Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soufre – Composés organiques – Absorption et adsorption'
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Navarro, Pedro. "Etude du comportement électrochimique des électrodes à pâte de carbone : application à l'étude des espèces adsorbées sur solide non électroactif." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10025.
Full textCaturla, Latour Virginie. "Elaboration, caractérisation et mise en oeuvre pour la décontamination d'effluents gazeux, de matériaux photocatalytiques originaux à base de photosensibilisateurs supportés." Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3026.
Full textThe goal of this work was to evaluate a photocatalytic process in the gas phase on test pollutants, i. E. Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and toluene. Original photocatalytic materials, based on aromatic sensitizers in a silica network, were elaborated and their efficiency was compared to that of titanium dioxide. In a first step, the oxidation of DMS and toluene was studied in solution with different sensitizers, and only 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) and 9,10-anthraquinone (ANT) were found to fulfil the defined requirements. In a second step, for gas phase treatment, the chosen photosensitizers were fixed on silica, either by encapsulation in sol-gel monoliths or by physisorption on commercial silica beads. These hybrids materials were characterised and their photocatalytic activity at the gas-solid interface estimated by DMS and toluene oxidation. The choice of the photosensitizers, (photocatalytic efficacy, activation in the visible range) and the matrix properties (transparency and capacity of adsorption) are key parameters. DCA encapsulated sol-gel monoliths were found to be the most efficient materials for DMS conversion. On the contrary hydrophobic materials with better absorption capacity appear to be promising for the photoxidation of toluene. These results indicate that supported photosensitizers may find some possible applications for the treatment of polluted gases
Hazourli, Sabir. "Adsorption et électrosorption de composés organiques sur charbon actif en grains." Pau, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PAUU3006.
Full textMocho, Pierre. "Adsorption de composés organiques volatils sur charbon actif : régénération in situ du charbon par chauffage par induction électromagnétique." Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3015.
Full textCosnier, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption et de la désorption de composés organiques volatils chlorés sur charbons actifs." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10156.
Full textAdsorption and desorption of water and chlorinated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in static (adsorption isotherms) and dynamic conditions (breakthrough curves) have been performed on different activated carbons (ACs) (granulated ACs and activated carbons fibers) with different textural characteristics and surface chemistry. The main objective of this study is to separate the different component of a chlorinated VOCs mixture in the presence or not of water vapor. It appears that both porous texture and surface chemistry of ACs as physicochemical characteristics of the probes have a strong influence on their adsorption (or desorption) process (mechanism and kinetics). A special attention has been drawn on the influence of the water presence: at high relative humidity rate, ACs adsorption properties (adsorbed amount and kinetics) for chlorinated VOCs are strongly affected. Separation of the dichloromethane/trichloroethylene mixture has been successfully realized whatever the experimental conditions. Last, an exploratory study on the AC hydrophobisation possibilities by the graphting of non-polar groups in liquid phase has been undertaken in order to limit the water presence effects
Canard, Gabriel. "Matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques incorporant des métallocorroles de cobalt(III) : application à l'adsorption sélective du monoxyde de carbone." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS046.
Full textSong, Wenli. "Contrôle de l'émission de composés organiques volatils par adsorption en lit fluidisé circulant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MARANZANA_G.pdf.
Full textCotte, France. "Absorption en colonne garnie et en tour à atomisation : application au traitement de composés organiques volatils." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3021.
Full textAmararene, Fatiha. "Absorption de composés soufrés par des solvants à base d'alcanolamines." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1138.
Full textClément, Bruno. "Dispositif automatique de dosage des composés organiques volatils (COV) biogéniques. Application à l'étude des terpènes atmosphèriques au cours de la campagne BIATEX/EUROTRAC." Toulouse, INPT, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPT010G.
Full textLalanne, Franck. "Etude des potentialités du lavage biologique pour le traitement d'un mélange complexe de composés organiques volatils." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU3018.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study the potential of a semi-industrial pilot bioscrubber for the treatment of a complex mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC). Its originality lies in the complexity of the treated mixture, which contains eleven pollutants of various chemical nature (esters, ketones, alcohol, aromatic and chlorinated compounds). Initially, the pilot unit was equipped with a packed column. The tests showed that, in terms of elimination of the compounds, there is an improvement of the abatement of poorly soluble componunds when they are mixed with hydrophilic compounds. In terms of microflore adaptation, it was shown that the elimination of VOC's by micro-organisms would be induced by the accumulation of these compounds in the aqueous phase. Attaining of a value threshold (70-80 mg/l water) would be necessary to start the biological breakdown of these compounds. In the stationary state, the compounds transferred in the aqueous phase are eliminated by the microflore. The scrubbing liquid is consequently regenerated before its return at the head of column and the percentage of abatement is thus comparable to the percentage of elimination of the compounds. Moreover, the disturbance generated by the increase of the pollutant load is transitory, because a new stationary state emerged. Nevertheless, it was possible to approximate the operational limits of the system: the liquid/gas mass transfer of the hydrophobic compounds and the clogging of the column after twenty weeks of use. To overcome these problems, the packed column was replaced by a spraying column. The results showed that the percentages of elimination were the same. The use of the spraying column freed the system from the clogging. However, the operational limit of the pilot unit remains the liquid/gas mass transfer of the hydrophobic compounds. To optimize this transfer, a second dispersed liquid phase was used. Preliminary tests were carried out on an absorption assembly. An improvement of the transfer in the liquid phase for the aromatic compounds was shown. The transposition on the semi-industrial pilot demonstrated a clear improvement of the percentages of abatement of these compounds
Messalhi, Abdelrani. "Etude des compétitions d'adsorption de composés azotés et soufrés dans des conditions industrielles d'hydrotraitement catalytique." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20189.
Full textDam, Marcel Van. "Absorption sélective du dioxyde de soufre par des solvants organiques : étude des paramètres d'interaction, de solubilité et de cinétique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL055N.
Full textDarracq, Guillaume. "Couplage de l’absorption dans une phase organique et de la biodégradation dans un réacteur multiphasique. Application au traitement de Composés Organiques Volatils hydrophobes." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCR0005.
Full textDelâge, Frédéric. "Echauffement des lits de charbon actif lors de l'adsorption de composés organiques volatils : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Poitiers, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000POIT2284.
Full textBiard, Pierre-François. "Contribution au développement d’un procédé de lavage chimique compact : traitement du sulfure d’hydrogène par le chlore à l’échelle semi-industrielle et de COV odorants par oxydation avancée ozone/peroxyde d’hydrogène à l’échelle du laboratoire." Rennes 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541110.
Full textTo increase the compactness of chemical scrubbing processes for the deodorization of waste gases, an intense gas-liquid contactor has been developed. It works at co-current with a high superficial gas velocity to obtain high mass transfer performances and reduced residence time. The first part of the study focuses on the transition of the process to the semi-industrial scale for hydrogen sulphide treatment on a waste water treatment plant. The results demonstrate interesting transfer efficiencies (until 95%). The next step was to develop and optimize a scrubbing solution suitable for the treatment of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), based on the combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide (peroxone process) using dimethyldisulfide as test pollutant. Hydroxyl radicals formed by ozone decomposition allowed to enhance DMDS mass transfer. Finally, the peroxone process was tested with the implementation of the scrubbing liquid recirculation for the treatment of several VOC with different chemical natures. The oxidation optimisation allowed to re-use the scrubbing liquid, which represents an interesting cost reduction for this process
Clavelin, Pierre. "Contribution à l’étude de la pollution des sols par des composés organochlorés : : préparation de mélanges témoins - : Etude comparative de techniques d'extraction." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0088.
Full textIn a first step, we have tried to prepare dry or humidified mixtures composed with clays or real soils homogeneously spiked by organochlorine pollutants (Pyralène Tl, chlorophenols). Beyond the homogeneity aspect, we wanted to know if the preparation procedure allow to obtain pollutant adsorption on the absorbent. Finally we propose a protocol (with a rotary evaporator) satisfying the homogeneity critter. However, we observe some pollutant losses and we show that, for dry mixtures, the pollutant is not adsorbed but only coats soil particles. We demonstrate the water effect on adsorption. In a second step, with these synthetic mixtures, we compared the efficiency of four types of extraction techniques: thermal way (micro sublimation, thermal desorption, pyro-injection), by liquid organic solvents (Soxhlet, Soxtec), by carbon dioxide (liquid, gas or supercritical) and by water leaching (at various temperature and pression conditions). Good recoveries are found with techniques using temperature and/or pressure (micro-sublimation) an and an solvent (water, carbon dioxide or organic solvent). As well as adsorption, water influences desorption quality
Marcic, Christophe. "Evaluation du transfert des polluants organostatiques dans le système sol-plante à partir de l'épandage de boue de station d'épuration." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3027.
Full textDaubert, Isabelle. "Etude de l'association d'un contacteur gaz/liquide et d'un réacteur biologique pour le traitement d'effluents gazeux industriels." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0024.
Full textAmong all kinds of atmospheric pollution, VOCs have raised a lot of interest recently. For high flow rates of low polluted gaseous effluents, one of the most suitable technologies seems to be biological treatment. However, industrial applications are limited because of impracticalities including short useful life or large plant size. In this situation, the use of the aero-ejector, a gas/liquid contactor with high transfer efficiency, is one solution for decreasing plant dimensions, if pressure drop is reduced. This research work deals with an evaluation of aero-ejector characteristics and performances and analyses the feasibility of a process associating the aero-ejector with a biological reactor for gaseous effluent treatment. Three model molecules were used ; the ethanol, the methyl ethyl ketone and the butyl acetate. The first section presents VOC treatment context, including existing technologies and their limitations. Descriptions of their application fields and costs allow comparison of these technologies. An analysis and optimisation of the aero-ejector performance as a mass transfer system is undertaken in the second section. Modifications of the internal geometry allowed the definition of a configuration suitable for industrial conditions concerning pressure drop and efficiency. A systematic study of the influence of operating conditions on transfer performances leads to the comprehension of the aero-ejector role in the contactor and to the definition of sizing criteria as a function of pollutants and technological constraints. Finally, in the third section, the system combining the aero-ejector with a biological reactor is studied for the complete treatment of a gaseous effluent polluted with several VOCs
Zein, Eddin Mohamed Yahia. "Caractérisation de catalyseurs bimétalliques cobalt-manganèse issus de carbonyles, actifs en hydrogénation du CO." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10094.
Full textTaleb, Belambri Nour-Ourida. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption d'un tensioactif zwittérionique sur électrode de mercure." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20214.
Full textOndarts, Michel. "Evaluation des performances d’un bio-procédé de dépollution de l’air intérieur." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3019.
Full textFor many years, energy policy has led to poor indoor air quality. Nowadays, Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) is one of the main causes of some diseases increasing as asthma, allergies. In this study, two biofilters performances for IAP treatment are evaluated. The biofilters are packed with compost (green waste compost or green waste compost/activated carbon) for IAP removal. For this purpose, a protocol including a model effluent as representative as possible of IAP, defined by numerous compounds with different physical and chemical properties at very low concentration, was established. During biofiltration operation, the 2 biofilters exhibited high removal efficiencies (up to 90 %) during the first 40 days for 6 volatile organic compounds and nitrogen dioxide. The following days, the decrease of bed moisture led to removal efficiency decreases. The experimental removal efficiencies achieved for hydrophobic compounds as limonene and undecane, close to 100 %, together with a model, have pointed out that complex transfer phenomena involving both adsorption and absorption occur during biofiltration. Only trichloroethylene, known to be hard to biodegrade, was not biodegraded: only sorption and desorption phenomena were observed. In these starvation conditions, only a biomass fraction could be maintained in the biofilter. Pollutants and also compost were carbon sources necessary for this maintenance. However, compost biodegradation generated by-products. Finally, this biological activity and the different pollutant transfer (adsorption and absorption) allowed biofilters to remove typical IAP with different physical and chemical properties at low concentration
Leclerc, Hervé. "Caractérisation par spectroscopie infrarouge de solides organiques inorganiques de type MOF (Metal Organic Framework) : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2017.
Full textThis study reports the characterization by in situ infrared spectroscopy of an isostructural family of four porous MOFs (MOF: Metal Organic Framework) denoted MIL-100(X) (MIL: Material from the Institute Lavoisier) with X: Al3+, Fe3+, Al3+ and V3+. The characterizations of the metallic centers and acido-basic properties have been performed at different temperature of activation by adsorption or not of probe molecules such as CO, CO2, CD3CN, pyridine and propyne. The first part devoted to the MIL-100(Cr), reveals the lack of any significant basic sites but the occurrence of Cr3+ Lewis acid sites located on the trimers. Adsorption of water or alcohols transforms the Lewis sites into Bronsted acid sites whose strength depends on the nature of the adsorbate and of the complex formed. The second part is dedicated to the study of the MIL-100(Fe) material. It reveals first the presence of Fe3+ sites able to be reduced into Fe2+ sites by thermal treatment under vacuum and secondly demonstrates the occurrence of a pi-back donation effect which increases the interactions between Fe2+ unsaturated sites and molecules such as CO, propene and propyne. The spectroscopic study of MIL-100(Al) presented in the third part reports for the first time a precise characterization of unsaturated pentahedral Al3+ sites present in a large amount and in a well defined crystallographic environment. The last chapter presents the characterization of MIL-100(V) activated at different temperatures: nature of the extra framework species and of unsaturated metallic sites
Chemat, Farid. "Le chauffage micro-ondes dans les procédés de synthèse organique : application à l'hydrolyse des nitriles et à la pyrolyse de l'urée." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT017G.
Full textRaux, Julie. "Transferts des contaminants organiques dans les bassins versants du Pays du Roumois et du Plateau du Neubourg." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731536.
Full textChauveau, Romain. "Modélisation multiparamètre du phénomène d'adsorption : détermination du temps de percée des cartouches de masques à gaz." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0233/document.
Full textActivated carbon is the sorbent used in respirator cartridges to purify breathing air by adsorbing organic vapors. Owing to an important microporous structure, the activated charcoal features a high specific area efficient to capture toxic compounds by adsorption. Predicting service life time of respirator cartridges to protect users working in a polluted atmosphere is a mission of the Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité. The Wheeler-Jonas approach, provided with a suitable equilibrium model, is a worldwide used equation to get service life times of respirator cartridges exposed to a constant flow of dry air polluted by a single volatile organic compound (VOC). While this model has been improved in recent years, it does not adequately describe the behavior of the cartridges in the presence of moisture or copolluant. The present study aims to build a numerical model to describe dynamic adsorption of single volatile organic compounds and mixtures with or without relative humidity in the air. Single water vapor adsorption has been modeled on a coaled fixed-bed, it provides a useful description of water adsorption on activated carbon and the impact of water on the service life time of a respirator cartridge. Numerous experiments have been realized to get equilibrium data of single VOCs and mass transfer constants to describe diffusion of adsorbates through micropores. Indeed, these data have been implemented in the model to describe adsorption of mixtures. Additional experiments have been realized to study coadsorption of organic vapors and dynamic adsorption of a single VOC in presence of humidity. The results are compared with simulations to appreciate the pertinence of the model. The present work provides solutions tailored to the complexity of the subject
Hauck, Wilhelm. "Procédé d'adsorption sur charbon actif avec régénération thermique de la colonne par induction électromagnétique : application au traitement d'air chargé en composés organiques volatils." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL011N.
Full textVuong, François. "Modélisation du comportement des cartouches de protection respiratoire : exposition à des atmosphères complexes de vapeurs organiques et effet des cycles d’utilisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0255/document.
Full textVolatile organic compounds (VOC) represent a chemical risk for workers. Respiratory protective cartridges are effective equipment against vapours exposure. The objective of the present PhD thesis is the modelling of cartridge exposure in more complex situations: presence of vapours mixture and reuse cycle, from a dynamic adsorption experimental study in column bed. Further to the contribution of R. Chauveau (PhD thesis -24/11/2014), the present manuscript extends the study vapours mixtures adsorption on activated carbon. The second section is devoted to model a cycle use in 3 steps (exposure - storage – reuse), for 6 VOC: acetone, acetonitrile, 2-butanone, cyclohexane, dichloromethane and ethanol. VOC mixtures exposure and kinetic study by the method of perturbative chromatography have been carried out. The service life is correctly predicted for acetone/ethanol and cyclohexane/heptane mixtures. A deviation has been observed for ethanol/cyclohexane mixture because the adsorption equilibrium has not been accurately reproduced by model. These works have also pointed out inconsistency in the preventive approach which assimilates a mixture exposure to single vapour exposure by the most volatile compound at concentration the sum of that of all components of the mixture. Regarding the risks related to cartridge reuse, immediate breakthrough upon reuse (IBUR) has been experimentally recorded. This behaviour can be described by a static diffusion model. The mass transfer in the particle by surface diffusion is the main reason. The risk of IBUR is higher for fast diffusing VOC: acetonitrile, acetone and dichloromethane. An assessment is suggested in order to distinguish the properties of the system which can influence the occurrence of IBUR
Marrocchi, Yves. "Incorporation des gaz rares dans la matière organique primitive du système solaire." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00258016.
Full textOuoba, Samuel. "Adsorption et transport d'un Composé Organique Volatil (COV) dans un sol hygroscopique. Application aux pesticides dans un sol aride." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731315.
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