Journal articles: 'Source of objects'

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Hrubý, Miroslav. "Question Objects – Source of Electronic Questions." International Journal of Information and Communication Technologies in Education 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijicte-2012-0004.

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Abstract The high quality electronic tests and self tests should be an indispensable part of modern study materials and study environment. The described theory says that the items of electronic tests and self tests are electronic questions and that every electronic question is generated by the so called question object. Each question object belongs to one of the defined types. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a prepared formal description and describe the set of useful types of electronic question objects regardless of their connection with the existing software. The author tries to bridge the possible gap between the educational needs and the range of various types of available software.

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Polatidis, A. G., and J. E. Conway. "Proper Motions in Compact Symmetric Objects." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 20, no. 1 (2003): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as02053.

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AbstractWe discuss recent measurements of proper motions of the hotspots of compact symmetric objects (CSOs). Source expansion has been detected in 10 CSOs so far and all these objects are very young (≤ 3 × 103 yr). In a few sources ages have also been estimated from energy supply and spectral ageing arguments and these estimates are comparable. This argues that these sources are close to equipartition and that standard spectral ageing models apply. Proper motion studies are now constraining hotspot accelerations, side-to-side motions, and differences in hotspot advance speeds between the two hotspots of a source. Although most CSOs are young sources their evolution is unclear. There is increasing evidence that in some objects the CSO structure represents a new phase of activity within a recurrent source.

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Lampton, M., S. Bowyer, J. Lewis, X. Wu, P. Jelinsky, R. Lieu, and R. F. Malina. "Results from the Second EUVE Source Catalog." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100035673.

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We present the results of the Second EUVE Source Catalog, including all detections from the EUVE all-sky survey, the EUVE deep survey, and sources detected during dedicated instrument pointings. Where available, we furnish identifications of these objects and statistics with regard to type of stellar or extragalactic object.

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Isobe, Atsuhiko, Shin’ichiro Kako, Pil-Hun Chang, and Takeshi Matsuno. "Two-Way Particle-Tracking Model for Specifying Sources of Drifting Objects: Application to the East China Sea Shelf." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 1672–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho643.1.

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Abstract The two-way Lagrangian particle-tracking model (PTM) is proposed for specifying sources of objects drifting with random-walk processes on the sea surface. First, to determine object source candidates, modeled particles are released from the point (hereafter, “receptor”) where an observer finds the objects using a backward-in-time PTM with modeled ocean currents of which directions are reversed in sign. Second, the modeled particles are released from these source candidates in a forward-in-time PTM using ocean currents originally computed in hydrographic models. Third, the source candidates are considered to be reliable at a 5% significance level if the observed receptor is located inside the ellipse whose center is the mean position of the modeled particles at the time when the observer found the objects and whose axis length is twice the standard deviation computed using all modeled particle positions. The two-way PTM experiments are carried out in a realistic hydrographic model over the East China Sea shelf for the period from June through August 2004. Statistically significant sources are well specified close to the true source because 58%–90% of source candidates are rejected in the experiments.

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Hauk, O., K. Patterson, A. Woollams, E. Cooper-Pye, F. Pulvermüller, and T. T. Rogers. "How the Camel Lost Its Hump: The Impact of Object Typicality on Event-related Potential Signals in Object Decision." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 19, no. 8 (August 2007): 1338–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2007.19.8.1338.

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Using an object decision task, event-related potentials (ERPs), and minimum norm current source estimates, we investigated early spatiotemporal aspects of cortical activation elicited by line drawings that were manipulated on two dimensions: authenticity and typicality. Authentic objects were those that match real-world experience, whereas nonauthentic objects were “doctored” by deletion or addition of features (e.g., a camel with its hump removed, a hammer with two handles). The main manipulation of interest for both authentic and nonauthentic objects was the degree of typicality in the object's structure: typical items are composed of parts that have tended to co-occur across many different objects in the perceiver's experience. The ERP pattern revealed a significant typicality effect at 116 msec after stimulus onset. Both atypical authentic objects (e.g., a camel with its hump) and atypical nonauthentic objects (e.g., a jackal with a hump) elicited stronger brain activation than did objects with typical structure. A significant effect of authenticity was observed at 480 msec, with stronger activation for the nonauthentic objects. The factors of typicality and authenticity interacted at 160 and 330 msec. The most prominent source of the typicality effect was the bilateral occipitotemporal cortex, whereas the interaction and the authenticity effects were mainly observed in the more anterior bilateral temporal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that within the first few hundred milliseconds after stimulus presentation onset, visual-form-related perceptual and conceptual processes represent distinct but interacting stages in object recognition.

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Eiroa, C., and M. Casali. "Near-Infrared Images of the Serpens Molecular Cloud Core." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 120 (1989): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100023782.

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ABSTRACT:Near-infrared images of the Serpens molecular cloud core have been carried out at UKIRT (Mauna Kea Observatory) using the infrared array camera, IRCAM. A large-scale diffuse nebulosity extending over the central part of the core is observed. Over 100 K-sources are detected in the 30 arc min2 cloud core. Some of them are PMS objects which were previously unknown. For the first time, a near-infrared counterpart of the far-infrared source Seroens FIRS1 has been detected. The 2.2 µm source appears as a point like object at the apex of an extended knotty, jet-like nebulosity oriented towards the northwest. In addition, a group of 11 stellar objects is seen in the position of the IR/radio source SVS4. These objects are embedded in a very faint nebulosity and form one of the densest clustering of young stars found in dark clouds.

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Jing, Wen-Qian, Huawei Wu, and Jin-Quan Nie. "Optimization of Equivalent Source Configuration for an Independent-Equivalent Source Method in Half-Space Sound Field." Shock and Vibration 2020 (March 11, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6029393.

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In the situation that vibrating objects are located above a reflecting plane, an independent-equivalent source method (I-ESM) regards the reflections due to the plane as being radiated by equivalent sources placed under the plane and then the half-space sound field is reconstructed by matching the measured pressure with the equivalent sources distributed within the vibrating object and those substituting for reflections. But, this method heavily depends on the equivalent source configuration and may obtain bad reconstruction results if the equivalent sources are arranged incorrectly. This paper deals with the optimization of the equivalent source configuration to ensure I-ESM always perform well. Through numerical simulations and experiments, the influence of equivalent source configurations on the reconstruction accuracy was studied and optimal configurations were acquired and confirmed.

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Loewenstein, George, and Samuel Issacharoff. "Source dependence in the valuation of objects." Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 7, no. 3 (September 1994): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdm.3960070302.

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Gilder, Mark R., and Mukkai S. Krishnamoorthy. "Automatic source-code parallelization using HICOR objects." International Journal of Parallel Programming 22, no. 3 (June 1994): 303–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02577736.

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TABAEVA, Elena Vladimirovna. "SURROUNDINGS AS A SOURCE OF A UNIQUE CHARACTER OF HOTEL DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 1 (March 15, 2016): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.01.18.

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The article shows a possibility of using contextual surroundings of an architectural object as a source of its visual and conceptual distinction. This approach is adopter to hotels and hostels, objects of hospitality industry. The author shows how the need for unique character of these objects can be satisfi ed if various external conditions are taken into account. Hotels and hostels situated in diff erent cultural, geographical and historical contexts are chosen for analysis. The paper introduces project methods used for these objects analysis and sums up the prior experience of design. The author makes a conclusion that surrounding context is used as a widely spread and actual means while designing unique character of objects of hospitality industry.

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Miroshnichenko, Sergey, Vitalii Titov, Evgenii Dremov, and Sergey Mosin. "Hough Transform Application to Digitize Rectangular Spatial Objects on Aerospace Imagery." SPIIRAS Proceedings 6, no. 61 (December 1, 2018): 172–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.61.7.

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The paper describes the method of development for the remote sensing data processing to speed up the digitizing workflow. The method is designed to digitize rectangular objects using their approximate spatial positions and provides an automatic estimation of the orientation and aspect ratio. The paper contains a formal statement of the problem of digitizing an object with the desired geometric shape using it’s apriori known spatial position on a source image. The method creates polygonal representations of rectangular spatial objects from one or a few reference points set by an operator. It is based on source image’s pixels clustering using spectral bands as a feature space. The following Hough transform incorporates local direction of intensity gradient to estimate object’s orientation and reduce computational complexity together with low-pass filtering within an accumulation process to improve robustness. It is shown that the developed method can be modified to digitize objects of any analytically described shape. The method is designed to allow easy user interaction without any significant delays and to provide transparent and predictable control of an output object’s polygon size. To investigate the developed method a test dataset with more than 700 rectangular objects was used. The root-mean-square error of object’s points positioning, mean rotation error in polar coordinates and a Jaccard index were used to measure a precision of the digitized objects. The experiment results demonstrate that digitizing workflow is accelerated by 25–40% using the software implementing the developed method without a significant precision loss.

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Budzier, Helmut, and Gerald Gerlach. "The size-of-source effect in thermography." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-179-2021.

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Abstract. In thermometry, the displayed temperature value of an object depends on the size of the object. This behaviour, also known as the size-of-source effect (SSE), might be a major cause of measurement uncertainty in a thermoscene. The SSE is caused by diffraction, scattering, reflection, aberration and digitization in the optoelectronic propagation path. The influence of diffraction and digitization (sampling and pixelization) can be described advantageously with the modulation transfer function MTF. The system MTF of an uncooled camera is determined by the diffraction in the lens (optical MTF) and the averaging of the radiation over the pixel area (pixel MTF). If the system MTF is known, the contrast reduction and, thus, the SSE can be calculated. Especially with very small objects, e.g. hotspots creating an image covering less than 4 pixel × 4 pixel on the focal plane, the displayed temperatures are much too low. When imaging large objects, such as area blackbodies, not only the edge areas are affected, but also the entire image. Finally, the contrast reduction by the MTF is explained by means of a complex scene (Siemens star).

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Phillips, Steven. "Abstract analogies not primed by relations learned as object transformations." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 31, no. 4 (July 29, 2008): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x08004639.

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AbstractAnalogy by priming learned transformations of (causally) related objects fails to explain an important class of inference involving abstract source-target relations. This class of analogical inference extends to ad hoc relationships, precluding the possibility of having learned them as object transformations. Rather, objects may be placed into momentarily corresponding, symbolic, source-target relationships just to complete an analogy.

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Fabrika, S., and A. Mescheryakov. "Face-on SS 433 Stars as a Possible New Type of Extragalactic X-Ray Sources." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 205 (2001): 268–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900221165.

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The object SS433 is a well-known source of relativistic jets, which are formed in supercritical accretion disk. It is very probable that the disk has polar channels and their radiation is collimated (the photo-cones). A face-on SS433 object can appear as ultra-bright and highly variable X-ray source, Lx ˜ 1040 − 1042 erg/s. We discuss the properties of these hypothetical objects and their frequency expected in galaxies. We describe a search for such objects using the ROSAT All Sky Survey and RC3 catalog of galaxies. Among the total 418 positive correlations we find that 142 sources in S and Irr galaxies are unknown as AGNs. Nuclear sources among them still contain many AGNs. Non-nuclear (offset) sources are rather hard, their X-ray luminosities are 1039 − 1041 erg/s. Their observed frequency is about 4–5% per galaxy, that is in agreement with expected frequency of the face-on SS 433 stars. The only way to recognize such stars is their expected violent variability in X rays.

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Lo, K. Y. "The Compact Nonthermal Radio Source at the Galactic Center: an Update." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 136 (1989): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900187030.

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We review the current observational status of Sgr A∗, the compact nonthermal radio source at the galactic center. Sgr A∗ is a unique radio source at a unique location of the Galaxy. It is unlike any compact radio source associated with known stellar objects, but it is similar to extragalactic nuclear compact radio sources. The positional offset between Sgr A∗ and IRS16 places little constraint on the nature of the underlying energy source, since IRS16 need not be the core of the central star cluster. Sgr A∗ is still the best candidate for marking the location of a massive collapsed object.

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Dunning, Jeremy, Kellie Donoghue, Abtar Kaur, and David Daniels. "Re-Purposeable Learning Objects Based on Teaching and Learning Styles." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2012100101.

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The interactive, multimedia learning object has become an important part of high quality online education. The cost of producing such learning objects can be prohibitive. Re-purposeable learning objects made with learning object templates allow instructors with little or no programming experience to produce highly interactive and immersive learning objects. These learning object templates are based on key styles of teaching and learning and can be used to create and customize new learning objects within those styles, without creating new source code. The templates allow instructors to create learning objects simply by inserting text, and media (images, movies, etc.) because they closely mimic specific teaching strategies.

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Apparao, Krishna M. V., and S. P. Tarafdar. "Effect of Compact Objects Near Be Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 92 (August 1987): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100116720.

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Several Be stars are identified with bright X-ray sources. (Rappaport and Van den Heuvel, 1982). The bright X-ray emission and observed periodicities indicate the existence of compact objects (white dwarfs, neutron stars or black holes) near the Be stars. A prime example is the brightest X-ray source A0538-66 in LMC, which contains a neutron star with a rotation period of 59 ms. Apparao (1985) explained the X-ray emission, which occurs in periodic flares, by considering an inclined eccentric orbit for the neutron star around the assumed Be-star. The neutron star when it enters a gas ring (around the Be-star) accreting matter giving out X-rays.The X-ray emission from the compact objects, when the gas ring from the Be-star envelopes the objects, has interesting consequences. The X-ray emission produces an ionized region (compact object Stromgren sphere or COSS) in the gas surrounding the compact object (CO).

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Tariq Barakat, Dr Mohamad, and Prof Ziad A. Alqadi. "Objects information as a source of image features." IJARCCE 9, no. 12 (December 30, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2020.91208.

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Senkfor, Ava J., Cyma Van Petten, and Marta Kutas. "Episodic Action Memory for Real Objects: An ERP Investigation With Perform, Watch, and Imagine Action Encoding Tasks Versus a Non-Action Encoding Task." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 14, no. 3 (April 1, 2002): 402–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892902317361921.

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Cognitive research shows that people typically remember actions they perform better than those that they only watch or imagine doing, but also at times misremember doing actions they merely imagined or planned to do (source memory errors). Neural research suggests some overlap between brain regions engaged during action production, motor imagery, and action observation. The present study evaluates the similar-ities/differences in brain activity during the retrieval of various types of action and nonaction memories. Participants study real objects in one of four encoding conditions: performing an action, watching the experimenter perform an action, or imagining an action with an object, or a nonmotoric task of estimating an object's cost. At test, participants view color photos of the objects, and make source memory judgments about the initial encoding episodes. Event-related potentials (ERPs) during test reveal (1) content-specific brain activity depending on the nature of the encoding task, and (2) a hand tag, i.e., sensitivity to the hand with which an object had been manipulated at study. At fronto-central sites, ERPs are similar for the three action-retrieval conditions, which are distinct from those to the cost-encoded objects. At occipital sites ERPs distinguished objects from encoding conditions with visual motion (Perform and Watch) from those without visual motion (Imagine and Cost). Results thus suggest some degree of recapitulation of encoding brain activity during retrieval of memories with qualitatively distinct attributes.

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Yumasheva, Yulia Yurijevna. "Source Base of Virtual Historical Reconstructions of Historical and Cultural Heritage Objects: Problem Setting." Историческая информатика, no. 3 (March 2020): 21–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2585-7797.2020.3.33473.

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Virtual historical reconstructions being an actively developing branch of historical information science are characterized by a peculiar approach to source base formation and study. New complexes of sources used pose several methodological problems of source studies. The first one is the place of scientific and technical documents in classical classifications of source studies. The second one is the place of documents which were created electronically or digitized in source studies classifications. The third problem is the consideration of complex source studies methods (analysis and synthesis) in relation to specific features of different source types and their informational capabilities used to solve virtual historical reconstruction problems.  The author proposes original solutions to the indicated problems based on the analysis of classification schemes of source studies existing in Russian historiography as well as the basic principles of identifying the types of historical sources proposed by L.N. Pushkareva, I.D. Kovalchenko, S.O. Sсhmidt, O.M. Medushevskaya, etc. She also specifies electronic documents (both digitized and initially electronic ones) within the framework of studying the possibilities to "embed" electronic documents into existing classifications of source studies as well as formulates new approaches to the methodology of source analysis highlighting a new stage in the development of source criticism: multidisciplinary source studies.

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WANG, TAEHYUNG, and PHILLIP C. Y. SHEU. "AN OBJECT-ORIENTED APPROACH TO SHADOW GENERATION IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 09, no. 03 (September 2000): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213000000215.

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This paper presents an object-oriented shadow generation algorithm for a large number of convex polyhedra (objects) in a 3-D scene. In the past, the shadow volume binary space partitioning (SVBSP) tree algorithm is known to be efficient in a static environment in which the point light source can be changed. However, if a scene consists of many objects and each object consists of many polygons, the time complexity for generating and traversing an SVBSP tree increases rapidly because the SVBSP tree algorithm only deals with polygons which are components of objects. Furthermore, the SVBSP tree algorithm suffers from polygon-splitting problems resulting in a high cost as the number of polygons increases. Our approach is object-oriented in the sense that an object is used as the basic logical unit instead of polygons. In the preprocessing stage the object ordering for shadow generation is determined for all possible light source positions. At the run time, the shadow detection algorithm is executed, and if necessary, shadow fragments are generated. We also present an approach to retrieving, updating, and displaying a 3-D static or dynamic world which consists of a large number of objects.

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Marton, G., L. V. Tóth, L. G. Balázs, S. Zahorecz, Z. Bagoly, I. Horváth, I. I. Rácz, and A. Nagy. "A selection of AKARI FIS BSC extragalactic objects." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S319 (August 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315010297.

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AbstractThe point sources in the Bright Source Catalogue (BSC) of the AKARI Far–Infrared Surveyor (FIS) were classified based on their far–IR and mid–IR fluxes and colours using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis method (QDA) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The reliability of our results show that we can successfully separate galactic and extragalactic AKARI point sources in the multidimensional space of fluxes and colours. However, differentiating among the extragalactic sub–types needs further information.

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Nielsen-Grimm, Glenna, and Robyn Haynie. "Care of Archaeological Materials Begins in the Field." Advances in Archaeological Practice 7, no. 3 (August 2019): 284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aap.2019.18.

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AbstractCare of archaeological materials should begin when recovered in the field. Care and stabilization of objects in the field will greatly increase their research and exhibit potential. Identifying problems and understanding basic solutions to object care and stabilization is an important part of training for all potential object handlers. Proper care and stabilization of objects can and should be a priority for all object users—excavators, lab analysts, museum staff, and researchers. Constant dialogue and communication between repository specialists and archaeologists can be the most useful source for care of all archaeological objects.

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Bondi, M., D. Dallacasa, C. Stanghellini, and R. Della Ceca. "Extended Emission in BL Lac Objects." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 175 (1996): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900079997.

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The study of the extended emission and polarization properties of BL Lacs is an important step for the identification of their parent population. FRI radio sources, the supposed parent population of BL Lacs, have weaker extended radio luminosity and a dominant inferred magnetic field perpendicular to the jet, while FRII radio sources, the supposed parent population of quasars, have stronger extended radio power and an inferred magnetic field parallel to the jet. The only complete sample of radio selected BL Lacs (1 Jy sample, Stickel et al. 1991, ApJ, 374, 431) contains 34 objects. Unfortunately, about half of 1 Jy BL Lacs do not have very high dynamic range images, necessary to detect the low emissivity radio emission surrounding the bright compact source, either because the object was never observed, or because the observation was carried out at the beginning of 1980s with low sensitivity. In 1994 we started a programme using the VLA (A, B, and D configuration, see Table 1) and the WSRT (W in Table 1) to complete the high sensitivity radio imaging of the 1 Jy sample. We aim to investigate morphology and polarization properties, as well as the luminosity of the extended emission. This contribution presents the L band observations. The results are very preliminary, some of the data reduction is still in progress as well as the statistical analysis. The sources in Table 1 have been roughly classified as extended (E), or point-like (P) if no extended feature was detected. Among the 15 sources observed at the highest resolution 13 were classified as extended. In many sources we detect significantly much more extended flux than previously reported from earlier observations. Almost all the BL Lac objects we observed at the highest resolution show some extended features; furthermore, in a few cases, we detected emission on the arcminute scale. The power of the extended luminosity covers 3 orders of magnitude, 3 objects (0537–441, 0820+225, and 2240–260) have values typical of a FRII radio source. These new data will be used for an updated statistical analysis of the properties of the extended emission in the 1 Jy sample of BL Lac objects.

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Losonsky, Michael. "The Nature of Artifacts." Philosophy 65, no. 251 (January 1990): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100064263.

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In Book II, Chapter 1 of the Physics Aristotle attempts to distinguish natural objects from artifacts. He begins by stating that a natural object ‘has in itself a source of change and staying unchanged, whether in respect of place, or growth and decay, or alteration’. But this is not sufficient to distinguish natural objects from artifacts. As he points out later, a wooden bed, for example, can rot or burn, and this is surely a change whose source is, in part, internal to the bed. To make his distinction, Aristotle writes that in a natural object the internal ‘source of change and remaining unchanged’ belongs to it ‘primarily and of itself, that is, not by virtue of concurrence’. The bed rots because it happens to be made of wood: the change is due to its material, not due to its essence, namely that it is a bed. A natural object, however, changes because of its essence, that is, because it is the natural object that it is.

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Topinka, Martin, Areg Mickaelian, Roberto Nesci, and Corinne Rossi. "Automatic Source Classification in Digitised First Byurakan Survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (October 2016): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921317000266.

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AbstractThe Digitised First Byurakan Survey (DFBS) provides low dispersion optical spectra for about 24 million sources. A two-step machine learning algorithm based on similarities to predefined templates is applied to select different classes of rare objects in the dataset automatically, for example late type stars, quasars and white dwarves. Identifying outliers from the groups of common astrophysical objects may lead to discovery of rare objects, such as gamma-ray burst afterglows.

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Kao, Sheng-Liang, and Chiou-Shann Fuh. "Near Point Light Sources for Shape from Shading." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 12, no. 07 (November 1998): 951–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021800149800052x.

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In this paper, a linear algorithm3,4 is proposed to recover shape information from multiple images, each of them is taken under the environment that all of the object surfaces are illuminated by a known near point light source. In this method, an approximate range of the distance for the objects to the viewer (e.g. camera) is previously defined. Using this predefined value, the absolute depth map of the objects can be found out.

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BOSCH-RAMON, VALENTÍ. "NON-THERMAL EMISSION FROM GALACTIC JETS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 08 (January 2012): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200445x.

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Jets are ubiquitous in the Universe. They are collimated outflows whose origin is associated to an accretion disc and a central object, and can be very powerful non-thermal emitters. Jets form in active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, microquasars, and young stellar objects. Galactic jets emitting non-thermal emission are typically associated to microquasars, although the jets of massive young stellar objects are also non-thermal sources. The production of non-thermal radiation, in particular radio synchrotron emission, is a clear indication that particle acceleration is taking place in the source, which hints to the generation of photons even at high energies. In this work, we will discuss the emitting sites in, or related to, microquasar jets, and briefly comment on the possibility of high-energy emission in jets from young stellar objects.

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Manchado, A., P. Garcia Lario, K. C. Sahu, and S. R. Pottasch. "New Young Objects from the IRAS Point Source Catalogue." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 120 (1989): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100023903.

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Three new objects have been found, when carrying out a survey of IRAS sources with colours like planetary nebulae, via low resolution spectroscopy. IRAS 14592-6311 and IRAS 07173-1733 are bright cometary nebulae, showing metal line emission very similar to V1331 Cyg (LkHα 120), which is the prototype of a certain number of T Tauri stars. They present strong P-Cygni profiles and some other peculiar characteristics. IRAS 14592-6311 is associated with a molecular cloud at a distance of 2.9 kpc, while IRAS 07173-1733 is located at the edge of the dark cloud KHAV 201. In the case of IRAS 05506+2414, it presents a bipolar structure with Herbig-Haro emission characteristics in one of the lobes, produces by shocked gas, and is located near Orion.

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Petin, V. K., S. V. Shljakhtun, V. I. Oreshkin, and N. A. Ratakhin. "X-ray source for irradiation of large-area objects." Technical Physics 53, no. 6 (June 2008): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1063784208060170.

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Iwahori, Yuji, Hiroyuki Kamei, and Sholchiro Yamaguchi. "Point Source Illumination Stereo for Objects with Uniform Reflectance." Systems and Computers in Japan 21, no. 2 (1990): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690210203.

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Itier, Roxane J., and Margot J. Taylor. "Source analysis of the N170 to faces and objects." NeuroReport 15, no. 8 (June 2004): 1261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.wnr.0000127827.73576.d8.

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Sivaram, C., and Kenath Arun. "Dark Matter Objects: Possible New Source of Gravitational Waves." Earth, Moon, and Planets 123, no. 1-2 (September 14, 2019): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11038-019-09527-2.

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Buckingham, Alycia K., Michelle L. Harvey, and Roland A. H. van Oorschot. "The origin of unknown source DNA from touched objects." Forensic Science International: Genetics 25 (November 2016): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.015.

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Ostermann, Jörn. "Object-based analysis-synthesis coding based on the source model of moving rigid 3D objects." Signal Processing: Image Communication 6, no. 2 (May 1994): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-5965(94)90012-4.

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Lin, Dacheng, Natalie A. Webb, and Didier Barret. "CLASSIFICATION OF X-RAY SOURCES IN THEXMM-NEWTONSERENDIPITOUS SOURCE CATALOG: OBJECTS OF SPECIAL INTEREST." Astrophysical Journal 780, no. 1 (December 11, 2013): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/780/1/39.

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Chaysalina, Inne, Achmad Syarief, and Meirina Triharini. "Procedures Experiments using Photogrammetric Method." Eduvest - Journal Of Universal Studies 1, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 728–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/edv.v1i8.140.

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Tangible objects are actual objects that can be touched and have a physical form. Therefore, the existence of tangible objects cannot be separated from the potential of damage and even disappearance. At the same time, tangible objects can be an essential source of research and can be a historical source that needs to be preserved. With the development of technology, objects can be recorded in digital forms, 2D Documentation, such as photos and videos, and increasingly sophisticated technology makes object recording developed in 3D Documentation. An easy method with good data quality results is photogrammetric. The implementation of the photogrammetric method has many advantages, some of which are straightforward procedures, portable equipment, and relatively low prices. This study uses a qualitative method based on photogrammetric experiments with various lighting settings and different needs. The results of this research are trying to breakdown of photogrammetric procedures that can applied according to field conditions.

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KYAW, Ye Ko, Ekaterina L. KUZNETSOVA, and Alexander V. MAKARENKO. "Complex mathematical modelling of mechatronic modules of promising mobile objects." INCAS BULLETIN 12, S (July 28, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.s.8.

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The characteristics of power sources affect the performance of autonomous electrically driven systems, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, aircraft missiles, guided bombs, torpedoes, space and aerospace vehicles, controlled gliding parachutes. The creation of control systems for the aircraft flight control surfaces of autonomous mobile objects is an urgent topic in modern research. This article provides how a mathematical model based on integrated approach is developed for an energy-efficient mechatronic module for control systems of promising mobile objects powered by various current sources; a comparison of the energy and dynamic characteristics of mechatronic modules of promising mobile objects for various power options is made. As a result, a new type of integrated power-supply source based on capacitive energy storage with floating charge from a primary chemical source of current has been developed. The proposed approaches, dependencies and algorithms can be used in the design of highly efficient mechatronic control algorithms for autonomous mobile objects of a new generation.

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Teixeira, Marco, Rafael Nogueira, Nicolas Dalmedico, Higor Santos, Lucia Arruda, Flavio Neves-Jr, Daniel Pipa, Julio Ramos, and Andre Oliveira. "Intelligent 3D Perception System for Semantic Description and Dynamic Interaction." Sensors 19, no. 17 (August 30, 2019): 3764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19173764.

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This work proposes a novel semantic perception system based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. The main goal is to identify objects in the environment and extract their characteristics, allowing a dynamic interaction with the environment. The system is composed of a GPU processing source and a 3D vision sensor that provides RGB image and PointCloud data. The perception system is structured in three steps: Lexical Analysis, Syntax Analysis and finally an Analysis of Anticipation. The Lexical Analysis detects the actual position of the objects (or tokens) in the environment, through the combination of RGB image and PointCloud, surveying their characteristics. All information extracted from the tokens will be used to retrieve relevant features such as object velocity, acceleration and direction during the Syntax Analysis step. The anticipation step predicts future behaviors for these dynamic objects, promoting an interaction with them in terms of collisions, pull, and push actions. As a result, the proposed perception source can assign relevant information to mobile robots, not only about distances as traditional sensors, but about other environment characteristics and object behaviors. This novel perception source introduces a new class of skills to mobile robots. Experimental results obtained with a real robot are presented, showing the proposed perception source efficacy and potential.

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Monroy, Javier, Jose-Raul Ruiz-Sarmiento, Francisco-Angel Moreno, Francisco Melendez-Fernandez, Cipriano Galindo, and Javier Gonzalez-Jimenez. "A Semantic-Based Gas Source Localization with a Mobile Robot Combining Vision and Chemical Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 12 (November 28, 2018): 4174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124174.

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This paper addresses the localization of a gas emission source within a real-world human environment with a mobile robot. Our approach is based on an efficient and coherent system that fuses different sensor modalities (i.e., vision and chemical sensing) to exploit, for the first time, the semantic relationships among the detected gases and the objects visually recognized in the environment. This novel approach allows the robot to focus the search on a finite set of potential gas source candidates (dynamically updated as the robot operates), while accounting for the non-negligible uncertainties in the object recognition and gas classification tasks involved in the process. This approach is particularly interesting for structured indoor environments containing multiple obstacles and objects, enabling the inference of the relations between objects and between objects and gases. A probabilistic Bayesian framework is proposed to handle all these uncertainties and semantic relations, providing an ordered list of candidates to be the source. This candidate list is updated dynamically upon new sensor measurements to account for objects not previously considered in the search process. The exploitation of such probabilities together with information such as the locations of the objects, or the time needed to validate whether a given candidate is truly releasing gases, is delegated to a path planning algorithm based on Markov decision processes to minimize the search time. The system was tested in an office-like scenario, both with simulated and real experiments, to enable the comparison of different path planning strategies and to validate its efficiency under real-world conditions.

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Emerson, J. P. "IRAS and Star Formation in Dark Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900094778.

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As a first step in systematically studying star formation in dark clouds we report a search for IRAS Point Source Catalog detections lieing within the boundaries of Southern Dark Clouds in the catalog of Hartley et al. (1986). To aid in further classifying the 1099 objects by their infrared colours the colours of the whole IRAS Point Source Catalog are discussed and plotted, and the regions occupied by various types of objects tabulated. The presence of Cirrus makes it difficult to confidently identify protostellar like objects from IRAS data alone. Nevertheless 247 sources have colours characteristic of objects deeply embedded in the dark clouds and are probably at least young stars of low mass. These sources appear to be located at random positions within the dark cloud volumes and there is no evidence to suggest that formation of low mass stars in this dark cloud sample is externally triggered.

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Lubow, Stephen H. "The Hubble Source Catalog." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S325 (October 2016): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316013028.

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AbstractThe Hubble Source Catalog (HSC) is designed to enhance the science obtained from the Hubble Space Telescope by combining the tens of thousands of visit-based source lists in the Hubble Legacy Archive (HLA) across filters and detectors into a single master catalog. The catalog contains data from the major Hubble imaging instruments: Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2), Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS), and Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). It is based on cross matching and astrometry algorithms developed by Budavari & Lubow (2012). We recently released Version 2 that is three times the size of Version 1 and includes some new features. The catalog can be accessed through a variety of interfaces (see http://archive.stsci.edu/hst/hsc/). The HSC provides descriptions of astronomical objects involving multiple wavelengths and epochs. High relative positional accuracy of objects is achieved across the Hubble images, often with sub-pixel precision of a few milliarcseconds.

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López-Caniego, Marcos. "The Planck Compact Source Catalogues: present and future." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316004476.

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AbstractThe Planck Collaboration has produced catalogues of radio and sub-millimeter compact sources at the nine Planck frequencies in total intensity and polarization. In particular, the 2015 Second Planck Catalogue of Compact Sources (PCCS2) contains over 45.000 sources detected in the Planck full mission maps. Since the Planck instruments have polarization capabilities in seven of its nine detectors, we were able to measure the polarized flux density of over 600 sources between 30 and 353 GHz. But we are searching not only for compact sources in single frequency maps, and we take advantage of the large frequency coverage of Planck to search for objects with specific emission laws. This is the case of the SZ catalogue of cluster of galaxies (PSZ2), that lists 1653 clusters, 1203 of which are confirmed clusters with clear associations in external data-sets, and the Galactic cold clump catalogue (PGCC) with 13188 objects. The Planck Collaboration has also published a list of high-redshift source candidates (see the report by Ludovic Montier here). These objects are rare bright sub-millimeter sources with an spectral energy distribution peaking between 353 and 857 GHz, and have been detected combining Planck and IRAS data. The colours of most of these objects are consistent with redshifts z>2, a fraction of which could be lensed objects with redshifts between 2 and 4.But new catalogues are foreseen. A multi-frequency compact source catalogue is being produced selecting sources at radio frequencies and studying them across all Planck bands. Multi-frequency catalogues can be difficult to produce in experiments like Planck that have a large frequency coverage and very different resolutions across bands. In some cases, a source can be very bright across the whole Planck frequency range and it is easy to do the associations across channels. However, it frequent to find unrelated sub-millimeter sources within the half-degree beam of the 30 GHz low frequency detector, and the association work must be done with great care. For this purpose, we are combining a multi-frequency detection procedure with a principal component analysis to produce the catalogue. In addition, for those sources where a clear identification can be made, we will attempt to include flux density information from Herschel and other experiments, in particular for those blazars that are bright in radio, sub-mm and even in gamma-ray frequencies, as seen by Fermi. Moreover, Planck has made available to the community the single survey frequency maps that allow astronomers to study the long-term variability of their favourite sources. New functionalities will be also added to the Planck Legacy Archive†, for example a timeline-cutting tool that will allow one to produce full-sky maps from the Planck timelines for specific periods of time allowing for short-term variability studies of compact sources (e.g., flares). The unique frequency coverage of Planck make these catalogues very valuable for other experiments using the Planck compact source catalogues. For example, experiments like QUIJOTE use Planck selected sources to study the impact of polarized radio source emission on their cosmological fields and other CMB experiments will use Planck polarized compact source information for calibration.

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Retes, Ricardo, Abraham Luna, Divakara Mayya, and Luis Carrasco. "The molecular cloud and embedded young stellar population associated with IRAS 18236–1205." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S266 (August 2009): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921309991888.

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AbstractWe test a membership method to select embedded young stellar objects (YSOs) from a Galactic molecular cloud with ongoing massive star formation using multiband analysis. We select and discuss the embedded stellar population in the molecular cloud associated with IRAS 18235−1205, a small, geometrically well-defined Galactic molecular cloud. The IRAS source has infrared fluxes characteristic of an UCHii region, CS(J = 2 − 1) emission, and methanol and water maser emission, suggesting that this region is a good candidate for studies of young, massive star formation. The selection method of embedded stellar populations is based on the spatial distribution of 13CO(J = 1 − 0) and Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm point sources. Photometric analysis using near/mid-infrared images are used to test our selection criteria. Three objects are associated with the IRAS source; two have a characteristic spectral-energy distribution (SED) of a Class I/0 object (protostar) and the third has an SED of Class II.

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Champion, Benjamin, Mo Jamshidi, and Matthew Joordens. "Depth Estimation of an Underwater Object Using a Single Camera." KnE Engineering 2, no. 2 (February 9, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/keg.v2i2.603.

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<p>Underwater robotics is currently a growing field. To be able to autonomously find and collect objects on the land and in the air is a complicated problem, which is only compounded within the underwater setting. Different techniques have been developed over the years to attempt to solve this problem, many of which involve the use of expensive sensors. This paper explores a method to find the depth of an object within the underwater setting, using a single camera source and a known object. Once this known object has been found, information about other unknown objects surrounding this point can be determined, and therefore the objects can be collected.</p>

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Rizki, Yoze, and Mochamad Hariadi. "Pembangkitan Cahaya Virtual Dinamis Pada Augmented Reality Menggunakan Canny Edge Detection, Contour Finding Dan Unity Light Renderer." JURNAL FASILKOM 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jf.v8i1.1198.

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ABSTRACT In Augmented Reality, the object lighting factor becomes a matter of concern. Lighting of virtual objects that have been manually generated is considered less realistic. Real time dynamic light generation system is needed to make an Augmented Reality application more realistic. With the generation of dynamic virtual light, AR objects lighting can be generated at the position and intensity of light colors that match the light source from the real environment around the AR object. In this study a light generation system was made with reference to the color intensity of light and the direction of light in the real environment. Retrieval of the light source color is done by retrieving the color value of a pixel with the highest intensity of brightness.Retrieval of the position of the light source is done by determining the axis of the pixel on the marker image which has the highest brightness level. From the results of 1st experiment through 4th experiment, the percentage of position equality is 92.10% from the actual position. From the results of the color experiment, it was found that the percentage of the light color of the results compared with the color of the source light was 66.66%. Low percentage of color similarity caused by light reflection on high gray value on marker (> 180), and other light sources that affect the light output generated by the Unity3D game engine in the simulation.

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Kiseleva, E. L., and V. V. Emel'yanenko. "Resonant trans-Neptunian objects as a source of Jupiter-family comets." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, S236 (August 2006): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921307003031.

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AbstractThe dynamical interrelation between resonant trans-Neptunian objects and short-period comets is studied. Initial orbits of resonant objects are based on computations in the model of the outward transport of objects during Neptune's migration in the early history of the outer Solar system. The dynamical evolution of this population is investigated for 4.5 Gyr, using a symplectic integrator. Our calculations show that resonant trans-Neptunian objects give a substantial contribution to the planetary region. We have estimated that the relative fraction of objects captured per year from the 2/3 resonance to Jupiter-family orbits with perihelion distances q<2.5 AU is 0.4×10−10 near the present epoch.

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Chugui, Yuri V., and Elena S. Senchenko. "3D Image Formation in Transmitted Partially Coherent and Incoherent Light Applied to Dimensional Inspection." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 5 (September 5, 2015): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0508.

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The peculiarities of 3D objects image formation with clear shadow projection based on the constructive theory of 3D objects formation under illumination by partially coherent and perfectly incoherent light are investigated. Threshold algorithms for determining the position of boundaries of geometric 3D objects are developed, algorithms taking into account object thickness, light source angular sizes, and projection system angular apertures. These algorithms are based on the application of a true (calculated) threshold or a standard one using the corrective component for thresholds. Cases of weak and strong 3D object volumetricity for partially coherent and incoherent illumination are studied. The analytical equations for these algorithms are given. It is shown that the use of algorithms can significantly improve the measurement accuracy of the extended objects.

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Wagner, Jenny. "A Model-Independent Characterisation of Strong Gravitational Lensing by Observables." Universe 5, no. 7 (July 23, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5070177.

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When light from a distant source object, like a galaxy or a supernova, travels towards us, it is deflected by massive objects that lie in its path. When the mass density of the deflecting object exceeds a certain threshold, multiple, highly distorted images of the source are observed. This strong gravitational lensing effect has so far been treated as a model-fitting problem. Using the observed multiple images as constraints yields a self-consistent model of the deflecting mass density and the source object. As several models meet the constraints equally well, we develop a lens characterisation that separates data-based information from model assumptions. The observed multiple images allow us to determine local properties of the deflecting mass distribution on any mass scale from one simple set of equations. Their solution is unique and free of model-dependent degeneracies. The reconstruction of source objects can be performed completely model-independently, enabling us to study galaxy evolution without a lens-model bias. Our approach reduces the lens and source description to its data-based evidence that all models agree upon, simplifies an automated treatment of large datasets, and allows for an extrapolation to a global description resembling model-based descriptions.

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Snellen, I. A. G., K. H. Mack, R. T. Schilizzi, and W. Tschager. "Constraining the Evolution of Young Radio-Loud AGN." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 20, no. 1 (2003): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as02041.

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AbstractGPS and CSS radio sources are the objects of choice to investigate the evolution of young radio-loud AGN. Previous investigations, mainly based on number counts and source size distributions, indicate that GPS/CSS sources decrease significantly in radio power when evolving into old, extended objects. We suggest this is preceded by a period of increase in radio luminosity, which lasts as long as the radio source is confined within the core-radius of its host galaxy. We have selected a sample of nearby compact radio sources, unbiased by radio spectrum, to determine their luminosity function, size distribution, dynamical ages, and emission line properties in a complete and homogeneous way. First results indicate that the large majority of objects (>80%) exhibit classical GPS/CSS radio spectra, and show structures consistent with them being compact double or compact symmetric objects. This sample provides an ideal basis to further test and constrain possible evolution scenarios, and to investigate the relation between radio spectra and morphologies, orientation and Doppler boosting in samples of young radio-loud AGN, in an unbiased way.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Source of objects'

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