Journal articles: 'Sound properties'

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Gray PhD, Lincoln. "Properties of Sound." Journal of Perinatology 20, S1 (December 2000): S6—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7200442.

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Hamilton-Fletcher, Giles, Christoph Witzel, David Reby, and Jamie Ward. "Sound Properties Associated With Equiluminant Colours." Multisensory Research 30, no. 3-5 (2017): 337–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002567.

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There is a widespread tendency to associate certain properties of sound with those of colour (e.g., higher pitches with lighter colours). Yet it is an open question how sound influences chroma or hue when properly controlling for lightness. To examine this, we asked participants to adjust physically equiluminant colours until they ‘went best’ with certain sounds. For pure tones, complex sine waves and vocal timbres, increases in frequency were associated with increases in chroma. Increasing the loudness of pure tones also increased chroma. Hue associations varied depending on the type of stimuli. In stimuli that involved only limited bands of frequencies (pure tones, vocal timbres), frequency correlated with hue, such that low frequencies gave blue hues and progressed to yellow hues at 800 Hz. Increasing the loudness of a pure tone was also associated with a shift from blue to yellow. However, for complex sounds that share the same bandwidth of frequencies (100–3200 Hz) but that vary in terms of which frequencies have the most power, all stimuli were associated with yellow hues. This suggests that the presence of high frequencies (above 800 Hz) consistently yields yellow hues. Overall we conclude that while pitch–chroma associations appear to flexibly re-apply themselves across a variety of contexts, frequencies above 800 Hz appear to produce yellow hues irrespective of context. These findings reveal new sound–colour correspondences previously obscured through not controlling for lightness. Findings are discussed in relation to understanding the underlying rules of cross-modal correspondences, synaesthesia, and optimising the sensory substitution of visual information through sound.

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Girnet, Alexandru Ioan, Daniela Lucia Chicet, Mihai Axinte, Sergiu Stanciu, and Ion Hopulele. "White Cast Irons with Acoustic Properties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.81.

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There is the opinion, imprinted by tradition, that only bronze alloyed with tin may be used to build bells, musical instruments or sound transmitters, without the need to bring a scientific explanation. Starting from the physical theory and experimental determination that sound travels only through bodies with elastic proprieties, a study over acoustic white cast iron was proposed. After convincing experiments, it results that white cast irons have good properties for producing and transmitting sound waves. The measurements focused two fundamental aspects, the elastic energy available for producing and transmitting sounds and amortization, resulting that white cast irons can substitute with success bronze with tin or even better properties.

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Sun, Xiuwen, Xiaoling Li, Lingyu Ji, Feng Han, Huifen Wang, Yang Liu, Yao Chen, Zhiyuan Lou, and Zhuoyun Li. "An extended research of crossmodal correspondence between color and sound in psychology and cognitive ergonomics." PeerJ 6 (March 1, 2018): e4443. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4443.

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Based on the existing research on sound symbolism and crossmodal correspondence, this study proposed an extended research on cross-modal correspondence between various sound attributes and color properties in a group of non-synesthetes. In Experiment 1, we assessed the associations between each property of sounds and colors. Twenty sounds with five auditory properties (pitch, roughness, sharpness, tempo and discontinuity), each varied in four levels, were used as the sound stimuli. Forty-nine colors with different hues, saturation and brightness were used to match to those sounds. Result revealed that besides pitch and tempo, roughness and sharpness also played roles in sound-color correspondence. Reaction times of sound-hue were a little longer than the reaction times of sound-lightness. In Experiment 2, a speeded target discrimination task was used to assess whether the associations between sound attributes and color properties could invoke natural cross-modal correspondence and improve participants’ cognitive efficiency in cognitive tasks. Several typical sound-color pairings were selected according to the results of Experiment 1. Participants were divided into two groups (congruent and incongruent). In each trial participants had to judge whether the presented color could appropriately be associated with the sound stimuli. Result revealed that participants responded more quickly and accurately in the congruent group than in the incongruent group. It was also found that there was no significant difference in reaction times and error rates between sound-hue and sound-lightness. The results of Experiment 1 and 2 indicate the existence of a robust crossmodal correspondence between multiple attributes of sound and color, which also has strong influence on cognitive tasks. The inconsistency of the reaction times between sound-hue and sound-lightness in Experiment 1 and 2 is probably owing to the difference in experimental protocol, which indicates that the complexity of experiment design may be an important factor in crossmodal correspondence phenomena.

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Wang, Pin-Ning, Ming-Hsiung Ho, Kou-Bing Cheng, Richard Murray, and Chun-Hao Lin. "Study on the Friction Sound Properties of Natural-Fiber Woven Fabrics." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (April 30, 2017): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1228183.

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An innovative frictional sound automatic measuring system (FSAMS) was designed and used in this study to investigate the frictional sound generated when natural-fibre woven fabrics are rubbed together. Frictional sound measurements made using the automatic FSAMS were compared with those from a manual frictional sound measuring system (Manual FSAMS). The frictional sounds of four natural-fiber woven fabrics (i.e., cotton, linen, silk, and wool) were recorded; the Fast Fourier Transform method was used to convert time domain signals into frequency domain signals, and the maximum sound amplitude (MSA) and level pressure of the total sound (LPTS) of cotton, linen, silk, and wool were calculated. The results of a t test, analysis of variance, data reproducibility, and cluster spectrums measured from the four natural-fiber woven fabrics were compared for the two test equipment systems. The results from the t test and analysis of variance showed significant differences in the MSA and LPTS measured. Data reproducibility was superior to the automatic FSAMS compared with the manual FSAMS, and the cluster spectrums were more readily distinguishable.

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Zhang, Maosheng, Ruimin Hu, Shihong Chen, Xiaochen Wang, Lin Jiang, and Heng Wang. "Spatial perception reproduction of sound event based on sound properties." Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11859-015-1055-3.

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Ando, Akio. "Conversion of Multichannel Sound Signal Maintaining Physical Properties of Sound in Reproduced Sound Field." IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 19, no. 6 (August 2011): 1467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasl.2010.2092429.

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Rizal, Achmad, Risanuri Hidayat, and Hanung Adi Nugroho. "Fractality evaluation for pulmonary crackle sound using the Degree of Self-Similarity." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815401038.

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Lung sound is a complex signal produced by the respiratory process. The complex signal has several properties including a chaotic behavior, fractality or self-similarity property. One of lung sounds that arise from abnormalities occurred in the respiratory tract is pulmonary crackle sound. In this study, we tested the degree of self-similarity of pulmonary crackle sound and examined whether the degree of similarity can be used as a feature to differentiate the pulmonary lung crackle sound with normal lung sound. The results showed the sufficient strength of the self-similarity nature of the pulmonary crackle sound. Meanwhile, a test using K-mean clustering produced an accuracy of 87.5% to differentiate between the pulmonary crackle sound and normal lung sound. It can be stated then that it is deemed important to take another feature to obtain higher accuracy. The high self-similarity degree indicates that a pulmonary crackle sound has fractals properties.

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Sidhu, David M., and Penny M. Pexman. "The Sound Symbolism of Names." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419850134.

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A wealth of research demonstrates that certain language sounds seem to go better with certain kinds of targets (i.e., sound-symbolic associations). The most well-known example is the maluma-takete effect, in which nonwords such as maluma are judged as good matches for round shapes, whereas nonwords such as takete are judged as good matches for sharp shapes. Most of this research involves nonwords, but recent work has shown that sound symbolism has implications for real first names. On the basis of a name’s sound, individuals tend to pair the name with particular shapes and indicate that they prefer people with congruent pairings of name sound and face shape. Individuals also associate different kinds of personalities with given names on the basis of the sounds the names contain. Thus, sound symbolism is not limited to nonwords and can emerge even with words that have existing associations. Sound-symbolic associations may also occur with more abstract properties (e.g., personality traits). Thus, this work provides insight about mechanisms underlying sound-symbolic association.

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Cao, Xian-Sheng. "Anharmonic phonon properties in Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0003.

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Abstract Phonon properties have been studied using reduced sound velocity of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3 (EBTO). To achieve this aim, the anharmonic phonon-phonon interaction and the spin-phonon interaction were used. It was shown that the reduced sound velocity of multiferroic EBTO exhibits a kink at TN = 1.9 K. This anomalously reduced sound velocity can be interpreted as an effect of vanishing magnetic ordering above TN. What’s more, the ferroelectric subsystem cannot be influenced by the magnetic subsystem above TN for TN ≪TC in the EBTO. It was found that the reduced sound velocity decreases as T increases near ferroelectric transition TC. That is to say, the sound velocity softens near ferroelectric transition TC. It is also noteworthy that the reduced sound velocity softens when the RE (the coupling between the ferroelectric pseudo-spins and phonons), V(3) and |V(4)| (the third- and fourth-order atomic force constants of the anharmonic phonons, respectively) increase. These conclusions are all in good accordance with the experimental data and theoretical results.

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Huang, Y. Z., Z. F. Zhang, K. M. Mao, and Q. B. Huang. "Research on sound absorption properties of laminated mixture sound absorbing materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 504 (April 26, 2019): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/504/1/012019.

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Lyu, Lihua, Yingjie Liu, Jihong Bi, and Jing Guo. "Sound Absorption Properties of DFs/EVA Composites." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 6, 2019): 811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050811.

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Using discarded feather fibers (DFs) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, the DFs/EVA composites with good sound absorption performance were prepared by hot-pressing method. The effects of hot-pressing temperature, mass fraction of DFs, density and thickness of composites on the sound absorption properties were studied by the controlling variable method. The sound absorption properties of the composites were studied by the transfer function method, and under the optimized technological conditions, the sound absorption coefficient of the composites was above 0.9 and the sound absorption band was wide. According to the box counting method based on the fractal theory, the fractal dimension of DFs/EVA sound absorption composites was calculated through Matlab programming, and the relationship between the fractal dimension and the mass fraction of DFs, the volume density of the composites were analyzed, then the quantitative relationship between the fractal dimension and the maximum sound absorption coefficient was deduced, which played a major role in the sound absorption design of porous sound absorption materials.

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Kim, Sang Youl, Soo Han Park, Yong Su Um, and Bo Young Hur. "Sound Absorption Properties of Al Foam." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 468–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.468.

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Aluminum foam with 0.2 g/cm3 density showed a good sound absorption property at frequencies higher than 2000 Hz. Compressed aluminum foam with an air gap of 50 mm or higher exhibited a very high sound absorption property near 400 Hz.

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Cho, Hae Yong, Chang Ha Choi, Jin Young Kim, Dae Ho Choi, and Soo Wohn Lee. "Sound Absorbing Properties of Foamed Glasses." Materials Science Forum 486-487 (June 2005): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.486-487.578.

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“Glass wool” and “rock wool” had been used as sound absorbing materials over several decades because they have excellent sound absorbing properties as well as being very productive and economical. Unfortunately, they were found to be toxic because of flying glass whiskers. To replace glass wool and rock wool as the sound absorbing panels, the recycled glass powders with zeolite and Na2SiO were foamed, adding foaming agents such as NaOH and CaCO3 at different foaming temperatures and time in an electrical furnace. Recycled glass powders from crushed passenger car window were heated up to 720°C in an electrical furnace for an optimal foaming condition. The compressive strength of the foamed glasses was measured using a dynamic materials tester. On the basis of microstructure observation of the foamed glasses, the excellent sound absorbing materials was tried to be fabricated by measuring the sound absorbing coefficient of the foamed glass materials by adding various amounts of NaOH and water.

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Küçük, Merve, and Yasemin Korkmaz. "Sound absorption properties of acrylic carpets." Journal of The Textile Institute 108, no. 8 (November 8, 2016): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2016.1254582.

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Erofeev, V. I., and D. V. Monich. "Sound insulation properties of sandwich panels." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 896 (August 13, 2020): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/896/1/012005.

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Smardzewski, Jerzy, Tadeusz Kamisiński, Dorota Dziurka, Radosław Mirski, Adam Majewski, Artur Flach, and Adam Pilch. "Sound absorption of wood-based materials." Holzforschung 69, no. 4 (May 1, 2015): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2014-0114.

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Abstract From modern buildings to public spaces are made of concrete, steel, and glass. These materials increase propagation of sound and the reverberation time. Therefore, furniture should be good sound absorbers in such places. The objective of this study was to ascertain acoustic properties of wood-based materials by determining normal acoustic impedance on the surface and sound absorption coefficients. Experiments were carried out on 17 types of wood-based materials commonly employed in furniture design and manufacture. Investigations were conducted based on the transfer-function method. It was demonstrated that for frequencies between 125 and 500 Hz, the highest capability of sound absorption was determined of low surface layer density and high porosity. Honeycomb panels with paper core absorbed better sounds in the range between 1 and 2 kHz. Panels of considerable external surface irregularities were characterized by the most favorable acoustic properties for the frequency of 4 kHz.

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Januševičius, Tomas, and Donatas Butkus. "ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES OF A RENOVATED BUILDING." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2010): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.086.

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The article explores the effects of partitions, ceilings and facades on noise insulation in the renovated different buildings. The conducted experiments were aimed at analyzing partitions of 120 mm brick mounted gypsum panels while other walls were 520 mm thick and plastered on both sides. Under natural conditions, sound insulation factors of facades were measured and compared according to comfort classes. The obtained results revealed that thick brick walls of 520 mm insulated the sound of 58 decibels (dB) (class B). In contrast, 120 mm brick masonry partition reduced sound only to 48 dB which is class E and agrees with the lowest class of sound insulation. We also calculated the sound insulation factor applying three formulas considering the mass law of sound insulation and comparing it with other previous studies. The paper examines and discusses the findings of the performed calculations and measurements.

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Li, Mengmeng, and Jian Kang. "Influence of Leaf Physical Properties on Single-Leaf Vibrational Response to Sound." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010115.

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Plant leaves respond to environmental sounds by vibration. This study aimed to examine such responses by evaluating the influences of physical properties on vibrational amplitude, velocity and frequency before and during sound stimulation. Nine plant species with a wide range of leaf sizes, qualities and thicknesses and petiole lengths, widths and thicknesses were selected. In the absence of external sound, the leaf amplitude was ~1 μm, the vibrational velocity was ~0.05 mm s-1 and the vibrational frequency was ~0–15 Hz. After sound stimulation, however, the amplitude increased by 1–5.4×, the velocity was 1.75–14.1× higher and produced another spectral peak at ~80–95 Hz. Nevertheless, the amplitude and velocity varied by up to 1–10× among species mainly because of differences in leaf texture. However, these factors did not markedly change in succulent leaves because their thick epidermal cuticles and high water content buffered vibrations. In contrast, leathery leaves and papery and membranous leaves were highly responsive to sound stimuli. Leaf size, mass and thickness and petiole length, width and thickness also influenced leaf vibration. There is a positive correlation between noise reduction and leaf velocity. Noise reduction effect increases with the increase in leaf velocity until about 0.6 mm s−1 and then decreases. The relationship between leaf physical properties and leaf vibration may be used to study sound response and noise reduction in different plant species.

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Ballas, James A., and Mark E. Barnes. "Everyday Sound Perception and Aging." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 3 (October 1988): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200305.

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Age related hearing loss is extensively documented in both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies but there are no direct studies of the ability of older persons to perceive everyday sounds. There is evidence suggesting some impairment. Vanderveer (1979) observed that older listeners had difficulty interpreting environmental sounds but did not report any performance data. Demands imposed by the stimulus properties of this type of sound and by the perceptual and cognitive processes found to mediate perception of this sound in college-aged listeners may present difficulty for older listeners. Forty-seven members of a retired organization were given a subset of sounds that had been used in previous identification studies. Identification data for the same set of sounds had been previously obtained from high school and college students (Ballas, Dick, & Groshek, 1987). The ability of the aged group to identify this set of sounds was not significantly different from the ability of a student group. In fact, uncertainties were closely matched except for a few sounds. Directions for future research are discussed.

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Hauck, Pia, and Heiko Hecht. "The Louder, the Longer: Object Length Perception Is Influenced by Loudness, but Not by Pitch." Vision 3, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vision3040057.

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Sound by itself can be a reliable source of information about an object’s size. For instance, we are able to estimate the size of objects merely on the basis of the sound they make when falling on the floor. Moreover, loudness and pitch are crossmodally linked to size. We investigated if sound has an effect on size estimation even in the presence of visual information, that is if the manipulation of the sound produced by a falling object influences visual length estimation. Participants watched videos of wooden dowels hitting a hard floor and estimated their lengths. Sound was manipulated by (A) increasing (decreasing) overall sound pressure level, (B) swapping sounds among the different dowel lengths, and (C) increasing (decreasing) pitch. Results showed that dowels were perceived to be longer with increased sound pressure level (SPL), but there was no effect of swapped sounds or pitch manipulation. However, in a sound-only-condition, main effects of length and pitch manipulation were found. We conclude that we are able to perceive subtle differences in the acoustic properties of impact sounds and use them to deduce object size when visual cues are eliminated. In contrast, when visual cues are available, only loudness is potent enough to exercise a crossmodal influence on length perception.

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Ying, Fang Tian, Ye Tao, Guan Yun Wang, and Qi Wang. "VisibleSound: Perceiving Environmental Sound with 4D Form." Advanced Materials Research 718-720 (July 2013): 1777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1777.

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The progression of application software and high-speed Internet access has, in general, the ability to commonly engage synesthetic experience. However, current synesthesia systems do not meet their full potential, as they are restricted by the simple display of non-intelligent two-dimensional form. This paper is going to present a system for enhancing visual and auditory attributes connection by augmenting the traditional sound visualization system with natural perceptual properties beyond two-dimensional space. A method of expanding the analysis capabilities of the system over changes in the frequencies and sound pressure levels of the live environmental sound stream was explored. With this method, a semantically rich four-dimensional form of sound containing information regarding audio properties and location could be generated. Some specific scenarios are discussed in order to explore visual form of natural perception of environmental sounds, multimedia voice and musical performance.

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Hur, Bo Young, Bu Keoun Park, Dong-In Ha, and Yong Su Um. "Sound Absorption Properties of Fiber and Porous Materials." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 2687–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.2687.

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The porous materials, such as glass wool or foam, are generally used to attenuate noise. The most fundamental acoustic property of these porous materials is their sound absorption coefficient. The purpose of this paper is sintered fiber and porous materials sound absorption properties investigated. Sound absorption properties of sintered Al fiber has over 0.7 of sound absorption coefficient with 800-2000Hz frequency for 0.6 relative density and 10mm thickness. NRC (noise reduction coefficient) is 0.73. Metal foam have good sound absorption rate at 2000 ~ 4000Hz.

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Dariusz, Pleban, and Mikulski Witold. "Methods of Testing of Sound Insulation Properties of Barriers Intended for High Frequency Noise and Ultrasonic Noise Protection." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2018-0047.

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AbstractTwo test stands for determining sound insulation in the frequency range above 5 kHz were made. One consisted of two horizontally adjacent reverberation rooms and a special source of high frequency sounds and ultrasounds. The other test stand consisted of a miniaturized test chamber and a special source of ultrasounds. The paper presents results of the preliminary measurements of sound insulation properties of different barriers in the frequency range above 5 kHz.

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Han, Jia Qi, Xin Biao Xiao, Bing Wu, Xue Song Jin, and Xin Zhao. "Study on Deloading Properties of Perforated Sound Barriers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 344 (July 2013): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.344.83.

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Based on the 3D unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equation and the turbulent model ofk-εtwo equations, the processes of electric multiple units CRH380B passing by sound barriers installed on viaducts at the speed of 350 km/h were numerically simulated by finite volume method. The aerodynamic impulse pressure on sound barriers was analyzed. The distribution of impulse pressure on perforated sound barriers was compared with that on those with no holes. Effects of the shape, the size, the density, and tilt angle of the holes on deloading properties of perforated sound barriers were investigated. The numerical results show that the deloading properties of perforated sound barriers with circular holes are similar to those with square holes. The holistic distribution of impulse pressure on perforated sound barriers is similar to those with no holes. The density increases in two different directions has almost the same influence on the deloading properties. Deloading properties of perforated sound barriers become worse when tilt angle of holes increases.

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Fediuk, Roman, Mugahed Amran, Nikolai Vatin, Yuriy Vasilev, Valery Lesovik, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Acoustic Properties of Innovative Concretes: A Review." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020398.

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Concrete is the most common building material; therefore, when designing structures, it is obligatory to consider all structural parameters and design characteristics such as acoustic properties. In particular, this is to ensure comfortable living conditions for people in residential premises, including acoustic comfort. Different types of concrete behave differently as a sound conductor; especially dense mixtures are superior sound reflectors, and light ones are sound absorbers. It is found that the level of sound reflection in modified concrete is highly dependent on the type of aggregates, size and distribution of pores, and changes in concrete mix design constituents. The sound absorption of acoustic insulation concrete (AIC) can be improved by forming open pores in concrete matrices by either using a porous aggregate or foam agent. To this end, this article reviews the noise and sound transmission in buildings, types of acoustic insulating materials, and the AIC properties. This literature study also provides a critical review on the type of concretes, the acoustic insulation of buildings and their components, the assessment of sound insulation of structures, as well as synopsizes the research development trends to generate comprehensive insights into the potential applications of AIC as applicable material to mitigate noise pollution for increase productivity, health, and well-being.

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Covey, E. "Response properties of single units in the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and paralemniscal zone of an echolocating bat." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 842–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.3.842.

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1. Connectional evidence suggests that the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) and the paralemniscal zone (PL) function as centers for binaural analysis interposed between the superior olivary complex and the midbrain. In addition, the DNLL is known to be a major source of inhibitory input to the midbrain. The aim of this study was to characterize the response properties of neurons in DNLL and PL of the echolocating bat Eptesicus fuscus, a species that utilizes high-frequency hearing and that might be expected to have a large proportion of neurons responsive to interaural differences in sound level. 2. Auditory stimuli were presented monaurally or binaurally to awake animals, and responses of single units were recorded extra-cellularly with the use of glass micropipettes. 3. Below the ventrolateral border of the inferior colliculus is a region that contains large gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive neurons. On the basis of its immunohistochemical reactivity, this entire region could be considered as DNLL. However, within the area, there was an uneven distribution of binaural responses. Caudally, binaural neurons made up 84% (41/49) of those tested, but rostrally only 29% (6/21). For this reason the rostral area is considered as a separate functional subdivision and referred to as the dorsal paralemniscal zone (DPL). PL is located ventral to DPL and medial to the intermediate and ventral nuclei of the lateral lemniscus; in PL 88% (14/16) of neurons were binaural. 4. Most neurons responded only to a contralateral stimulus when sounds were presented monaurally. Out of 49 neurons in DNLL, 42 responded only to a contralateral sound, 1 responded only to an ipsilateral sound, and 6 responded to sound at either ear. In the DPL, all of the 21 neurons tested responded to a contralateral sound and none to an ipsilateral sound. Out of 16 neurons in the PL, 11 responded only to a contralateral sound, 1 responded only to an ipsilateral sound, and 4 responded to sound at either ear. 5. When sounds were presented at both ears simultaneously, several different patterns of binaural interaction occurred. The most common pattern was suppression of the response to sound at one ear by sound at the other ear. In DNLL, 57% (28/49) of neurons showed this type of binaural interaction. Another 10% (5/49) showed facilitation at some interaural level differences and suppression at others, and another 10% (5/49) showed facilitation at some interaural level differences but no suppression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Yang, Tao, Lizhu Hu, Xiaoman Xiong, Michal Petrů, Muhammad Tayyab Noman, Rajesh Mishra, and Jiří Militký. "Sound Absorption Properties of Natural Fibers: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208477.

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In recent years, in an attempt to substitute the conventional synthetic sound absorption material, natural fibers and their sound absorption properties have been increasingly studied. This is due to the fact that conventional synthetic fiber has potential health risks for human beings and significant environmental impact. In this review, existing and newly emerging natural fiber sound absorbers are summarized and highlighted in three categories: raw material, fiber assembly and composite. The sound absorption mechanism, several widely used prediction models and the popular acoustic characterization methods are presented. The comparison of sound absorption properties between some natural sound absorbers and glass fiber is conducted in two groups, i.e., thin material and thick material. It is found that many natural fibers have comparable sound absorption performance, some of them can be the ideal alternatives to glass fiber, such as kapok fiber, pineapple-leaf fiber and hemp fiber. Last, the conclusion part of this review gives an outlook regarding the promotion of the commercial use of natural fiber by means of theoretical study, efficient and environmentally friendly pretreatment and Life Cycle Assessment.

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Demiryürek, Oğuz, and Hüsnü Aydemir. "Sound absorbing properties of roller blind curtain fabrics." Journal of Industrial Textiles 47, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083716631332.

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Roller blind fabrics are preferred and commonly used in home and office. In general, these fabrics are produced by coating the acrylic blended material, which is known by their ultraviolet properties, onto polyester woven fabrics. In this study, in order to characterize the sound insulation properties of roller blind fabrics, coating resin having different ratios of acrylic are applied onto different polyester woven structures. Sound absorption properties of these fabrics (front and back sides) are measured through dual microphone impedance tube and investigated by statistical analyses. Regression curves are obtained and optimum fabric properties on sound absorbing property have been suggested. As a result, acrylic content in coating material, fabric type, and viol structures occurred by coating process on the woven fabric are found as effective parameters on sound absorption properties of these fabrics. Increasing acrylic content in the resin up to 40% increases the sound absorbing value but further increasing this ratio yields sound reflection from the structure, in general. Optimum sound absorption and reflection values are provided with 40% acrylic rate in coating mixture.

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Liang, Li Si, Xiao Lei Wu, Na Ni Ma, Jin Jing Du, and Man Bo Liu. "The Sound Absorption Properties Comparison of Metal Foams and Flexible Cellular Materials." Materials Science Forum 933 (October 2018): 357–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.933.357.

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The third octave sound absorption coefficient testing is conducted to compare the sound absorption properties metal foam and flexible cellular materials, by using sound absorption tester with the method of trasfer function sound absorption tester with the method of trasfer function. The sound absorption mechanisms are discussed by changing the parameters of sound absorption structure, such as the thickness of matrix materials and the thickness of cavity. The results show that pearl wool and glass wool exhibited excellent sound absorption properties. The peak value of sound absorption coefficient for pearl wool reaches to 0.991, and for glass wool, 0.985. The average sound absorption coefficient for pearl wool is 0.729, and for glass wool, 0.679. Among of three metal foams, the foamed aluminum material exhibited optimum sound absorption properties, and is superior to flexible sound absorption materials. The peak value of sound absorption coefficient reaches to 0.993, and the average value reaches to 0.781. This can be attributed to the flow resistance, porosity, thickness, cavity and structure factor, which influence the sound absorption of open cell materials.

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Cobo, Pedro, María Cuesta, and Carlos de la Colina. "Customised enriched acoustic environment for sound therapy of tinnitus." Acta Acustica 5 (2021): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2021028.

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Tinnitus is an auditory disorder very difficult to treat. Whereas up until now there is not a “cure” for tinnitus, the most extended treatment combines counselling with sound therapy. When this sound is a broadband noise in the audio frequency band, this protocol is named tinnitus retraining therapy. Even though broadband noise was proposed at the beginning as the stimulus for sound therapy, many other sounds have been subsequently proposed and used, including tones, noise bands, music, and nature sounds. Although any sound, low enough to avoid annoyance, discomfort or hearing damage, is better than silence for tinnitus treatment, it is not still clear the relationship of the success of the therapy with the properties of the sound stimuli. The aim of this article is to propose an optimal sound treatment that provides a precise and selective stimulation of the whole auditory system. The proposed sound stimulus, Enriched Acoustic Environment, consists of sequential tones or broadband noise matched to the HL curves of the patients. The acoustical characteristics of these stimuli are analyzed and their positive effects in the treatment of subjects with tinnitus are reported.

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Cucharero, Jose, Sara Ceccherini, Thad Maloney, Tapio Lokki, and Tuomas Hänninen. "Sound absorption properties of wood-based pulp fibre foams." Cellulose 28, no. 7 (March 7, 2021): 4267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-021-03774-1.

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Abstract In this study, sound absorbing materials were produced through foam forming technique using hardwood and softwood pulps with varying chemical composition, ultrastructural, and morphological properties as raw materials. The sound absorption properties of the produced foams were measured and related to the ultrastructure and the morphology of the pulp fibres. All the fibre foams provided sound absorption properties comparable to those of conventional porous materials used for acoustic purposes. In general, further processing, as well as smaller fibre dimensions contribute to improve the sound absorption properties of the pulp fibre foams. The results provide valuable insight on the optimization of wood-based sound absorbing materials. Graphic abstract

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Perelomova, Anna. "Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in gases." Canadian Journal of Physics 92, no. 11 (November 2014): 1324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0666.

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Evolution of sound in a medium whose properties irreversibly vary in the course of wave propagation, is studied. For example, a gas that is a particular case of a Newtonian fluid is considered. Hysteresis curves, pictorial representations of irreversible attenuation of the sound energy, in the plane of thermodynamic states are plotted. The irreversible losses in internal energy are proportional to the total attenuation and depend on the intensity and shape of sound waveform. Curves and loops for some periodic (including the sawtooth wave) and aperiodic impulse sounds are discussed and compared.

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Zuo, Min, Li Hua Lv, Chun Yan Wei, Yong Zhu Cui, and Xiao Wang. "Sound Insulation Properties of Abandoned Fibers Composites." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 1189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.1189.

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In this article, in order to study the sound insulation properties, abandoned cotton and jute fibers were conducted as reinforced materials, TPU and PP were conducted as matrix materials, and double roller mixing and hot pressing molding processes were adopted to prepare composites. Through the L12 (42×13) mixed orthogonal experiment, cotton/TPU, cotton/PP, jute/TPU and jute/PP composites were prepared respectively. Standing wave tube and impedance tube’s sound absorbing and insulation test system which was produced by Beijing Prestige Company were employed to test the sound insulation (transmission loss). And they were used origin software to analyze. Universal mechanical testing machine and Jane suspension combined impact tester were employed to test tensile, bending and impact strength of jute/TPU composites. Results were showed that four kinds of composites had excellent sound insulation properties. And the jute/TPU composite was the most optimal. Under the conditions of thickness in 6 mm and frequency at 6300Hz, transmission loss of jute/TPU composites was up to 30 dB and it had excellent mechanical properties.

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Drury, J. C. "Ultrasonics: Part 2. Properties of sound waves." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 46, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 762–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.46.12.762.54502.

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Zipser, L., F. Wächter, and H. Franke. "Acoustic gas sensors using airborne sound properties." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 68, no. 1-3 (August 2000): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(00)00478-0.

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BARRASS, STEPHEN. "Sculpting a sound space with information properties." Organised Sound 1, no. 2 (August 1996): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771896000040.

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Mohammad, M., N. I. R. Nik Syukri, and M. Z. Nuawi. "Sound Properties Investigation of Date Palm Fiber." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1150 (January 2019): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1150/1/012003.

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Ripplinger, David, Brian Anderson, Tim Leishman, and William Strong. "Acoustical properties of pure sound piano wire." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 125, no. 4 (April 2009): 2684. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4784257.

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Kunovskii, E. B. "Investigating the sound-absorbing properties of materials." Russian Engineering Research 28, no. 4 (April 2008): 313–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x08040084.

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Lee, Woo-Mi, Ju Haeng Lee, Jin-Hee Son, Il-Ho Kim, Jae-Roh Park, and Kwang Soo Kim. "Sound Insulation Properties of Polymer Soundproof Panels." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 35, no. 8 (August 30, 2013): 592–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2013.35.8.592.

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Devkota, Gaurav. "The Psychoacoustic Properties Of Sound: An Introduction." Indian Journal of Scientific Research 10, no. 1 (August 30, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.32606/ijsr.v10.i1.00034.

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Lavrova, Marina, and Nikolay Kanev. "Sound Scattering Properties of Surfaces with Diffusers." MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000024.

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This article compares the values of the normal scattering coefficient measured in a model experiment for two types of diffusers placed on a rigid surface. Wooden diffusers of cubic and pyramidal shapes were tested in a scale model of a room with dimensions of 0.7x0.4x0.4 m. Sound decay curves were measured at frequencies of 4kHz and 8kHz. Two large walls were covered with a porous absorber, on the third, in certain combinations, the investigated diffusers with a characteristic size of 3.5 cm were placed, the number of which varied from 0 to 29. The idea of the applied method is that the sound decay curve in a room with a non-diffuse sound field depends significantly from the scattering properties of surfaces. The decay curve was measured with different numbers of the diffusers on the test wall, which made it possible to determine the influence of the shape of the diffusers and their number on the value of the normal scattering coefficient. According to the results of the measurements a high scattering ability of cubic elements was revealed in comparison with pyramidal ones.

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Kucuk, Merve, and Yasemin Korkmaz. "Sound absorption properties of bilayered nonwoven composites." Fibers and Polymers 16, no. 4 (April 2015): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-015-0941-9.

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Yang, Tao, Xiaoman Xiong, Rajesh Mishra, Jan Novák, and Jiří Militký. "Sound absorption and compression properties of perpendicular-laid nonwovens." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 4 (January 18, 2018): 612–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517753634.

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This study presents an investigation into the sound absorption behavior and compression properties of perpendicular-laid nonwovens. Seven types of perpendicular-laid nonwovens produced by vibrating and rotating perpendicular lappers were selected. Nonwovens with varying thickness and areal density were prepared by the heat-pressing method to investigate the effect of structural parameters such as thickness and areal density on sound absorption ability. Measurements of sound absorption properties were carried out with a Brüel and Kjær measuring instrument. The effect of manufacturing techniques on sound absorption performance and compression properties was investigated. The effect of porosity on sound absorption ability was studied. The influence of density and fiber orientation angle on compression properties was analyzed. The results show that samples prepared by vibrating perpendicular lapper exhibit better compression properties, whereas there is no significant influence of two manufacturing techniques on sound absorption performance. The increase of areal density results in improvement in the sound absorption ability. The increase of thickness can improve the sound absorption coefficient in the low-frequency range, but decrease of the coefficient occurred in the high-frequency range. A quadratic relationship between porosity and sound absorption ability has been found. The results also show that compressional resistance has a strong relation with density – the correlation coefficient is 0.95, indicating that the compressional resistance is directly proportional to the density of perpendicular-laid nonwovens. The results indicate that the perpendicular-laid nonwovens with higher initial fiber orientation angle have better compression properties.

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RODET, XAVIER. "SOUND AND MUSIC FROM CHUA'S CIRCUIT." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 03, no. 01 (March 1993): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126693000058.

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Nonlinear Dynamics have been very inspiring for musicians, but have rarely been considered specifically for sound synthesis. We discuss here the signals produced by Chua's circuit from an acoustical and musical point of view. We have designed a real-time simulation of Chua's circuit on a digital workstation allowing for easy experimentation with the properties and behaviors of the circuit and of the sounds. A surprisingly rich and novel family of musical sounds has been obtained. The audification of the local properties of the parameter space allows for easy determination of very complex structures which could not be computed analytically and would not be simple to determine by other methods. Finally, we have found that the time-delayed Chua's circuit can model the basic behavior of an interesting class of musical instruments.

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Tichy, Jiri, and Gary W. Elko. "Complex technique of sound intensity measurements and properties of the basic sound fields." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 132, no. 3 (September 2012): 1984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4755319.

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Wen, Yi Fang, Yan Nian Rui, Hong Wei Wang, and Xin Chen. "Research on Sound Absorption Properties of Aramid Micro-Perforated Composite Sound Absorbing Material." Key Engineering Materials 458 (December 2010): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.458.14.

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Aramid fiber is one of the most promising materials used in secondary structure of the airplane, which has many merits such as low density, abrasion resistance, impact resistance, permanent flame retardance etc. Current research at home and abroad is mainly on the manufacturing process, mechanical and electrical properties of aramid fibers while the sound absorption property research is less. We prepared aramid micro-perforated composite materials according to the theory of micro-perforated absorber, in order to test and analyse sound absorption properties of micro-perforated sound-absorbing materials with different thickness, aperture, perforation ratio and combined program by using acoustic standing wave tube measurement system. Experimental results show that: the absorption effect of the Micro-perforated Panel Aramid Composite is obvious, in a certain frequency; the absorption coefficient is greatly improved. The study offers a new method for aramid fibers which could be applied in planes and cars.

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KAWAGUCHI, Kunimichi, Shunsuke ISHIMITSU, Yasuhiro SUGIYAMA, and Hiroyuki TODA. "1322 Study of sound insulator : The relationship between material characteristics and sound properties." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2009.47 (2009): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2009.47.469.

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Nitta, Naotaka, and Toshikatsu Washio. "Relation between statistical properties of sound speed distribution and average sound speed estimation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 60, SD (April 29, 2021): SDDE18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/abf4a6.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sound properties'

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