Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Souffrance – Sociologie'
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Dejean, Gary. "A travers la nuit : anthropologie des récits de souffrance au cinéma." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010598/document.
Full textThis anthropologic examination of several families of stories of suffering in cinema history uses psychology and sociology in order to determine universal tendencies in representation, by overtaking generic or territorial considerations. In using the same conceptual tools for the study of several narrative forms often considered as mutually exclusive, this critical analysis manages to surpass the usual dichotomies, and to offer an original definition of suffering as a feeling of lack or absence of control. It is indeed only through the convergent study of fictitious (stories), real (testimonies) and scientific (studies) discourses about suffering, or more specifically through the examination of active representations, that suffering itself can be studied, as an aesthetic phenomenon, subjective by definition. By systematically assimilating itself to a feeling of absence of control, suffering reveals that it dims out as soon as an inverse feeling of control intervenes. This way, the social function of fictitious stories presents itself as an attempt to offer appeasement through the arousal of the feeling of control, when only a few of them also show a philosophical dimension consisting in carrying out this teaching
Gillette, Isabelle. "La polygamie et l'excision dans l'immigration africaine en France, analysées sous l'angle de la souffrance sociale des femmes." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070014.
Full textJiménez, Molina Álvaro. "L'adolescence mutilée : grammaires de la souffrance au Chili et en France." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB172.
Full textSince the late 20th century, self-injurious practices (scratching, cutting and burning of body tissue) among adolescents have become a major problem for mental health institutions and professionals. Adolescents who self-injure themselves have become a contemporary figure of the suffering subject. Several psycho-medical studies have provided an analysis of the reasons for this practice and the problems associated with it (impulsivity, depression, suicidal behaviour, etc.). However, little importance was attached to the lived experience and ordinary life of adolescents, the language they use to describe their suffering, as well as the representations of health professionals and their care practices. The purpose of this thesis is to study the subjective and sociocultural dimensions of deliberate self-injury in adolescence. What are the main changes in taxonomies and etiological explanations of self-harm? What does it mean for adolescents and how is it experienced in their daily lives? What are the representations, attitudes and practices of mental health professionals regarding these phenomena? To answer these questions, this study is based on an analysis of secondary literature and an ethnographic work, conducted by observation and interview, in mental health institutions in Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France), among adolescents aged 12 to 19 (n=40) and health professionals (n=51). The different levels of analysis make it possible to highlight how the "corte" [cutting] or "scarification" has become a possible practice for adolescents, its social uses and the particular emotional tone associated with it in each society ("rabia" [anger] in Chile and "angoisse" [anguish] in France). While self-injury is a form of emotional regulation, adolescents' narratives show that it is simultaneously a form of social regulation, a paradoxical self-care strategy that restores continuity to ordinary life at times when the individual is confronted with an experience of loss of control and a crisis of agency. The study also shows the differences in emphasis between a familyist perspective that understand this behaviour as a symptom of a "dysfunctional family" (Chile) and a perspective that understand it as a form of "passage à l'acte" that reflects the excesses of "état limites" (France). Based on a description of care practices, it analyses the cultural logics of therapeutic rituals and the main difficulties for the institutional management of adolescent self-harm. Based on a comparative perspective of singularization by contrast, the study highlights the links between a system of collective representations, values and beliefs, and a grammar of suffering that regulates how emotions and malaise are expressed, qualified and treated in two individualistic societies
Desde finales del siglo XX, las prácticas auto-lesivas (cortarse o quemarse el tejido corporal) entre los adolescentes se han convertido en un problema importante para las instituciones y los profesionales de la salud mental. Los adolescentes que se autolesionan intencionalmente han adquirido una gran visibilidad social y se han transformado en una de las figuras contemporáneas del sujeto sufriente. Diversos estudios psico-médicos han proporcionado un análisis de las razones de esta práctica y de los problemas asociados a ella (impulsividad, depresión, comportamiento suicida, etc.). Sin embargo, en estos estudios se ha dado poca importancia a la experiencia subjetiva y a la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes, al lenguaje que utilizan para describir su sufrimiento, así como a las representaciones de los profesionales de la salud y sus prácticas de cuidado. El propósito de esta tesis es estudiar las dimensiones subjetivas y socioculturales de las prácticas auto-lesivas en la adolescencia. ¿Cuáles son los principales cambios en las taxonomías y las explicaciones etiológicas de la autolesión? ¿Qué sentidos le atribuyen los adolescentes y cómo se experimenta en su vida cotidiana? ¿Cuáles son las representaciones, actitudes y prácticas de los profesionales de la salud mental respecto a estos fenómenos? Para responder a estas preguntas, esta tesis se basa en un análisis de literatura secundaria y un estudio etnográfico, realizado mediante observación y entrevistas, en instituciones de salud mental de Santiago (Chile) y París (Francia), entre adolescentes de 12 a 19 años (n=40) y profesionales de la salud (n=51). Los diferentes niveles de análisis permiten mostrar cómo el "corte" o la "scarification" se ha convertido en una práctica posible para los adolescentes, sus usos sociales y el tipo particular de tono emocional asociado a esta práctica en cada sociedad ("rabia" en Chile y "angoisse" [angustia] en Francia). Si bien la autolesión aparece como una forma de regulación emocional, los relatos de los adolescentes muestran que se trata simultáneamente de una forma de regulación social, una estrategia paradójica de autocuidado que restaura la continuidad de la vida ordinaria en momentos en que el individuo se enfrenta a una sensación de pérdida de control y a una experiencia de crisis de la capacidad de acción. La tesis muestra además las diferencias de énfasis entre una perspectiva familiarista que interpreta este comportamiento como síntoma de una "familia disfuncional" (Chile) y una que lo interpreta como una forma de "paso al acto" que refleja los excesos de los "estados fronterizos" (Francia). A partir de una descripción de las prácticas terapéuticas y de cuidado, se analizan también las lógicas culturales de los rituales terapéuticos y las principales dificultades para la gestión institucional de la autolesión. La perspectiva comparativa de singularización por contraste que asume este estudio permite subrayar los vínculos entre los sistemas de representaciones colectivas, valores y creencias, y una gramática del sufrimiento que regula cómo se expresan, califican y tratan las emociones y las diversas formas de malestar en dos sociedades individualistas
Valastro, Orazio Maria. "Biographie et mythobiographie de soi : l'imaginaire de la souffrance dans l'écriture autobiographique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30008.
Full textThe new symbolic geography of mental health in Italy, which sustains the psychic and social well-being of the individual through himself and the community, also favors the restructuring of the relationship of the body in distress with the social body. The desire of reliance feeds the aesthetic self-creation, the art of autobiography practiced by ordinary people, revealing suffering persons in relation with a new presence to themselves, others and the world. The triangulation and analysis of a autobiographical corpus of writing stored at the Fondazione Nazionale Archivio Diaristico (Pieve Santo Stefano, Arezzo-Italia), and the corpus of images, texts and autobiographies, carried out during the activities of the Ateliers dell’Immaginario Autobiografico (Catania-Italia), support a deep comprehension of the desire of autobiography. The analysis of sensitive syntax, the forms of sensitiveness and of the poetical, mythic and collective consciousness, discovers a synthetic and dramatic nocturnal imagery, revealing autobiographic body which acquires meaning and metaphorical and symbolic support. Therefore a sociology of the self-writing questions the specific forms of textualization of the symbolic and social imagery, showing us a society which tries to show itself through its wanderings of autobiographic research, discovering the meaning of our existence and of our time. The social and cultural subject myth-analyzed of the self-writings in suffering questions us finally regards the transformation of the symbolic system and the changings of social values
Hébert, Nathalie. "La façon de percevoir et de vivre la souffrance psychologique issue d'un deuil ou d'une peine d'amour au Québec et en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28848/28848.pdf.
Full textTsala, Tsala Jacques-Philippe. "La femme beti entre tradition et modernité : une demande en souffrance (région du Sud-Cameroun)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR10001.
Full textWhat are the effects of social changes on individuals and their relationships in africa today ? This study is based on the case of Beti women in Southern Cameroon. In the thesis the complaints of urban and peri-urban beti women with respects to difficulties in their relationships with their husband and or child are analysed. This conflictual situation reveals the complex relationships which exists between tradition and modernity. For the advent of modernity has accelerated the dispersion and the fragmentation of the identificatory poles thanks to which individuals find support for their ego. By way of consequence, caught between tradition and modernity, the beti woman tends to reconstruct an oedipus-type triangle in which she finds an infantile type of security. This exposes her to the risk of a specific pathology if she is unable to distinguish the individual from the person
Sun, Jiawen. "Corps et politique dans la Chine contemporaine : sociologie de la souffrance parmi les anciens jeunes instruits envoyés dans les fermes militaires pendant la Révolution culturelle." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0164.
Full textIn this thesis, we select the educated youth (zhiqing) who have been sent to the military farms (Bingtuan) during the Cultural Revolution as our objet of research. Through the analysis of their oral history, we examine the difficulties and the traumas those educated youth have encountered in their life-course from the perspective of sociology of the body and medical anthropology, with the aim of finding out the social and political origins of the suffering endured by this “lost generation”. Firstly, by applying the oral history research and the life-course approach, we comprehensively present the various sufferings encountered by different groups of educated youth. Concerning the genre of suffering, we explore their physical pain and mental trauma. In terms of the diachronic nature of suffering, we interrogate the injuries that have occurred in the past and the psychological or physical traumas that have had lasting effects over the years. Secondly, within the theoretical framework of the sociology of value, we analyze the value crisis, the deprivation and the reconstruction of values experienced by the generation of educated youth. We point out that the multiple deprivations of value suffered by the zhiqing during the process of social change have been exactly the social origin of their sense of “being lost”. In addition, the collective narratives of the educated youths about their physical pain actually reflect their hope that society and the authorities would recognize their sacrifices. Thirdly, from a historical perspective, we explain the particular concepts of body politics that the generation of educated youth, generally regarded as the “Maoist New Men”, has been inculcated. We examine the nationalization, the revolutionization and the collectivization of the Chinese body in the social context of national salvation since the end of the Qing dynasty. We propose that the radicalization of the “Maoist New Men” is not the result of contingency, but of deep historical, social and political reasons. Finally, we explore the possibility of saving the historical truth from the structural amnesia. Our ambition is to write the history of the Maoist era in a broader historical and social context, and to integrate the suffering of the Chinese during this era with the universal human suffering, so that similar tragedies would never happen again
Le, Lay Stéphane. "Autonomie individuelle et précarisation : dispositifs publics et souffrance sociale en classes populaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00818951.
Full textPonge, Rémy. "Pour ne plus perdre son esprit au travail. Sociologie historique d'une préoccupation syndicale pour la santé des travailleurs-ses (1884-2007)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV047.
Full textStress, burn-out, depression or even "psychosocial risks" are all categories which today serve to designate the multiple forms of psychological suffering linked to professional activity. The ills of the mind, however, are not a recent phenomenon. On the contrary, they have taken on forms and meanings that vary throughout history.So what about work? From when, under what circumstances and for what reasons could he be apprehended as a source of psychological suffering? How were these sufferings denounced? On the contrary, how can we explain the social invisibility of the effects of work on workers' mental health? What role did the trade unions, responsible for representing and defending employees and their health, play in this story? Today, we have few answers to these questions. It is this history that this thesis wishes to trace from a particular attention to trade union organizations. Trade unionists, as workers' representatives, are called upon to play a leading role in safeguarding their health and improving their working conditions. Our research focuses on the activity of two trade union confederations, the CGT and the CFDT, with different origins, history and political positioning and in the trade union field. We pay particular attention to the role played by the confederal counselors, the actors in charge of implementing confederal policies.Both the CFDT and the CGT have never abandoned the field of working conditions, on which permanent staff have always been in charge. However, this subject, often carried by militants with atypical trajectories and profiles in the trade union space, has only rarely been a political priority. In addition, the theme of mental health was taken up by the CGT in 1954 and by the CFDT ten years later. Nevertheless, it was the subject of intermittent management until the turn of the 2000s. This thesis thus sheds light on the dynamics and dynamics of taking charge of and concealing the stakes of psychological health, which are linked both to the methods of organisation and division of labour within the trade union confederations, to the careers and socialisation of activists in responsibility and to their inclusion in militant and scientific networks. It situates the practices of confederal officials in the evolution of knowledge and the legal framework of health by analysing their role in the social visibility of psychological suffering and in their trade union care
Brossard, Baptiste. "Les conditions sociales de l'automutilation juvenile : une approche sociologique." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0034.
Full textThesis proposes a sociological approach to self-injury practices, a matter which is traditionally studied by psychology. This practice is defined as deliberate and repetitive self-inflicted injury, which is socially stigmatized and performed in order to relieve oneself of some kind of malaise this is done without any conscious suicidal, sexual or esthetical intentions. The empirical material is mostly composed of repeated in depth interviews with adolescents and young adults who were recruited in online forums and mental health establishments. Following a methodological discussion on the particularities of these fields of investigation, the analysis is presented around two main lines. First, I provide a concrete description of how self-injury occurs in regard to the life trajectories of the affected individuals, the everyday occurrence of this behavior, and the practical modalities of such acts. Second, the search for some "social conditions" of self-injury is the crux of the analysis. Individual case studies elaborate the three dimensions of self-harming practices -secrecy, deviance and self-aggressivity -which contribute to its effectiveness and relative choice. This perspective leads to a sociological interpretation where self-injury is considered in light of the social positions into families of the subjects, the issue being crucial in their school lives, their social belonging, as well as in their corporeal experiences and gender identities. This thesis provides a reflection on the social circumstances which facilitate the recourse to self -injury. It leads to an examination of such practices as a technique of self-control
Pouliot, Édith. "La perception de la douleur chronique : Analyse sociologique du vécu douloureux au quotidien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30522/30522.pdf.
Full textChronic pain is a subjective and unique experience. The story of 11 respondents reveals its singularity, even though they all suffer from the same pain. Each individual feels pain their own way. Several factors define and influence this experience through time. The significance of pain is at the core of the present analysis, to understand the suffering chronic pain patients’ identity and the impact of pain on their lives, their social relations and status… in other words, on all the aspects of their existence.
Vinot, Frédéric. "Des fondements vocaux de la socialité : insertion de l'objet voix dans la clinique de l'exclusion." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE2005.
Full textThis work tries to show how the consideration of the psychic representatives of the invoking drive (J. Lacan) can direct differently the clinical practices in the domain of social exclusion. To understand it, is at first to abandon a conception of the psychic suffering based on narcissism, to give to the drive the place of fundamental concept that returns to it. The central hypothesis thus concerns what we can understand as the process of a vocal instinctual (drive) renouncement, indispensable to the establishment of social link and sociality. Cultural and clinical examples are given. Finally, two types of practices are probations of this hypothesis: in the one (vocational counselling) the symptomatic research for professional vocation is understood as call of call. In other one (accompaniment of persons in precarious situation) the appearance of a vocal pleasure is to be in link with an unconscious tropism for destitution
Lizaire, Jean evenson. "« La pratique du rap en Haïti : un lieu d'autoformation et de subjectivation »." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD086.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is based on the self-training and the subjectivation side of the practice of rap music, both aspects are until there unexplored in this musical practice. It examines the way that individual become a competent rapper, according to the criteria implicitly created in the community practice around of rap music in the Haii political and economical context. It also reviews the construction of the rapper actors, based on the analysis of composite datas : text musics, video clips, biographical datas picked up from interviews with rappers and rap fans at Port-au-Prince, between 2013 and 2016. The proposed ideas are developed according to the epistemological, theoretic, and methodological filiation of the biographical approach. The picked datas allow us to understand that being a rapper depends on complex relations between informal and formal knowledges, on deferent moments of self-training process in whishes individual is confronted with knowledge challenge and self-challenge.Not necessarily an “engaged music”,the haitian rap is a “lamentation music”, a way for haitian rappers and rap fans to express their pain. In other words, because it does not catalyze serious collective movements, this music is rather a way for young people who want to express their feelings of despair, affliction, rage and even their shame in front of Haiti's chaotic situation. The Haitian rap has a most cathartic function rather than a political one
Dif-Pradalier, Maël. "Libéralisation du marché de l'énergie, réorganisation du travail et mobilisation collective dans l'entreprise. Le cas de Gaz de Bordeaux." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641478.
Full textDif-Pradalier, Maël. "Libéralisation du marché de l'énergie, réorganisation du travail et mobilisation collective dans l'entreprise : le cas de Gaz de Bordeaux." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21632/document.
Full textFormerly in a monopolistic situation and running on a politico-administrative mode, Gaz de Bordeaux is a network industry now part of a competitive market. The present case study of this local public utility is meant to identify the nature of its modernisation and to measure its effects as well on the system of social regulations and professional identities, as on the capacities of action and forms of appropriation/resistance developed by the various categories of actors within the company. From a methodological point of view, we pledged ourselves with a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, aiming at articulating analysis of the work being done with that of collective action, both considered as linked realities. As work gains in intensity, in both senses of productive pressure (do more in less time and with fewer staff) and interest (given the need expressed by every person to come true by the reality of its work), the company appears as disrespectful of the quality of work possible and the capacities mobilized by individuals that modern management precisely contributed to develop. Faced with this reorganisation of work, labor unions struggle to grasp the issues at stake in modern employment relationships and translate individual complaints in renewed collective claims. Despite increasing individual withdrawal behaviours, working collectives recompose on new bases. We therefore revisit the origin of suffering at work; from its contemporary mutations, we present evidence for what we believe is one of its current major problems: the one at stake around what employees call a "well done work", at the very moment when management is concerned with quality
Khadra, Salma. "Garçon fantasmé, fille née : étude psychanalytique des enjeux de la réalité sociale patriarcale sur le destin du féminin chez des femmes libanaises." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC033.
Full textLebanon is based on a patriarchal society whose multiple demands include the birth of a boy within families. We have seen that this requirement is supported by the women themselves, who say they want more than anything the motherhood of a son, if possible the first born. This desire so often expressed seems to support Freud's phallocentric theory, which poses for women a primary desire for the penis and its resolution through the birth of a male child. However, other theories on the psychosexual development of women have already emerged among Freud's direct disciples and then in contemporary psychoanalytical theorizations.We wanted to explore this question by studying, through clinical research interviews and the passing of projective tests, the psychosexual development of young women to whom from an early age, their environment and especially their mother, had explicitly told them that they had wanted a boy during their pregnancy.If this did not allow us to settle the debate between phallocentric theory and other theories, our work has shown that when the unconscious desire, certainly driven by its unconscious conflicts related to its own psychosexual development, meets the desire to respond as well as possible to the social constraint of patriarchal society, women enjoy a certain fulfillment. On the other hand, it must be noted that, otherwise, women pay a heavy price in the form of accidents or voluntary perinatal events and great psychological suffering. We have also been able to highlight the induction of disorders in early relationships with their newborn daughter who make the bed at a deadly transgenerational repetition. Thus, in turn, and despite the fact that they regret having suffered from their status as born girls, they wish to give birth to a boy
Martin, Emmanuel. "Manager en dernier ressort : le travail de l'encadrement de proximité à EDF." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739382.
Full textLahmadi, Ghizlaine. "La créativité comme prévention du stress et de la souffrance au travail : de l'analyse des " pathologies de la communication " du cas des aides à domicile à celle de l'expérience de créativité collective chez les employés de Dassault." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880322.
Full textParron, Audrey. "Le passage à l'âge adulte des jeunes souffrant de troubles psychiques : enjeux d'autonomisation dans la prise en charge du handicap psychique entre dépendance et engagement des jeunes usagers/patients." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681834.
Full textLaurin-Lamothe, Audrey. "L'investissement subjectif des travailleurs : contribution à la sociologie critique du management." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4139/1/M12070.pdf.
Full textDontigny, Morin Marie-Élaine. "Le cognitive enhancement en milieu universitaire : entre souffrance psychique individuelle, culture de performance et insécurités sociales." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15910.
Full textThis master’s thesis assesses the underlying dynamics in the cognitive enhancement phenomenon observed in Western contemporary universities and the social context in which it emerges. Detaching our perspective from the analysis of healthcare and law fields of study as well as from the usual quantitative, clinical, atheoretical and over all moralizing approach, we aimed to explore the use of psychotropic substances in humanities and social science students, to better understand the rationales behind those behaviours and to situate them in their broader context. Thirteen humanities and social science students were interviewed regarding their past or present use of psychotropics as cognitive enhancers in academia. Results suggest a gap between their practices and those of the healthcare and law students, in that a wider variety of psychotropics are used as enhancers ; it also shows that the use of cognitive enhancers parts from the medical logic as well as that of addiction. First, the students’ practices are often oriented by an existential disorientation and it seems that their resort to psychotropics assists a quest for control, understanding and stability in themselves and in a world perceived as perpetually unstable. Furthermore, those practices serve a wish to satisfy a range of uncertain and threatening conditions related to external demands as apprehended, more than to treat any medical condition regarding cognition. We believe that the underlying rationales behind the humanities and social science university students use of psychotropics fit into the performance oriented contemporary discourse and injunctions in the sense that their individual suffering exposes the limits of what society expects from them.
Gendron, Josiane. "Vivre entre les murs : l’expérience d’hommes incarcérés pour la première fois." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4062.
Full textThis study investigates how first time inmates experience life in prison. In order to gain greater knowledge of correctional centers and to better understand the impact of incarceration on prisoners, we carried out qualitative semi-structured interviews with twenty-one first time prisoners in two Québec prisons. Our analysis suggests that although much improvement has taken place in correctional facilities in the past thirty years, for instance the incursion of society inside the walls, the decentralization of power and the granting of inmate’s rights, prisons remain “total” and “disciplinary” institutions. Prisoners still experience the pains of imprisonment, still experience extreme fear and still suffer greatly. Prison adaptation is explained as a way for inmates to relive their suffering. Our findings suggest that the pursuit of control and efficient stress coping enables first-time inmates to attain a certain well being within the prison walls.
Charland-Finaldi, Felicia. "Victime ou pas? : le vécu des proches de personnes ayant commis un crime grave médiatisé." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20088.
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