro alkene 13. Professor Taniguchi added (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 10154) methyl carbazate to 14 to give the β-hydroxy ester 15. Philippe Renaud of the University of Bern effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17511) the free radical homologation of 16 to the azide 18. Daniel P. Becker of Loyola University described (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 3514) the elegant diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed bis-methoxycarbonylation of 19 to the diester 20. Matthew S. Sigman of the University of Utah established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13981) the oxidative Heck arylation of 21 to 23. F. Dean Toste of the University of California, Berkeley, found (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4728) that the intermediate in the gold-catalyzed alkoxylation of 24 could couple to an aryl silane 25 to give 26. Chun-Yu Ho of the Chinese University of Hong Kong used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9182) a Ni catalyst to add styrene 27 to the alkene 24. Masahiro Miura of Osaka University effected (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5421) the oxidative coupling of 29 with styrene 27 to give the linear product 30.

Troels Skrydstrup of Aarhus University devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4681) a gold-catalyzed protocol for the condensation of 1 with 2 to deliver the furan 3. Thomas A. Moss of AstraZeneca Mereside found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 3056) that readily-available α-chloroaldehydes such as 4 could be combined with 5 to make the furan 6. This same approach can be used to assemble pyrroles. Yong-Qiang Tu and Shao-Hua Wang of Lanzhou University developed (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 4167) a Pd-cascade cyclization that transformed the ester 7 into the pyrrole 8. Cheol-Min Park of the Nanyang Technological University rearranged (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 3996; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4104) the oxime ether 10 to the pyrrole 11. Glenn C. Micalizio of Scripps/Florida established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 1352) a Ti-mediated coupling of 12 with an aromatic aldehyde to deliver the pyridine 13. Yoichiro Kuninobu, now at the University of Tokyo, and Kazuhiko Takai of Okayama University observed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3182) high regioselectivity in the Re-mediated condensation of 14 with 15 to give the pyridine 16. Douglas M. Mans of GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, cyclized (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1604) the amide 17 to the oxazole (not illustrated), leading, after intramolecular 4+2 cycloaddition, to the pyridine 18. Karl Hemming of the University of Huddersfield combined (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 126) the cyclopropenone 20 with the imine 19 to construct the pyridine 21. Shu-Jiang Tu of Xuzhou University and Guigen Li of Texas Tech University condensed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 700) enamine 22 with the aldehyde hydrate 23 to give the pyrrole 24, which should be readily aromatized to the corresponding indole. Biaolin Yin of the South China University of Technology cyclized (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1098) the furan 25 to the indole 26. Richmond Sarpong of the University of California, Berkeley rearranged (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 9946) the alkynyl cyclopropane 27 to an intermediate that was aromatized to the indole 28. Stefan France of Georgia Tech uncovered (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3198) an In catalyst that rearranged the cyclopropene 29 to the indole 30.

M. Kevin Brown of Indiana University prepared (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3482) the cyclobutane 3 by the organocatalyzed addition of 2 to the alkene 1. Karl Anker Jørgensen of Aarhus University assembled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 1685) the complex cyclobutane 7 by the addition of 5 to the acceptor 4, followed by conden­sation with the phosphorane 6. Zhi Li of the National University of Singapore balanced (ACS Catal. 2015, 5, 51) three enzymes to effect enantioselective opening of the epoxide 8 followed by air oxidation to 9. Gang Zhao of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Zhong Li of the East China University of Science and Technology added (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 688) 10 to 11 to give 12 in high ee. Akkattu T. Biju of the National Chemical Laboratory combined (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 9559) 13 with 14 to give the β-lactone 15. Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong of Oregon State University and Karl A. Scheidt of Northwestern University reported (Chem. Commun. 2015, 51, 2690) related results. Dieter Enders of RWTH Aachen University constructed (Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 1004) the complex cyclopentane 20 by the controlled com­bination of 16, 17, and 18, followed by addition of the phosphorane 19. Derek R. Boyd and Paul J. Stevenson of Queen’s University Belfast showed (J. Org. Chem. 2015, 80, 3429) that the product from the microbial oxidation of 21 could be protected as the acetonide 22. Ignacio Carrera of the Universidad de la República described (Org. Lett. 2015, 17, 684) the related oxidation of benzyl azide (not illustrated). Manfred T. Reetz of the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung and the Philipps-Universität Marburg found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 8659) that cytochrome P450 could oxidize the cyclohexane 23 to the cyclohexanol 24. F. Dean Toste of the University of California, Berkeley aminated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 3205) the ketone 25 with 26 to give 27. Benjamin List, also of the Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, reported (Synlett 2015, 26, 1413) a parallel investigation. Philip Kraft of Givaudan Schweiz AG and Professor List added (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 1960) 28 to 29 to give 30 in high ee.

Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong devised (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11204) a manganese catalyst for the enantioselective cis-dihydroxylation of electron-deficient alkenes such as 1. Christine Greck of Université de Versailles-St-Quentin effected (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 1085) enantioselective alkoxylation of 3, remarkably without β-elimination. Keiji Maruoka of Kyoto University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7516) an organocatalyst for the enantioselective anti addition of 5 to 6 to give 7. Barry M. Trost of Stanford University developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2075) a Mg catalyst for the enantioselective addition of ethyl diazoacetate to an aldehyde 8, and carried the adduct onto 9. Professor Maruoka designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 1187) for the enantioselective addition of a ketone 10 to the alkynyl ketone 11 to give 12. Naoya Kumagai and Masakatsu Shibasaki of the Institute of Microbial Chemistry found (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 3108) that 14 could be added under very soft conditions to 13 to give the anti adduct 15. René Peters of the Universität Stuttgart added (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 1443) the azlactone formed in situ to 17 in a conjugate sense to give 18. Kaïss Aouadi and Jean-Pierre Praly of the Université de Lyon prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 2817) the nitrone 19 from the inexpensive (–)-menthone. Dipolar cycloaddition to a range of alkenes proceeded with substantial diastereocontrol, as illustrated for 20, which gave the crystalline adduct 21. Jeffrey S. Johnson of the University of North Carolina reduced (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 7329) the α-keto ester 22 under equilibrating conditions to give the lactone 23. Claudio Palomo of the Universidad del País Vasco alkylated (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 747) the aldehyde 24 with 25 to give the diester 26. Damien Bonne and Jean Rodriguez of Aix-Marseille Université added (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 563) the α-keto ester 27 to 28 in a conjugate sense to give 29. Glenn C. Micalizio of Scripps/Florida developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5152) a general strategy for the stereocontrolled construction of skipped-conjugate dienes such as 30.

Armido Studer of Wilhems-University Münster effected (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 5190) the enantioselective conjugate addition of 2 to 1, leading to the cyclopropane 3. Karl Anker Jørgensen of Aarhus University devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2543) a route to cyclobutanes based on the enantioselective addition of 5 to the nitroalkene 4. Jose L. Vicario of the Universidad del País Vasco reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4104) a similar procedure. Benjamin List of the Max-Planck-Institute Mülheim epoxidized (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 1701) cyclopentenones such as 7 with high ee. Lutz H. Gade of the Universität Heidelberg observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 2946) high ee in the benzylation of 9. Cheng Ma of Zhejiang University formylated (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 2959) cyclopentanone, then condensed the resulting aldehyde 12 with 13 to give 14. Hao Xu of Georgia State University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 858) 15 to the cyclopentenone 16. (+)-Rosephilin 19 inhibits several phosphatases. Bernard L. Flynn of Monash University prepared (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 1740) the carbocyclic core of 19 by cyclizing 17 to the cyclopentenone 18. Masanori Yoshida of Hokkaido University designed (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8513) a very simple organocatalyst for the enantioselective conjugate addition of 21 to 20. Samuel H. Gellman of the University of Wisconsin showed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 2582) that nitromethane could be added to 23 with high ee. Hiroaki Sasai of Osaka University effected (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 5423) the enantioselective cyclization of the prochiral 25. Ying-Chun Chen of Sichuan University found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 4401) that the diene 27 could be converted to 29 by way of the intermediate trienamine. Bor-Cherng Hong of the National Chung Cheng University observed (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2385) that under organocatalysis, only one enantiomer of 31 would add to 30, delivering 32 in high ee. Aromatization of 32 led to (+)-galbulin 33.

Teck-Peng Loh of Nanyang Technological University developed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 876) a catalyst for the enantioselective addition of an aldehyde to the versatile acceptor 2 to give 3. Kirsten Zeitler of the Universität Regensburg employed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 951) a complementary strategy for the enantioselective coupling of 4 with 5. Clark R. Landis of the University of Wisconsin devised (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 164) an Rh catalyst for the enantioselective formylation of the diene 7. Don M. Coltart of Duke University alkylated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8714) the chiral hydrazone of acetone to give 9, then alkylated again to give, after hydrolysis, the ketone 11 in high ee. Youming Wang and Zhenghong Zhou of Nankai University effected (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 3872) the enantioselective addition of acetone to the nitroalkene 12. Takeshi Ohkuma of Hokkaido University achieved (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 5541) high ee in the Ru-catalyzed hydrocyanation of 15. Gregory C. Fu, now at the California Institute of Technology, coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 8154) the 9-BBN borane 18 with the racemic chloride 17 to give 19 in high ee. Scott McN. Sieburth of Temple University optimized (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 1787) an Rh catalyst for the enantioselective intramolecular hydrosilylation of 20 to 21. Several general methods have been devised for the enantioselective assembly of quaternary alkylated centers. Sung Ho Kang of KAIST Daejon developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 1772) a Cu catalyst for the enantioselective acylation of the prochiral diol 22. Hyeung-geun Park of Seoul National University established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4924) a phase transfer catalyst for the enantioselective alkylation of 24. Peter R. Schreiner of Justus-Liebig University Giessen found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 7624) a silicon catalyst that efficiently rearranged the Shi-derived epoxide of 26 to the aldehyde 27. Amir H. Hoveyda of Boston College coupled (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 4778) 28 with the alkynyl Al reagent 29 to give 30 in high ee. Kozo Shishido of the University of Tokushima prepared (Synlett 2011, 1171) 31 by the Mitsunobu coupling of m-cresol with the enantiomerically pure allylic alcohol.

The unprecedented enantioselective 1,8-addition of azlactone 1 to acylpyrrole 2 catalyzed by triaminophosphorane 3 was reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 19370) by Takashi Ooi at Nagoya University. Tomislav Rovis at Colorado State University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12330) the asymmetric oxidative hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of propionaldehyde (5) and ketone 6 to produce lactone 8, catalyzed by NHC catalyst 7 in the presence of phenazine. A related NHC catalyst 11 was utilized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8276) by Xue-Wei Liu at Nanyang Technological University for the homoenolate addition of enal 9 to nitrodiene 10 to furnish 12 with high ee. The vinylogous conjugate addition of butenolide 13 to 15 to produce 16 with exquisite stereoselectivity was accomplished (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10069) by Kuo-Wei Huang at KAUST, Choon-Hong Tan at Henan University and Nanyang Technological University, and Zhiyong Jiang at Henan University. The enantioselective production of lactone 18 was achieved (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 20197) by Jeffrey S. Johnson at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill by dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of α-keto ester 17. A related DKR strategy was employed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6334) by Brinton Seashore-Ludlow at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Peter Somfai at Lund University in Sweden and the University of Tartu in Estonia for hydrogenation of α-amino-β-ketoester 19 to furnish aminoalcohol 21 with high Shigeki Matsunaga and Motomu Kanai at the University of Tokyo developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 10275) a unique strategy for the selective production of the cross-aldol adduct 24 by in situ generation of an aldehyde enolate from allyloxyborane 23 under rhodium catalysis. The highly diastereoselective construction of adduct 26 bearing two adjacent quaternary stereocenters by ketone allylation with allyl sulfide 25 was reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 7263) by Takeshi Takeda at the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology. Wen-Hao Hu at East China Normal University reported (Nature Chem. 2012, 4, 733) the enantioselective three-component coupling of diazoester 27, N-benzylindole (28), and imine 29 to furnish 31 under the action of Rh2(OAc)4 and phosphoric acid 30.

RESUMO A sociedade atual vive em um contexto tumultuoso, sendo comum as pessoas viverem de forma mais estressadas, se alimentando mal e convivendo cada vez menos com as pessoas, perdendo oportunidades de fazer e manter relacionamentos pessoais. Como este estilo de vida está saturado, gerando problemas de saúde aos indivíduos, existem diversos estudos que comprovam a tendência de que as pessoas buscarão um melhor aproveitamento do seu tempo, com um maior contato com a natureza, dando valor ao seu próprio bem-estar, prestando mais atenção no que consome e em como consome, assim como a valorização do prazer de estar em um meio social. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir por meio da visão sistêmica e do design, o incentivo e a prática da filosofia Slow Food, e dessa forma, promover a preocupação com uma saudável forma de alimentação e a ação colaborativa entre as pessoas, em que um indivíduo possa cooperar com o outro, resgatando o convívio e socialização. Assim, pretende-se atuar em pequenas unidades urbanas externas, como prédios, condomínios, praças e avenidas com intuito de criação de um artefato que motive a prática dessa filosofia, assim como impulsione também as práticas colaborativas nestes locais, buscando a integração social e desenvolvimento econômico e ambiental, atendendo os princípios da sustentabilidade e o desenvolvimento local. O método de pesquisa usado é descritivo, em que se observou e analisou as situações e relações dos indivíduos, tanto de forma individual quanto as relações em sociedade. Os instrumentos escolhidos para coleta de dados foram o questionário, entrevistas e observações abertas, feitas informalmente ao decorrer das entrevistas. Neste trabalho integrou-se dois métodos de projeto, a ferramenta HCD/IDEO (Human Centered Design - Design Centrado no Ser Humano), usado como base, com técnicas para o entendimento dos desejos e necessidades da comunidade estudada e o Guia de projeto NASDesign/UFSC (Núcleo de Abordagem Sistêmica do Design/Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina), dividido em três fases: Sentir, Agir e Realizar, como complementação. Ao final, conclui-se que o modelo físico do produto proposto atende uma lista de requisitos divididos em três grande grupo: requisitos de produto, referentes à forma, materiais e texturas do objeto; requisitos do usuário, referente a necessidade entendida a partir do tipo de ambiente em que o produto está, e de como ele está sendo usado e aos requisitos do contexto de uso, que consiste nas necessidades do usuário observado durante a pesquisa.Palavras Chaves: design de produto, slow food, sustentabilidade. REFERÊNCIAS ANDRADE, Aurélio L. et al. Pensamento sistêmico: caderno de campo: o desafio das mudanças sustentada nas organizações e na sociedade. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2006. AROS, Kammiri Corinaldesi. Elicitação do processo projetual do Núcleo de Abordagem Sistêmica do Design da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Orientador: Luiz Fernando Gonçalves de Figueiredo – Florianópolis, SC, 2016. BARBOSA FILHO, Antonio Nunes. Projeto e Desenvolvimento de Produtos - São Paulo: Editora Atlas S.A. - 2009. BERTALANFFY, Ludwig Von. Teoria geral dos sistemas. 3.ed. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2008. BEST, Kathryn. Fundamentos de gestão do design. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2012. 208 p. BISTAGNINO, Luigi. Design sistêmico: uma abordagem interdisciplinar para a inovação. p.13-30. In: BOAS, Eduardo Villas. Perfils de consumo: VALS2 aponta oito tipos de consumidores. Disponível em: < http://www.audaces.com/br/educacao/falando-de-educacao/2013/10/16/perfis-de-consumo-vals2-aponta-oito-tipos-de-consumidores-2>. Acesso em: 7 out. 2016. BRUNDTLAND, Gro Harlem. Nosso futuro comum: Comissão Mundial sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. 2a. ed. Rio de Janeiro: FGV, 1991. BRUNEL, Felipe Kanarek; O design estratégico em nível metaprojetual como suporte para a inovação social: o caso slow food, p. 202-210 . In: Anais do 5º Simpósio Brasileiro de Design Sustentável [=Blucher Design Proceedings, v.2, n.5]. São Paulo: Blucher, 2016. ISSN 2318-6968, DOI 10.5151/despro-sbds15-2st701b CAPELLO, Giuliana. Slow Life: vida mais calma, lenta e confortável. Planeta Sustentável: 16 set 2008. Disponível em: <http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/blog/gaiatos-e-gaianos/109647/>. Acesso em: 4 out. 2016. CAPRA, Fritjof. Teia da vida: uma nova compreensão científica dos sistemas vivos. São Paulo: Cultrix, 1998 CARDOSO, Rafael. Uma Introdução à História do Design. São Paulo: Edgard Blucher, 2008. 56. COGO, Rodrigo. Tendências Globais de Consumo. Disponível em: < http://www.aberje.com.br/blogs/post/tendencias-globais-de-consumo-para-2016/>. Acesso em: 1 nov. 2016. DEHEINZELIN, Lala. Desejável Mundo novo: vida sustentável, diversa e criativa em 2042. 1ª edição. São Paulo, SP | 2012 ERLHOFF, Michael; MARSHALL, Timothy (Ed.) Design Dictionary: Perspectives on Design Terminology. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhauser Verlang Ag, 2008. (Board of International Research in Design). GIL, A. C. Como elaborar projetos de pesquisa. 4. ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2010. ICSID. Definition of Design. About ICSID: 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.icsid.org/about/about/articles31.htm>. Acesso em: 04 out. 2016. IDEO. HCD: Human Centered Design - kit de ferramentas. 2. ed. 2010. KRUCKEN, L. Design e Território: valorização de identi- dades e produtos locais. São Paulo: Studio Nobel, 2009. KRUCKEN, L.; TRUSEN, C. A comunicação da sustentabilidade em produtos e serviços. In: DE MORAES, D., KRUCKEN, L. Design e Sustentabilidade. Coleção Cadernos de Estudos Avançados em Design, Belo Horizonte: EdUEMG, 2009. KUEHR, R. Environmental technologies: from a misleading interpretations to an operational categorization and definition. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2007. MANZINI, Ezio. Design para a inovação social e sustentabilidade: Comunidades criativas, organizações colaborativas e novas redes projetuais. Rio de Janeiro: E-papers, 2008. 104 p. (Caderno do Grupo de Altos Estudos do PEP/UFRJ; v.1). MANZINI, Ezio. Design, when everbody designs: an introduction to design for social innovattion. Cambridge: MIT Press Book, 2015. 241p. MANZINI, Ezio. Making Things Happen: Social Innovation and Design. Design Issues: v.30 n.1, 2014. MANZINI, Ezio; VEZZOLI, Carlo. O desenvolvimento de produtos sustentáveis: os requisitos ambientais dos produtos industriais. São Paulo: Edusp – Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. MARCONI, M. A.; Lakatos, E. M. Fundamentos de metodologia científica. São Paulo: Atlas, 2007. MELO FILHO, Álvaro de. Designing marketing. Fragmentos de Cultura, Goiânia, 2009. Disponível em: seer.ucg.br/index.php/fragmentos/article/viewFile/994/696. Acesso em: 14/04/2011. MORARES, Dijon de. Metaprojeto: o design do design. São Paulo: Blucher, 2010. MORARES, Dijon de; KRUCKEN, Lia. Cadernos de estudos avançados em design: Sustentabilidade II. Barbacena: EdUEMG, 2009. 79p. MOZOTA, B. B. Gestão do design: usando o design para construir valor de marca e inovação corporativa. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2011. POTTER, N. Qué es un diseñador: objetos, lugares,mensajes. Buenos Aires: Paidós, 1999. REID, Mariana. A contribuição do design na motivação da prática do Slow Food; Florianopolis,SC, 2014. 149 p. RICHARDSON, R. J. Pesquisa social: métodos e técnicas. 3 ed. São Paulo: Atlas, 2008. Slow Food Brasil, 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.slowfoodbrasil.com/>. Acesso em: 4 out. 2016. Slow Moviment Portugal, 2014. Disponível em: <http://www.slowmovementportugal.com/> Acesso em: 4 de out. 2016. Slow Moviment, 2016. Disponível em <http://www.slowmovement.com/slow_living.php> Acesso em: 4 de out. 2016. STICKDORN,Marc. Isto é design thinking de serviços/ Marc Stickdorn, Jakob Schneider e coautores ; tradução: Mariana Bandarra ; revisão técnica : Clarissa Biolchini. Porto Alegre : Bookman, 2014. SUDJIC, Deyan. A Linguagem das Coisas. Rio de Janeiro: Intrínseca, 2010. THACKARA, John. Plano B: o design e as alternativas viáveis em um mundo complexo - tradução Cristina Yamagami - São Paulo : Saraiva : Versar, 2008. 299 p. VALENTE, Edison. Slow Design. Revista Planeta: Ambiente: out.2013. Disponível em: <http://revistaplaneta.terra.com.br/secao/ambiente/slow-design>. Acesso em: 30 out. 2016. 58 VEZZOLI, Carlo. Design de sistemas para a sustentabilidade: teoria, métodos e ferramentas para o design sustentável de sistemas de satisfação. Salvador: EDUFUBRA, 2010. 343p.

O Design é um processo estratégico de resolução de problemas que impulsiona a inovação, o sucesso do negócio e a qualidade de vida através de produtos, sistemas, serviços e experiências inovadoras (ICSID, 2015). Inovar é um processo de alavancar a criatividade para gerar valor de novas maneiras através de novos produtos, serviços e negócios (JONASH e SOMMERLATTE, 2000). Quando se tem uma inovação é possível fazer o registro de uma nova patente. Os registros de marcas, desenhos industriais, indicações geográficas, concessões de patentes e as distintas modalidades de transferência de tecnologia, na economia do criativa e do conhecimento, se transformam em diferenciais competitivos, estimulando o surgimento constante de novas identidades e soluções técnicas (INPI, 2017). Cada objeto de design é o resultado de um processo de desenvolvimento, cujo andamento é determinado por condições e decisões (BÜRDEK, 2010). Tendo isso em vista, percebe-se como o processo de desenvolvimento de design envolve conhecimentos e habilidades sistêmicas. Desta forma, este trabalho objetiva evidenciar de forma sistêmica o potencial de criativo de um núcleo de desenvolvimento de design que atua com abordagem sistêmica, relacionando suas competências em serviços com a política brasileira de proteção do design, afim de salientar as conectividades entre serviços e produção de patentes. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para tal envolvem uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa, objetivo exploratório e com procedimentos técnicos envolvendo levantamento bibliográfico e estudo de caso, por envolver o estudo profundo e exaustivo de um objeto pesquisa - o núcleo de abordagem sistêmica do design - de maneira que se permita o amplo e detalhado conhecimento do seu modelo de atuação em serviços, verificando seu potencial de inovação e de produção de patentes (SILVA e MENEZES, 2005).Como resultado, este artigo propõe uma visão sistêmica do modelo de atuação do núcleo de design estudado que evidencia a conexão entre as atividades e serviços de design com a produção de patentes no Brasil, além de discutir o potencial de inovação do núcleo e do design de forma geral.Keywords: design; abordagem sistêmica; serviços; inovação; patentes1. ReferencesBürdek, Bernhard E/ (2010). Design: história, teoria e prática do design de produtos. São Paulo: Editora Blucher. 496 p.De Moraes, Dijon. (2010). Metaprojeto: o design do design. São Paulo: Blucher. 228 p.ICSID. (2016). Definition of industrial design. Disponível em: <http://www.icsid.org/about/about/articles31.htm> Acesso em: 01 fev 2016.INPI - Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. (2017). O INPI. Disponível em: <www.inpi.gov.br> Acesso em: 30 mai 2017.Jonash, R. S.; Sommerlate, T. (2000). The innovation premium. New York, Perseus Book.Silva, E.; Menezes, E. (2005). Metodologia da pesquisa e elaboração de dissertação. Florianópolis: UFSC. 138p.

Introdução: A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) define mortalidade materna como a morte de uma mulher gestante ou em até 42 dias após o término da gestação, independentemente da sua duração ou localização. Ocorre por causa relacionada com ou agravada pela gravidez ou por medidas tomadas em relação a ela, não incluindo causas acidentais ou incidentais, e constitui grave violação dos direitos da mulher à saúde. Ainda nesse contexto, a mortalidade materna pode ser influenciada por fatores sociais, como idade, raça, escolaridade, padrão socioeconômico e estado civil, e, por isso, reflete a qualidade de vida de uma região. A mortalidade materna reflete a qualidade dos serviços de saúde prestados às mães e aos recém-nascidos, justificando a importância de uma análise profunda de suas variáveis. Objetivo: Analisar o número de óbitos maternos em Goiás durante o período de 2007 a 2017, correlacionando com a idade, cor/raça e escolaridade maternas, e grupo CID-10. Material e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, longitudinal e retrospectivo, de análise do número de óbitos maternos e suas variáveis no estado de Goiás em um período de dez anos. Os dados foram obtidos na plataforma on-line Tabnet/DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde em fevereiro de 2020 e são referentes às estatísticas vitais. Não foi necessária a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, pois são dados públicos. As variáveis escolhidas e utilizadas para análise foram “idade materna”, “cor/raça materna”, “escolaridade materna” e “grupo CID-10”. Esses constituem indicadores de saúde para avaliar a qualidade dos serviços prestados à saúde materno-infantil. Os dados incluídos e analisados se referem somente aos óbitos maternos no estado de Goiás durante o período de 2007 a 2017. Os cálculos foram realizados no Excel. Resultados e Conclusão: No período de 2007 a 2017, totalizaram-se 512 óbitos maternos em Goiás, sendo 55 em adolescentes (10 a 19 anos), 233 em mulheres de 20 a 29 anos, 188 entre 30 e 39 anos, e 36 acima de 40 anos de idade. Mulheres brancas contabilizaram 154 óbitos; mulheres pretas, 62; pardas, 264; amarelas, 2; e ignorado, 30. Em relação à escolaridade, 48 mulheres não tinham nenhuma ou tinham apenas 1 a 3 anos; 106 possuíam 4 a 7 anos, e 212, mais de 8 anos, sendo ignorado 146 casos. Os grupos CID-10 com mais prevalência foram hipertensão relacionada à gravidez (120), complicações do trabalho de parto (105) e complicações relacionadas ao puerpério (53). A mortalidade materna constitui um dos indicadores de saúde mais adequados para avaliar a cobertura e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde de forma integral, pois reflete a realidade da desigualdade social do país. Os índices epidemiológicos analisados contribuem para o planejamento de ações e políticas públicas de saúde do estado de Goiás, que promovam atenção integral à gestante e ao seu filho.

This paper reports, for the first time, the cross-plane thermal conductivity of amorphous and crystalline templated cubic mesoporous titania thin films from 30 to 320 K. Both sol-gel and nanocrystal-based films were synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly with porosity of 30% to 35%, respectively. The pore diameter in sol-gel mesoporous films ranged from 14 to 25 nm and film thickness from 120 to 370 nm. Crystalline domains in crystalline mesoporous films were 9 to 13 nm in diameter. The thermal conductivity was measured between 30 and 320 K using the 3ω method. The experimental setup and the associated analysis were first validated by comparing experimental measurements with data reported in the literature for high purity silicon substrate and thermal oxide films over the temperature range considered. The thermal conductivity of sol-gel dense and mesoporous TiO2 films was found to increase with increasing temperature. The thermal conductivity of polycrystalline dense film was strongly dependent on temperature while that of dense amorphous and mesoporous films increased slowly with increasing temperature. The amorphous mesoporous TiO2 films featured very small thermal conductivity due to the fact that heat was mainly transferred by very localized non-propagating vibrational modes. Despite the particles crystallinity, the nanocrystal-based film showed significantly lower thermal conductivity than that of the sol-gel polycrystalline mesoporous thin films due to the strong phonon scattering at the nanocrystal boundaries.

Introducción: El género es un factor que influye en la prevalencia de las enfermedades psiquiátricas, curso, pronóstico y respuesta al tratamiento, así como también condiciona los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS). Aunque se cree que la patología dual es más frecuente en hombres, se considera que las mujeres tienen más riesgo de presentarla. Existe mayor prevalencia en hombres de trastornos psicóticos y bipolares, y en mujeres mayor prevalencia de trastornos de ansiedad y afectivos (Miquel et al., 2011). Son las mujeres quienes presentan mayor gravedad en el curso de la adicción cuando ambos trastornos se dan de forma conjunta (Díaz-Mesa, E. et al., 2016). Objetivos: Estudiar en una muestra de 1335 pacientes con patología dual las diferencias en tipo de diagnóstico mental asociado, sustancia principal consumida, número de sustancias y gravedad de la adicción según el género. Material y método: Se seleccionaron los pacientes que presentaban patología dual al inicio del tratamiento en una Unidad de Conductas Adictivas ambulatoria. Se realiza revisión de historias clínicas para obtener los datos. Conclusiones: Muestra compuesta por 1017 hombres (76,2%) y 318 mujeres (23,8%). Los trastornos más frecuentemente asociados al TUS en hombres son los trastornos de la personalidad (34,7%), los de ansiedad (18,7%) y los psicóticos (16,1%). Mientras que en las mujeres son los de ansiedad (32,1%), personalidad (25,8%) y afectivos (18,6%) (p=0,000). No existen diferencias significativas en las sustancias más frecuentemente consumidas, en ambos grupos son el alcohol (cerca del 30%), la cocaína (cerca del 20%) y los opioides (cerca del 16%) (p=0,076). No se han encontrado diferencias significativas en cuanto al número de sustancias consumidas, cerca del 55% son policonsumidores (p=0,086). Las mujeres presentan más recaídas tanto en el consumo de sustancias como en la reagudización de crisis, más abandonos del tratamiento y un peor curso general del tratamiento (p=0,001).

El colapso en que se encuentra la economía venezolana no tiene precedentes. La economía se contrajo un 70% entre 2013 y 2019, a lo que se sumaría una reducción esperada del 30% en 2020, lo que la hace que se trate de una de las mayores crisis económicas del mundo. Como parte de esta crisis, ha habido una estrepitosa caída del poder adquisitivo de los hogares, con un consiguiente incremento de la pobreza y de la desigualdad. Asimismo, otros indicadores sociales, como los relacionados con la alimentación y la salud, se han deteriorado sustancialmente y la provisión de servicios básicos se ha desmoronado. La pandemia del COVID-19 impacta de forma importante en el país, y la capacidad de reacción por parte del sector público es muy limitada. Los recursos fiscales son muy escasos para proveer alimentos a la población y la condición del sector salud es acuciante. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo resumir las explicaciones que subyacen a la debacle económica del país desde antes de la pandemia del COVID-19, analizar los impactos de la pandemia sobre el país y también delinear, para el corto y el mediano plazo, acciones prioritarias orientadas a la emergencia sanitaria y a la recuperación de la economía.

Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.