Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Soufre – Mines et extraction'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Soufre – Mines et extraction.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gely, Roger. "Contribution à l'étude thermodynamique et cinétique de la lixiviation du sulfure de zinc en milieu sulfurique." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066051.
Full textNgoyanadji, Nicolas. "Le gisement de Pb-Zn de Largentière (Ardèche-France) : apport de l'étude des inclusions fluides et des isotopes du soufre au problème de sa genèse." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10051.
Full textKinscher, Jannes Lennart. "The analysis and interpretation of microseismicity induced by a collapsing solution mining cavity : A contribution for progress in hazard assessment of underground cavities." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0022/document.
Full textIn order to improve our understanding of hazardous underground cavities and its microseismic response, the development and collapse of a ~ 200 m wide salt solution mining cavity was monitored at Cerville-Buissoncourt in the Lorraine basin in NE France. The majority of the obtained dataset (~80%) was constituted of numerous unusual microseismic swarming events (~50.000 event files). This thesis presents innovative methods able to treat this specific microseismic data set, whose results provide new and fundamental insights into the principal characteristics of caving and collapsing related microseismicity and hazard assessment of excavated underground formations. The principal results are as follows: (i) the individual microseismic events are comparable to small natural tectonic earthquakes with moment magnitudes Mw ranging from around -3 to 1. (ii) Source mechanisms for most microseismic events are remarkable stable and demonstrate a predominant thrust faulting (double-couple) regime with faults similarly oriented NW-SE, dipping 35°-55° , what might be related to the presence of systematically arranged pre-existing fractures. (iii) The origin of microseismic swarming is suggested in the incapacity to sustain larger strains and to release larger stresses, what seems to be related to the mechanical constitution of the rock strata overlying the cavity (i.e. low strength materials). (iv) Caving and collapsing periods at the cavity roof are associated with systematic, self- reinforcing dynamics and have a distinct microseismic response, clearly observable from statistical analysis, which can be precisely described by empirical laws. The performed analysis and interpretation of the microseismicity at Cerville-Buissoncourt has shown that microseismic monitoring is a useful tool to constrain the mechanical and dynamical characteristics of an evolving and collapsing hazardous underground cavity
Mbodj, Faty Bineta. "Boom aurifère à l'est du Sénégal; l'ouest du Mali et au nord-est de la Guinée : mutations socio-économiques et spatiales d'anciennes marges géographiques et économiques." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010566.
Full textGherman, Vasile-Daniel. "Recherches sur les relations entre populations microbiennes et minéralisations des spéléothèmes dans les mines d'Oravita (Roumanie) : le problème des transformations du soufre et du fer." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4043/document.
Full textLes parois de l'ancienne mine d'or de Kiesberg (Oravita, SO Roumanie), alimentées par les eaux météoriques qui percolent par les microfissures, sont colonisées par des consortiums microbiens diversifiés. Leur fonctionnement repose sur la chimiolithoautotrophie, impliquant l'oxidation de minéraux, essentiellement des sulfures abondants dans la roche, d'ou la formation de différents composés minéraux (hydroxydes de fer, jarosite, composés alumineux amorphes) qui se déposent à l'extérieur des cellules vivantes et forment des accumulations de divers types. Comprendre le fonctionnement de ces microécosystèmes et la génèse des dépôts minéraux induits nécessitait un inventaire microbiologique (techniques classiques et méthode génétique), le suivi au cours du temps des populations des microorganismes en parallèle avec la chimie des solutions, et l'établissement des rapports spatiaux et temporels entre minéraux et organismes, nécessitant des observations macroscopiques et microscopiques par l'utilisation de la microscopie électronique (MET, MEB-EDS, CRYO-MEB)
Symington, Sager M. Sheena. "The environmental and social history of the O'Donnell roast yard and townsite near Sudbury, Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ40488.pdf.
Full textSamson, Daniel Joseph. "Industry and improvement, state and class formations in Nova Scotia's coal-mining countryside, 1790-1864." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20585.pdf.
Full textWillis, Bruce L. "The environmental effects of the Yukon Gold Rush, 1896-1906, alterations to land, destruction of wildlife, and disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28687.pdf.
Full textAl, Saab Dani. "Etude de la production et de la migration des hydrocarbures dans le bassin du Donets en Ukraine : Aspects économiques et Exploitation." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10071/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the capacity of two different humic coals to generate hydrocarbons.Two bituminous humic coals were selected for this study in objective to evaluate their petroleum potentiality, a Cretaceous coal from the basin of Sabinas, and two Carboniferous coals from the basin of Donets. Pyrolysis in confined system was used in this work. More oil, wet gas, solid bitumen and even methane were produced during the pyrolysis of Donets coals than its amount produced from Olmos coal.The obtained results of modeling study of the petroleum system in Donets Basin show that: coalification level increases towards the E & SE parts of studied area of Donbas, the major erosion phase occurred at late Permian time with maximum total erosion in the SE part, the main phase of hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Carboniferous and early Permian subsidence phase, three phases of oil expulsion from source rock in Donets Basin were predicted, the major quantity of trapped methane is located in the southern and northern parts of main anticline.Finally, in this work a simple experimental relation between the generation of methane and %Rr of coal was formalized and validated by using field data and the results of the modeling study in the basin
Huart, Jérémy. "Extraction et analyse d’objets-clés pour la structuration d’images et de vidéos." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0017.
Full textThe compact description of image and video content is currently a difficult task. We are interested in the objects that make up this content because of the representative power of these objects. After a review of the state of the art, this thesis presents a local segmentation method based on the irregular graph pyramid algorithm, which allows us to extract, using low-level features, regions of interest comparable to semantic objects. This method is used to precisely excise objects from still images, first in an interactive environment and then in an entirely automatic one. A motion estimation allows us to extend the process to videos by extracting the foreground entities from every frame. A filtering and a clustering of these entities allow us to retain only the most representative of each real object in the shot. These representations are called key-objects and key-views. The quality of the experimental results allows us to propose some future applications of our methods
Zanetta, Valérie. "La géohistoire des mines de fer de Lorraine." Nancy 2, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc132/2002NAN21019.pdf.
Full textWith this thesis, I have studied the evolution of Lorraine's mining landscape, from the nineteenth century to present day. But before all, I wanted to show the impact of mining on this landscape. In order to get to know it, I chose to start my work with an inventory of the present landscape, by defining the different parts which make it up. The only goal was to see what the present landscape looked like. In order to understand better what the evolution of this landscape has been, I decided to adopt a chronological process. My second part recounts all the evolution of this part of Lorraine ; I explained what was the original landscape and what it became with the beginning of the mining. Actually, at the end of the nineteenth century, the landscape of Lorraine was mainly agricultural. The iron ore was already known in Lorraine in the last centuries but it was a different type. The discovery of this iron ore was going to disrupt the landscape which became one of the most famous mining iron and steel regions of Europe. Little by little the landscape really became a mining landscape with the houses of the workers and the mining fittings on the surface. Unfortunately at the end of the sixties the mining work declined because of the competition from other countries like Sweden, Brazil or Mauritania, which had some open cast iron mines. The cost of production was lower and France preferred to buy its iron ore from these countries. Then, all the iron mines stopped their working and he mining Lorraine became a " disaster " region. In my last part I wondered what has become of the surface weren't important and only a few buildings still exist, which are now occupied by some small craft companies, the other mining places becoming industrial wastelands where the different mining cities try to attract new activities, which is very difficult, especially since the mining collapses which affected the landscape again. Finally we can say tha it is realyy amazing that such an important economic activity which made Lorraine one of the most important industrial regions of France and Europe, had such little impact on the landscape
Bourgeois, Evelyne. "L'argent métal au XIVème siècle, sa production et sa commercialisation." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010594.
Full textThere is a great disparity in the distribution of the deposits of silver - bearing ore at the fourteenth century. The centrale europe is at that time the main producing area and distribute silver in the others parts of the world. This possession of a strategic metal for the economic activity of the societies is one fo the vector of the affirmation of the europeans who, progressively, dominate the market and monetary exchange. Two major occurentes are examinated : - the first role of the italians who become the main middlemen in the marketing of silver towards the islamic and asiatic worlds. The incapability of the possessors of sudanese gold in maghreb and egypt to assert their position in the exchanges with the europeans, while the needs in gold increase strongly
Daviet, Sylvie. "Le bassin houiller lorrain et son espace frontalier : l'évolution d'une région en voie de reconversion." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX23007.
Full textDuttine, Mathieu. "Recherche de provenance de quartz et d'obsidiennes préhistoriques en Europe occidentaleApports de la résonance paramagnétique électronique (RPE)." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30037.
Full textMinvielle-Larousse, Nicolas. "l'Age de l'Argent : mines, société et pouvoirs en Languedoc médieval." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0365.
Full textOur thesis in medieval history and archeology concerns the silver mining enterprises (lead, copper, zinc, silver) of the 11th-15th centuries in eastern Languedoc (départements 07, 48, 30, 34, 12). They are analyzed with a technical history approach in order to articulate the process of production with the social organization of work and to question the links that these firms maintain with the authorities
Le, Thi Hong Hanh. "Distribution et comportement du polonium dans deux anciens sites miniers français." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4028.
Full textPolonium-210 (210Po) is a naturally occurring radionuclide resulting from the decay of uranium-238. In addition to its natural presence, anthropogenic activities can lead to a local increase in the concentration of 210Po, in particular uranium mining. The aim of this study is to better understand the impact of human activities on the distribution and behaviour of 210Po in soils. To this end, two former French mining sites are examined. The first, called "Rophin", located in the Puy-de-Dôme region, was mined in the middle of the 20th century. The second one, not exploited, is located on the site called "les Granges du colonel" in the Mercantour National Park in the Alpes-Maritimes. This second site has never been exploited, but it was listed as a potential site in the 1960s. Soil samples were taken from the wetlands of both sites. The total 210Po activity in each sample was measured. The sequential extraction method was then applied to determine the geochemical distribution of 210Po in the soils studied. Most of the 210Po (more than 70%) is present in the residual fraction, soluble only in concentrated acids (HF, HNO3). This suggests low lability of polonium in the environment. Apart from the residual fraction, 210Po is mainly present in the carbonate-related fraction at pH 5. The impact of pH and bicarbonate content on the solid-liquid distribution coefficient of 210Po was also studied. The results showed that mining activities at Rophin promoted the exhalation of 222Rn and led to disequilibrium between 210Po and 238U
Peres, Menezes Mônica. "Exploitations minières et politiques de gestion environnementale : utilisation de l'expertise canadienne en fermeture de mines pour le site de l'ancienne mine d'uranium de l'INB à Caldas (Minas Gerais, Brésil)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21952/21952.pdf.
Full textMining has been historically recognized as one of the most important sources of economic activity in the world. Environmental hazards are intrinsically related to this activity. New environmental policies and mining technologies are continually being discussed in many countries. Nowadays acid mine drainage and other waste streams are the biggest challenges for the worldwide mining industry. The generation of acid drainage at the uranium mine from the brazilian governmental company INB has been recognized as an environmental hazard to the Poços de Caldas region. Despite all the political and technological steps taken by this company, the environmental impacts are still a problem at the uranium mine. With the goal of solving the problems resulting from acid mine drainage in the mining sector, Canada has developed many policies and research programs. Some technological alternatives have been implemented and evaluated by the canadian government and mining companies. These alternatives are not yet 100% efficient and are not long-terme solutions. Monitoring for many years or centuries will be necessary. However, the environmental performance of the the canadian mining sector is notably better than brazilian mining sector. Consequently, all the steps realized by the canadian government and mining industry can be a good example to the brazilian mining sector. Some technological alternatives developed in Canada to minimize acid mine drainage generation can be evaluated by the brazilian government and applied to the environmental management of the INB uranium mine. The development of international environmental policies is also an important tool to minimize environmental problems in some countries whith limited capacity to invest in environmental technologies.
A antiga mina de urânio das Indústrias Nucleares do Brasil, situada no Complexo Mínero industrial de Poços de Caldas/CIPC, em Minas Gerais, no Brasil, cujas atividades de explotação mineral foram encerradas em 1995, é responsável pela geração de drenagem ácida. A drenagem ácida é decorrente da presença de sulfetos, mais especificamente a pirita, na jazida mineral, na rocha estéril et nos rejeitos da mineração. Constitui um impacto ambiental que pode contaminar as águas superficiais e o lençol freático. Consequentemente, a flora, a fauna, as atividades agro-pastoris e a saúde da população local podem ser afetadas. Apesar da existência de uma legislação ambiental brasileira abrangente e, inclusive, de uma Lei de Crimes Ambientais extremamente rigorosa, as medidas adotadas por essa empresa estatal com o intuito de minimizar os impactos e os riscos ambientais decorrentes da atividade mineral no CIPC, são extremamente pontuais e paliativas. Desta forma, a ocorrência de drenagem acida é frequentemente encontrada dentro dos limites deste complexo minero-industrial. No Canadá, diversas políticas governamentais e programas de pesquisa foram desenvolvidos em colaboração com a indústria mineral, afim de caracterizar e minimizar os impactos decorrentes da geração de drenagem ácida, problemática associada à diversas minas canadenses em explotação ou desativadas. Com o intuito de solucionar o problema ambiental encontrado no CIPC, as alternativas tecnológicas adotadas em diversos sítios minerais canadenses foram avaliadas. As pesquisas centrarem-se mais especificamente na regíão uranífera de Elliot Lake, em Ontario et na região mineira da Abitibi, em Quebéc. Apesar das alternativas adotadas no Canadá não serem consideradas 100% eficazes, e necessitarem de um monitoramento durante alguns séculos, os impactos e os riscos ambientais de maior magnitude foram minimizados. Consequentemente, as medidas políticas e técnicas adotadas no Canadá, constituem um exemplo a ser avaliado pelo governo brasileiro durante a elaboração de um plano de gestão ambiental adequado ao CIPC. Dentro deste contexto, o desenvolvimento de políticas ambientais de cooperação internacional, inclusive entre o Brasil e o Canadá, é considerado um instrumento extremamente importante a ser utilizado para a compreensão e minimização dos impactos e riscos ambientais relacionados às atividades de explotação mineral no Brasil.
Tambwe, Kasong'a-Mwimba Dieudonné-Louis. "Etude et mise en oeuvre d'un procédé hydrometallurgique de valorisation des boues de lixiviation du zinc : cas des résidus des usines à zinc de Kolwezi, UZK, Générale des carrières et des mines, R.D. Congo." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0939.
Full textBellec, Steve, and Steve Bellec. "Simulation et optimisation des rhéogrammes d'usines d'extraction de l'or par cyanuration." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23881.
Full textL’or, en raison de sa rareté et de ses nombreuses applications, est l’un des métaux les plus convoités. Il est principalement recherché pour sa valeur monétaire élevée qui a d’autant plus subi une hausse importante au cours des dernières années. Cette hausse de la valeur de l’or a grandement contribué à modifier le visage des nouveaux projets aurifères mis de l’avant en permettant à plusieurs compagnies d’exploiter des gisements à faibles teneurs ou contenant des minerais difficiles à traiter. Une chute drastique du prix de l’or aurait un impact important sur la rentabilité de ces nouveaux projets. L’une des façons de minimiser ce risque est de cibler une optimisation économique des circuits de cyanuration. Ce projet propose d’optimiser les circuits de cyanuration de l’or par simulation en basant son raisonnement sur la caractérisation de l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or. Pour ce faire, on caractérise cette accessibilité et on exploite ensuite l’information obtenue pour modéliser les différentes étapes d’un circuit conventionnel d’extraction de l’or par cyanuration. Lors de l’étape de broyage, les particules aurifères sont fragmentées pour libérer les surfaces d’or. Étant donné la grande différence de densité entre l’or et la gangue, cette libération a un impact considérable sur la classification gravimétrique des particules. Finalement, lors de l’étape de lixiviation, l’accessibilité des surfaces facilite l’attaque de l’or par le cyanure en présence d’oxygène et joue un rôle primordial sur l’optimisation du circuit. Pour créer des modèles représentatifs, il est essentiel d’avoir en main des données cohérentes et justes. Sans une bonne qualité de données, la calibration et même l’identification de la structure d’un modèle peuvent être faussées. Dans le cas des minerais aurifères, la nature intrinsèque du minerai et les difficultés associées à l’analyse des concentrations en or dans les phases liquides et solides peuvent entraîner des mesures non représentatives de la population globale à caractériser. La première étape de ce projet de recherche consiste donc à explorer l’application de la réconciliation de données aux procédés d’extraction de l’or. Ceci permet de rendre cohérentes les données issues de campagnes industrielles d’échantillonnage et de créer des modèles représentatifs de fragmentation, de classification et de lixiviation. La vitesse de cyanuration est fortement dépendante du degré de libération de l’or et par conséquent de la taille des particules aurifères. Il est donc important d’identifier dans quelle classe granulométrique se trouvent les grains d’or dans le minerai. Le premier modèle proposé dans ce projet permet de caractériser la distribution de l’or dans les différentes classes granulométriques ainsi que son accessibilité. Ceci est effectué en combinant un modèle de libération cubique et un modèle de broyage qui fait intervenir des fonctions de broyage et de sélection différentes pour les particules porteuses d’or et celles de gangue. Le modèle proposé est calibré et validé sur une série d’essais de broyage effectués en laboratoire. La classification gravimétrique influence différemment le partage des particules mixtes, d’or libre et de gangue entre la surverse et la sousverse d’hydrocyclones. Étant donné que les particules mixtes et d’or libre ont des degrés d’accessibilité différents et, par conséquent, des cinétiques de lixiviation différentes, la classification influence la performance des circuits de cyanuration positionnés en aval d’hydrocyclones. On propose donc de coupler le degré d’accessibilité, obtenu par le modèle de broyage, au modèle de Plitt à l’aide de la densité des particules. En bref, selon que l’or est totalement libéré ou attaché à une particule de minerai, son comportement en classification est différent puisqu’il est influencé par la densité de la particule. Le modèle développé est ensuite appliqué à des données industrielles. Pour ce faire, il est cependant nécessaire de faire intervenir un second modèle puisqu’une cyanuration a lieu à l’intérieur des broyeurs de ce circuit. Un modèle simplifié permettant de caractériser la lixiviation de l’or simultanément à la fragmentation du minerai est donc proposé. L’information relative au degré d’exposition des surfaces d’or alimente un modèle phénoménologique de cyanuration. Le modèle intègre les concepts d’exposition et de diffusion tout en tenant compte de la stœchiométrie de la réaction de dissolution de l’or et de la consommation du cyanure par les cyanicides. Des essais en laboratoire sont utilisés pour confirmer la prédominance de la réaction diffusionnelle dans le processus de cyanuration industriel. Ces essais sont également utilisés pour calibrer et valider le modèle proposé. L’ensemble des modèles développés est regroupé dans un simulateur d’usine couplant l’accessibilité des surfaces d’or à sa dissolution. À cette fin, les modèles développés pour des conditions discontinues sont adaptés à une application continue. Finalement, le simulateur est utilisé pour étudier différents scénarios d’optimisation économique de circuits de cyanuration. Les modèles développés et les résultats obtenus sont encourageants et permettent de jeter les bases d’une approche reliant l’accessibilité des surfaces au broyage, à la classification gravimétrique et à la cyanuration de l’or.
Gold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.
Gold, because of its rarity and its various applications is one of the most coveted metals. It is mainly known for its high value that has significantly increased recently. This increase in the value of gold contributed to change the face of new gold projects by allowing companies to exploit low grade deposits or difficult ore to process. A drastic fall in the price of gold would have a significant impact on the profitability of these new projects. One way to minimize this risk is to focus on economic optimization of cyanidation circuits. This project proposes to optimize gold cyanidation circuits with simulation based on the characterization of gold surfaces accessibility. To do so, gold accessibility is characterized. The information is then use to model the different stages of a conventional cyanidation gold extraction circuit. During the grinding step, the gold particles are broken to liberate gold surfaces. Given the high density difference between gold and the non-value minerals, liberation has a significant impact on the gravimetric classification. Finally, during leaching, the accessibility of surfaces facilitates the attack of gold by cyanide in presence of oxygen. This latest link is used to optimize leaching circuits. To create representative models, it is essential to have consistent data. With poor data quality, calibration, and even model structure may be distorted. In the case of gold ores, the intrinsic nature of the ore and the difficulties associated with gold concentration measurements in the liquid and solid phases can lead to non-representative data sets of the ore to characterize. Therefore, the first step of this research project is to explore the data reconciliation application to gold extraction processes measurements. This corrects data from industrial sampling campaigns and allows creating representative models of fragmentation, classification and leaching. Cyanidation kinetic is highly dependent of the degree of gold liberation and consequently is dependant on ore particle size. It is therefore important to identify in which ore size class the gold grains are. The first model proposed in this project characterizes the distribution of gold in different size classes as well as its accessibility. This is done by combining a cubic liberation model and a grinding model that uses different breakage and selection functions for mixed and non-value particles. The proposed model is calibrated and validated on a series of laboratory grinding tests. The gravimetric classification influences differently mixed particles, free gold and free non-value particles partition to the overflow and underflow of hydrocyclones. Liberated gold grains and gold attached to mixed particle have different classification behavior because they are influenced by the density of the particle. Furthermore, mixed particles and liberated gold grains have different degrees of accessibility and different leaching kinetics. Consequently, classification as an influence on cyanidation circuits performances positioned downstream of hydrocyclones. It is therefore proposed to link the information on the degree of gold accessibility obtained by the grinding model to Plitt’s classification model by using particle density. The model is then applied to industrial data. To do so, it is however necessary to introduce a second model since cyanidation takes place inside the mills of this grinding circuit. A simplified model for characterizing the gold leaching simultaneously with the fragmentation of the ore is proposed. Information on the exposure of gold surfaces feed a phenomenological model of cyanidation. The model incorporates the concepts of exposure and diffusion while taking into account the stoichiometry of gold dissolution reaction and cyanide consumption by cyanicides. Laboratory tests are used to confirm that the reaction rate is limited by diffusion in the industrial cyanidation process. These tests are also used to calibrate and validate the proposed model. All the models developed are grouped in a simulator combining the degree of gold surface accessibility to gold dissolution. To this end, the models developed for batch conditions are adapted for continuous application. Finally, the simulator is used to study different scenarios of cyanidation circuit economic optimization. The models developed and the results obtained lay the foundations to integrate liberation to grinding, gravity classification and cyanidation of gold.
Téreygeol, Florian. "Les mines d'argent carolingiennes de Melle." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010503.
Full textMairecolas, Mélanie. "L'étain en Gaule et en Europe occidentale pendant la Protohistoire et l'Antiquité." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20011.
Full textMining archaeology is a recent and demanding field of archaeology, an indispensable discipline for investigating the extraction and use of metals in ancient times. The exploitation and use of tin, one of the metals in question, is still fairly mysterious, in spite of the large amount of available literature. This thesis deals with several aspects of tin during Protohistory and Antiquity. The first objective was to understand the geology and metallogeny of its principal mineral component, cassiterite and the specific uses to which it was put during the periods in question, in the form of small objects, decorative patterns applied to ceramic items and as an alloy with copper. The second stage involved writing a synthesis of the current state of research and knowledge of ancient tin mines in Europe, in order to check whether the exploitation zones described in old documents, the Iberian peninsula and Cornwall, have been confirmed by archaeological data, while referring as well to the other districts of Erzgebirge in Turkey and in France, areas in Brittany, Morvan, Rouergue and Tarn. A thorough investigation had been made of a stanniferous zone in the Limousin. Field surveys revealed several ancient mining areas in the Monts de Blond, the Monts d’Ambazac in Haute-Vienne and in the Creuse at Soumans. An archaeological probe was undertaken at the site of Repaire at Vaulry (Haute-Vienne) in the Monts de Blond to try and date these mining activities. The first results, still being analysed, appear to suggest that they were exploited during the second Iron Age. This archaeological dig is the first in France for a tin mine in a rock substratum and should lead to further research
Bannerman, William Karikari. "Spéciation et distribution du mercure et de l'arsenic dans le bassin de la rivière Ankobra (Ghana) : Impact des mines d'or." Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3007.
Full textGold has been mined in the Ankobra river basin of Ghana for centuries. These activities emit mercury and arsenic whose impacts could be deleterious to the basin's ecosystem and the human population. To assess these impacts, mercury and arsenic were analysed in water, bed and suspended sediments, soils, edible vegetables and fish collected from the basin. Tota concentration and speciation analysis were done by single and hyphenated techniques of chromatography and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. High levels of mercury and arsenic were found in the proximities of the mining zones. The two elements are transported mainly in the aqueous phase of the river and they showed seasonal variation in both water and sediments. Detectable methylmercury in sediment averaged 1% of the total. Arsenic species detected in water and sediments were the inorganic forms. The sediments and fish were significantly contaminated in mercury
Horswill, Micha. "Minéralisation du carbone dans une halde à résidus miniers ultramafiques : une approche pétrophysique et géophysique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30789.
Full textGuilbert-Nignon, Louise. "Les ouvriers mineurs au Niger." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA07A001.
Full textJuère, Estelle. "Matériaux mésoporeux fonctionnalisés pour l'extraction sélective des terres rares." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26837.
Full textOrdered mesoporous silica materials are versatile platforms that can offer answers in different areas: environment, healthcare and energy. Furthermore, the possibility of functionalization with a variety of organic molecules permits to dedicate them to a specific application. Thus, in order to address alternatives to the industrial extraction processes of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) which are often environmentally hazardous, functionalized silica materials appear to be well suited as adsorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE). Indeed, oppositely to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), SPE is more advantageous in terms of organic solvent consumption, fine-tuning of the selectivity for and among REEs and lastly, the possibility to regenerate the sorbents after each extraction procedure. REEs became important and critical metals as they are participating in the transition to new technologies with low energy cost, therefore, any greener extraction process is required. In this work, different ordered silica materials such as MCM-41, SBA-15 and SBA-16, have been synthesized, functionalized with an appropriate ligand and their behavior towards REEs have been studied and compared. Despite their similarities, these materials have some disparities in their textural properties, their pore size, geometry and connection, their wall thickness, the accessibility to the pore and the diffusion of gases and liquid through the porous matrix, for example. Therefore, this study wishes to investigate the role of these various properties on the REEs adsorption in both static and dynamic conditions.
Boudreau, Mathieu. "Impact de la dilution opérationnelle sur le rendement métallurgique de l'or." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35842.
Full textCuvier, Alicia. "Accumulation de l'uranium, de ses descendants et des éléments traces métalliques dans les sols des zones humides autour des anciennes mines d'uranium." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0104/document.
Full textUranium mining and uranium ore processing increase the environmental activity of U and Th decay products and trace elements, in particular in case of releases to the adjacent rivers. Contaminants accumulate then preferentially in sedimentation areas (such as ponds or lakes) or in wetlands (peatlands, marshes or riverbanks) located downstream to the mine. Wetlands – generally located at the head of watershed – are particularly sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure. This poses a risk of release of contaminants from these accumulation areas. The objective of the present study is to propose an easily reproducible methodology – in particular for the orphan mining sites – to identify and characterize accumulation areas. This study also aims to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of accumulation and release, in these areas. This study was performed around the former mining site of Bertholène (France). Standing and mobile in situ gamma spectrometry is used to accurately locate the accumulation areas. Soils, sediments, vegetation, water and peat are also sampled upstream and downstream of the mine, in order to (a) characterize the activities and the disequilibria of the U-Th decay chains and the associated trace elements according to the scale of observation, (b) understand the mechanisms of accumulation and release and (c) identify the potential sources using geochemical proxies and isotopic analyses. The results obtained show that radionuclides are mainly accumulated in a flooding area located downstream the mine. Strong U-238 activities (> 20000 Bq.kg-1) and strong Ra-226/U-238 and Th-230/Ra-226 activity ratios are recorded, involving preferential inputs of U-238 and Th-230 during flooding events. Trace element contamination is low, except for Mn, Ba and S. Such contaminations are potentially explained by the geochemical composition of the uranium ore and by the past and current processes of ore and water mine. Sequential extractions highlight the importance of the acido-soluble and the amorphous oxides in the trapping of contaminants. Thus, pH or Eh potential changes could induce major releases of uranium to the environment. The large differences in Pb isotope composition between natural soils and uranium ores, as well the activity ratios of the U-238 and decay chain products, make these indicators helpful to identify the soils and the sediments impacted by uranium mining
Berlemont, Romain. "Etude cinétique d'extraction de l'uranium(VI) et du plutonium(IV) par des extractants monoamides." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066320/document.
Full textThis thesis was conducted in the framework of the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. The kinetics extraction of uranium(VI) and plutonium(IV) by N,N-dialkylamides or monoamides in an aliphatic diluent were studied from an aqueous nitric solution using 3 different techniques: “single drop technique”, Nitsch cell and Rotating Membrane Cell (RMC). All these experiments were useful to attempt the identification of the transfer process between the phases which can be controlled by kinetic or diffusional regime. The kinetics of extraction of U(VI) by monoamides solvent seems to be similar to that of the Pu(IV). In general, molecular diffusion in organic phase slows down the extraction process and the limiting thickness of organic phase increases with solvent viscosity. The process in “single drop technique” seems to be controlled not only by diffusion but also by the chemical reaction. Then the extraction kinetics of U(VI) has been carried out by Nitsch cell and the RMC. Diffusionnal regime is the limiting step in Nitsch cell and the results confirm that molecular diffusion in organic phase should mainly control the kinetics transfer. Then experiments performed by the RMC indicate that the kinetics is in the same order as transfer coefficient obtained by “single drop” and the chemical reaction occurs at the interface. Finally, these results were compared with data obtained with a TBP solvent (tributyl phosphate) currently used in the PUREX process in order to estimate the interest of such a new solvent. The kinetics of extraction of U(VI) by this monoamide-based solvent is three times lower that of the TBP 30 % but remains fast and suitable for a future industrial process
Le, Bourdonnec François-Xavier. "Aspects archéométriques de la circulation de l'obsidienne préhistorique : développements analytiques et applications en Corse, Sardaigne et Ethiopie." Bordeaux 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR30046.
Full textObsidian artefacts can be encountered in prehistoric sites sometimes far away from its volcanic outcrops. We developed several analytical techniques, quasi non-destructive to non-destructive, for the determination of provenances of this lithic industry raw material. We show the respective potentialities of elemental analyses by electron microprobe in wavelength dispersion, by scanning electron microscopy in energy dispersion and by accelerator-produced ion beams (particle induced X-ray emission), as of innovative approaches based on the InfraRed and Raman vibrational spectroscopies. These techniques were applied to the realization of maps of the primary and secondary obsidian sources associated to the Monte Arci (Sardinia, Italia) and Balchit (Melka Kunture area, Ethiopia) volcanic massifs. The origin of hundreds of ‘archaeological’ obsidians was determined for Neolithic sites of western Mediterranean (Corsica -France-, Sardinia) and of the lower Palaeolithic of Simbiro III (Melka Kunture). The results are discussed in terms of chaînes opératoires, procurement strategies and regional modes of obsidian circulation
Piquet, Nathalie. "Arbeitsverhältnisse und Arbeitsbeziehungen im nordfranzösischen und belgischen Steinkohlenbergbau unter deutscher Besatzung (1940-1944)." Lille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LIL30044.
Full textLefrançois, Perreault Louis. "Carbones mésoporeux fonctionnalisés pour l'extraction sélective des terres rares." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28349.
Full textCarbons allotropes have been under constant study for more than two decades. Ever since the discovery of fullerene, nanotube and graphene, the number of papers showing different synthesis route for their surface modification has been steadily increasing. Indeed, carbon has the potential to be a great support for a lot of applications. Carbon’s unique attributes for chemical resistance, thermal stability, thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity explain the high interest of the scientific community for this material. Structured silica is useful for adsorption of various products since it is possible to simply modify its surface with ligands suitable for the desired application. Over the last few years, research has been conducted for the separation and extraction of rare earth elements (REEs). Indeed, it has been demonstrated that the modified silica with a diglycolic amide-type ligand obtained better results than the current commercial resin for the separation of rare earth elements. However, silica lack of chemical resistance to acidic pH (˂4) required for industrial applications is a major drawback for this material. The mesoporous carbon is a good alternative to be used as a solid adsorbent for extraction of REEs. This allotrope of carbon presents a large surface area as well as a greater chemical resistance which makes it better suited for industrial extractions. This research therefore focuses on the surface modification of mesoporous carbon for the selective extraction of REEs and their application to acidic pH. Different porous carbon structures (CMK-3, 5-CMK, CMK-8, etc.) were synthesized, modified by selective ligands for the REEs and behaviours for selectivity and extraction of REEs. The development of these materials is interesting in the context of sustainable development and green technologies in an industrial environment
Geslin, Philippe. "La mer, la terre et le palétuvier : technologie et transfert de techniques : l'exemple du sel chez les Susu de Guinée." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHESA018.
Full textTechnological transfers have always been current and essential actions in the story of societies. They are constituting one of the most important vector in the understanding of social groups relations. Thus the way people are bringind them into play, as well as their consequential effects are answereable to social anthropology. Technological transfer may fully form the subject of an ethnographic approach, as religion, economy and kinship. It is a social phenomenon which brings us into the heart of technological choices and transition processes. Linking the logic of different social systems, it is creating strong interactions between individuals and groups. In the first part the thesis we are describing and analysing the emergence conditions of a technological choice (salt production) in a susu community before the arrival of an ngo's program in which we were participating. This first stape respects the rule of the anthropology monographic approach. In regard to the social context we described in the first part, the second part deals with the anthropological implication modalities in such a program, knowing that in regard to the ethnographic and french ergonomic methodologies (we named anthropotechnology), we wanted to help in the conception of technical processes focusing more on the providers and users than on the pure technical aspect itself
Guedes, Claudia Dumans. "Coagulation-floculation des eaux issues des mines de fer : comparaison entre les coagulants minéraux et un coagulant organique issu de la moringa oléifera." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30064.
Full textThe Quadrilátero Ferrífero area, Minas Gerais, Brazil, contains some of the largest global iron mineral deposits. There it is located Rio Doce Hydrographic Basin and the sub-Basin of Rio Piracicaba (Piracicaba River), a tributary of Rio Doce. The area around the high and medium course of Piracicaba River concentrates an important number of mining companies. Iron ore mining activities are considered one of the main agents responsible for raising chemical and mechanical soil leaching rates. In this work, the iron oxide content of the bottom sediment of the river was investigated in order to try to correlate the sediment accumulation and the mining activities of the region. The samples collected closest to the springs of Piracicaba river showed the higher contents of iron minerals, probably carried by the tributaries which drain the mining areas. At these stations, hematite concentration values are about four times higher than the average value for the river. Considering this, studying coagulation of iron oxide rich superficial waters from mining areas is imperative to those concerned with the environmental and hydrological equilibria of the river. We tried to do this by using two different coagulants, the traditional aluminum sulphate (alumen) and a natural biopolymer named Moringa oleífera. The superficial waters consist essentially of a suspension of goethite, hematite, kaolinite and quartz, which shows a positive net superficial charge under environmental pH conditions. Alumen showed a good performance in the destabilization of those iron oxide rich particle suspensions. Its coagulation/flocculation mechanism was investigated. Specific adsorption of hydrolysis products of aluminum salts on iron oxide particles followed by an heterocoagulation process involving differently charged substrates have been proposed to explain the turbidity reduction of the suspensions. However, since the seventies, aluminum is under suspicion of being responsible for neurovegetative diseases as Alzheimer, Parkinson’s disturb and cancer. Moringa oleífera is a natural coagulant from a tree, well adapted to North and Northeastern Brazilian climate, whose seeds are largely employed in poor countries of Africa as an efficient coagulant for turbid waters. No test with Moringa in oxide rich waters has been reported so far. Its coagulation efficiency with iron oxide suspensions was similar to that of alumen. The mechanism of coagulation/flocculation of the aqueous extract of the seeds has been investigated through adsorption isotherms, infrared spectroscopy, X-Rays diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, Zeta potential measurements and laser granulometric analysis. The active coagulant fraction of Moringa oleífera seeds are cationic proteins that adsorb on the oxide surface probably by a two step mechanism: establishment of a polypeptide monolayer followed by formation of multilayers that redisperse the destabilized particles
Hu, Bo. "Contribution des colloïdes à la mobilité des contaminants (Pb, As et Sb) : étude spatio-temporelle in situ et test de lixiviation sur un anthroposol développé sur résidus miniers." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e488201a-6bab-4bd5-8d52-494f75f4b5b1/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4029.pdf.
Full textThe problem of the evolution of technosols developed upon mine tailings is of major interest for risk assessment related to metal and metalloid transfer, and then, to the environment pollution. In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of colloids to the mobility of lead, arsenic and antimony in a technosol developed on mine taillings from a French former gold mine. For that, two different, but complementary methodologies were carried out: in situ spatio-temporal study and in laboratory leaching tests. In the former study, the fluctuations of physico-chemical and chemical parameters of soil solutions were observed according to the depth and over time. The behavior of these elements is different from each other through the soil profile, despite of great geochemical similarity between As and Sb over time. These can be explained by the different nature of their bearing phases and the fact that the reactivities of the latters are not the same during the pedogenesis. However, these phases are infra-micrometric and/or nanometric particles and their mobility is dependent on physical and chemical medium conditions, as well as soil organic matter characteristics. These results highlight the importance of understanding the mobility of metals and metalloids in complex and high organic matter content mediums, with the help of in situ monitoring, in order to evaluate pollution risks associated with contaminated sites and soils. The leaching tests not only partially reproduced in situ study, but also could predict both the nature of leached organic matters and the more important contribution of colloids on the mobility of metal and metalloids in the long term. The complementarity of laboratory leaching tests vis-à-vis in situ study has been proven
Amoushahi, Sina. "Slope stability analysis of the west wall of LAB chrysotile mine in the vicinity of Road 112." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26410.
Full textMining slopes in the vicinity of public roads must be considered during the road design process. Several open-pit mines are currently in development in Quebec and some of them are located close to national highways. This M.Sc. thesis provides a review of the literature on some current practices around the world regarding mining slope design close to public infrastructures. It then investigates the stability of the west wall of the LAB Chrysotile open-pit mine in Thetford Mines (Quebec) in the vicinity of the new Road 112 location. The field work performed at the site is described. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses are conducted using finite element shear strength reduction (FE-SSR) and limit equilibrium (LE) methods. The impact of pit infilling and rapid dewatering, as well as long-term stability of the slope are also investigated. The results of all analyses reveal that the current mining slopes are within acceptable design criteria limits.
Al-Heib, Marwan. "Les nouvelles méthodes de modélisations numériques et le volume d'influence des exploitations minières en conditions complexes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_AL_HEIB_M_M.pdf.
Full textBaglo, Marcel Ayité. "La mangrove du Bénin : grands équilibres écologiques et perspectives d'aménagement." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30230.
Full textDubé, Pascal. "Geostatistical analysis of the troilus deposit : uncertainty and risk assessment of the mine planning strategy." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23419/23419.pdf.
Full textThis thesis examines the effect of local and spatial uncertainty of the mineral reserves estimates for the Troilus gold deposit. Two geostatistical methods have been used: indicator kriging and sequential indicator simulation. A new set of geological envelope has been defined based on the grade distribution of the exploration hole samples. For each zone, composites, statistics and variograms have been calculated based on gold assays coming from exploration holes (DDH) and production blastholes (BH). A recoverable reserve block model based on indicator kriging was created from the exploration holes and a grade control block model was produced from the production blastholes. The recoverable reserve model was calibrated based on the grade control model and the data from the mined out part of the orebody. Uncertainty related to the variability of the mineralization was assessed through 25 conditionally simulated block models. Open pit optimization Whittle software was used as a transfer function to compare each model. Elements such as ore tonnage, grade, ounces contained and discounted value (NPV) have been used to analyse the risk inherent to each model. Finally, reserve estimates within an already established pit design were used as a second method of comparison.
Gueguen, Yann. "Étude des mouvements de surface en environnement minier à partir d'interférométrie radar et identification des origines des déformations : l'exemple du bassin Nord/Pas-de-Calais." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0365.
Full textThe needs in fossil energy during the industrial area lead to the intensive exploitation of the resources of the Nord/Pas-de-Calais carboniferous basin (France). The extraction of these materials induces disorders of the geological structures which introduce depressions in surface. If the greatest part of the subsidence occurs during the extraction, a small part persists during a more or less long period after the end of the exploitations corresponding to the residual subsidence. Charbonnages de France is in charge of the monitoring of this phenomenon in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais area since December 21, 1990, completion date of mining work. Using high precision levellings, CdF is rapidly confronted with the limitations of this method (cost, duration…). In this context, we used the radar interferometric methods in order to propose an efficient tool to characterize and quantify the soil movements, and determine the part of the residual subsidence with respect to others phenomena. The results provided by these methods agree with the known orders of magnitude of displacements and bring new information on the shape and the extent of the mining origins subsidence areas. The description of other phenomena which can involve movements of the same order of magnitude was also carried out and allowed a better account in the study of surface motion in the Nord/Pas-de-Calais basin
Comiti, Pierre. "De la mine à l'objet : le fer, l'acier et la fonte en Corse (15e siècle-18e siècle)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10088.
Full textPrins, Christian. "Échantillonnage, simulation et estimation des gisements secondaires de diamant." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00780063.
Full textChancelier, Isabelle. "La Compagnie du Boléo : 1885-1954." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010607.
Full textThe story of Boleo's company, French limited company based in mexico in 1885 to work on a copper lode, started brilliant under a liberal economic form of government. In Mexico, it was the first firm to get into the working of a mine of industrial metals, and it had for result for it to be the first copper producer of the country until 1900, and to stay the second afterwards; took a busily place in Mexico's economical take-off. In addition to the performance, the company succeeded to settle the low california's desert establishing a peopling who spread out till to be over 10. 000 persons. Financialy, the conjuncture permited until 1920 to carry out considerable profits and the importance of the dividends perceived by the shareholders contributed to make the Boleo's share certificate a strong value, very well quoted in the paris stock exchange. The 1910's Mexican revolution broke down the astonishing prosperity, due to a social advanced laws spread out in mexico; and this, step by step, stopped the firm's profits. The firm vitality stayed on, but workers movements disturbed heavily its working. The 1929 economical crisis worsened the phenomenon whereas after 1935 the Mexican government increased the fiscal pressure on the foreign firms, constraining them to leave the country, decision took by the company in 1938
Sauvageau, Jean-François. "Récupération de métaux nobles sous forme de nanoparticules par traitement plasma à barrière diélectrique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66299.
Full textPlatinum group metals (PGMs) and noble metals are used in industrial fields related to automotive catalysts, semiconductor materials and even regenerative medicine. The extraction of these metals from ores and effluents is performed by various hydrometallurgical processes, such as leaching and activated carbon adsorption. These processes are associated with several problems: the production times are long, the selective extraction of the elements of interest requires toxic products (e.g. cyanides) and the use of activated carbon is responsible for the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The growing demand for these metals stimulates the development of new technologies to recover them more quickly and efficiently, while minimizing the environmental impact of their production. Atmospheric plasmas produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) are among the innovative technologies that can overcome disadvantages related to the conventional recovery processes. In a matter of minutes, the treatment of effluents containing metal ions by the application of plasma discharges allows the recovery of noble metals in the form of nanoparticles(NPs). This thesis presents this recovery technique applied to synthetic, mining, industrial and hospital effluents. In less than 15 min of operation, a DBD plasma treatment can be used to selectively recover 95% of gold from effluents produced by mining and semiconductor industries. This technology also has potential for the recovery of palladium, which reaches 60% for conditions that could be further optimized. Moreover, the electrochemical reactions induced by the plasma discharges can degrade highly toxic contaminants such as cyanides. These promising results stimulated the first steps for the implementation of this technology to the industrial scale in collaboration with various partner companies from the mining and semi-conductor fields.
Weller, Olivier. "Les premières formes d'exploitation du sel durant le néolithique et le chalcolithique européens : de la reconnaissance des techniques à l'analyse des dimensions socio-économiques." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010573.
Full textAuger, Clovis Cameron. "Composition chimique des minéraux indicateurs de la mine de Kittilä, Finlande." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27395.
Full textBeaudoin, Nadeau Martin. "Development of a new green technoloy for the revegetation of abandoned gold mine tailings using specific symbionts associated with "picea glauca"." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25666.
Full textThe role and importance of soil microorganisms (PGPR and ECM fungi) in promoting the health, growth, and nutrition of Picea glauca were investigated on biotite-quartz-rich waste rocks and fine tailings of Sigma-Lamaque gold mine located in the Abitibi region of Canada. The study was divided into three components. Firstly, the community structure of ECM fungi associated with Picea glauca was analyzed on four locations near the mining site. Secondly, a laboratory experiment was conducted in order to in vitro select promising ECM fungi that were growing well on mine tailings. Thirdly, a glasshouse experiment involving the growth of Picea glauca seedlings on waste rocks and fine tailings was conducted and the performance of different treatments of ECM fungi and PGPR was evaluated. Results suggested that site-adapted ECM fungi and PGPR play a very important role in the health and growth of Picea glauca on biotite-quartz-rich waste rocks and fine tailings.
Leroy, Marc. "La sidérurgie ancienne en Lorraine avant le Haut Fourneau : étude du développement historique et des conditions techniques de l'utilisation du minerai oolithique lorrain (La Minette) en metallurgie de réduction directe." Besançon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BESA1020.
Full textKhalesi, Mohammad Reza. "Integrated modeling of grinding, liberation and leaching of gold ores." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27466/27466.pdf.
Full textMuniga, Jacques. "De l'aménagement assisté à l'aménagement concerté : les bassins houillers français en quête d'une reconversion économique." Lyon 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO20030.
Full textIn private companies hand at first, french coal exploitations were nationalized in 1946. They had therefore to allow the rebuilding and the economic recovery of France. Nevertheless in 1951, french coal production had to cope with a management that had become more european. The european coal and steel community was born and the competition era it brought about showed, day after day, that french coal exploitation was not profit-making. But, at the same time, our governments had grown aware of "the political weapon" that regional development could be. So facing a recession which became inescapable they attempted an economic redeployment of the coalfields. Despite all the efforts made and the very important fundings, forty years later, redeployment remains a problem. It finally appeared that if physical space was not very likely to benefit from redeployment the mining community with its aspirations and hopes, alongside hesitating policies, the choice of substitution industries as well as the legal framework applicable to regional development contributed equally to an absence of redeployment in french coalfields
Lagrange, Alexandre. "Etudes écologique et microbiologique des espèces du genre Costularia (Cyperaceae), pionnières des sols ultramafiques en Nouvelle-Calédonie : application à la restauration écologique." Nouvelle Calédonie, 2009. http://portail-documentaire.univ-nc.nc/files/public/bu/theses_unc/TheseAlexandreLagrange2009.pdf.
Full textIn New Caledonia, soils developed on ultramafic rocks (5. 500 km2) are constituted of more than 65 % iron oxi-hydroxide. They present very low contents in nitrogen and phosphor (only 1/10 to 1/100 of average contents); besides their Ca / Mg ratio is unbalanced and they contain very high heavy metals concentrations (nickel, manganese, cobalt, chromium). Nowadays the nickel open mines which exploit such soils must consider both economic interests and ecological preoccupations, as these soils are associated to particularly original and diversified ecosystems. Within these, several endemic pioneer plant species have been identified. Among them, some Costularia (Cyperaceae) are recommended in revegetation programmes of mining sites, after their exploitation. Ecological restoration requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating soil sciences, physiological and microbiological data of ultramafic scrubland ecosystems. Analysis of soils / plant’s relations along a topo-sequence, including various types of scrubland, clearly shows there is a direct relationship between the concentrations of soil available elements and the variety and organization of the vegetation, in particular for the herbaceous stratum. This work, coupled with the creation of an experimental Cyperaceae seed orchard, in association with SIRAS Pacifique Company, indicates that the growth of Costularia comosa answers positively the nitrogenous and phosphated fertilization. The experiment also underlines the fact that vigour, growth speed, rate of mycorhization and fruiting of plants are stimulated by moderate doses of these elements. Other assays enabled to improve our knowledge of the role of the microorganisms associated to Costularia roots. Thus, we shows that nine pioneer species of Cyperaceae, studied in situ, develop arbuscular mycorhizal symbioses. An experiment of controlled mycorhization on Costularia comosa shows that mycorhization by Glomus etunicatum is functional, with an increase of the plants’ biomass of 2,8 times compared to the control. Furthermore, such a mycorhization of C. Comosa reduces the nickel concentration in the plant, suggesting the mycorhize acts as a barrier towards nickel. In this study, we also present a description of the aerobic, heterotrophic and nickel resistant bacterial populations isolated from roots of two Costularia species associated to ultramafic scrublands. The density of these bacterial populations is low and Protéobactéria dominate. Some of the isolated strains present a tolerance to 15 mM of soluble nickel and the capacity to solubilize phosphates. The progresses in both our knowledge of Cyperaceae mineral nutrition and the role of associated microorganisms brought by this study, allow to envisage the implementation of productive seed orchards and the use of the microorganisms associated to Costularia, in the technical routes for optimised ecological restoration plans