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Journal articles on the topic 'Sources of bioterrorism financing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 18 July 2025

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Terhakopian, MD, Artin, and David M. Benedek, MD. "Hospital disaster preparedness: Mental and behavioral health interventions for infectious disease outbreaks and bioterrorism incidents." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 2, no. 1 (2007): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2007.0008.

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Background: Despite an increasing reliance on outpatient clinics and other ambulatory care facilities, traditional hospitals play a crucial role in the US healthcare system. They provide emergency services on a walk-in basis and are staffed to address issues related to triage. In an era of heightened concern over bioterrorism and a potential influenza pandemic, hospital preparedness for responding to infectious disease outbreaks is essential. During such outbreaks, mental and behavioral health problems may constitute an important part of the demand placed on hospitals. There is now sufficient clinical experience regarding such problems, and tested recommendations are available for hospitals to implement in disaster planning and practice.Objective: This paper summarizes available liter-ature addressing hospital preparedness for mental and behavioral health interventions in the event of an infectious disease outbreak and identifies the barriers to improvement. Methods: A systematic literature review using the MEDLINE database was carried out. Additional arti-cles were selected from the references of the identified sources, and Web sites of relevant agencies and organizations were searched. Results: The review indicates that little literature documents recent hospital performance in or readiness for disaster mental and behavioral health interventions. The available evidence suggests a poor state of hospital readiness for providing such interventions. The problems related to financing such preparedness are likely contributors to this finding and must be overcome if improvements are to be made. Conclusions: More research is needed to categori-cally examine the preparedness of hospitals for mental and behavioral health interventions during times of disaster.

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Misita, Caron P., Andrea B. Boosinger, and Michael G. Kendrach. "Bioterrorism Web Sites for Pharmacists." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 1 (2003): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c275.

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OBJECTIVE To identify Internet Web sites for ease of accessibility to bioterrorism-related information, comprehensive provision of bioterrorism-related information, and provision of bioterrorism information that specifically pertains to the pharmacy profession. DATA SOURCES Web sites of national pharmacy organizations, US government agencies, and medical organizations, as well as Web sites related to bioterrorism. DATA SYNTHESIS Pharmacists need access to relevant bioterrorism information in a timely manner. An evaluation of Web sites was performed to identify those that include a discussion of the potential infectious microorganisms and prevention and treatment methods, as well as unique features for pharmacy practice. RESULTS The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists and American Pharmaceutical Association Web sites provide pharmacy-specific recommendations. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides biological agent information and health department contact numbers. Additional agent-specific data are provided by the American Medical Association, The Johns Hopkins University, and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Web sites. Information addressing food safety is provided by the FDA. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacy-specific bioterrorism information is available only at selected national pharmacy organization Internet Web sites. However, other Web sites provide comprehensive bioterrorism information useful for pharmacists.

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LISIECKI, Leszek, and Kamil KUCHARSKI. "FINANCING SOURCES AL-QAEDA." National Security Studies 4, no. 1 (2013): 285–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.37055/sbn/129808.

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W artykule przedstawiono cele, przesłanki powstania oraz działalność Al-Kaidy. Dokonano również analizy zdywersyfikowanych źródeł finansowania tej najbardziej znanej na świecie organizacji terrorystycznej. Zaprezentowała ona nowy wymiar terroryzmu, dotyczący zakresu i sposobu działalności, liczby wtajemniczonych oraz spektakularności prowadzonych akcji. Do tej pory żadna organizacja terrorystyczna na świecie nie zastraszyła jednocześnie tak dużej grupy ludzi. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie źródeł finansowania Al-Kaidy.

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V., Petrenko, Karnaushenko A., and Melnykova K. "ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCING." Scientific Bulletin of Kherson State University. Series Economic Sciences, no. 49 (October 31, 2023): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2307-8030/2023-49-9.

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Elyasa, Yaksa. "BIOTERRORISM: THE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS REGULATIONS ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL LAW." Lampung Journal of International Law 3, no. 1 (2021): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v3i1.2103.

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The biological weapon used as a terrorism facility (bioterrorism) could endanger the lives of mankind. Besides its purpose of mass destruction, this weapon has been banned from being used towards the human. Bioterrorism threat at least had occurred in more than 30 countries across the globe. In the 14th century, bioterror incidents recorded in black death plagues in Europe caused more than 50 million deaths and vanished more than 60% of its population back then. Because of the bioweapon impacts, there are concerns if this weapon is under irresponsible parties such as the group of terrorists. Several regulations on the prohibition of biological weapons have been made, such as the Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological [Biological] and Toxin Weapons and Their Destruction 1972 (Biological Weapon Convention 1972). However, it seems that they have not solved using biological weapons as a means of terrorism. The purpose of this paper is to find out how international law arrangements regarding bioterrorism. This research used normative legal research with secondary data sources and literature study techniques.

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Tetrevova, Libena, and Jan Svedik. "MEZZANINE FINANCING INSTRUMENTS IN COMPARISON TO THE CLASSIC FINANCING SOURCES." Business, Management and Education 16 (August 16, 2018): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bme.2018.2205.

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The paper deals with innovated financing in the form of mezzanine financing instruments (sources). The authors aimed to identify, characterize, and assess mezzanine financing instruments in comparison to the classic corporate financing sources. Mezzanine financing represents an innovated form of financing interconnecting the features of equity and debt. The paper specifies the sources and characterizes and assesses pros and cons of each of them. Subsequently, it presents an overall evaluation of mezzanine financing instruments in comparison to the selected equity and debt financing sources. This evaluation was performed on the basis of 14 set criteria using a binary scale.

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Бусыгина, Екатерина. "Alternative financing sources for business." Управленческий учет и финансы 1 (2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36627/2587-8360-2020-1-1-32-38.

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KONTU, ELEONORA. "SOURCES OF SHORT-TERM FINANCING." International Journal of Management Cases 14, no. 2 (2012): 178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5848/apbj.2012.00062.

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Kapinos, R. "Financing Sources of Religious Community." World Economy and International Relations, no. 6 (2005): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2005-6-113-115.

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Korolov, V. O., and Yu O. Korolov. "TERRORISM FINANCING: SOURCES AND METHODS." Juridical scientific and electronic journal, no. 1 (2025): 469–73. https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2025-1/108.

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Verheliuk, Y. "Diversification of investment activity's financial sources in Ukraine." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 31, no. 1 (2019): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2019.1.46.

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The article is devoted to the assessment of financing sources of investment activity in Ukraine from the point of view of their diversification. The emphasis is placed on the importance of financial provision of investment activity. In the context of external and internal sources of financing, the components have been evaluated, namely: self-financing, budget financing, bank lending, financing from foreign investments. In the course of the analysis it was revealed that self-financing dominates in the structure of financing sources of investment activity in Ukraine. The share of other financing sources is rather insignificant, which testifies to their inaccessibility for economic entities. In the course of assessing the dynamics of participation of foreign capital in financing investment activity in Ukraine, a slight increase in the analyzed period was detected, as well as a decrease in the indicator in 2017 due to the influence of a number of negative factors. Foreign investments are mainly directed to export industries or branches with a short production cycle, and a significant proportion of them are made using the technology of "round tripping", which is a negative trend. It was concluded that the uneven participation of funding sources and the concentration of self-financing of investment activity shows low possibilities of diversification of financing. To a greater degree, such a situation with the financing of investment activity is a reflection of the state and opportunities of the economy.

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Dyba, Мykhailo. "Instruments and sources of venture financing." Scientific notes, no. 35 (June 24, 2024): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33111/vz_kneu.35.24.02.03.019.025.

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This article substantiates the essence and role of various venture capital financing instruments for stimulating the development of innovative enterprises. In particular, attention is paid to the evolution of venture capital financing, its essential characteristics and functions. A number of key instruments and sources of venture capital financing are considered, in particular: bootstrapping, venture capital funds, business angels and crowdfunding platforms. The article offers detailed characteristics of each of these sources of financing, pointing out their advantages and disadvantages. In particular, there are prospects for the use of bootstrapping at the initial stage of implementation of an innovative project. Venture capital funds can offer tangible financial support that has the potential to be systematic. Business angels are able to provide support for the implementation of projects with an ultra-high level of risk. Accordingly, entrepreneurs can use various sources of venture capital financing to raise capital at different stages of their business development. In particular, strategies for choosing the optimal source of financing depending on the specific needs and characteristics of the enterprise are discussed. This article is a useful source of information for entrepreneurs seeking to understand and apply venture capital financing for the successful development of their innovative projects.

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Mand, Harvinder Singh, Meenakshi Atri, Amarjit Gill, and Afshin Amiraslany. "The impact of bank financing and internal financing sources on women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship." International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship 10, no. 2 (2018): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijge-07-2017-0041.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of bank financing and internal financing sources on women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Female owners of e-businesses in India were surveyed regarding their perceptions of bank financing, internal financing sources and their motivations for e-entrepreneurship. Findings The findings of this study show that bank financing and internal financing sources positively impact women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship in India. The results show that family status, education, easy access to new business information and location positively impact women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship in India. The findings also show that bank financing has a higher impact on women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship compared with internal financing sources. Research limitations/implications This is a co-relational study that investigated the relationship between bank financing and women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship and the relationship between internal financing sources and women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship. There is not necessarily a causal relationship between the two. The findings of this study may only be generalized to individuals similar to those that were included in this research. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature on the impact of bank financing and internal financing sources on women’s motivation for e-entrepreneurship. The findings may be useful for investment advisors, the Indian Government and entrepreneurship consultants.

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Ahmad, K., A. S. Dil, B. M. Kazi, N. Us Saba, J. Ansari, and K. Nomani. "Pakistan’s experience of a bioterrorism-related anthrax scare." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 10, no. 1-2 (2004): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2004.10.1-2.19.

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From November 2001 to March 2002, the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan, received 230 samples from 194 different sources for analysis for anthrax spores. These samples were taken from letters/packages suspected of containing anthrax and from individuals exposed to them. When cultured on sheep blood agar, 141 samples yielded growth suggestive of Bacillus species. On the basis of growth characteristics, absence of beta-haemolysis, absent or doubtful motility and morphological characters of the isolates on Gram stain, 62 isolates were considered suspicious and were inoculated into guinea-pigs. Inoculated animals remained healthy well beyond the required observation period of 5 days. All the samples were therefore reported as negative for B. anthracis. Systems for h and ling and analysing suspected anthrax-contaminated materials are discussed

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Verheliuk, Yuliia. "USING MARKET SOURCES FOR FINANCING THE STATE BUDGET DEFICIT IN UKRAINE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 24(52) (2022): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2022-24(52)-84-89.

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Adopting a budget with a deficit in the modern world is not considered a negative phenomenon. However, it is imperative to identify sources of funding for such a deficit. In this regard, the use of market sources of financing the state budget deficit is the most optimal. The purpose of the article is to reveal the theoretical provisions and practice of financing the state budget deficit of Ukraine with the help of market sources. The article solves the following tasks: determining the place of financing the budget deficit in the process of equalization using different sources; characterization of existing sources of financing the budget deficit, and establishing criteria for classifying them as "market"; analysis of statistics on the preconditions for the state budget deficit in Ukraine; assessment of the use of market sources of financing the state budget deficit of Ukraine and the consequences of such financing. The existing sources of financing the state budget deficit are considered, among which: deficit financing emission, tax sources, budget sequestration, sale of budget assets, internal state loans, external state loans, free assistance. Market features identify the sources related to the use of debt financing instruments of the budget deficit, namely internal and external government loans. The advantages of using market sources of financing the state budget deficit are determined, namely: non-inflationary nature, efficiency of coverage, possibility to choose the most optimal offers on the market, wide opportunities for diversification, large base of risk reduction mechanisms, high liquidity. An assessment of the market sources use in terms of the state budget deficit financing in Ukraine allowed us to establish that external financing, which carries the greatest burden on the budget, accounts for the majority. In the structure of external financing, the largest share belongs to loans received by Ukraine from international financial institutions. Sold foreign government bonds also account for a large share of external debt. The domestic market for deficit financing is realized through the sale of domestic bonds. The increase in domestic and external debts poses a threat to Ukraine's debt security, which was analyzed using a number of indicators.

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Ayu, Nuradilah, Melani Tria, Epty Hidayaty Dwi, and Pertiwi Hari Sandi Santi. "Pengelolaan Keuangan Pada UMKM Pusaka Keramik Plered." Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 5 (2023): 593–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8034403.

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A business really needs capital or financing, and this capital can come from various sources. The purpose of this study is to determine the various sources of financing. Financial sources are financial sources that can be used to carry out investment activities. Every business or company has its own source of funding. Starting from internal and external estimates. The source of financing has a significant impact on the size and scale of a business, especially for SMEs. The method used in this study is a descriptive method that explains the sources of financing for MSMEs in Gunung Cupu village, namely Ceramic MSMEs based in Anjun village. SMEs with heritage ceramics receive internal sources of financing, ie. and alone.

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Jiang, Juanjuan, Zhiming Li, and Chanyan Lin. "Financing Difficulties of SMEs from Its Financing Sources in China." Journal of Service Science and Management 07, no. 03 (2014): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jssm.2014.73016.

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Manley, PhD, Dawn K., and Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS. "A decision framework for coordinating bioterrorism planning: Lessons from the BioNet program." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 1 (2009): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0007.

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Background: Effective disaster preparedness requires coordination across multiple organizations. This article describes a detailed framework developed through the BioNet program to facilitate coordination of bioterrorism preparedness planning among military and civilian decision makers.Methods: The authors and colleagues conducted a series of semistructured interviews with civilian and military decision makers from public health, emergency management, hazardous material response, law enforcement, and military health in the San Diego area. Decision makers used a software tool that simulated a hypothetical anthrax attack, which allowed them to assess the effects of a variety of response actions (eg, issuing warnings to the public, establishing prophylaxis distribution centers) on performance metrics. From these interviews, the authors characterized the information sources, technologies, plans, and communication channels that would be used for bioterrorism planning and responses. The authors used influence diagram notation to describe the key bioterrorism response decisions, the probabilistic factors affecting these decisions, and the response outcomes.Results: The authors present an overview of the response framework and provide a detailed assessment of two key phases of the decision-making process: (1) pre-event planning and investment and (2) incident characterization and initial responsive measures. The framework enables planners to articulate current conditions; identify gaps in existing policies, technologies, information resources, and relationships with other response organizations; and explore the implications of potential system enhancements.Conclusions: Use of this framework could help decision makers execute a locally coordinated response by identifying the critical cues of a potential bioterrorism event, the information needed to make effective response decisions, and the potential effects of various decision alternatives.

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Ryś, Maciej. "Discovering Sources and Approaches in Financing Hackathons." Financial Internet Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2024): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2024-0026.

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Abstract This study explores the diverse sources and approaches to financing hackathons, aiming to compare financing models for hackathons, emphasizing the influence of event type on various strategies. Employing an ethnographic approach, the research identifies three primary financing strategies-challenge-oriented, community-oriented, and profit-oriented and six key sources, including sponsorships, community contributions, self-funding, grants, investments, and registration fees. The findings reveal that aligning financing with hackathon objectives is essential for the overall performance of the event. Challenge-oriented hackathons require dedicated budgets, community-oriented ones rely on local support, and profit-oriented events must balance financial goals with inclusivity. Sponsorships and partnerships emerge as the most versatile funding method. The study underscores the importance of combining multiple financing sources to ensure resilience and stability. It contributes to the academic understanding of hackathon financing and offers practical insights for organizers, sponsors, participants, and policymakers, aiming to enhance the effectiveness and impact of hackathons in fostering innovation and collaboration.

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Gould, Deborah W., David Walker, and Paula W. Yoon. "The Evolution of BioSense: Lessons Learned and Future Directions." Public Health Reports 132, no. 1_suppl (2017): 7S—11S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033354917706954.

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The BioSense program was launched in 2003 with the aim of establishing a nationwide integrated public health surveillance system for early detection and assessment of potential bioterrorism-related illness. The program has matured over the years from an initial Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–centric program to one focused on building syndromic surveillance capacity at the state and local level. The uses of syndromic surveillance have also evolved from an early focus on alerts for bioterrorism-related illness to situational awareness and response, to various hazardous events and disease outbreaks. Future development of BioSense (now the National Syndromic Surveillance Program) includes, in the short term, a focus on data quality with an emphasis on stability, consistency, and reliability and, in the long term, increased capacity and innovation, new data sources and system functionality, and exploration of emerging technologies and analytics.

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M'Ikanatha, Nkuchia M., Ebbing Lautenbach, Allen R. Kunselman, et al. "Sources of Bioterrorism Information among Emergency Physicians During the 2001 Anthrax Outbreak." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 1, no. 4 (2003): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/153871303771861469.

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Kolaković, Marko, Mladen Turuk, and Ivan Turčić. "Access to Finance – Experiences of SMEs in Croatia." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 22, s1 (2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/zireb-2019-0001.

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Abstract Access to finance for small and medium enterprises still represents one of the biggest problems that entrepreneurs face when launching their business or when they want to enhance their production capacities in other stages of the enterprise life cycle. Entrepreneurs generally use informal sources of financing when starting their business (3F: family, friends and fools) if they do not have other available sources of financing. There is a common classification in the literature that divides the sources of financing to: informal investors, debt financing, equity financing, government support programs and the entrepreneurs’ own sources. The purpose of the survey conducted for this paper is to determine the sources of used finance of Croatian SMEs and the main problems that SMEs encountered while accessing finance. The second main goal of this article is to identify future needs for financing with potential financing problems that may occur. We gathered data from Croatian SMEs about the sources of funding used over the past three years and about the funding sources that they intend to use in the next three years. In last part of the paper we analyze the results from the survey and from that draw the implications for policy makers and market participants.

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Romandoni, Ilham Yahya, Sulistyorini Sulistyorini, and Chusnul Chotimah. "Manajemen Strategi Pembiayaan Dalam Organisasi Sekolah." Al-Idaroh: Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 8, no. 1 (2024): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54437/alidaroh.v8i1.1381.

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Research on Financing Strategy Management in School Organizations is motivated by the need for a strategy in managing school financing based on operational needs that have been designed. This research uses research methodslibrary research. With a descriptive qualitative approach. The data analysis technique was carried out using descriptive analysis. The data sources for this research come from scientific articles and books. The results of this research show that the strategy for managing school organization finances starts from planning, bookkeeping, spending, supervision and financial accountability, where the financial sources come from the APBN, APBD, parents and other sources. In managing financing, it must be based on the school's operational needs which include financing all activities, financing books, financing exams, financing consumables and school maintenance.

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Mwathi, Joseph, and Dr James M. Karanja. "THE EFFECT OF FINANCING SOURCES ON REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA." International Journal of Finance and Accounting 2, no. 2 (2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijfa.297.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the sources of financing real estate in Kenya. In specific terms the study reviewed whether financing in the real estate originates from; mortgage financing, savings, venture capital and equity financing.Materials and methods: This study employed descriptive survey design. The population of this study was all the real estate firms in Nairobi. This study used secondary data for five years. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results were presented in frequency tables and charts. The data was then analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics like frequencies, means and percentages.Results: The findings indicated that mortgage financing is the most used source of financing, with equity and venture capital being the least source of financing used. The findings also indicated that there is a significantly positive relationship between mortgage financing and real estate development.Recommendations: The study recommended that to increase use of equity and venture capital as a source of financing will require businesses to sell their ideas to people who have money to invest. Equity and venture capital financing can be a good source of financing but with combining them with other sources of financing. Further research should be on the effects of sources of financing in unsuitable economic conditions, political instability and a global economic crisis and internal and external factors that affect the decision on sources of financing for real estate firms in Kenya.

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Appah, Ebimobowei, Sekeme Felix Tebepah,, and Emmanuel Odinakachi Eburunobi,. "Green Banking Practices and Green Financing of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria." British Journal of Multidisciplinary and Advanced Studies 5, no. 1 (2024): 41–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/bjmas.2022.0394.

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This study examined the nexus between green banking practices and green financing sources of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study anchored on the institutional theory and cross sectional survey research design was adopted with a population consisting of listed banks in Nigeria. The study used stratified random sampling of seven hundred and fifty (750) bank employees with questionnaire as the primary source of data collection from the respondents while only five hundred (500) were used for data analysis using univairate, bivariate and multivariate methods of data analysis. The results from the regression analysis disclosed that banks’ employee-related practices of green banking positively and significantly influence sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria; banks’ daily operations-related practices of green banking positively and significantly affect sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria; banks’ customers-related practices of green banking positively but significantly influence sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria; banks’ policy-related practices of green banking positively and significantly influence sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria and banks’ green investment related practices of green banking positively and significantly impact on sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Consequently, on the basis of the findings the study concluded that green banking practices positively influences the sources of green financing of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends amongst others that banks’ in Nigeria should adopt contemporary banking practices that are ecofriendly as a means of enhancing the sources of green financing in Nigeria.

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Linet, Nyanchama Arisa, and Gwatidzo Tendai. "Formal Versus Informal Finance: Evidence from Selected African Firms." Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Studies 5, no. 05 (2022): 1213–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6534333.

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One important factor in firm growth and performance is the availability of financing. Firm financing sources can be either formal or informal. Formal financing sources comprise those institutions regulated both by the government and the central bank, while the informal markets operate beyond the regulatory framework on the financial system. Using the World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset for 13 African countries, this study employs the Relative Distribution methods by Handcock and Morris (1998) and Recentered Influence Function techniques by Firpo et al. (2009), to evaluate whether there exists a growth differential among firms that source their working capital through formal finance relative to those using informal financing sources, and investigate which financing source is more growth enhancing. The study finds formal financing sources to be more growth enhancing than informal financing. The growth differential is however different at different levels of labor productivity and sales growth outcome distributions. It is therefore advisable for the stakeholders to target financing to the right segment of firms, to ensure growth is sustained.

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Eniola, Anthony Abiodun. "The Entrepreneur Motivation and Financing Sources." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1 (2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010025.

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The paper is to examine the influence of business innovation, business expansion, product and service development, working capital, and machinery and equipment requirement on financing choices in the western part of Nigeria. To determine the effect on financing choices, a logistic regression analysis was used. The results, in an impressive manner, indicate that entrepreneurs, essentially with working capital (WC), machinery and equipment (ME) requirements, and business innovation (BI), use internal funding sources, while business expansion (BE) and product and service (PS) development lean toward external funding sources, and more established and larger firms utilize debt financing. The approach and experiential findings offer an unprecedented degree of investigation of previous studies of Nigerian entrepreneurs. Similarly, the experimental results will strengthen entrepreneurs’ knowledge, awareness, and perception. Through their own capabilities, entrepreneurs can prepare and adapt in accordance with the business conditions in which they conduct business, and this work may help them in their choice procedure regarding the capital structure of their organization in the midst of a period when the question of entrepreneur funding is gradually emerging in the Nigerian climate.

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Cegielska, Edyta, and Danuta Zawadzka. "Sources of Startup Financing in Poland." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H, Oeconomia 51, no. 6 (2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/h.2017.51.6.53.

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Mikucki, Maciej, and Emilia Piotrowska. "Healthcare Financing Sources in Central Europe." Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues 2/2020, no. 88 (2020): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.89.2.

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Purpose: The objective of the paper is to review historical developments and the current setup of healthcare financing models in Central Europe. Methodology: A systematic narrative approach has been taken with the research emphasis on a critical literature review and analyses of healthcare spending statistical data. Findings: A comparison between different models currently in place seems to suggest the existence of patterns leading to improved quality of the healthcare service proposition that is critically impacted by a financing model. Implications: The findings have practical implications since different results have been achieved in countries choosing different models but starting from practically the same point. That realisation should serve as a foundation for further work on this subject, potentially leading to adjustments to financing models chosen by some countries. Value: The paper offers a comparative analysis of the healthcare system financing evolution in four Central European Countries and an overview of their current state.

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Surówka, Marcin. "SOURCES OF HOUSING FINANCING IN POLAND." Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, no. 485 (2017): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/pn.2017.485.35.

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Namitulina, Anzhela Zakhitovna, Mikhail Nikolaevich Prokofiev, and Nikolay Viktorovich Vorovsky. "SOURCES OF FINANCING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ENTERPRISES." MIR [World] (Modernization Innovation Research) 7, no. 2(26) (2016): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2016.7.2.125.131.

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Heidor, A., and Т. Bizbiz. "SOURCES OF FINANCING STARTUP IN UKRAINE." Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2020.1.73.

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Niklewicz, Łukasz. "Sources of startup financing in Germany." Europa Regionum 37 (2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/er.2018.37-04.

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Aimurzina, Baglan, Mazken Kamenova, Ainura Omarova, Gulmira Bodaubayeva, Asel Dzhunusova, and Gulmira Kabdullina. "Major sources of financing investment projects." Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 7, no. 2 (2019): 1555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(53).

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Maxwell, Steve. "Financing Sources for Your Water Business." Journal - American Water Works Association 107, no. 7 (2015): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5942/jawwa.2015.107.0107.

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Graham, Steve, and Duane Anderson. "Sources of Financing for Community Colleges." Community College Review 13, no. 1 (1985): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009155218501300109.

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Kozarezenko, L. V. "ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FINANCING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT." Krasnoyarsk Science, no. 4 (September 17, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2070-7568-2014-4-6.

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Rybkina, Elena Alexandrovna, Olga Vladimirovna Demyanova, and Julia Vladimirovna Babanova. "Sources of Financing High-Tech Projects." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 6 (2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n6p177.

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This article is aimed at considering current sources of financing for high-tech projects. In the article, statistical data confirm the orientation of developed and developing countries' economies towards the generation of high-tech products by the dynamics of added value in high-tech and medium-high-tech industries, respectively - support for high-tech manufacturing enterprises and industries as a whole. Lists of high and medium-high-tech adopted sectors in the Russian Federation, in the United States, and in European nations, and a list of critical technologies are given. Special attention is given to the essence of the high-tech projects, concept, through the implementation of a rise in the share of high-tech products. The article identifies the main characteristics that distinguish a high-tech project from an innovative one. The dynamics of value-added in high-tech and medium-high-tech sectors of the economies of developing and developed countries are studied in conjunction with R & D spending in high-tech sectors of these countries. On the example of the United States (the global leader in the high-tech industry), the structure of financing high-tech projects carried out by companies at the expense of internal financing, that is, own funds is investigated. Based on the Russian Federation, the volumes of attracted cash in the form of grants and the amount of borrowed cash in the form of a subsidy for the implementation of high-tech projects in dynamics for 2012-2018 are investigated.

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I, V. "Sources of the Financing of Education." Russian Education & Society 38, no. 1 (1996): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/res1060-9393380153.

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Novitskaya, Anastasia, and Murad Alimuradov. "Strategic Sources of Financing Company Operations." Strategizing: Theory and Practice 3, no. 1 (2023): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2782-2435-2023-3-1-97-107.

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The modern economy is constantly looking for optimal financial sources that provide sustainability and efficiency in the strategic perspective. Their effectiveness affects the financial performance and competitiveness of companies. An effective financing strategy gives the company a serious strategic advantage. Potential sources should be tested for feasibility. To implement strategic priorities in strategizing, companies should carry out a constant financial assessment of attracted financial resources and combine various mechanisms for financing their operations. The article offers a tool for assessing potential sources as part of the company’s strategic priorities and describes the impact of the correct choice of financial sources on the overall corporate strategy.

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Бурмистрова, Л. А., and Е. А. Евреинова. "Diversification of the organization's financing process." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 11(124) (December 23, 2020): 832–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2020.124.11.162.

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В статье рассматриваются основные подходы к диверсификации внешних источников финансирования. Приводится перечень основных групп внешних источников финансирования деятельности организации. Анализируются вопросы организации финансирования организации, группы внешних источников финансирования деятельности, достоинства и недостатки различных источников. Приводятся направления их использования. The article discusses the main approaches to the diversification of external sources of financing. A list of the main groups of external sources of financing for the organization's activities is provided. The questions of organization of financing of the organization, groups of external sources of financing of activity, advantages and disadvantages of various sources are analyzed. The directions of their use are given.

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Alazmi, Meznah Saad, and Huda Salem Al-Kubaisi. "School principals’ perceptions on the diversification of school financing sources: A study using Delphi method." Management in Education 34, no. 3 (2020): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892020619897372.

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The study aims to identify the perceptions of the principals of public schools in Kuwait regarding the importance of diversifying the sources of school financing, the actual measures taken to increase the sources of school financing and the obstacles in the way of increasing the sources of school financing. The study uses the futures studies’ methodology through implementing Delphi method to achieve the objectives of the study. The implementation of Delphi technique is conducted in four consecutive rounds on a sample of experts in the study area consisting of 25 distinguished school principals in the educational areas, during the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which are: (1) school principals are convinced of the need to diversify school financing sources and increase its sources in light of the high prices and limited budget granted by the government for this purpose; (2) there are specific measures for increasing the support for school financing, the most important of which is to urge parents and society institutions to donate to schools in order to help fill the budget shortfall; (3) there are obstacles which face the attempts to increase the sources of school financing which are legal, regulatory and community partnership-based obstacles. The study came up with several recommendations that would contribute to diversifying school financing sources.

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Nurhidayati, Indah, and Sulistyowati. "Manajemen Pembiayaan Sekolah dalam Menambah Sumber Pembiayaan Pendidikan Melalui Wirausaha di Sekolah Dasar Muhammadiyah Bekonang." Dirasah : Jurnal Studi Ilmu dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 7, no. 1 (2024): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.58401/dirasah.v7i1.1078.

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The purpose of this study is to know; 1) School Financing Management in increasing sources of education financing through entrepreneurship in Muhammadiyah Bekonang Elementary Schools in 2023 (2) the Results of the strategy to increase sources of education financing through entrepreneurship in Muhammadiyah Bekonang Elementary Schools in 2023. This study used a descriptive qualitative research method. The research was conducted at Muhammadiyah Bekonang Elementary School, in July-August 2023. Subject of study: Principal. Informants: (1) employees (2) committees (3) guardians (4) students. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. The technique of checking the validity of data uses triangulation with sources. Data analysis techniques using interactive methods include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions. The results of this study; 1) School Financing Management in increasing sources of education financing through entrepreneurship in Muhammadiyah Bekonang Elementary Schools (SD) in 2023 is carried out through: a) Planning for the empowerment of existing resources, namely traders, teachers and employees as managers of entrepreneurs under school management. b) The implementation of the strategy of increasing sources of education financing through entrepreneurship is carried out under school management where sellers are officers and catering suppliers, Teachers and employees as officers and suppliers of healthy canteens, and event organizers targeting other school teachers and the community. c) Evaluation of strategies to increase sources of education financing through entrepreneurship, namely improving communication with parents regarding the order of catering payments, controlling the nominal number of student snacks, and planning event organizers more mature and administrative.2) The results of the strategy to increase sources of education financing through entrepreneurship can increase sources of education financing, especially from catering entrepreneurs, provide healthy consumption for the school community, and improve the quality of schools.

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Brandeau, PhD, Margaret L., Gregory S. Zaric, PhD, Johannes Freiesleben, PhD, Frances L. Edwards, PhD, and Dena M. Bravata, MD, MS. "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure: Improving communication to reduce mortality during bioterrorism responses." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 3, no. 2 (2008): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2008.0010.

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Objective: To identify communication needs and evaluate the effectiveness of alternative communication strategies for bioterrorism responses.Methods: We provide a framework for evaluating communication needs during a bioterrorism response. Then, using a simulation model of a hypothetical response to anthrax bioterrorism in a large metropolitan area, we evaluate the costs and benefits of alternative strategies for communication during a response.Results: Expected mortality increases significantly with increases in the time for attack detection and announcement; decreases in the rate at which exposed individuals seek and receive prophylaxis; increases in the number of unexposed people seeking prophylaxis; and increases in workload imbalances at dispensing centers. Thus, the timeliness, accuracy, and precision of communications about the mechanisms of exposure and instructions for obtaining prophylaxis and treatment are critical. Investment in strategies that improve adherence to prophylaxis is likely to be highly cost effective, even if the improvement in adherence is modest, and even if such strategies reduce the prophylaxis dispensing rate.Conclusions: Communication during the response to a bioterror attack must involve the right information delivered at the appropriate time in an effective manner from trusted sources. Because the response system for bioterror communication is only fully operationalized once an attack has occurred, tabletop planning and simulation exercises, and other up-front investments in the design of an effective communication strategy, are critical for effective response planning.

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Gill, Amarjit, Harvinder S. Mand, John D. Obradovich, and Neil Mathur. "Factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing for Indian agribusiness firms." Corporate Ownership and Control 13, no. 1 (2015): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv13i1c4p2.

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Majority of the Indian farmers are financially constrained and pay very high interest rate to private moneylenders who has a negative impact on the survivability and growth of agribusiness firms. Because of less strict debt financing requirements farmers become prey to predatory lenders from private lending institutions that are not controlled by the central bank and may not behave in an ethical way. The study investigates factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing by taking a sample of Indian agribusiness firms. Owners of agribusiness firms were interviewed through personal visits and telephone calls regarding the factors affecting ethical sources of external debt financing. The findings show that several factors affect ethical sources of external debt financing for agribusiness firms in India. This study contributes to the literature on the factors that affect ethical sources of external debt financing. This study also provides recommendations to improve access to ethical sources of external debt financing. The findings may be useful for agribusiness owners (farmers), financial managers, investors, agribusiness management consultants, entrepreneurs, and other stakeholders.

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Razzakov, Jasur. "CLASSIFICATION OF BUSINESS FINANCING SOURCES AND THEIR FEATURES." Economics and education 24, no. 4 (2023): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.55439/eced/vol24_iss4/a20.

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In this article, the researches of a number of foreign and domestic researchers have been studied in the study of the classification of business financing sources and their features. The classification of business financing sources is reflected and the advantages and disadvantages of business financing through retained earnings, preferred stocks and leasing are described in detail. Relevant conclusions and recommendations are formed based on the conducted research.

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Wuryandoko, Santoso, Sri Purwati, Sugiyarto Sugiyarto, and Nurkolis Nurkolis. "Strategy For Fulfilling Resources and Managing Education Financing in Primary Schools." Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan 38, no. 1 (2024): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/pip.381.9.

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One of the important problems in educational development in almost every country in the world is education financing. Education financing is an activity related to obtaining the funds received and how these funds are used to finance all educational programs that have been determined. This research aims to determine the sources of education financing and how elementary school education financing is managed in Blora Regency. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The research was conducted in three elementary schools in Blora Regency. The data collection method in this research was carried out in three ways, namely: interviews, observation, and documentation. The research results are: (1) Fulfillment of funding sources for primary school education in Blora Regency comes from three main sources, namely: central government, regional government, and the community; (2) Management of primary school education financing in Blora Regency has been carried out in three stages, namely: planning education financing, implementing education financing and evaluating education financing.

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Melati, Leni Tria, Timbul Siahaan, and I. Nengah Putra Apriyanto. "Biodefense Against Abrin and Ricin as Bioterrorism Agents (A Virtual Screening of Indonesian Plant Medicinal Properties)." Defense and Security Studies 3 (December 21, 2022): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/dss.v3.id217.

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Because of their high lethality and easy way to produce, abrin and ricin are often used as bioweapons. Sources of raw materials for the abrin and ricin manufacture can be found in various regions, especially in tropical countries. Those make abrin and ricin have a greater chance to be used as bioterrorism agents. Furthermore, abrin and ricin have been classified as class B types of bioweapons used in bioterrorism. In this study, a virtual screening (a bioinformatics method) will be carried out on 100 compounds derived from Indonesian Plants. Thus it can be known, the compounds that have the potential to be used as biodefense agents against abrin and ricin. Finally, it is found that there are five compounds that have the best possibility as abrin inhibitors: procyanidin B4, ursolic acid, Corilagin, Vulgarin, and Gliberelic Acid. Whereas lanuginosine, xylonine, isovitexin, liriodenine, and procyanidin were found to have more potential as biodefense agents against ricin.

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Татар, Марина, and Валерія Забуранна. "MECHANISMS OF THE BUSINESS ENTITIES INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT FINANCING IN THE FACE OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES." Сталий розвиток економіки, no. 1(48) (February 2, 2024): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2308-1988/2024-48-10.

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Strengths and weaknesses of the innovative development of Ukraine are identified. Possible sources of Ukrainian enterprises innovative development funding were analyzed and factors influencing the financing of the business entities’ innovative development were identified. The advantages and disadvantages of financing sources of innovative development are determined. The analysis of statistical data showed that the main source of financing innovations in the industry in Ukraine is the company's own funds. Mechanisms and tools for mobilizing financial resources for financing the innovative development of economic entities have been systematized. The results of modeling the impact of sources of financing on GDP and the volume of products sold by enterprises demonstrated the greater importance of financing enterprises at the expense of state budget funds for increasing the effectiveness of innovative activities.

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