Academic literature on the topic 'Sources of ash'
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Journal articles on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Sharifi, Mehdi, Mumtaz Cheema, Kristie McVicar, Lise LeBlanc, and Sherry Fillmore. "Evaluation of liming properties and potassium bioavailability of three Atlantic Canada wood ash sources." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93, no. 6 (2013): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2013-168.
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Sharifi, M., Cheema, M., Mahoney, K., LeBlanc, L. and Fillmore, S. 2013. Evaluation of liming properties and potassium bioavailability of three Atlantic Canada wood ash sources. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 1209–1216. Wood ash has the potential to enhance productivity in agricultural systems by influencing soil pH and nutrient availability. The liming properties and fertility values of wood ash from three Atlantic wood ash sources were evaluated in this study. The liming properties were tested using three wood ash sources [JD Irving (IR), New Page (NP), and Brooklyn Power (BP)] and two local lime sources in an 8-mo incubation experiment at 25°C. Soil pH was measured 14 times during the incubation. Availability of potassium (K) in wood ash was evaluated in a greenhouse setting with a K-deficient soil using annual ryegrass as the test plant. Total plant K and P uptake and Mehlich-3 extractable K and P were used as predictors of nutrient bioavailability. Wood ash application increased soil pH to the maximum level within the first 50 d after application and stabilized soil pH for 8 mo. The measured effective calcium carbonate equivalent of ashes relative to Mosher lime average among two soils were in order of BP (32)>IR (25)>NP (16). About 96, 38, and 71% of total K in IR, NP and BP ash sources, respectively, were bioavailable for ryegrass in 115 d. Although soil was not P deficient, soil P bioavailability (Mehlich III extractable P) was enhanced by 14 and 48% in NP and BP wood ash treatments, respectively, whereas P bioavailability decreased by 24% in the IR ash treatment. The results clearly demonstrate that these sources of wood ash can be considered as an effective liming agent and source of K in agricultural production systems.
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Borgatta, Jaya, Amanda Paskavitz, Deborah Kim, and Juan G. Navea. "Comparative evaluation of iron leach from different sources of fly ash under atmospherically relevant conditions." Environmental Chemistry 13, no. 5 (2016): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en16046.
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Environmental contextIron, a limiting nutrient of plankton in the ocean, is deposited to the sea from atmospheric aerosols. In particular, atmospheric acidic conditions promote dissolution of iron from fly ash, a by-product of coal-fired power plants. Here, we report that the iron leached from fly ash depends on its source region, and that the type of combustion process may influence the iron species mobilized. AbstractFly ash, an iron-containing by-product of coal-fired power plants, has been observed in atmospheric aerosol plumes. Under the acidic atmospheric conditions resulting from the uptake of atmospheric gases, iron leached from fly ash can impact global biogeochemical cycles. However, the fly ash source region, as well as its generating power plant, plays an important role in the amount, speciation and lability of iron. Yet no comparative studies have been made on iron leached from fly ash from different sources. This study reports the iron mobilisation by proton-promoted dissolution from well-characterised fly ash samples from three distinctive locations: the USA Midwest, north-east India and Europe. In addition, pH dependency was also investigated. Proton-promoted dissolution showed a variability between source regions with a relative iron leach in the order USA Midwestern>north-east Indian>European ash. In addition, the initial rate of iron leach suggests that source region is indeed a determining factor in the iron leaching capacity of fly ash, because dissolution from Midwestern fly ash is also faster than both European and Indian ash. Finally, the combustion process of fly ash proved to be significant for the iron speciation, given that well-combusted fly ash samples leached mostly Fe3+ rather than bioavailable Fe2+. The role of fly ash should therefore be taken into account in order to better understand the effects of combustion particles in atmospheric iron deposition.
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Yusuf, Yulizar, Vivin Firman Savitri, and Hermansyah Aziz. "Pengaruh Penggunaan Fly Ash dari Berbagai Sumber terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Sifat Fisika pada Semen Tipe I (OPC)." Jurnal Riset Kimia 11, no. 2 (2020): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jrk.v11i2.350.
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The aim of this study is to utilize fly ash from various sources on chemical and physical properties of cement type I (OPC). Utilization of fly ash can improve the strengthness of the cement. It can reduce the waste of fly ash by utilization into cement process. The procedure has been carried out on cement type I (OPC) with the addition of fly ash additives from various sources with concentration variations such as 10% and 20%. Utilization of fly ash as additives substance in cement works to improve the quality of cement. The main parameter in determining the quality of cement is determined by the compressive strength. The results of the compressive strength test showed that the addition of fly ash with a concentration of 10% had a higher effect on the compressive strength than the addition of a concentration of 20%. 5 types fly ash from various sources, fly ash from PT Sinar Mas gives greater compressive strength at 28 days. the addition of fly ash additives to OPC cement mixture has chemical and physical properties which are not much different from properties of PCC cement.
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Akinmutimi, A.L., V.E. Osodeke, and A.O. Ano. "Yield and Nutrient Composition of Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L) Lam) as Influenced by Application of Three Different Sources of Ash." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (2013): 101–9. https://doi.org/10.15580/GJAS.2013.2.112212281.
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<strong>Three different ash materials (kitchen wood ash –KWA, oil palm bunch ash-PBA and timber saw mill ash- SDA) applied at the rates of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 tons/ha were incorporated in an Ultisol planted with sweetpotato to evaluate their effects on yield and crop quality, using sweet potato as a test crop. The soil was acidic and deficient in N, % O.C., K, Ca, Mg and Na. Considering the total tuber weight of sweet potato, </strong><strong>all the ash sources increased yields over the control, but only the KWA produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in yield over the control. Total tuber weight of sweet potato increased with amount of ash applied; 4 tons/ha which gave 53.76 % increase in the total tuber weight was optimum.</strong><strong> </strong><strong>SDA also, significantly (P<0.05) increased the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents of sweet potato. 8 tons/ha of the same gave the highest contents of N, P and K.</strong>
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Shridhar, Bhawna, and Sushil Kumar. "Extraction from Different Natural Sources and their Pharmacognostical Studies." Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, no. 3 (2023): 1328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i3.1651.
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Natural products from medicinal plants, either as pure compounds or as standardized extracts, provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability of chemical diversity. The focus of this paper is on the analytical methodologies, which include the extraction, isolation and characterization of active ingredients in botanicals and herbal preparations. The analysis of Phytoconstituents was performed physicochemical parameters (foreign matter, moisture content, loss on drying, total ash, water-soluble ash, acid-insoluble ash, sulphated-ash, alcohol-soluble extractive, water-soluble extractive and pH values), Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Test for carbohydrates, Test for amino acids, Test for steroid, Test for fat, Test for oils, Test for alkaloids, Test for tannins, Test for phenolic compounds, Test for Saponin glycosides, Test for flavonoids, Test for volatile oils and Test for heavy metals ), Tests for Aflatoxin and Thin-Layer chromatography. The results were discussed that all Phytoconstituents extracted from Fennel, Amla and Tulsi were nom-toxic and safe. All Phytoconstituents were free from heavy metals and Aflatoxin. The major goals of extraction are to increase yields of bioactive substances, reduce extraction time, be more environmentally friendly, and attain economic viability without sacrificing biological activity.
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Veselova, Dana, and Rasma Tretjakova. "EXPERIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION USE OF WOOD ASH." HUMAN. ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. Proceedings of the Students International Scientific and Practical Conference, no. 21 (April 19, 2017): 260–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/het2017.21.3573.
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Biomass as a source of energy will reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels, but at the same time, we add value to countries where biomass fuel sources are just beginning to thrive, in addition to providing renewable energy sources. Biomass energy is recognized as an important component in many countries, as future energy scenario and could contribute significantly to the economic, social situation and environmental objectives. Therefore, the emphasis on biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels has increased in recent times. Research has been conducted for the determination of ash wood, wood ash adding soil, wood ash addition of concrete, but to results subdivisions include information on the quantity of wood ash, wood ash for the soil, concrete strength and determination of wood pellets ash compression.
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Ismail, Ardin Rozandi, Danang Purwanto, Tsulis Iqbal Khairul Amar, and Matrunevich Oksana Viktorovna. "COMPARISONAL ANALYSIS OF FLY ASH (CASE STUDY AT PLTU PORT RATU)." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ENGINEERING AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY (IJEAT) 3, no. 2 (2020): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/ijeat.v3i2.41.
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Fly ash can include toxins from high levels of bottom ash in some circumstances, such as burning of solid waste to generate power (resource recovery facilities or waste-to-energy conversion), and combining fly ash and bottom ash together delivers corresponding quantities of contaminants. Under some conditions, fly ash can be classified as non-hazardous waste, but if it is not blended, it can be classified as hazardous waste. The goal of this research was to find out about the differences between fly and bottom ash, as well as the influence of fly ash on bottom ash in terms of avoiding abrasion. In addition, the study's goal was to see how fly ash affected coconut fiber's resistance to abrasion. This study employed a quantitative technique in which the researcher used primary data sources such as questionnaires and observations, as well as secondary data sources such as prior studies. The findings revealed that fly ash had no effect on bottom ash in terms of avoiding abrasion. Furthermore, it is well known that neither fly ash nor bottom ash are effective against coconut fiber. Fly ash has a coarser texture than bottom ash, according to the findings. The regression test revealed that there was no difference between fly ash and bottom ash, as well as coconut coir, in terms of reducing abrasion
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Tennakoon, Chandani, Kwesi Sagoe-Crentsil, Jay G. Sanjayan, and Ahmad Shayan. "Early Age Properties of Alkali Activated Brown Coal Fly Ash Binders." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.457.
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The present study evaluates potential re-use options for two different types of brown coal fly ash (class C) sourced from Australia as feedstock for geopolymer binder systems. The study covers analysis of fundamental material and mix-design requirements for geopolymer binders as a basis to achieve durable brown coal ash geopolymer matrices. The study established that reference unblended 100% brown coal ash geopolymer mortar samples yielded low strength, typically below 5MPa and poor durability. However, appropriate blends of brown coal ash with selected black coal fly ash (class F) and blast furnace slag to achieve target Si/Al ratios significantly enhanced both setting characteristics, as well as early age compressive strength development (25-35MPa) while improving overall durability performance compared to reference mixes. Moreover, lagoon fly ash blended geopolymer shows better durability while dry precipitator fails to perform well. The discussion also focuses on key source material parameters and reaction processes that influence compressive strength and durability behaviour of marginal brown coal ash sources during geopolymerisation reactions.
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Wu, Guoqiang, Zhanlong Ma, Guosheng Li, and Chunmiao Bo. "The distribution and enrichment characteristics of rare earth elements between coals and coal ashes from four coal-fired power plants." RSC Advances 14, no. 4 (2024): 2678–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra08198b.
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Tion, M. A., and P. C. Njoku. "Assessing calcium availability from limestone sources through bone and blood status of chickens." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 36, no. 1 (2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v36i1.1396.
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Calcium (Cu) availability from limestone (procured from different cement factories) was assessed through bone and blood status of chickens using the completely randomized design. Five hundred and twenty five (525) straight run broiler chicks that were 28 days Of age (trial l), four hundred and twenty (420) broiler finishers that were 56 days of age (trial 2), and 210 layers that had been laying for six months (trial 3) were used in the study. Six limestone dietary treatments and a control accounted for the seven diets that were assessed Twelve birds per treatment and 4 per replicate that had their weights close to the mean of the pen were selected in the broiler trials (trials I and 2) and three birds per pen and nine per diet were selected in the layer trial (trial 3) for bone and blood samples analysis. Bone samples were analyzed for bone weight, bone length, ash weight, percentage ash, Ca and phosphorus contents of ash and blood samples were analyzed for plasma Ca and alkaline phosphates activity. Results showed similar influence of sources on bone weight, bone length, ash weight and percentage ash. Ca and P contents of ash were significantly (P<0.05) affected by limestone sources but generally. Limestone sources produced mean values that were equal to or than the control diet in the starter phase (trail 1). In the finisher phase (trial 2), only Ca content of ashy varied significantly where Jakura source produced the least mean value. The layer trial (trial 3) also produced mean values that were significant (P <0.05) for Ca content of ash with the Sokoto source producing the least mean value. Plasma Ca and alkaline phosphates enzyme activity attained published values for chickens. It was concluded based on the information from this study that the (h from tested limestone sources was generally available for chicken production.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Watson, Simon A. G. (Simon Andrew Glean). "Lubricant-derived ash : in-engine sources and opportunities for reduction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61614.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-228).<br>Diesel particulate filters (DPF) are an effective means for meeting increasingly stringent emissions regulations that limit particulate matter. Over time, ash primarily derived from metallic additives in the engine oil accumulates in DPFs. Lubricant-derived ash increases pressure drop and reduces fuel economy. After long time periods, the accumulation of ash may lead to irreversible plugging in DPFs, which necessitates periodic filter removal and cleaning. This thesis examines the sources for lubricant-derived ash in engines and explores potential opportunities to reduce ash emissions. The research studies changes in lubricant composition in the engine via advanced in-situ diagnostics and computer modeling of species transport in the power cylinder. These changes are directly related to ash emissions and the effectiveness of the lubricant in protecting engine components. In the first part of this thesis, sampling techniques are employed to determine the composition of the lubricant in critical locations in the engine system, where oil is lost by liquid oil consumption and vaporization. The first practical in-situ FTIR measurements of lubricant composition at the piston and liner interface are obtained with a novel diagnostics system employing Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) spectroscopy. This information is used to create a mass balance for ash-related elements and a framework for modeling the distribution of ash-related species in the engine. In the second part of this thesis, a novel approach to condition the lubricant at a fixed station in the oil circuit is explored as a potential means to reduce ash emissions. This study examines the performance of an innovative oil filter that releases no additives into the lubricant, yet enhances the acid control function typically performed by detergent and dispersant additives. The filter has the potential to be used as a replacement for detergent additives in a lubricant formulation, or enhance additive effectiveness there-by allowing in an increase in oil drain interval. This research will assist in the development of new formulations for diesel lubricants that minimize detrimental effects on DPFs, while providing adequate protection to engine components.<br>by Simon A.G. Watson.<br>Ph.D.
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Ndlovu, Hendry. "Ash from homestead fireplaces and wood as possible sources of minerals for livestock." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06172008135050.
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Adams, Zachry Clay Adams James F. "Comparison of broiler litter, broiler litter ash with reagent grade materials as sources of plant nutrients." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/ADAMS_ZACHRY_50.pdf.
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Rezaee, Mohammad. "Development of Strategies to Minimize the Release of Trace Elements from Coal Waste Sources." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/mng_etds/6.
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To assess strategies aimed at minimizing the release of trace elements and the impact of disposal of coal waste materials on the environment, two long-term leaching experiments of up to five months duration were performed using waste materials from two plants cleaning high and low sulfur bituminous coal. The tests evaluated the mobility of major trace elements under different disposal scenarios: (i) a static leaching test designed to simulate the quiescent conditions encountered by coal waste material stored under water in a stable impoundment, and (ii) a dynamic test to simulate waste materials exposed to the atmosphere, either in variable wet/dry storage conditions, or in unusual circumstances like those resulting from breaching of an impoundment containment wall. The results indicate that different refuse streams have different leaching characteristics due to difference in their mineralogy and the mobility of most elements is enhanced under highly alkaline or acidic conditions with a few being mobilized under both conditions, suggesting that the minimization of element mobility requires the pH value of the medium to be maintained around neutral. In addition, most of heavy metals were associated with the illite and pyrite minerals. Two strategies of treating coal refuse were evaluated: fly ash mixed with coarse refuse and co-disposal of coarse and fine refuse. Both methods were found to neutralize the pH conditions and thus reduce mobility of the trace elements in static leaching tests whereas the opposite was found from dynamic experiments. The results indicate that such controlled storage under water could retard acid generation and the mobility of trace elements.
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Karlsson, Ulrika. "Environmental levels of thallium : Influence of redox properties and anthropogenic sources." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Örebro universitetsbibliotek, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-356.
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Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin. "Le terme source des panaches de téphras : applications radars aux volcans Etna et Stromboli (Italie)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC057/document.
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Les panaches volcaniques de téphras constituent un des aléas volcaniques majeurs. Pour prévoir leur dispersion et les zones d'impacts de leurs retombées, des modèles numériques sont utilisés en opérationnel et basés sur des paramètres éruptifs, regroupés sous la notion de terme source, caractérisant l'émission des panaches. L'ensemble du terme source est cependant difficile à mesurer en temps réel. C'est pourquoi les modèles de dispersion sont souvent basés sur des scénarios d'éruptions passées et utilisent des lois empiriques reliant la hauteur des panaches avec les flux massiques à la source. Cependant, les résultats qui découlent de ces modèles sont peu contraints, moyennés sur la durée des éruptions, et souffrent de larges incertitudes. Dans cette optique, les radars Doppler, capables de sonder l'intérieur des colonnes éruptives avec des échelles spatio-temporelles fines, peuvent fournir des contraintes cruciales sur le terme source des panaches en temps réel. Ce travail de thèse traite des applications de radars volcanologiques dédiés, potentiellement transposables aux radars météorologiques communément utilisés, afin de fournir des paramètres éruptifs à la source des panaches de téphras en surveillance opérationnelle mais également pour contraindre la dynamique des colonnes éruptives et les charges internes des panaches et de leurs retombées. Une campagne de mesures au volcan Stromboli a permis de montrer les capacités d'un couplage innovant entre un disdromètre optique (Parsivel2) avec un nouveau radar Doppler à onde millimétrique (Mini-BASTA). Grâce à l'excellente résolution spatio-temporelle de Mini-BASTA (12,5 m et 1 s), des figures intermittentes de sédimentation ont été observées dans les retombées de panaches transitoires dilués. Observées également au disdromètre mesurant la vitesse et la taille des retombées, ces figures ont été reproduites en laboratoire grâce à un modèle analogique. Un modèle conceptuel de formation de thermiques de sédimentation inversés est proposé pour expliquer ces figures et implique que les processus menant à une sédimentation irrégulière typique des panaches soutenus et concentrés peuvent s'appliquer à des panaches dilués, y compris ceux issus d'éruptions Stromboliennes normales en régime transitoire. Ensuite, une caractérisation physique d'un grand nombre de particules de cendres échantillonnées à Stromboli a permis de valider les mesures de tailles et de vitesses terminales de chutes par disdromètre sur le terrain et en laboratoire, justifiant par ailleurs son utilisation opérationnelle. A partir de ces contraintes, une loi reliant les concentrations de cendres avec les facteurs de réflectivité calculés a pu être comparée aux mesures radar in situ. Les concentrations internes modale et maximale des panaches de Stromboli sont respectivement autour de 1 × 10-5 kg m-3 et 7,45 × 10-4 kg m-3, largement supérieures au seuil fixé pour la sécurité aérienne. Les concentrations en cendres des retombées s’étalent entre 1,87 × 10-8 - 2,42 × 10-6 kg m-3 avec un mode vers 4 × 10-7 kg m-3.Finalement, ce travail de thèse montre les applications opérationnelles du radar UHF VOLDORAD 2B dans le cadre de la surveillance de l'activité de l'Etna. Une méthodologie, applicable à tout radar Doppler, a été développée pour obtenir des flux de masse de téphras en temps réel à partir d’un proxy de masse, uniquement basé sur les vitesses d'éjection et puissances mesurées, calibré avec un modèle de colonne tenant compte de l'influence du vent sur les panaches. La gamme de flux trouvée pour 47 paroxysmes entre 2011 et 2015 s’étend de 2.96 × 104 à 3.26 × 106 kg s-1. A partir d’un autre modèle de colonne éruptive, Plume-MoM, les flux radar ont permis de modéliser des hauteurs des panaches de téphras émis lors de quatre paroxysmes de l'Etna cohérentes avec les observations faites en temps réel par imagerie visible et par radar en bande-X. (...)<br>Volcanic tephra plumes are one of the major volcanic hazards. To forecast their dispersion and the impact zones of their fallout, the numerical models used in operational monitoring are based on eruptive parameters, called the source term, characterizing the plume emission. Source term parameters are challenging to measure in real time. This is why dispersion models are often based on past eruptive scenarios and use empirical laws that relate plume heights to source mass fluxes. However, the model outputs are not well constrained, averaged over the eruption duration, and suffer from large uncertainties. In this topic, Doppler radars are capable of probing the interior of eruptive columns and plumes at high space-time resolution and can provide crucial constraints on the source term in real time. This thesis deals with applications in operational monitoring of dedicated volcanological radars, potentially transposable to most common meteorological radars, to provide eruptive parameters at the source of tephra plumes but also to constrain the dynamics and internal mass load of eruptive columns, volcanic plumes and their fallout.A measurement campaign at Stromboli volcano has shown the capabilities of an innovative coupling between an optical disdrometer (Parsivel2) and a new 3-mm wave Doppler radar (Mini-BASTA). Owing to its high spatio-temporal resolution (12.5 m and 1 s), intermittent sedimentation patterns were observed in the fallout of dilute transient plumes typical of normal strombolian activity. These features, also recorded with the disdrometer, measuring the particle settling speeds and sizes, were reproduced in the laboratory using an analog model. A conceptual model for the formation of reversed sedimentation thermals is proposed to explain these features. It implies that processes leading to irregular sedimentation typical of sustained concentrated strong plumes can be applied to dilute weak plumes, including those formed by normal transient Strombolian activity. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed the validation of particle size and terminal velocity measurements by the disdrometer in the field and in the laboratory, arguing in favor of its operational use. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed to validate the measurements of size and terminal velocity of falls by disdrometer in the field and in laboratory, justifying also its operational use. From these constraints, a law relating ash concentrations with calculated reflectivity factors was found and compared to in situ radar measurements inside ash plumes and fallout. The modal and maximum internal concentrations of Strombolian plumes are at about 1 × 10-5 kg m-3 and 7.5 × 10-4 kg m-3 respectively, well above the threshold for aviation safety. Ash concentrations in the fallout range from 1.9× 10-8 to 2.4 × 10-6 kg m-3 with a mode at about 4 × 10-7 kg m-3.Finally, this thesis work shows operational applications of the UHF VOLDORAD 2B radar for the monitoring of explosive activity at Etna. A methodology, applicable to any Doppler radar, has been developed to obtain tephra mass eruption rates in real time from a mass proxy, based only on measured ejection velocities and power, and calibrated with an eruptive column model taking crosswinds into account. Tephra mass fluxes found for 47 paroxysms between 2011 and 2015 range from 3 × 104 to over 3 × 106 kg s-1. Then, tephra plumes heights of four Etna paroxysms were simulated using the eruptive column model Plume-MoM from the radar-derived mass eruption rates and were found consistent with real-time observations made by visible imagery and by X-band radar. This last part demonstrates the capabilities of VOLDORAD 2B to provide quantitative input parameters for dispersion models in the case of future Etna paroxysms. (...)
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Ervin, Clara Ray. "Poultry Litter Ash as an Alternative Fertilizer Source for Corn." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103199.
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Poultry litter ash (PLA) is a co-product from manure-to-energy systems that originated in response to increased poultry litter (PL) volumes generated in concentrated poultry production regions. Investigating PLA as a crop fertilizer is an alternative solution to balancing poultry and crop regional nutrient cycling in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As the expanding world population places pressure on the poultry industry to meet consumption demands, increased PL production presents an obstacle to identify alternative uses for increased volumes. Currently, Virginia produces 44 million broilers with PL produced predominately in the Shenandoah Valley and Eastern Shore. Likewise, a growing world population places pressure on crop production areas and subsequently finite natural resources used for crop fertilization. Poultry litter ash is an alternative phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) source enhancing transportation logistics, repurposing PL nutrients, and offers dual purpose as a fertilizer and an energy source when compared to PL.
Three PLA products [(fluidized bed bulk (FB Bulk), fluidized bed fly (FB Fly), and combustion Mix (CMix)], two manufactured co-products [(granulated poultry litter ash (GPLA), and ash coated urea (ACU)] were evaluated as P, K, and N sources for corn (Zea Mays L.) production in comparison to industry fertilizers [(PL, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (KCL), and urea). A comprehensive examination of elemental composition, P speciation, P and K solubility, improved functionality into granulized forms, and field testing were conducted to discern PLA potential as an alternative fertilizer source.
Poultry litter ash products were evaluated by total elemental analysis, backscatter-electron dispersive (BSED) microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Poultry litter ash elemental concentrations were highly variable ranging from 50.6 to 102.0 g P kg -1 and 62.6 to 120.0 g K kg -1 and were comparatively higher than PL concentrations. Phosphorus structures that provided and controlled P solubility were Ca and Ca-Mg-phosphate compounds. Spectroscopy confirmed Ca structures as predominately monetite (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous; CaHPO4; log K ̊ 0.30) and brushite (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate; CaHPO4.2H20; 0.63 log K ̊ ) species that were supported by BSED and elemental stoichiometric ratios (Ca:P; 1.12 to 1.71:1). Additionally, GPLA acidified from FB Fly had higher brushite and monetite percentages described by spectra models, translating into a more soluble Ca-phosphate species when compared to FB Fly original P species.
Granulated poultry litter acidulation trials successfully identified a desired granulation point of 29% (14.5 g acid to 50 g PLA) phosphoric acid (75% H3PO4) acidulation. Acidulation dose response relationships created simple linear regression (SLR) equations that sufficiently (R2 > 0.80) described changes in total measurable P and water soluble P, pH, and exothermic reaction temperatures to increasing H3PO4 acidulation. Solubility tests included: sequential extraction, particle size effect on solubility, carbon effect on water soluble P, and Mehlich-1 extraction of PLA sources that confirmed decreased P solubility. A majority PLA P was found in bound plant unavailable fractions (87.7 to 97.7% P of total P). Granulated poultry litter ash had improved P plant available P of 36.0% P of total P. Carbon (C) effects on PLA P were examined by ashing PLA samples in a muffle furnace at 550 ̊C. Differences in total carbon content negatively impacted FB Bulk and CMix total P (1.30 and 4.56 g P kg -1); however, muffle furnace temperatures increased FB Fly total P by 6.74 g P kg -1.
All fertilizer products were investigated under field conditions in separate P, K and N corn studies across Virginia coastal plain soils to determine fertilizer effects on corn plant parameters [(most mature leaf (V6), corn ear leaf (R1), and grain (R6)]. Poultry litter P treatments, averaged over rate, recorded highest yield in both years. At eight of nine field sites, FB Bulk resulted in numerically or significantly higher Mehlich-1 concentrations than other P sources post-harvest. Although Mehlich-1 P increased, yield and plant parameters did not; which leads to the conclusion that PLA sources increased soil residual P that did not translate into immediate plant availability recorded within a growing season. Across plant efficacy parameters examined, PLA K is a comparable nutrient source and improved plant parameters when compared to control. Eighteen out of twenty-one plant parameters examined found similar ACU and urea effects on N concentrations. Therefore, ACU is a comparable N source to urea. When compared to industry fertilizer sources, we concluded that PLA is a slowly available P source, decreased P availability negatively affected early plant growth, K is a comparable nutrient source and improved plant parameters compared to control, and ACU effectively provided N to maintain sufficient corn growth. In conclusion, PLA co-products serve as a densified nutrient source that may provide plant available nutrients if processed to aid in nutrient distribution to grain producing areas.<br>Doctor of Philosophy<br>Poultry litter ash (PLA) is a co-product from manure-to-energy systems that originated in response to increased poultry litter (PL) volumes generated in concentrated poultry production regions. Investigating PLA as an alternative crop fertilizer is essential to balancing poultry and crop regional nutrient cycling in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As the expanding world population places pressure on the poultry industry to meet consumption demands, heightened PL production presents an obstacle to identify alternative uses for increased volumes. Currently, Virginia produces 44,683,904 broilers with PL produced predominately in the Shenandoah Valley and Eastern Shore. Likewise, a growing world population places pressure on crop production areas and subsequently finite natural resources used for fertilization vital to maintaining crop yields. Poultry litter ash, a co-product from manure-to-energy systems, is an alternative phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) source enhancing transportation logistics, repurposing PL nutrients, and offers dual purpose as a fertilizer and an energy source when compared to PL.
In this dissertation, three PLA products [(fluidized bed bulk (FB Bulk), fluidized bed fly (FB Fly), and combustion Mix (CMix)], two manufactured co-products [(granulated poultry litter ash (GPLA), and ash coated urea (ACU)] were evaluated as P, K, and N source for corn (Zea Mays L.) production in comparison to industry fertilizers (PL, triple superphosphate (TSP), muriate of potash (KCL), and urea). Each of the following chapters provides a comprehensive examination of the following topics: elemental composition, P speciation, P and K solubility, improved functionality into granulized forms, and field testing designed to provide parameters to conclude PLA potential as an alternative P, K and N source.
In the second chapter, PLA products were evaluated by total elemental analysis, backscatter-electron dispersive (BSED) microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Poultry litter ash elemental concentrations are highly variable and are comparatively higher than PL concentrations. Phosphorus structure and species identified Ca as the primary element controlling P structure and subsequent solubility. The third component of this dissertation is granulation trials investigating phosphoric acid effects on granulizing and increasing total and water soluble P. Our results identified 29% (14.5 g acid to 50 g PLA) phosphoric acid acidulation for desired granule size. The third dissertation component examines PLA solubility. The results demonstrated PLA decreased P water solubility when compared to industry fertilizer sources. Granulated poultry litter ash demonstrated improved P plant availability due to the granulation process.
The final and fourth dissertation components investigated PLA sources under field conditions in separate P, K and N corn studies across Virginia coastal plain soils to determine fertilizer effects on corn plant parameters. Minority of plant parameters tested revealed P control yielded numerically higher P concentrations than PLA P sources tested. Poultry litter P treatments, averaged over rate, recorded highest yield in both years. At eight of nine field sites, FB Bulk resulted in numerically or significantly higher Mehlich-1 concentrations than other P sources post-harvest. Although Mehlich-1 P concentrations increased, yield and plant parameters did not; which leads to the conclusion that PLA sources increased soil residual P that did not translate into immediate plant availability recorded within a growing season. Across plant efficacy parameters examined, PLA K is a comparable nutrient source and improved plant parameters when compared to controls. The majority of plant parameters examined found similar ACU and urea effects on N concentrations. Therefore, ACU is a comparable N source to urea. When compared to industry fertilizer sources, field results concluded that PLA is a slowly available P source, decreased P availability negatively affected early plant growth, K is a comparable nutrient source and improve plant parameters compared to control, ACU effectively provides N to maintain sufficient corn growth. In conclusion, PLA co-products serve as a densified nutrient source that may provide plant available nutrients if processed to aid in nutrient distribution to grain producing areas.
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Dodson, J. "Wheat straw ash and its use as a silica source." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1931/.
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The overall aim of this project was to study the reutilisation of the major ash components, predominantly silica and potassium, in wheat straw combustion residues to form alkali silicate binders for novel inorganic composite boards. Wheat straw of one variety and year was studied in detail on a lab-scale. Studies on the effects of combustion time and temperature show, for the first time, that the inherent alkali in the wheat straw is sufficient to solubilise up to 25% of the silica in the ash at room temperature. Combustion at temperatures below 600 °C gives the highest silica extraction by producing the most alkaline solutions, preventing calcium solubility and maintaining silica in a more reactive form. The first detailed comparisons of the effect of wheat straw variety and growth year on the properties of its combustion residues show that their mineralogical composition, leaching of inorganic components, silica structure and alkalinity can be correlated to the initial elemental composition. Pretreatment of wheat straw by ethanol extraction indicates that this can reduce the potassium and chloride content similar to that achieved by water washing, potentially producing a less problematic material for combustion, without significantly reducing the alkalinity of the combustion residues. This is believed to be the first reported observation of this effect. Pyrolysis of the wheat straw followed by char washing prior to combustion demonstrates improved extractability of the silica present utilising the inherent alkalinity, compared to extraction of the ashes. The leached chars display a lower ash content, lower potassium content, lower chloride content and higher calorific value, making them more suitable for combustion than the initial straw. Finally, the formation of alkali silicate solutions from commercial biomass combustion residues is demonstrated. Biosilicate solutions comparable to commercial potassium silicate solutions are formed by extraction of the bottom ashes. These show potential as binders for inorganic composite boards.
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Joseph, Alain A. "CFB fly ash as a calcium and boron source for radish, rutabaga, and alfalfa." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0019/MQ57300.pdf.
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Fredriksson, Helena. "Characterization of starch from different sources /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5540-5.gif.
Full textBooks on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Corporation, Radian, and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, eds. National dioxin study tier 4: Combustion sources : ash sampling program. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1985.
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United States. Army. Counter Intelligence Corps., ed. A Man called A.H. Garland Pub., 1989.
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GMAC (Committee : U.S.). Grants administration information sources. National Institutes of Health, 1985.
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A, John David, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field guide to Oligocene-Miocene ash-flows and source calderas in the Great Basin of Nevada. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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A, John David, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field guide to Oligocene-Miocene ash-flows and source calderas in the Great Basin of Nevada. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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A, John David, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field guide to Oligocene-Miocene ash-flows and source calderas in the Great Basin of Nevada. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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A, John David, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field guide to Oligocene-Miocene ash-flows and source calderas in the Great Basin of Nevada. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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A, John David, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field guide to Oligocene-Miocene ash-flows and source calderas in the Great Basin of Nevada. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1994.
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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Transportation Technologies, ed. Alternative fuel information sources. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, 1997.
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Treadwell, Luke. Buyid coinage: A die corpus (322-445 A.H.). Ashmolean Museum, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Gollakota, A. R. K., Chi-Min Shu, and Sneha Gautam. "Turning Coal Fly Ash into Zeolite for Effective Waste Management." In Pollutants from Energy Sources. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3281-4_13.
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Pratap Singh, Swatantra, Amritanshu Shriwastav, and Abhishek Gupta. "Strategies for Collection, Treatment, and Recycling of Fly Ash from Thermal Power Plants." In Pollutants from Energy Sources. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3281-4_6.
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Sireesha, Ghanta Naga, and Prishati Raychowdhury. "Dynamic Characterization of Indian Pond Ash Through Cyclic Simple Shear Tests." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_43.
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AbstractIndia depends heavily on coal-based thermal power plants for its energy requirements, with as much as 75% of all installed power production capacity sourced from coal-based plants. Although the country is gradually moving towards non-conventional and renewable energy sources, still the dependency on coal-based energy is significant to date. Some recent studies have indicated that by 2030, the country will be in need of more than 1340 MT coal for power generation annually. The average ash production is 33% of coal consumed, which in turn implies that nearly 437 MT of annual ash production. To reduce this disposal problem and the construction cost of engineering structures, pond ash is nowadays encouraged to be widely used as a geotechnical fill material in various infrastructure, in particular highway construction. However, there is significant research gap regarding understanding the behaviour of pond ash, particularly under repetitive cyclic loading, vehicle-induced vibratory loading, and earthquake-induced high-intensity and high-frequency transient loadings. The present study focuses on experimentally investigating the cyclic behaviour of pond ash samples under various confining pressures and strain levels and relative densities. The pond ash sample was collected from the nearby Parichha Thermal Power Plant located in Jhansi town in Uttar Pradesh, India. A series of element-level strain-controlled cyclic simple shear tests have been conducted for this purpose, apart from physical characteristic tests, compaction test, permeability tests, and direct shear tests on pond ash. The dynamic shear modulus was observed to be highly sensitive to the change in confining pressure, showing an increase of about 34% when the confining pressure was increased from 100 kPa to 200 kPa. For subjected to higher strain amplitude, the ash material showed softer behaviour with faster degradation in strength and stiffness and increased vulnerability for liquefaction related failure.
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Sithanantham, S., M. Prabakaran, and P. Narayanasamy. "Potential of Silica Sources Including Fly Ash as Green Technology Inputs to Induce Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses in Crop Plants: Overview." In Circular Economy and Fly Ash Management. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0014-5_10.
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Farahzadi, Leila, Saeed Bozorgmehr Nia, Behrouz Shafei, and Mahdi Kioumarsi. "Preliminary Environmental Assessment of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Mixtures." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-69626-8_49.
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AbstractUltra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is well known for its exceptional strength and durability in modern construction and bridges. Despite its advantages, traditional UHPC mixes with high cement content can negatively affect the environment through CO2 emissions. This study aims to investigate using low-impact supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as ground granulated blast furnace (GGBF) slag, fly ash, and silica fume as replacements for cement in different ratios in UHPC compositions. A life cycle assessment (LCA) has been conducted to evaluate the environmental impact of these innovative UHPC compositions. The evaluation considers critical variables, including resource allocation, energy sources, raw material procurement distances, and manufacturing processes. Using SCMs in UHPC formulas helps lessen the impact of global warming and aids in mitigating climate change. These results highlight the importance of using new material combinations to promote sustainability in construction, showing ways to adopt more environment-friendly solutions and creating a path toward a more sustainable future in concrete production.
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Bourdeau, M. "The Nonabelian Chern-Simons Term with Sources and Braid Source Statistics." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3802-8_13.
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Bös, Birte. "Conceptualisations, sources and agents of news." In Changing Genre Conventions in Historical English News Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ahs.5.02bos.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Crataegus macrosperma Ashe." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_2365.
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Azimova, Shakhnoza S., and Anna I. Glushenkova. "Carrichtera annua (L.) Asch." In Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources. Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-323-7_663.
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Bernhardt, Jürgen H. "Characteristics of Optical Noncoherent Sources." In NATO ASI Series. Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0661-8_2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Krystaszek, Wiktor, Helena Sekula, Radoslaw Duman, and Magdalena Kurtyka. "GREENHOUSE WITH WASTE SUBSTRATE POWERED BY RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s20.20.
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The main purposes of the project were to analyze the possibility of using waste from the energy sector - fly ash from the lignite combustion process - as a growing medium, as well as to use the electricity obtained from the photovoltaic panel to power the equipment located in the constructed greenhouse. In addition, the project involved the development of a connection of equipment to ensure proper air parameters for growing plants. The constructed and equipped greenhouse stand was used to perform vase tests on white mustard seeds. The test was carried out in four trials for each of the adopted ash concentrations in the growing medium. The grown plants were examined for plant length and root length. The experiment showed a positive effect of the ash substrate on the growth of the above-ground part of the plant and the number of germinated seeds. These results suggest that fly ash can play an important role as a substitute for traditional crop substrates, contributing to the efficient use of waste from the energy sector. Keywords: Waste from the energy industry, RES-powered greenhouse, renewable energy sources, growing plants on waste substrates
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Kintl, Antonin, Igor Hunady, Julie Sobotkova, Martin Brtnicky, and Jakub Elbl. "LOCAL SOURCE OF PHOSPHORUS FROM SEED PRODUCTION WASTE." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/3.1/s13.30.
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The presented paper focuses the issue of finding new sources of phosphorus fertilizers to be used in conventional agriculture. Various types of pellets for heating purposes were tested. Based on the determination of phosphorus (P) content in ash obtained from the combustion of pellets produced from plant waste generated during the production of seed materials, it was found out that getting P from this ash is more effective than getting P from the ash of wooden pellets that are commonly used as fuel in households. With the declared average consumption of wooden pellets by one household living in a family house, which is on average 5 tons for the heating season, one dose of 43 kg P required to fertilize 1 hectare of soil before sowing winter rape would be represented by ash from 50 tons of wooden pellets consumed by ten households, while using pellets made from the plant waste, e.g. from white sweet clover, would need only 7.5 tons of ash which is produced by 1.36 households at the consumption of 5 tons of these pellets for the heating season. Using ash from the combustion of pellets made of plant waste can be a practical contribution to improved cycling of phosphorus in agricultural ecosystems because the sources of phosphorus fertilizers may be depleted in the near future.
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Baker, Brian A., and Gaylord D. Smith. "Corrosion Resistance of Alloy 740 as Superheater Tubing in Coal-Fired Ultra-Supercritical Boilers." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04526.
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Abstract The nature of coal ash corrosion and factors affecting its severity are examined. Laboratory results for iron- and nickel-base alloys from a number of sources are compared. Flue gas composition (SO2 content), coal ash alkali sulfate content, surface temperature and alloy composition are related to corrosion behavior. Results from in situ plant exposures will also be discussed; the role of key alloying elements will be addressed.
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Keiser, James R., Gavin L. Warrington, Samuel A. Lewis, et al. "Corrosion and Chemical Characterization of Bio-Oils from Biomass with Varying Ash and Moisture Contents." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16726.
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ABSTRACT As part of the Feedstock Conversion Interface Consortium four samples of pine chips (all combinations of low and high moisture and ash content) were collected and processed for fast pyrolysis. The prepared biomass samples were liquefied at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) using the fast pyrolysis process. Following some characterization of the bio-oils at NREL, the bio-oils were shipped to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for corrosion testing and further characterization. The content and composition of ash in each bio-oil was determined. Corrosion testing consisted of exposing selected metallic and elastomer samples for 1000 hr at 50°C and for longer times at room temperature as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements to assess relative corrosivity of the bio-oils. Chemical characterization was conducted to identify the corrosive component of the bio-oils as well as to define the chemical differences among the oils. It was hypothesized that there could be a catalytic effect from the higher ash content in two of the biomass sources. Results of these characterization and corrosion studies will be reported.
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Diep, Daniel V. "Chemical Treatment Additives to Minimize High-Temperature Corrosion and Deposits in Liquid and Solid-Fired Boilers." In CORROSION 1988. NACE International, 1988. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1988-88137.
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Abstract Fuel impurities such as sulfur, alkalies (Na, K), vanadium, and chlorine can play an important role in the formation of liquid phase deposits and are considered the main sources of fireside corrosion. Liquid phase deposits not only promote the accumulation of fly ash particles on heat transfer surfaces, but also provide electrolytes for electrochemical attack of metal tubes. Many efforts have been made to minimize or control deposits and corrosion. These include boiler and burner designs, combustion control, fuel selection, mechanical cleaning using highly resistant alloys, and applying chemical additives. Additives can react with ash particles or slag constituents to modify deposit structure; inhibit the formation of liquid phase, corrosive compounds; and form a protective barrier on the tube surfaces.
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Pech-Canul, M. A., and A. A. Sagüés. "Evaluation of Steel Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Drainage Culverts." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99563.
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Abstract In an investigation in progress, reinforced concrete test specimens cut from two different sources of concrete culvert pipe were tested under cyclic saltwater ponding and under constant exposure to seawater. The specimens were electrochemically monitored over 700 days (cyclic test) and 400 days constant exposure for evidence of corrosion initiation and measurement of resulting corrosion rates. Corrosion initiation took place after a few months of exposure in the cyclic ponding tests. The corrosion was localized and developed at regions where the concrete cover was lowest (but still within a range consistent with manufacturing practice). Corrosion rates after initiation in the affected spots were estimated to be sufficient to cause concrete cover deterioration after a few years. No corrosion initiation took place after 400 days of continuous exposure to simulated seawater. Near-surface chloride concentrations were much higher in the concrete exposed to cyclic ponding than in that continuously exposed to salt water. Within each exposure regime, the concrete containing fly ash developed a higher near-surface chloride content than the OPC. The apparent chloride diffusivity of the OPC concrete was greater than that of the concrete containing fly ash, even though the reported total binder content of the OPC concrete was higher. The average estimated threshold chloride concentration under cyclic ponding conditions for fly ash containing concrete was ~ 0.6% of binder content. For OPC concrete it was ~ 0.34% of binder content, but the latter value may be underestimated since stable corrosion initiation in the OPC concrete was not observed.
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Natesan, K. "Corrosion Performance of Ceramic Materials in Slagging Environments." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97143.
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Abstract Conceptual designs of advanced combustion systems that utilize coal as a feedstock require high-temperature furnaces and heat transfer surfaces that can operate at temperatures much higher than those prevalent in current coed-fired power plants. The combination of elevated temperatures and hostile combustion environments requires the development and application of advanced ceramic materials in these designs. The objectives of the present program are to evaluate the (a) chemistry of gaseous and condensed products that arise during combustion of coal; (b) corrosion behavior of candidate materials in air, slag, and salt environments for application in the combustion environments; and (c) residual mechanical properties of the materials after corrosion. The program emphasizes temperatures in the range of 1000-1400°C for ceramic materials and 600-1000°C for metallic alloys. Coal/ash chemistries developed on the basis of thermodynamic/kinetic calculations, together with slags from actual combustors, are used in the program. The materials being evaluated include monolithic silicon carbide from several sources: silicon nitride, silicon carbide in alumina composites, silicon carbide fibers in a silicon carbide-matrix composite, and some advanced nickel-base alloys. The paper presents results from an ongoing program on corrosion performance of candidate ceramic materials exposed to air, salt, and slag environments and their effect on flexural strength and energy absorbed during fracture of these materials.
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D'Silva, Nicholas, Toran Shahi, Øyvind Timian Dokk Husveg, Adith Sanjeeve, Erik Buchholz, and Salil S. Kanhere. "Demystifying Trajectory Recovery from Ash: An Open-Source Evaluation and Enhancement." In 2024 17th International Conference on Security of Information and Networks (SIN). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/sin63213.2024.10871881.
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Vlahović, Milica, Aleksandar Savić, Sanja Martinović, Nataša Đorđević, Zoran Stević, and Tatjana Volkov Husović. "Enhancing properties of concrete by addition of fly ash from a thermal power plant for application in geothermal systems." In 8th International Conference on Renewable Electrical Power Sources. SMEITS, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/mkoiee.020.8.1.77.
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Electric power in Serbia is predominantly provided by thermal power plants. All of eleven existing thermal power plants in Serbia use coal, mainly lignite in the electricity production process thus generating about 6 million tons of fly ash per year. The estimated amount of fly ash from thermal power plants accumulated in Serbian landfills exceeds 200 million tons. On the other hand, during the last decades, respecting the principles of ecologically sustainable development has been imposed on industries, and one of them is the construction industry. Due to the presence of amorphous SiO2 and Al2O3, fly ash as pozzolanic material is convenient for the production of concrete and mortar. Consequently, multiple positive effects can be expected by the proper consumption of fly ash- reducing landfills and improving concrete properties. The idea of this study is to analyze the possibility of recycling fly ash from a thermal power plant by replacing a part of common mineral filler- limestone in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). Properties of conventional SCC with limestone and compositions with different fly ash content were compared. Considering that requirements for SCC should be satisfied and all properties remain or enhance in the case of fly ash addition, this study proved that all designed concretes can be used for structural applications.
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Holubcik, Michal, Jozef Jandacka, Nikola Cajova Kantova, and Robert Cibula. "POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY USE OF WASTE FUELS IN HEAT SOURCES IN HOUSEHOLDS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/4.1/s17.14.
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Various users of small heat sources in household use incorrect solid fuels. This leads to a higher burden on the environment, mainly due to higher production of emissions, but also to various problems during the operation of the heat source. These various complications may arise as a result that these fuels usually have low bulk density, high ash content, low ash melting temperatures, and low calorific values, which lead to combustion problems and often also the emission formation and further environmental burden. This article deals with the emission formation during the combustion of four types of alternative fuels: leaves, lawn clipping and two types of solid non-separable waste. One type contained more plastic (plastic solid non-separable waste). Ash melting temperatures were also observed due to possible deposit formation, slagging, and sintering which can also lead to accidental damage to the heat source the inability to heat the household. The results confirmed that the combustion of fuels not recommended by the manufacturer of the heat source significantly increases the emission formation and causes combustion problems. When using tested fuels, there was detected a higher ash content, a higher concentration of particulate matter, and higher production of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides.
Reports on the topic "Sources of ash"
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.
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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.
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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffrey Roesler, M. Ley, et al. High-volume Fly Ash Concrete for Pavements Findings: Volume 1. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-030.
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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) has improved durability and sustainability properties at a lower cost than conventional concrete, but its early-age properties like strength gain, setting time, and air entrainment can present challenges for application to concrete pavements. This research report helps with the implementation of HVFAC for pavement applications by providing guidelines for HVFAC mix design, testing protocols, and new tools for better quality control of HVFAC properties. Calorimeter tests were performed to evaluate the effects of fly ash sources, cement–fly ash interactions, chemical admixtures, and limestone replacement on the setting times and hydration reaction of HVFAC. To better target the initial air-entraining agent dosage for HVFAC, a calibration curve between air-entraining dosage for achieving 6% air content and fly ash foam index test has been developed. Further, a digital foam index test was developed to make this test more consistent across different labs and operators. For a more rapid prediction of hardened HVFAC properties, such as compressive strength, resistivity, and diffusion coefficient, an oxide-based particle model was developed. An HVFAC field test section was also constructed to demonstrate the implementation of a noncontact ultrasonic device for determining the final set time and ideal time to initiate saw cutting. Additionally, a maturity method was successfully implemented that estimates the in-place compressive strength of HVFAC through wireless thermal sensors. An HVFAC mix design procedure using the tools developed in this project such as the calorimeter test, foam index test, and particle-based model was proposed to assist engineers in implementing HVFAC pavements.
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Lin, Zhijuan, Xing Chen, Long Liu, Zhifeng Li, and Bing Xu. Chemo-Free Treatments in Relapsed and/or Refractory Follicular Lymphoma: A Network Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0111.
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Review question / Objective: FL is the most common indolent B cell lymphoma worldwide and patients with FL always have long term survival. However, advanced FL remains incurable and there is no universal agreement on optimal regimen to manage relapsed FL. Condition being studied: The efficacy of chemo-free regimens, including CD20 antibodies and targeted agents, in relapsed and/or refractory Follicular lymphoma. Information sources: We used the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to search the RCTs met our selection criteria. We also searched clinicalTrials.gov and the international clinical trial registry platform for completed and ongoing trials. In addition, we searched abstracts that published on American Society of Hematology (ASH), The European Hematology Association (EHA) or American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meetings.
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Landwehr, Philipp, Paulius Cebatarauskas, Csaba Rosztoczy, Santeri Röpelinen, and Maddalena Zanrosso. Inverse Methods In Freeform Optics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2023.148.
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Traditional methods in optical design like ray tracing suffer from slow convergence and are not constructive, i.e., each minimal perturbation of input parameters might lead to “chaotic” changes in the output. However, so-called inverse methods can be helpful in designing optical systems of reflectors and lenses. The equations in R2 become ordinary differential equations, while in R3 the equations become partial differential equations. These equations are then used to transform source distributions into target distributions, where the distributions are arbitrary, though assumed to be positive and integrable. In this project, we derive the governing equations and solve them numerically, for the systems presented by our instructor Martijn Anthonissen [Anthonissen et al. 2021]. Additionally, we show how point sources can be derived as a special case of a interval source with di- rected source interval, i.e., with each point in the source interval there is also an associated unit direction vector which could be derived from a system of two interval sources in R2. This way, it is shown that connecting source distributions with target distributions can be classified into two instead of three categories. The resulting description of point sources as a source along an interval with directed rays could potentially be extended to three dimensions, leading to interpretations of point sources as directed sources on convex or star-shaped sets.
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Rahman, Abdur, Mohammad Marufuzzaman, Jason Street, et al. A comprehensive review on wood chip moisture content assessment and prediction. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48220.
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Wood chips are the primary sources of raw materials for numerous industries, including pelleting mills, biorefineries, pulp-and-paper industries, and biomass-based power generation facilities. Unfortunately, when wood chips are utilized as a renewable and environmentally friendly resource, industries are constantly challenged by the consistency of the wood chip qualities (e.g., moisture/ash contents, size distributions) - a historically recognized problem on a global scale. Among other wood chip quality attributes, the moisture content is considered the most pressing one as it directly impacts the energy content, storage stability, and handling properties of the raw and finished products. Therefore, accurate wood chip moisture content prediction can help optimize the drying process and reduce energy consumption. In this review, a survey was conducted on various techniques and models employed for predicting wood chip moisture content. The advantages and limitations of these approaches, as well as their potential applications and future directions were also discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art in wood chip moisture content prediction and to highlight the challenges and opportunities for further research and development in this field.
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Shaver, Mark W., and Donald D. Lanning. Secondary Startup Neutron Sources as a Source of Tritium in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Reactor Coolant System (RCS). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991094.
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Röttig, Annika, and Alexander Steinbüchel. Bacteria as sources of (commercial) lipids. AOCS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lipidlibrary.41495.
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Kennedy, Donald. Advanced Sources and Detectors (ASD): U1a Operational Systems Concepts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1648078.
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Valdes, James R., and Heather Furey. WHOI 260Hz Sound Source - Tuning and Assembly. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27173.
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Sound sources are designed to provide subsea tracking and re‐location of RAFOS floats and other Lagrangian drifters listening at 260Hz. More recently sweeps have been added to support FishChip tracking at 262Hz. These sources must be tuned to the water properties where they are to be deployed as they have a fairly narrow bandwidth. The high‐Q resonator’s bandwidth is about 4Hz. This report documents the tuning, and provides an overview of the sound source assembly.
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Kim, K. J. Transition undulator radiation as bright infrared sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/88790.
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