Journal articles: 'Sound engineering'

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IFUKUBE, Tohru. "Application of Sound to Engineering. Sound-based Assistive Engineering." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 65, no. 12 (1999): 1704–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.65.1704.

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Miranda, Eduardo R., and John Matthias. "Music Neurotechnology for Sound Synthesis: Sound Synthesis with Spiking Neuronal Networks." Leonardo 42, no. 5 (October 2009): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2009.42.5.439.

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Music neurotechnology is a new research area emerging at the crossroads of neurobiology, engineering sciences and music. Examples of ongoing research into this new area include the development of brain-computer interfaces to control music systems and systems for automatic classification of sounds informed by the neurobiology of the human auditory apparatus. The authors introduce neurogranular sampling, a new sound synthesis technique based on spiking neuronal networks (SNN). They have implemented a neurogranular sampler using the SNN model developed by Izhikevich, which reproduces the spiking and bursting behavior of known types of cortical neurons. The neurogranular sampler works by taking short segments (or sound grains) from sound files and triggering them when any of the neurons fire.

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Min, Dongki, Buhm Park, and Junhong Park. "Artificial Engine Sound Synthesis Method for Modification of the Acoustic Characteristics of Electric Vehicles." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5209207.

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Sound radiation from electric motor-driven vehicles is negligibly small compared to sound radiation from internal combustion engine automobiles. When running on a local road, an artificial sound is required as a warning signal for the safety of pedestrians. In this study, an engine sound was synthesized by combining artificial mechanical and combustion sounds. The mechanical sounds were made by summing harmonic components representing sounds from rotating engine cranks. The harmonic components, including not only magnitude but also phase due to frequency, were obtained by the numerical integration method. The combustion noise was simulated by random sounds with similar spectral characteristics to the measured value and its amplitude was synchronized by the rotating speed. Important parameters essential for the synthesized sound to be evaluated as radiation from actual engines were proposed. This approach enabled playing of sounds for arbitrary engines. The synthesized engine sounds were evaluated for recognizability of vehicle approach and sound impression through auditory experiments.

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Lee, Sang-Kwon, Byung-Soo Kim, and Dong-Chul Park. "Objective evaluation of the rumbling sound in passenger cars based on an artificial neural network." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11112.

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A rumbling sound is one of the most important sound qualities in a passenger car. In previous work, a method for objectively evaluating the rumbling sound was developed based on the principal rumble component. In the present paper, the rumbling sound was found to relate effectively not only to the principal rumble component but also to the loudness and roughness. The last two subjective parameters are sound metrics in psychoacoustics. The principal rumble component, roughness, and loudness were used as the sound metrics for the development of the rumbling index to evaluate the rumbling sound objectively. The relationship between the rumbling index and these sound metrics is identified by an artificial neural network. Interior sounds of 14 passenger cars were measured, and 21 passengers subjectively evaluated the rumbling sound qualities of these interior sounds. Through this research, it was found that the results of these evaluations and the output of a neural network have a high correlation. The rumbling index has been successfully applied to the objective evaluation of the rumbling sound quality of mass-produced passenger cars.

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Boning, Willem, and Alban Bassuet. "From the sound up: Reverse-engineering room shapes from sound signatures." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136, no. 4 (October 2014): 2218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4900050.

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KONDO, Takashi, Seiji HARA, Motoyasu SAKAGUCHI, Kenji TORII, Tatsunori TSURUTA, Koichi YOSIOKA, and Masaya MIYAZAWA. "Engine Sound Design by Kansei Engineering." Transactions of Japan Society of Kansei Engineering 19, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5057/jjske.tjske-d-19-00035.

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Asri, Ag Ibrahim Ag, Shin Yi Yiap, and Macdonnel Andrias Ryan. "Kansei Engineering Concept in Sound Design." Advanced Science Letters 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 1320–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.10741.

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Pejuan, Arcadi, Xavier Bohigas, Xavier Jaén, and Cristina Periago. "Misconceptions About Sound Among Engineering Students." Journal of Science Education and Technology 21, no. 6 (December 18, 2011): 669–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9356-6.

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Fontana, Bill. "The Relocation of Ambient Sound: Urban Sound Sculpture." Leonardo 41, no. 2 (April 2008): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2008.41.2.154.

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The author describes his sound sculptures which explore how various instances of sound possess musical form. He explains the sculptural qualities of sound and the aesthetic act of arranging sound into art. Detailed descriptions of three recent works illustrate how relocating sounds from one environment to another redefines them, giving them new acoustic meanings.

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Ghaffari, Sasan, Hassan Sadeghi Naeini, Karmegam Karuppiah, Aminreza Shokouhi, and Saba Beizaei. "Case study: Sonic effect of product setup on perceived quality: an approach to home appliance design." Noise Control Engineering Journal 67, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/376732.

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This study focuses on the correlation between home appliance products' setup sound and users' perceived sense of reliability and quality. â–œSetup soundâ–? stands for the click sound emitted by the components involved in the use of the products. Research was conducted through a survey of 15 participants' experiences in two phases: first while interacting with our three case products and then while merely listening to their setup sounds. As an outcome, we were able to figure out how particular product sound attributes affect perceived senses of reliability and quality in users. Using the Delphi method, further investigation was conducted regarding the user's perceptions through suggesting and analyzing some other factors. Based on this study, setup sound can have a dramatic effect on user's perceived sense of reliability in some cases, although it cannot be considered as the single contributing factor to an effective setup. For a perception of reliability and quality to be properly conveyed to the users, a cohesive set of affecting features must be considered and accurately imbedded in the design and manufacturing process.

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Okubo, Shota, Zhihao Gong, Kento Fujita, and Ken Sasaki. "Recognition of Transient Environmental Sounds Based on Temporal and Frequency Features." International Journal of Automation Technology 13, no. 6 (November 5, 2019): 803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2019.p0803.

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Environmental sound recognition (ESR) refers to the recognition of all sounds other than the human voice or musical sounds. Typical ESR methods utilize spectral information and variation within it with respect to time. However, in the case of transient sounds, spectral information is insufficient because only an average quantity of a given signal within a time period can be recognized. In this study, the waveform of sound signals and their spectrum were analyzed visually to extract temporal characteristics of the sound more directly. Based on the observations, features such as the initial rise time, duration, and smoothness of the sound signal; the distribution and smoothness of the spectrum; the clarity of the sustaining sound components; and the number and interval of collisions in chattering were proposed. Experimental feature values were obtained for eight transient environmental sounds, and the distributions of the values were evaluated. A recognition experiment was conducted on 11 transient sounds. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) was selected as reference. A support vector machine was adopted as the classification algorithm. The recognition rates obtained from the MFCC were below 50% for five of the 11 sounds, and the overall recognition rate was 69%. In contrast, the recognition rates obtained using the proposed features were above 50% for all sounds, and the overall rate was 86%.

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Becker, Julian, Roland Sottek, and Thiago Lobato. "Application of psychoacoustic analyses according to ECMA-418-2." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2174.

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Assessing and assuring sound quality has become a very important task for product design. Customers expect product sounds without disturbing noises. This is a challenge because spectro-temporal noise patterns (such as tonal sounds or modulated signals that generate a roughness sensation) must be taken into account, in addition to frequency-weighted values like dB(A) and loudness. If the sound of a technical product exhibits these characteristics, it is most likely perceived as having poor quality. The new standard ECMA-418-2 describes methods for the automatic quantification of tonal sounds and modulated sounds, which generate a sensation of roughness. The methods are based on a psychoacoustic hearing model and thus emulate human perception very closely. This paper describes the application of these methods. Several examples show how these parameters can be used for sound engineering and how to interpret the results.

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Popper, Arthur N., Jane Fewtrell, Michael E. Smith, and Robert D. McCauley. "Anthropogenic Sound: Effects on the Behavior and Physiology of Fishes." Marine Technology Society Journal 37, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533203787537050.

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Anthropogenic sound in the marine environment continues to increase. Sound sources range from increased vessel traffic to transient but intense sounds such as those produced by seismic air guns, pile driving, or some sonars. While most interest in anthropogenic sounds has focused on marine mammals, there is an increasing concern regarding the impact of such sounds on fishes and marine invertebrates. Since the inner ear hearing receptors of fishes are similar to those of marine mammals, any effects seen on the hearing receptors of marine mammals may also be found in fishes and vice versa. Despite increasing interest in the effects of sounds on fishes, this issue has only been addressed on the most limited scale. Here we review the current literature in this area. It has been reported that high sound levels can damage the inner ear sensory cells, produce hearing loss (threshold shifts), elicit stress responses, and alter the behavior of fishes. At least in terms of hearing loss, these effects are modulated by exposure sound level and duration. The effects of various types of sound (e.g., impulsive vs. continuous) and long-term impacts of how anthropogenic sounds affect the behavior and ecology of fishes need exploration in the future.

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Vardaxis, Nikolaos-Georgios, and Delphine Bard. "Review of acoustic comfort evaluation in dwellings: Part III—airborne sound data associated with subjective responses in laboratory tests." Building Acoustics 25, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 289–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18788685.

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Acoustic comfort has been used in engineering to refer to conditions of low noise levels or annoyance, while current standardized methods for airborne and impact sound reduction are used to assess acoustic comfort in dwellings. However, the results and descriptors acquired from acoustic measurements do not represent the human perception of sound or comfort levels. This article is a review of laboratory studies concerning airborne sound in dwellings. Specifically, this review presents studies that approach acoustic comfort via the association of objective and subjective data in laboratory listening tests, combining airborne sound acoustic data, and subjective ratings. The presented studies are tabulated and evaluated using Bradford Hill’s criteria. Many of them attempt to predict subjective noise annoyance and find the best single number quantity for that reason. The results indicate that subjective response to airborne sound is complicated and varies according to different sound stimuli. It can be associated sufficiently with airborne sound in general but different descriptors relate best to music sounds or speech stimuli. The inclusion of low frequencies down to 50 Hz in the measurements seems to weaken the association of self-reported responses to airborne sound types except for the cases of music stimuli.

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Wibowo, Triyan Adi. "Persepsi Pengaturan Sound System pada Pertunjukan Campursari Ringkes di Nogosari, Boyolali." Sorai: Jurnal Pengkajian dan Penciptaan Musik 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33153/sorai.v12i2.2833.

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A sound system operator at a wedding celebration in Nogosari, Boyolali, has his own perception in addressing the sound management. One of the operators in this area is Dardi. Neither coming from a family of musicians not having academic background in the field of sound engineering, Dardi is capable of operating the sound system to satisfy his listeners with his performance. As a sound system regulator, Dardi has served sound system service providers at celebrations with puppet shows, dangdut, rebana, and campursari. Each performance is carried out with a different setup. Among the differing setups, Dardi is more competent in the setup of campursari shows. Based on the Dardi’s perceptions on sound system regulation, the author is interested in studying the perception of the sound system operator in the sound of campursari music? Based on the findings from the analysis of Dardi's perception as the sound system operator, there are many considerations and adaptations to different places of performance. He initially practiced in the field without being equipped with theory or science, that he tried his best to be approved by following his brother’s workflow. Through this process, he slowly learned and perfected his own amplification setup. His habit of listening to the sounds of various musical instruments also helps sharpen his musical sensitivity. The awareness that was built by Dardi was through empirical experience and instinct for the sounds he heard. This makes his sound system settings always changes instead of being fixed.

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Schile, Richard. "Engineering a Better Guitar." Mechanical Engineering 133, no. 02 (February 1, 2011): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2011-feb-5.

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This article discusses applying engineering principles to build a superior guitar. In one prototype created, the transverse underbrace, located directly opposite the bridge, is proportioned so that the neutral plane at this location lies within the soundboard. The underbrace is notched to allow the king brace, made of fir, to pass through. Four spruce diagonal braces are also present in the compression zone between the bridge and the lower edge of the sound hole. To support the soundboard, two short, stiff cantilever beams are bonded to the upper neck extension using spacer blocks to allow the beams to pass outside of the sound hole. The free ends are connected with a short bar to provide a reactive member supporting the compressive forces in the soundboard. In the first six months or so after construction, the acoustic performance of the first prototype was good but unexceptional. After a year, however, both the acoustic power and quality of sound were found to be outstanding.

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Shibuya, Koji, Hironori Ideguchi, and Katsunari Ikushima. "Volume Control by Adjusting Wrist Moment of Violin-Playing Robot." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 3, no. 2 (July 2012): 31–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jse.2012070102.

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This paper introduces the details of the anthropomorphic violin-playing robot built in the authors’ laboratory and an algorithm for controlling the sound volume by adjusting its wrist moment. Investigating the relationship between such sound parameters as sound volume and human impressions is an important research field in Kansei Engineering, which is a growing research field in Japan. They focused on the violin and built a violin-playing robot with two 7 DOF arms for bowing and fingering. Then they constructed an algorithm to adjust the wrist moment to control the sound volume. Based on the result of the experiments, the authors concluded that the moment-based algorithm works well to successfully control the sound volume. Finally, they analyzed the sound spectrum of the produced sounds of different wrist moment, and concluded that there is a possibility for the controlling sound spectrum, which affects human impressions.

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Kawakami, Takuma, Yoshihiro Narita, and Katsuhiko Sasaki. "Optimization of Sound Pressure from Vibrating Laminated Rectangular Plates." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.93.

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Composite materials are frequently used in automobile and other moving vehicle structures. External and internal sounds sometimes cause unpleasant effects on the users and environment, and reduction of such sound is one of the key engineering problems. This study presents an acoustic radiation analysis from forced vibration of laminated rectangular plates and proposes a design approach to reduce the sound pressure from the plates. In the analysis the sound pressure at an arbitrary point over the plate is derived and is used as an object function in the optimization. A set of the fiber orientation angles is used as the design variable, and is optimized to minimize the sound pressure at the designated point. It is shown in numerical examples that the optimum design for sound pressure reduction is possible by the present approach.

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Walsh, Lorraine. "Sound-Lines." Leonardo 43, no. 5 (October 2010): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00052.

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Sound-Lines is an interactive sound sculpture composed of sensors that trigger archived sounds and animated words. Our collaborative project, supported by e-MobiLArt (European Mobile Lab for Interactive Media Artists), invites the visitor to engage in a playful exploration of shifting perspectives and perceptual discovery. The collaborating artists are Cliona Harmey (IR), Christine Mackey (IR), Nita Tandon (AU), and Lorraine Walsh (US).

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Boretti, Albert, Andrew Ordys, and Sarim Al Zubaidy. "Infra-sound cancellation and mitigation in wind turbines." Nonlinear Engineering 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2018): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2017-0071.

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Abstract The infra-sound spectra recorded inside homes located even several kilometres far from wind turbine installations is characterized by large pressure fluctuation in the low frequency range. There is a significant body of literature suggesting inaudible sounds at low frequency are sensed by humans and affect the wellbeing through different mechanisms. These mechanisms include amplitude modulation of heard sounds, stimulating subconscious pathways, causing endolymphatic hydrops, and possibly potentiating noise-induced hearing loss. We suggest the study of infra-sound active cancellation and mitigation to address the low frequency noise issues. Loudspeakers generate pressure wave components of same amplitude and frequency but opposite phase of the recorded infra sound. They also produce pressure wave components within the audible range reducing the perception of the infra-sound to minimize the sensing of the residual infra sound.

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Mitilineos, Stelios A., Stelios M. Potirakis, Nicolas-Alexander Tatlas, and Maria Rangoussi. "A Two-Level Sound Classification Platform for Environmental Monitoring." Journal of Sensors 2018 (June 3, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5828074.

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STORM is an ongoing European research project that aims at developing an integrated platform for monitoring, protecting, and managing cultural heritage sites through technical and organizational innovation. Part of the scheduled preventive actions for the protection of cultural heritage is the development of wireless acoustic sensor networks (WASNs) that will be used for assessing the impact of human-generated activities as well as for monitoring potentially hazardous environmental phenomena. Collected sound samples will be forwarded to a central server where they will be automatically classified in a hierarchical manner; anthropogenic and environmental activity will be monitored, and stakeholders will be alarmed in the case of potential malevolent behavior or natural phenomena like excess rainfall, fire, gale, high tides, and waves. Herein, we present an integrated platform that includes sound sample denoising using wavelets, feature extraction from sound samples, Gaussian mixture modeling of these features, and a powerful two-layer neural network for automatic classification. We contribute to previous work by extending the proposed classification platform to perform low-level classification too, i.e., classify sounds to further subclasses that include airplane, car, and pistol sounds for the anthropogenic sound class; bird, dog, and snake sounds for the biophysical sound class; and fire, waterfall, and gale for the geophysical sound class. Classification results exhibit outstanding classification accuracy in both high-level and low-level classification thus demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach.

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Zhang, Guojun, Lansheng Zhang, Songxiang Ji, Xi Yang, Renxin Wang, Wendong Zhang, and Shie Yang. "Design and Implementation of a Composite Hydrophone of Sound Pressure and Sound Pressure Gradient." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (August 10, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080939.

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The bionic cilium MEMS vector hydrophone has the characteristics of low power consumption, small volume, and good low-frequency response. Nevertheless, there exists the problem of left–right ambiguity in the azimuth estimation of a single hydrophone. In order to solve the engineering application problem, a sound-pressure sound-pressure-gradient hydrophone is designed in this paper. The new composite hydrophone consists of two channels. The bionic cilium microstructure is optimized and used as the vector channel, to collect the sound pressure gradient information, and a scalar channel, based on a piezoelectric ceramic tube, is added, to receive the sound pressure information. The theoretical analysis, simulation analysis, and test analysis of the composite hydrophone are carried out, respectively. The test results show that the sensitivities of the hydrophone can reach up to −188 dB (vector channel) and −204 dB (scalar channel). The problem of left–right ambiguity is solved by combining the sound pressure and sound pressure gradient in different ways. This is of great significance in the engineering application of single cilium MEMS hydrophone orientation.

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Bubb, Charles. "Earthquake engineering in Australia." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 32, no. 1 (March 31, 1999): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.32.1.13-20.

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Earthquake Engineering in Australia, as elsewhere, has been formatted in the aftermath of damaging earthquakes. The first Australian Code AS2121-1979 was written and published after the 1968 Meckering WA earthquake. The second AS1170.4 1993 was published after the 1989 Newcastle NSW earthquake. Good quality Building Codes are a necessary basis for sound earthquake resistant designs. Both implementation and enforcement of the codes and sound robust construction in the field are essential for the protection of life and infrastructure. Also essential is the preservation and upgrading of the earthquake database. A study to assist the safer operation of emergency services immediately following damaging earthquakes is proposed.

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Wei, Kuang C., and Norman C. Otto. "Engine Sound Quality Evaluation Using Semantic Differential Method." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 16 (October 1992): 1244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203601614.

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There is an emerging effort in the automotive industry to explore a new horizon of quality, e.g. sensory comfort, beyond the traditional measure of reliability and durability. This is evidenced by the birth of a new engineering field, referred to here as sensory engineering. The objective is to evaluate and characterize human's feeling and incorporate these findings into the engineering and design of the product. In this paper, engine sounds from various passenger vehicles were examined using this approach. Five sound samples under wide-open-throttle acceleration condition and five under constant speed conditions were evaluated using the semantic differential method. Results showed that subject's perception of these sounds can be very well characterized in a semantic space made of three factor axes. Significant difference of mean factor scores appeared along ‘smooth, reliable, & desirable’, ‘loud/whining’, and ‘special & modern’ axes. These results can be used to refine the engine design to achieve a better acoustic quality of the engine.

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NAMBA, Seiichiro. "Application of Sound to Engineering. Hearing and Technology." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 65, no. 12 (1999): 1697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.65.1697.

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Scheuren, Joachim. "Engineering applications of active sound and vibration control." Noise Control Engineering Journal 53, no. 5 (2005): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.2839256.

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Adams, Dr Marleen, and Dr Patrick van de Ponseele. "2417 Virtual car sound synthesis for vehicle engineering." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2001.11 (2001): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2001.11.254.

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Shipka, Jody. "Sound engineering: Toward a theory of multimodal soundness." Computers and Composition 23, no. 3 (January 2006): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compcom.2006.05.003.

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Khmirov, Aleksey. "The System of Music Education in Azerbaijan: the Role of Sound Engineering and Concert Sound Engineering in the Educational Process." Eurasian music science journal 2020, no. 2 (2020): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52847/eamsj/vol_2020_issue_2/a6.

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Baschet, Francois, and Bernard Baschet. "Sound Sculpture: Sounds, Shapes, Public Participation, Education." Leonardo 20, no. 2 (1987): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1578325.

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Zhang, Dongxu, Mei Zhang, Daping Liu, and Jian Kang. "Sounds and sound preferences in Han Buddhist temples." Building and Environment 142 (September 2018): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.06.012.

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Krylovich, V. I., and G. N. Byl’. "On modulation of sound by sound." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 70, no. 2 (March 1997): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02660690.

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Parivash, Ranjbar. "Signal Processing Methods for Improvement of Environmental Perception of Persons with Deafblindness." Advanced Materials Research 902 (February 2014): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.902.398.

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Environmental perception is a functional area that is severely limited in persons with deafblindness (DB) who belong a category of people with severe disabilities. Monitor is a vibratory aid developed with the aim to improve environmental perception of persons with DB. The aid consists of a mobile phone with an application connected to a microphone and vibrator. Monitor picks up the sounds produced by events by microphone, processes the sound using an algorithm programmed as an application in the mobile phone and then presents the signal via the vibrator to the persons with DB to be sensed and interpreted. In previous laboratory studies, four algorithms (AM, AMMC, TR, and TRHA) were developed based on modulating, and transposing principles. The algorithms were tested by persons with normal hearing/hearing impairment and selected as good candidates to improve vibratory identification of environmental sounds. In this on-going the algorithms are tested by 13 persons with congenital D and five persons with DB using Monitor in a realistic environment, living room, kitchen or office. Forty five recorded environmental sounds were used as test stimuli. The subjects tested the algorithms two times, Test and Retest each including a test session initiated by a training session. The four algorithms were tested in four days at Test and four days at Retest in total eight test days. Each test day began with a training session where a sound was presented as vibrations to be sensed by the person with the aim to remember its pattern and identity. The 45 sounds were grouped in four groups where an specific algorithm was chosen to process an specific sound group in a specific day. At the test session a sound was presented and the person was given 5 randomly chosen sound alternatives to choose the one as represented sound. The algorithms were different for different sound groups during four different test days so all algorithms were used to process all sounds. The algorithms were tested a second time, Retest, in same way as in Test. The mean value of identification of environmental sounds varied between 74.6% and 84.0% at Test and between 86.9% and 90.4% at Retest. The identification results at Retest were significantly improved (p<0.01) for all algorithms after a relatively short time of training indicating a good learning effect. At Test the algorithm AM was significantly better than the algorithms AMMC and TRHA (p< 0.01) and the algorithm TR was better than TRHA (p<0.01). The algorithms AM, AMMC, and TR were selected as good candidates to be implemented in the Monitor to improve environmental perception.

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Du, Shi Bin, Guan Yu Tian, Shu Zhong Bai, and Lan Tian. "An ICA-Based Audio Feature Fault Detection Method for Transformer Equipments." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 706–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.706.

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Experienced engineers in transformer substation can judge the equipment condition via just listening to the working sounds of electrical equipments. Use audio signal processing applied in engines and other mechanical equipments for reference. A scheme to monitor the working condition of electrical equipments is proposed. Firstly, the basic principles and system structure of this scheme is outlined. It introduces the method of colleting electrical equipments working sounds by Microphone array, because Microphone array form a beam to target the source sound, which can reduce the noise and reverberation. When substation is working, the environmental background interference sounds exist and are independent from electrical working sound. So we can use FastICA algorithm that is based on the largest negentropy to separate the collected sound to several independent source signals. It has the advantage of fast convergence and robust. The simulation result shows this algorithm can effectively separate the multiple independent source signals. The separation accuracy is above 95% for typical sample mixed sounds and the reliability of electrical equipment fault detection system based on audio signal processing is ensured.

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Hess, Allen K., Kenneth Timoner, and B. Bower. "Sound Judgments." Science News 154, no. 24 (December 12, 1998): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011024.

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Kausel, Eduardo. "Sound Speculations." Science News 146, no. 24 (December 10, 1994): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3978573.

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Brownlee, Christen. "Sound Off." Science News 168, no. 1 (July 2, 2005): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4016480.

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Jarvis, D. "Sound measurements." Metrologia 36, no. 4 (August 1999): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/36/4/2.

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Khan, Sibghatullah I., Ganjikunta Ganesh Kumar, Pandya Vyomal Naishadkumar, and Sarvade Pedda Subba Rao. "Analysis of Normal and Adventitious Lung Sound Signals Using Empirical Mode Decomposition and Central Tendency Measure." Traitement du Signal 38, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 731–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ts.380320.

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Diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from lung sounds is time consuming, onerous, and subjective to the expertise of pulmonologists. The preliminary diagnosis of COPD is often based on adventitious lung sounds (ALS). This paper proposes to objectively analyze the lung sound signals associated with COPD. Specifically, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a data adaptive signal decomposition technique suitable for analyzing non-stationary signals, was adopted to decompose non-stationary lung sound signals. The use of EMD on lung sound signal results in intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), which are symmetric and band limited. The analytic IMFs were then computed through the Hilbert transform, which reveals the instantaneous frequency content of each IMF. The Hilbert transformed signal is analytic, and has a complex representation containing real and imaginary parts. Next, the central tendency measure (CTM) was introduced to quantify the circular shape of the analytical IMF plot. The result was taken as a useful feature to distinguish normal lung sound signal with ALS. Simulation results show that the CTM of analytic IMFs has a strong ability to distinguish between normal lung sound signals and ALS.

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Carr, Daniel, and Patricia Davies. "Perception of stationary wind noise in vehicles." Noise Control Engineering Journal 69, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/37695.

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Predictors of people's responses to noise inside cars are used by car companies to identify and address potential noise problems from tests. Because significant improvements have been made in engine, powertrain, and tire/road noise, it is now important to pursue improvements in wind or aerodynamic noise. While models of loudness are commonly used to predict people's responses to stationary wind noise, some wind noises are less acceptable than is predicted by loudness metrics. Additional sound characteristics may account for this. Three listening studies were designed to examine the usefulness of including additional sound quality metrics with loudness in models used to predict acceptability for stationary wind-noise sounds. Test sounds were based on recordings made in cars in a wind tunnel. Signal modification techniques were developed to decorrelate metrics across a set of sounds and to examine how acceptability changes with strengths of particular sound characteristics. Models of acceptability for stationary wind noise are significantly improved when a metric that predicts the sharpness of a sound is included in the model with the loudness metric.

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Fujimoto, Takuya. "Loudness of Structure-Borne Sound Heard Directly by Ear Put on Vibrating Structure." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 22, no. 1 (March 2003): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026309203769018068.

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Putting an ear close to a vibrating structure like a wall or a floor, we are able to hear structure-borne sounds clearly, but the loudness of such sounds has never been studied quantitatively. In this study, subjective experiments were carried out in order to obtain the relationship between loudness and the vibration amplitude of the ear's contact surface at low audible frequencies. The main result of this study is that the loudness of a structure-borne sound is almost equal to that of an air-borne sound with a sound pressure level 20 dB higher than the vibration velocity level (ref=5×10−8 m/s) of the surface. According to this result, the loudness of the structure-borne sound heard directly can be evaluated as a sound pressure level derived from the measured vibration amplitude of the structure.

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Pollard, J. "The Eccentric Engineer - Sound Engineering. Bringing sound to the silver screen with a cartoon mouse." Engineering & Technology 14, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2019.1231.

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TACHIBANA, Hideki. "Engineering prospect for environment in 2000. Prospect of sound environment. Technological review of sound environment." Journal of Environmental Conservation Engineering 29, no. 2 (2000): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5956/jriet.29.149.

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Walzer, Daniel. "Sound Exchange: Reframing Music Composition Educational Practice." Leonardo Music Journal 25 (December 2015): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/lmj_a_00931.

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Affordable technology facilitates an immediate documentation of sound and space that encourages collective artistic expression modeled after track- or song-remixing websites. Students in a newly proposed music composition course must capture and generate original sounds, and then upload them to a separate class drive for other students to reuse. New creative work consists entirely of these reused sounds. The author discusses the use of remixed sound collages in an open access format and considers the positive influence of legal file exchange and remixing in educational musical practice.

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Ashley, Steven. "Sound Waves At Work." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 03 (March 1, 1998): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-mar-2.

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Researchers have devised a new technique to use sound waves, opening the way for simple acoustic compressors, speedy chemical-process reactors, and clean electric-power generators. MacroSonix Corp. in Richmond, Vermont, has developed a technique by which standing sound waves resonating in specially shaped closed cavities can be loaded with thousands of times more energy than was previously possible. Company’s wave-shaping technology is known as resonant macrosonic synthesis (RMS). With some clever engineering, he said, the elevated acoustic-energy levels produced using RMS can be tapped for a wide range of industrial applications, including simplified compressors, pumps, speedy chemical-process reactors, and clean electric-power generators. MacroSonix has already licensed the RMS technology to a large appliance manufacturer to develop acoustic compressors for home refrigerators and air conditioners. MacroSonix has demonstrated the ability to produce high-pressure amplitudes inside resonator cavities. The MacroSonix technology relates to pressure waves in gases, which tend to be nonlinear in behavior. MacroSonix is working on a new licensing deal for an RMS air compressor and another with an electronic-component supplier. The company would like to enter larger research consortia with private, university, or government research labs to explore the RMS electric-power-generation concept.

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Miner, Nadine E., Timothy E. Goldsmith, and Thomas P. Caudell. "Perceptual Validation Experiments for Evaluating the Quality of Wavelet-Synthesized Sounds." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 11, no. 5 (October 2002): 508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474602320935847.

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This paper describes three psychoacoustic experiments that evaluated the perceptual quality of sounds generated from a new wavelet-based synthesis technique. The synthesis technique provides a method for modeling and synthesizing perceptually compelling sound. The experiments define a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of any synthesized sound. An identification task and a context-based rating task evaluated the perceptual quality of individual sounds. These experiments confirmed that the wavelet technique synthesizes a wide variety of compelling sounds from a small model set. The third experiment obtained sound similarity ratings. Psychological scaling methods were applied to the similarity ratings to generate both spatial and network models of the perceptual relations among the synthesized sounds. These analysis techniques helped to refine and extend the sound models. Overall, the studies provided a framework to validate synthesized sounds for a variety of applications including virtual reality and data sonification systems.

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Liu, Longshen, Bo Li, Ruqian Zhao, Wen Yao, Mingxia Shen, and Ji Yang. "A Novel Method for Broiler Abnormal Sound Detection Using WMFCC and HMM." Journal of Sensors 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2985478.

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Broilers produce abnormal sounds such as cough and snore when they suffer from respiratory diseases. The aim of this research work was to develop a method for broiler abnormal sound detection. The sounds were recorded in a broiler house for one week (24/7). There were 20 thousand white feather broilers reared on the floor in a building. Results showed that the developed recognition algorithm, using wavelet transform Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (WMFCCs), correlation distance Fisher criterion (CDF), and hidden Markov model (HMM), provided an average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 of 93.8%, 94.4%, 94.1%, and 94.2%, respectively, for broiler sound samples. The results indicate that sound analysis can be used in broiler respiratory assessment in a commercial broiler farm.

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Leski, Andrzej. "Localization of Sound Sources during Full Scale Fatigue Test of the Vertical Stabilizer with the Acoustic Holography Technique." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2017, no. 9 (December 1, 2017): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2017-0002.

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AbstractAn acoustic holography and its practical applications in engineering began to develop at the end of the 20th century. Currently, this technique is being commonly used to locate sound sources. This paper presents the use of an acoustic camera to locate sound sources during the Full Scale Fatigue Test of the MiG-29 stabilizer. During fatigue tests, the tested structure issues a series of sounds in the form of glitches, creaks or beats. These sounds are typical for a structure subjected to dynamic loading, but they can also be a source of diagnostic information about places of fatigue failures. The paper presents the results of measurements made during the fatigue test. Thanks to the analysis of the measurement results, it was possible to identify areas that are the basic source of sounds.

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Cheng, Dao Lai, Qing Cheng Wang, Chui Jie Yi, and Hong Yu Yao. "Analysis and Research for Airplane Cockpit Sound’ICA Denoise Based on Blind Source Separation Principle." Advanced Materials Research 204-210 (February 2011): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.204-210.209.

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The characteristic of cockpit sound recorded by CVR is the key evidence in investigating accident causes for wrecked airplane. But many factors from inside and outside cockpit affects the analysis results, especially noise. And some analysis methods (such as FFT, WT, CZT, and so on) were impacted by internal and external environmental sound in aircraft cockpit. To solve the problems, further analysis and research for typical cockpit Sound’ ICA de-noising based on blind source separation principle. Firstly, the principle of de-noising analysis based on ICA are made in details ,including blind source separation and analysis of OGWE, maximum ratio of signal to noise of blind source separation algorithm; Then, process of cabin sound de-noising analysis based on ICA is done. Research indicates the de-noising of typical cockpit sounds is identical with the de-noising based on wavelet packet analysis in Matlab; more easy and reliable for the research and analysis of typical cockpit sound.

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Melnychenko, Vitaliy. "Implementation of sample-engineering as arrangement technology in the training of a future teacher of musical arts." Scientific bulletin of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky 2020, no. 2 (131) (June 25, 2020): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2617-6688-2020-2-21.

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The article considers the possibility of including the technology of sample-engineering in the process of training students - future teachers of Musical Arts. The purpose of the article is to highlight the concept “sample-engineering” in its historical and technical aspects and to determine the possibilities of practical application of the innovative technology for arranging musical material by future teachers of Musical Arts. The main development stages of the technology facilitating the artificial production of non-traditional sound tones are considered, it is associated with the revolutionary inventions obtained at the end of the twentieth century and a qualitative breakthrough in microprocessor technology, which allowed us to significantly increase the volume and speed of information processing as well as the role of discoveries in the field of applied music programs and provided the emergence of new ideas regarding sound synthesis. The author describes the features of three technological stages related to sound synthesis, sampling and sample-engineering, as well as to new opportunities that are opened up for musicians through their use. The distinguishing features of using these technologies and devices are presented, in particular, the features of the sampling phenomenon and the emergence of a new variety of electronic keyboard instruments – a sampler in the memory banks of which you can store sounds that are “borrowed” from the environment. Particular attention is drawn to the importance of the widespread practice of developing modern sample-engineering technology which arose due to the microprocessor technology and the opportunity to convert an analogue sound to a digital one without any noticeable loss in quality. The essence of the concept “engineering”, the significance of its use in musical practice and the main stages-tasks of using the technology of sample-engineering in the educational process are revealed. The universal role of the computer in the application of the sample-engineering technology is determined, its technical capabilities growing when connecting external sound sources (tone generators) to it. The article substantiates the feasibility and prospects for the future teachers of Musical Arts to study the sampling-engineering technology a good command of which might allow them to achieve timbre diversity and greater artistic expression in the processing of school songs arranged by them and in their own creativity. The work reveals the prospects of using the technology of sample engineering as a way to increase the capabilities of future specialists-arrangers to process musical material, the importance of mastering creative self-realisation by the future teachers in a modern innovative way. The author presents the stage-by-stage process regulating the acquisitions of skills to use sample engineering by students in educational and creative practice alongside the prospects of mastering this technology involving a wide range of teachers of institutions of higher musical and pedagogical education.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sound engineering'

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