Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soudage de polymères'
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Ilie, Mariana. "Étude de l' intéraction laser-matière dans le cas des polymères semi-transparents : application au soudage des polymères." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOS003.
Full textThe purpose of the present study was to estimate the weldability of a polymeric material couple according to their thermal and optical properties. The first task in pursuit of this goal was to quantify the beam attenuation in the semi-transparent polymer by making connection between the optical properties of the bulk materials of which the heterogeneities and the medium are made and the laser intensity spatial distribution into the medium. This modeling allowed establishing the importance of each scattering parameter on the beam attenuation and its broadening at the exit of the semi-transparent polymer. The second step was to realize a connection between the optical model and a thermical one, based on the general heat transfer equation in order to determine the temperature field inside the two materials to be welded. This study represents an opening in the scientific approach of polymers laser welding process, offering in the same time new possibilities in global optimization of the process
Aris-Brosou, Margaux. "Soudage de polymères semi-cristallins utilisés dans l'isolation de pipeline offshore. Approches thermiques, rhéologiques et mécaniques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM024/document.
Full textThis PhD focuses on the characterization of the materials of the insulating coating of offshore pipelines as well as the welding made between the two semi-crystalline polymers of the coating at the junction of two consecutives pipes.The important thickness of the coating induces heterogeneous heating and cooling rates during the welding process. Those rates have been characterized through the implementation of thermal sensors during the industrial process. A simulation model of the different steps of the welding process is consistent with the experimental results. This simulation gives access to the thermal fields in the entire pipe and especially in the welding zone.This study allows us to characterize the two welded materials during their melting and crystallization which represent the two crucial steps during the welding. A particular attention has been drawn to their rheological behavior in the transition zone from the molten to the solid state and vice versa. The cooling data at different rates have been correlated with the transformation fraction of the materials.The mechanical properties of the insulating materials have been tested especially in the welding zone via the industrial process. However, the imposing infrastructure of the industrial process does not allow the study of the influence of welding parameters. To do so, a “mirror” experiment, representative of the industrial one, has been developed at a laboratory scale. Both the welding made via the industrial process and the “mirror” experiment have shown that the weak point of the structure is not the welding itself but one of the materials of the coating
Matus-Aguirre, Marcela. "Soudage laser par transmission de thermoplastique semi-cristallin PEKK : prédiction de la cristallinité du joint de soudure et de la résistance mécanique des assemblages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP116.
Full textThermoplastic materials are gaining popularity in the aerospace industry as alternatives to metals and thermosets, providing benefits such as fast manufacturing, repairability, and recyclability. Their ability to soften and melt allows them to be welded without needing to incorporate external components. Additionally, high-performance thermoplastics exhibit resistance to harsh environments, such as high temperatures and various chemicals, making them ideal for high-demanding applications. These features make thermoplastics suitable for applications in which weight reduction, performance, and durability are essential. Laser transmission welding (LTW) has emerged as an effective technique for welding thermoplastics due to its simplicity, precision, and ability to produce high-quality joints. In LTW, a laser beam passes through a semi-transparent upper part and is absorbed by a lower absorbent sample, generating heat at the interface to assemble the parts. The LTW process relies on the thermo-chemical and optical properties of the materials to be welded. Careful consideration is needed when laser welding semi-crystalline thermoplastics, like polyaryletherketones (PAEK). Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) has received less attention than PEEK in laser welding. However, PEKK is a more promising material for LTW due to its unique crystallization properties compared to PEEK. The crystallization kinetics of PEKK can be modified, which provides better control of its crystallinity by manipulating processing parameters. This PhD thesis investigates the laser transmission welding process of PEKK, focusing on the influence of material properties and process parameters on the weld joint morphology and mechanical properties. The overlapping configuration consists of a quasi-amorphous semi-transparent PEKK sample over a highly crystallized opaque PEKK one (PEKK-A/SC). Thermo-physical and optical properties of the PEKK samples are characterized to ensure their suitability for LTW. Then, process parameters for LTW, such as laser power and thickness of the upper part, are systematically studied to understand their impact on weld joint properties. After welding, some assemblies are annealed at the cold crystallization temperature of PEKK to enhance joint quality. The quality of the weld joints is assessed by mechanical tests and microscopic observations. Single lap-shear tests are employed to identify the failure type and mechanical strength of assemblies. Microscopy is used to analyze failure zones and the weld joint morphology on the cross-section along the welding path. A numerical simulation of the LTW process of PEKK parts was developed in MatLab using the finite differences method, incorporating heat transfer and the crystallization kinetics of PEKK. This model provided insights into the thermal history of the samples during welding and predicted the evolution of weld joint crystallinity as a function of welding parameters. The developed simulations offer insights into the complex thermal and crystallization behaviors observed during LTW of PEKK parts. Furthermore, after studying and validating the LTW process for PEKK polymer, this thesis extends the LTW study to PEKK composites reinforced with short carbon fibers (PEKK-CF). To enable LTW of PEKK-CF samples, the quasi-amorphous PEKK is used as the upper part for the overlapping configuration. That represents a novel area of research, with no prior studies found on LTW of PEKK-CF composites. The welding of PEKK-CF samples is optimized through experimental trials, and the weld joint quality is evaluated under varying laser intensities and the thickness of the upper part. The findings from this thesis contribute to a deeper understanding of the LTW process for PEKK and its composites, providing valuable guidelines for optimizing welding parameters and improving joint strength in industrial applications
Ricbourg, Maxime. "Applications de la technique laser aux matériaux polymères utilisés dans le domaine de l’intégration de puissance." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3021.
Full textThis work aims to investigate the possible applications of laser technology on polymeric materials used in the rigid packaging of railway power modules. The first part of this study was devoted to the treatment of technical polymer surfaces by Nd:YAG laser irradiation. The laser-polymer interaction leads to the creation of a micro-plasma. Results get by FTIR spectroscopy and contact angle show that, under air atmosphere, this plasma can be applied for removing the additive from surfaces. Then, we have an affinity reduction between the polymer and the cooling liquid used in power modules. The opposite behaviour was observed with the same treatment under other atmospheres (argon or oxygen). Under argon atmosphere, the treatment leads to a thermo-ablation of the surface whereas under oxygen atmosphere, it leads to the grafting of new chemical functions on the surface. The second part was dedicated to the development of an innovative laser methodology based on transmission-welding to assemble power modules made with various PEI elements. Then, we have prepared a PEI assembling fully dark and opaque. The lower element is made with carbon black in order to absorb the laser wavelength. The higher element, transparent for the laser wavelength but absorbent in the visible light, is obtained with two solutions. The first one is based on the addition of organic dye. The second one, more suitable to high temperature requires mineral pigment. The last part was dedicated to the simulation of the spatial and temporal evolution of the temperature in the whole assembly during the laser welding
Carassus, Fabrice. "Le soudage par ultrasons des composites CF/PEEK en multimode et les propriétés de l'interphase d'un assemblage soudé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP117.
Full textLow-carbon aircraft by 2035 are expected to be a major change in motorization, and a real challenge in terms of new materials. The development of welding technologies is closely linked to the growing use of thermoplastic composites. However, ultrasonic welding still needs significant advancements to reach an industrial scale, starting with the mastery of static welding. This assembly technique involves specific equipment designed to deliver ultrasonic vibrations through a defined control mode, while applying pressure. It also requires a polymer film to be incorporated between the surfaces to be welded: the energy director. Thickness-calibrated specimens of CF/PEEK composite were manufactured by thermocompression. The PEEK matrix was chosen for its mechanical performance and rapid crystallization capacity, while two different materials were used as energy directors: PEI and PEEK. A new methodology was developed to optimize ultrasonic welding, by giving the welding curves the desired shape. This method is based on using multiple welding phases: multimode. It ensures CF/PEEK composite joining strengths > 40 MPa and promises rapid optimization of any assembly using compatible materials. The significance of nature and surface of the energy director was demonstrated. Hypotheses concerning the origin of joint failure were discarded by studying model blends of PEEK and PEI. Temperatures during welding were measured with minimal intrusion using Fiber Bragg gratings, providing evidence of heterogeneous heating in the interphase. This region, which melts during ultrasound activation, reaches temperatures of between 500 and 700°C. The rapid kinetics of the process enable assembly times on the order of a few seconds. The welded interphases were visualized using a digital microscope, validating a manual inspection method
Mofakhami, Eeva. "Effets du soudage par vibration sur la microstructure et le comportement en traction de polymères semi-cristallins renforcés par des fibres de verre." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE006.
Full textVibration welding is a common process used in automotive industry to assembly polymer parts. For pristine polymers, welding ratio, defined as the ratio between weld strength and tensile strength of non-welded material, is close to 1. However, for glass-fiber reinforced polymers, welding ratios are around 0.6 at best. In order to understand this discrepancy, several grades of polyamide (PA) 6 and 66 reinforced with 30% glass fibers as well as polypropylene (PP) with 0, 20, 35 and 50 % glass fibers have been injected in plates and vibration welded. A linear relationship was obtained between tensile strength of welded and non-welded PA specimens and their glass fiber orientation. Correlations were also found when plotting weld strength of samples regarding their welded zone thickness. In addition, voids are present only in the welded zone of glass fiber reinforced specimens, indicating that these voids are due to reorientation of fibers during the welding process. Finally, finite element modeling of mechanical behavior up to failure has been applied on a meshed specimen with a welded zone. Results show an amplification and distribution of stresses in the three directions inside the welded zone due to geometrical confinement. This generated triaxiality promotes growth and coalescence of cavities in the welded zone, explaining the weakening of the macroscopic uniaxial stress at failure
Ganne-Chédeville, Christelle. "Soudage linéaire du bois : étude et compréhension des modifications physico-chimiques et développement d'une technologie d'assemblage innovante." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319773.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail a donc été d'analyser les différents facteurs influençant les caractéristiques du joint pour comprendre les mécanismes physiques et chimiques mis en jeu lors du processus. La mesure de la température de soudage par thermographie infrarouge a apporté de multiples informations. D'autre part les pièces de bois soudées ont été caractérisées par des observations microscopiques, mécaniques, une étude du comportement à la rupture, des analyses chimiques de l'interface et des fumées. Les résultats ont permis d'élaborer un scénario physico-chimique du développement de la microstructure interfaciale et de le vérifier. Un premier modèle numérique thermique a été élaboré pour le soudage linéaire de Fagus sylvatica.
La dernière partie de l'étude concerne la compréhension de l'influence du substrat. Ceci a permis d'aborder les problèmes de variabilité issus de l'essence de bois, de l'anatomie du bois ou encore de l'état de surface. Les bois modifiés et des produits dérivés du bois ont pu être soudés avec succès.
Enfin les résultats de la recherche on pu être mis en application à une échelle pré-industrielle soulevant ainsi de nouvelles problématiques scientifiques et techniques mais aussi montrant un grand potentiel d'optimisation de la technologie.
Frédérix, Caroline. "Étude de mélanges de polyéthylènes couvrant une large gamme de taux de cristallinité dans la perspective d'élaboration de matériaux à gradient de propriétés mécaniques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10182/document.
Full textThe extremely large variety of molecular architecture and crystal morphology of polyethylene (PE) materials results in a wide range of properties of these materials. Different types of PE were blended and assembled in the aim to understand their compatibility and the resulting mechanical properties. ln this study, two ethylene-octene copolymers, i.e. an ultra low density polyethylene (UL) and a linear IOl\" density polyethylene (LL) from the metallocene catalysis, and a high density polyethylene (HD) obtained by Ziegler-Natta polymerization, were used. Binary blends were processed by extrusion and characterized by several complementary techniques:dvnamic melt rheology in the aim to study the miscibility in the melt, thermal analysis to determine the melting behavior and the crystallization kinetics, MFA microscopy and X-ray diffusion for the morphology investigation at various scale levels. The phase separation seems to apply to every blend of this study, with a low mutual solubility. However. a semi-crystalline phase with a composition gradient has been shown to occur at the intertàce of the unlike phases. Due to the quite broad distribution of the co-units in the se materials, the presence of structurally similar chains in the components creates an opportunity for partial miscibility and co-crystallization. The incidence of this structural organisation on the efficiency of welding of bilayer assemblies was assessed by mechanical testing
Defauchy, Denis. "Simulation du procédé de fabrication directe de pièces thermoplastiques par fusion laser de poudre." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871731.
Full textAlchikh, Mohamad. "Vieillissement mécano-chimique du polyvinyldifluore (PVDF) dans la soude." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6031.
Full textLebrun, Hélène. "Compréhension des mécanismes d’adhésion dans un composite à matrice thermoplastique lors de sa mise en œuvre par consolidation en continu." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0123.
Full textThe automated tow placement or filament winding processes of thermoplastic-based composites have been intensively studied in recent years. These studies concerned mainly composites with thermoplastic semi-crystalline matrices as carbon fiber reinforced poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). The thesis objective is to understand the physical mechanisms taking place in a thermoplastic-based composite during the welding in order to deduce which step governs the welding process and what are the parameters influencing its duration. First, the main properties of matrix of interest for this study were determined, in particular its thermal degradation. The thermal gravimetric analysis thus allowed to evaluate the kinetics of degradation. Secondly, the mechanisms of intimate contact and self-adhesion responsible for welding were studied using models. For this, surface roughness and viscosity measurements were included in the model of intimate contact. The diffusion time of matrix was determined by rheology and integrated into the self-adhesion model. Eventually, the influence of process (time, temperature and pressure) and material (molecular weight and roughness) parameters on the mechanisms of interface formation and its mechanical performance was evaluated experimentally by adhesion tests (wedge test and peeling ) and compared with models
LAMETHE, Jean-Florent. "Etude de l'adhésion de composites thermoplastiques semi-cristallins; application à la mise en oeuvre par soudure." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008449.
Full textLamèthe, Jean-Florent. "Etude de l'adhésion de composites thermoplastiques semi-cristallins : application à la mise en oeuvre par soudure." Paris 6, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008449.
Full textDebondue, Eric. "Les mécanismes de formation et de cohésion des lignes de soudure de flux dans les pièces injectées en matière plastique." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10135.
Full textSaint-Martin, Gilles. "Etude typologique des défauts structuraux générés au cours de la mise en forme par injection de composites à matrice polymère thermostable renforcés par fibres de verre courtes." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1146.
Full textLiu, Xin. "Numerical modeling and simulation of selective laser sintering in polymer powder bed." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI012/document.
Full textMany industrial and academic interests concerning the additive manufacturing processes are developed in the last decades. As one of the most promising technique of additive manufacturing, the Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) has been valued by both industry and academic. However, it remains that several phenomena are still not well understood in order to properly model the process and propose quality improvement of parts made. The goal of this Ph.D. project is to develop a framework of numerical simulation in order to model the SLS process in polymer powder bed, meanwhile understanding multiple physical phenomena occurring during the process and studying the influence of process parameters on the quality of final product. In contrast to traditional approach, based on the equivalent homogeneous material in numerical modeling of partial differential equations derived from conservation laws, we propose a global model to simulate powder-based additive manufacturing by using the Discrete Element method (DEM). It consists in a coupling between four different physical models: radiative heat transfer, discrete heat conduction, sintering and granular dynamics models. Firstly, the submodel of radiative heat transfer concerns the interaction between the laser beam and powder bed. Several phenomena are considered, including the reflection, transmission, absorption and scattering. Besides, a modified Monte Carlo ray-tracing method is developed in order to study the influence of scattering on the distribution of the deposited laser energy inside the powder bed Furthermore, the submodel of discrete heat conduction describes the inter-particles heat diffusion. Moreover, the sintering submodel concerns the phenomena of coalescence and air diffusion. It describes the melting kinetics of grains, driven by surface tension and the release of entrapped gases inside powder bed. Finally, the granular dynamics submodel concerns the motions and contacts between particles when depositing a new layer of powders. The coupling between these submodels leads to propose a global numerical framework, validated by comparing the results to both simulated and experimental ones from literatures. A parametric study is then proposed for model validation and process analysis. The Influence of different material and process parameters on the evolution of temperature, relative density and materials structure and characteristics are investigated. The results exhibit accurate modeling of the complex phenomena occurring during the SLS process, and the work constitute a great potential in modeling and optimization of additive processes