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Skovbjerg, Hansen Jonas. "Global sourcing i et samlende perspektiv = Global sourcing in an integrative perspective /." Aarhus : Institut for Økonomi, Aarhus Universitet, 2009. http://mit.econ.au.dk/Library/Specialer/2009/20030896.pdf.
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Li, Chuen-Yueh. "Global sourcing in innovation." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1619148901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Mohamad, Marini Nurbanum Binti. "Global sourcing practices : a framework to improve sourcing strategy implementation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4582.
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The aim of the research reported in this thesis is to gain understanding of global sourcing practices of companies in the UK and to develop a framework to improve sourcing strategy implementation. This research was conducted by carrying out literature review, analysis of case studies through semi-structured interviews, analysis of an online-based survey, development of a global sourcing framework, feedback process and finally the refinement of the framework. The global sourcing practices, in terms of eight critical success factors, which were identified through literature, was investigated through case studies. This research also provides insights into how critical certain factors are to the effectiveness of the company‟s sourcing strategy and how broadly were those factors actually implemented. The gaps between the perceived importance of global sourcing practices and the actual implementation were explored through survey. The information gathered from the literature, case studies and survey provided the input to develop a global sourcing framework. As more and more studies create awareness of the critical success factors that are important for implementing a global sourcing strategy, there is a need for a framework to be developed to help a company identify areas where they can improve in terms of implementation of the sourcing strategy. The global sourcing framework was developed to assess the current sourcing level of companies, providing guidance for companies to identify the areas for improvement in their approach to global sourcing and helping companies determine where they need to be in terms of the global sourcing strategy and having it aligned with their corporate strategy. The framework has been validated and found to be feasible, usable and useful to improve a company‟s sourcing strategy.
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Trautmann, Gerhard. "Global sourcing : an analysis of the implications for organization design /." Wiesbaden : Gabler, 2008. http://d-nb.info/989642135/04.
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Rabaça, João Luís Nolasco Pires. "Global sourcing: pequenas e médias empresas portuguesas globais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3627.
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Mestrado em Gestão<br>Existem poucos estudos relativos ao processo de global sourcing nas pequenas e médias
empresas e, em conformidade, em Portugal este fenómeno tem passado algo
despercebido. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo explora o desenvolvimento do
processo de global sourcing através de um caso de estudo de uma pequena e média
empresa Portuguesa do sector metalomecânico. Os três grandes temas de pesquisa no
campo do fenómeno de global sourcing – processos e etapas de globalização,
motivações, e design e gestão organizacional – são revistos também neste trabalho e,
nesse seguimento, propostos os seguintes objectivos de pesquisa: (1) Será que o
desenvolvimento das operações de global sourcing da empresa têm evoluído
progressivamente de acordo com um processo linear e gradual?; (2) O desenvolvimento
do processo de global sourcing da empresa tem na sua natureza uma gestão mais
proactiva ou mais reactiva?; (3) Quais as motivações e obstáculos que estão na origem
das operações de sourcing da empresa e que vantagens resultam desse processo?. São
também apresentadas neste trabalho as principais conclusões de um estudo do Instituto
Nacional de Estatística relativas às práticas de global sourcing de 1.000 empresas do
nosso País com mais de 100 trabalhadores.<br>There are few studies about the global sourcing process in small and medium
enterprises and in Portugal this phenomenon has received a relative lack of attention.
This study explores the development in the global sourcing process through a case
study of a Portuguese small and medium enterprise of the metalo-mechanical sector.
The three major themes of research in the field of global sourcing phenomenon are
reviewed in this paper – globalization processes and stages, motives/drivers, and design
and organizational management – and it are proposed the following research objectives
are set: (1) Has the development of company global sourcing operations have been
progressively developing accordingly to a linear and gradual process?, (2) Has the
development of the company global sourcing process has a more proactive or more
reactive approach?, (3) What are the motivations and barriers of the company sourcing
operations and which benefits result from this process?. Are also presented in this paper
the main findings from a study of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística relating to 1.000
Portuguese enterprises with more than 100 workers and their global sourcing practices.
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Kalcher, Heinz. "Paradigmenwechsel im Global Sourcing von Getriebekomponenten." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2018. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/25904/.
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The paradigm shift in global sourcing of transmission components is achieved by developing a part-classification methodology based on a new model of core-competence analysis. The result is shaped by the empirical data analysis of the core-competence and cost-structure analysis. This paradigm shift is defined by a move from local sourcing of the European automotive industry to global sourcing, shaped by modern management philosophies, at the beginning of the new millennium, and then back to "Local for Local" sourcing, due to bad experiences with the quality performance of low cost country suppliers. The latter leads to massively untapped potential, through an intensive analysis of potential global sourcing-capable commodities. The goal is to create a portfolio of optimal global-sourcing-capable components, thus responding to the precarious changes in market structures throughout the industry in global purchasing in recent years. However, no overarching, general, commodity-independent rules can be established; rather, a deep analysis of cost structures and technological requirements is required. This initial situation requires that the structures of the most important commodities be examined in detail using a core competence and cost-structure analysis to develop optimal sourcing strategies for these commodities and derive an optimal and strategically-oriented purchasing organisation from them, in order to contribute to a significant improvement in the Group's earnings. With regard to the scope, it should be noted that this method is generally suitable for purchased parts in the automotive industry, but the basic data comes from tier 1 transmission suppliers or OEMs with their own transmission production. The basic methodology as well as the method developed here is widely applicable. However, the definition of the individual and relevant parameters is primarily characterised by specific data for transmission components and the underlying manufacturing processes.
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Cao, Yu. "Long-distance procurement planning in global sourcing." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0015/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’optimisation de l’approvisionnement dans les zones géographiquement lointaines. Au moment de planifier des approvisionnements de matières premières ou de composants dans des pays lointains, la longue distance géographique entre l’acheteur et le fournisseur devient un enjeu essentiel à prendre en compte. Puisque le transport se fait souvent par la voie maritime, le délai d’approvisionnement est si long que les besoins peuvent évoluer pendant la longue période de livraison, ce qui peut engendrer un risque de rupture élevé. Cette thèse présente des approches adaptatives afin d’élaborer des plans d’approvisionnements lointains d’une manière rentable. Tout d’abord, nous proposons un cadre d’adaptation de la planification des approvisionnements lointains. Il déploie des techniques de prévision de la demande et des méthodes d’optimisation d’approvisionnements à horizon glissant. En utilisant ce cadre, nous transformons le problème de la planification sur l’horizon globale en plusieurs problèmes standards de lotissement avec demandes stochastiques sur des sous-horizons. Ce cadre permet aussi d’évaluer la performance sur une longue période des méthodes utilisées. Nous considérons ensuite la planification optimale d’approvisionnement sur les sous-horizons. Deux hypothèses de ruptures de stocks sont considérées: livraison tardive et vente perdue (ou sous-traitance). Nous développons des approches optimales ou quasi-optimales pour faire des plans d’approvisionnement tout en minimisant les coûts totaux prévus de commande, de stockage et de rupture sur les sous-horizons. Les méthodes proposées peuvent servir de repères pour évaluer d’autres méthodes. Pour chaque hypothèse, nous menons des expériences numériques pour évaluer les algorithmes développés et les approches adaptatives de planification globales. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent bien leur efficacité<br>This research discusses procurement planning problems engaged in global sourcing. The main difficulty is caused by the geographically long distance between buyer and supplier, which results in long lead times when maritime transport is used. Customer demands of finished products usually evolve during the shipment, thus extra costs will be produced due to unpredictable overstocks or stockouts. This thesis presents adaptive planning approaches to make adequate long-distance procurement plans in a cost-efficient manner. Firstly, an adaptive procurement planning framework is presented. The framework deploys demand forecasting and optimal planning in a rolling horizon scheme. In each subhorizon, demands are assumed to follow some known distribution patterns, while the distribution parameters will be estimated based on up-to-date demand forecasts and forecast accuracy. Then a portable processing module is presented to transform the sub-horizon planning problem into an equivalent standard lot-sizing problem with stochastic demands.Secondly, optimal or near-optimal procurement planning methods are developed to minimize expected total costs including setup, inventory holding and stockout penalty in subhorizons. Two extreme stockout assumptions are considered: backorder and lost sale (or outsourcing). The proposed methods can serve as benchmarks to evaluate other methods. Numerical tests have validated the high efficiency and effectiveness of both sub-horizon planning methods and the overall adaptive planning approaches
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Heath, Michael Lindsey. "Quality control improvement in global apparel sourcing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104309.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Thesis: S.M. in Engineering Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-50).<br>This project addressed challenges within the quality management process of one of the operating groups of Li & Fung. The primary goals were improved product quality and reduced quality control costs. The operating group works with thousands of factories across the world, producing a large variety of apparel and textile products. The industry trend of fast fashion, with small order sizes and shorter lead times, has placed considerable burden on the limited quality control resources. Understanding the current state of the quality management process was the first project step, and this was accomplished through factory visits and interviewing workers. The current inspection process was designed for large orders and performs sub-optimally with smaller orders. Second, the project took a broad view of the supplier base, performing statistical analysis of inspection and factory data. This revealed problems with the process that lead to high inspection costs and inaccurate inspection results. Next, the project identified technological solutions and process improvements to address the root causes of these issues and to increase the accuracy and efficiency of inspectors. Three specific technology solutions were developed: measurement digitization, label scanners, and improved management metrics. Each solution was prototyped and the critical functionality was tested to demonstrate the value of implementation. Business analysis of the solutions revealed time savings of 60,000 inspector hours/year and cost savings of more than $1 million. At the conclusion of the project, integration of the solutions within the current inspection mobile app was ongoing and expected to be rolled out across the quality organization in the first half of 2016. Finally, recommendations beyond the scope of the technology solutions are provided for further improvement of the quality management process.<br>by Michael Lindsey Heath.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M. in Engineering Systems
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Vasovski, Steven. "A global sourcing strategy for durable tooling." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37941.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2006.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 81).<br>Competitive pressures in manufacturing industries have led to an increased utilization of strategic sourcing initiatives: among them is low cost sourcing. While low cost sourcing has been used extensively for direct materials, the penetration of low cost sourcing in indirect materials is small. This thesis develops a global sourcing strategy for durable tooling and a methodology to help firms determine the best sourcing alternative for indirect materials. A low cost sourcing study done at Carrier compares the landed cost and quality of sheet metal stamping dies sourced from both China and the U.S. The study estimates that there is an opportunity to save 25-50% from low cost sourcing without compromising quality. The sourcing strategy presents a framework for: 1) determining whether to source durable tooling locally, regionally or globally, and 2) for comparing the return (using total cost of ownership) and risk (country/regional) of sourcing alternatives. The primary deliverable of this research is a standard work process which integrates the durable tooling sourcing strategy into Carrier's current product development process. The product development process manages a product's lifecycle from concept to launch.<br>(cont.) The secondary deliverables, which are necessary to execute the durable tooling sourcing strategy, are: 1) sourcing decision matrix, 2) preferred tooling supplier database, 3) country selection framework, 4) lifecycle cost calculator, and 5) balanced tooling supplier scorecard. The research leading to the development of the described sourcing strategy was conducted jointly between the MIT Leaders for Manufacturing Program and Carrier Corporation, a division of United Technologies.<br>by Steven Vasovski.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Mroczkowski, Victor A. (Victor Adam). "Integrated decision support model for global sourcing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44307.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-109).<br>Over the last decade, the U.S. aircraft industry has experienced increasing levels of international integration as companies seek to access global talent and resources, cut production costs, spread financial risk, and secure access to airplane markets throughout the world. In an increasingly complex environment, decision makers seek an effective framework to evaluate the true benefits, costs and risks of sourcing alternatives-both relating to the short-term effects of selecting particular suppliers or groups of suppliers, as well as the long-term effects of redrawing their firm boundary and developing a more vertically disintegrated supply chain. This thesis is an examination of strategic sourcing decision practices at Boeing Commercial Airplanes, based on a six-month internship study with the Future Airplane Production group in Seattle, Washington. In this thesis we will discuss the application of strategic analysis, lean operational analysis, managerial accounting, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to improve existing sourcing analysis practices. An integrated decision support model is introduced to represent key sourcing decision factors, their relative importance, and the expected benefits, costs and risks to stakeholders related to each factor (comparing two sourcing alternatives). Using a weighted average, the model expressly indicates the relative value of each alternative. The model is applied to two case studies involving local insourcing and offshore outsourcing, respectively. This study demonstrates the need for incorporating explicit valuation of 'softer' strategic, operational and risk components along with the 'hard' financial analysis when making sourcing decisions.<br>by Victor A. Mroczkowski.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Garg, Ashwajeet. "Assessing the value of agent certification in global sourcing an exploratory study in apparel sourcing /." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092002-144057/.
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The purpose of this research has been to explore the role of agent certification in the process of global sourcing. While some research has been done in the area of exporter-intermediary relationship, little has been done to study the importance of buyer-agent relationship and how the process of agent certification could strengthen that relationship. Global sourcing has played a vital role in the existence of textile and apparel industries across the world. With the increased advancement of developing countries and the numerous advantages that these countries possess, developed countries, such as the United States and countries in the European sub-continent, rely heavily on global sourcing to remain competitive in the global marketplace. Due to numerous barriers to global sourcing such as language barriers and inability to check sources, companies have found it useful to source through agents. These agents act as the facilitators between the sources and the buyers. With the advent of Internet and e-commerce, online sourcing has come into picture. Although the transparency in terms of sources and buyers on the web and their processes has increased and organizations are thinking of certifying sources, the role of agents' sill exists. A total of 30 agents and apparel-manufacturing buyers were interviewed to assess the feasibility and role of agent certification in the global sourcing process. While the specific items to be certified were not confirmed, both types of subjects agreed that agent certification would assist in the transactions in the buyer-agent relationship. It was found that small and medium-sized buyers would find agent certification more useful than large-sized buyers because of small-size buyers' limited resources and potential to find trusted agents.
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Kleemann, Florian C. "Global-Sourcing : allgemeine Grundlagen, internationales Beschaffungscontrolling, Spend-Management /." Saarbrücken : VDM, Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2847186&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Tepe, Anika. "Die Wahl der Einkaufsmärkte : wichtige Aspekte aus der Sicht eines global aufgestellten Unternehmens /." Saarbrücken : VDM, Müller, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2926218&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Frykman, Järlefelt Johan, and Emil Svensk. "Sourcing Globally in a Locked World - : A qualitative study of the Covid-19 Pandemic Effects on Swedish LSEs Global Sourcing Operations." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105030.
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Global sourcing has made it possible for companies to purchase components from suppliers all over the world. The intention nowadays is to find the best quality at the most competitive price, distance is not as important in today’s society. Sourcing globally is natural to many companies today and has increased in recent years. This global and open-world changed when Covid-19 erupted and the world declared a pandemic situation. Cities in China decided to implement a lockdown to reduce the infection. Covid-19 has affected global sourcing operations and made it hard to receive deliveries in time. The thesis highlights different theories within global sourcing, how to ensure approved quality, and theories about digitalization/globalization. Other theories that are included in the thesis are theories about relationship management and international purchasing offices. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze what effects Covid-19 has had on these theories. Further, the thesis is a qualitative research conducted through interviews. The empirical findings discuss similarities and differences from the analysis chapter. This chapter is crucial to answering our research questions. Further, the conclusion chapter demonstrates the findings of the thesis. A conclusion is that traditional quality assurance theories are applicable also when visitations at suppliers are not possible. Lastly, global sourcing departments have had to adapt to the new situation with the pandemic.
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Can, Özberk Bahattin, Fatih Güler, and Ata Erkin Umur. "Global Sourcing Strategies and CSR Implementation in Airline Industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20790.
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Global sourcing strategies are becoming important with respect to more globalized world and changing global market. Nowadays, profitability is more complex subject for companies. Moreover, if we come through the airline companies, it will be more confused issue to achieve. Customers are getting knowledge about pricing strategies of different types of aviation industry and this makes customer segmentation more important.Coping with that challenging business requires strong skills on sourcing strategies in human resources, airport and aircraft choices. Hence one of the biggest airline companies was chosen as a case company to observe these strategies.Increasing of flights for all over the world causes more polluted environment. Hence, airline companies need to be more responsible for environmental issues. Sustainability in that business is motivated by customer and related policies. Chosen case company was also reviewed with respect to its corporate social responsibility.According to this thesis a lot of work can be done in order to a get a brief idea for the global sourcing strategies and corporate social responsibility. Authors were discussed that subject and observed its applications in a world-wide airline company. It can be supposed as a well-prepared study with literature review and related reflections.
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Hedderich, Fabian. "Configuration of Procurement Activities in Emerging Supply Markets : Conceptualization and Empirical Findings from Western Manufacturing Companies in China /." Frankfurt am Main : European Management Publications, 2008. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3124037&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Hedderich, Fabian. "Configuration of procurement activities in emerging supply markets conceptualization and empirical findings from western manufacturing companies in China." Frankfurt, M. Europ. Management Publ, 2007. http://d-nb.info/989119890/04.
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Borhanazad, Arian, and Martin Tran. "Improved Sourcing Flexibility through Strategic Procurement : A Case Study in a Global Manufacturing Company." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Avd.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-111476.
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Background – Increase in global competition, technological changes and demanding customers have resulted in more knowledge-intensive, unstable, complicated and an uncertain environment. In order to overcome these demand uncertainties and tough circumstances, manufacturers are required to investigate methods to increase flexibility. To achieve the flexibility improvements, each component of supply chain such as suppliers, manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distributors must possess the potential to be flexible. Theory implies that the main link between company’s upstream supply chain namely suppliers and its own business unit are the sourcing strategy. Usually sourcing practitioners distinguish between sourcing strategies using portfolio models. They normally categorize purchased items based on the strategic importance of the item and characteristics of its supply market. It is a critical issue to explore how different sourcing strategies, for different categories of procured items, can influence sourcing flexibility. Purpose– The purpose has been diagnosed as to study how the prerequisites of Bombardier’s procurement procedures along with its associated strategies, can affect the flexibility that can be provided through sourcing namely sourcing flexibility. This study desires to investigate the concept of sourcing flexibility with considerations on category level. It can be beneficial to investigate how different strategies, related to different categories of procured component, can influence the level of sourcing flexibility specified to that category. This would lead us to two key questions: How can sourcing flexibility be defined in Bombardier and why is it required? How can sourcing strategies influence sourcing flexibility considering different categories of components? Methodology– To provide appropriate definitions for sourcing flexibility and strategic procurement, this study went through a comprehensive review on the relevant literatures. By a deep analysis, accompanied with several unstructured interviews on one of the undergoing projects in the company, the drivers for the sourcing flexibility have been diagnosed. The procured components have been categorized into four categories of strategic, bottleneck, leverage, and noncritical through 4 different structured quantitative questionnaires. 33 diverse individuals with purchasing and/or engineering background answered those questionnaires. The categorization criteria have been extracted out from two models suggested by Kraljic (1983) and Olsen & Ellram (1997). Four independent components, one from each category, were selected for further observations. Finally, the links between sourcing strategies and sourcing flexibilities were expansively analyzed through 9 semi structured interviews with company’s strategic purchasers and suppliers’ representatives. Conclusion– Sourcing flexibility can be defined from two perspectives. First one refers to the capability of the focal firm to change the structure of its upstream supply chain. Second aspect refers to the ability of company’s suppliers to provide it with flexibility in three dimensions of delivery, volume and product. Both two aspects along with related dimensions can be measured in three different conditions of required, actual and potential by using range, mobility and uniformity as measuring elements. The results showed that the first perspective has a direct relationship to the sourcing strategies that focal firm may apply for different categories of procured component. Furthermore, the availability of second perspective is highly dependent on the relationship between the focal company and its suppliers, where strategic procurement plays an indispensable role. Based on the results the required level of sourcing flexibility, related to each category, differs significantly with other categories. The findings also suggested that the levels of delivery, volume and product flexibility have a close connection to the diverse strategies and attributes of the four different categories. Additionally they are well dependent on the internal operational capabilities of the suppliers along with the established relationship between buyer and supplier. Originality/Value– Main portions of previous studies have explored the concepts of sourcing flexibility and strategic procurement separately. Although, there exists some narrow numbers that have analyzed the relationship between sourcing strategies and sourcing flexibility to some limited extent. This study tries to contribute to the existing literature by empirically exploring the principal reasons for companies necessitating to increase sourcing flexibility. It investigates how sourcing flexibility can be improved through strategic procurement. The main contribution is to consider sourcing flexibility from the category perspective. Latter is a subject that has been neglected in the previous literatures. It is extremely hard to find literature which has analyzed sourcing flexibility at the category level. This report analyses the level of sourcing flexibility specified to different categories of strategic, bottleneck, leverage, and noncritical components. It suggests some factors that may influence the selection of a specific sourcing flexibility strategy regarding different component categories. Finally, it may introduce some extra elements that can be influential on the level of sourcing flexibility dimensions. Some examples of those influential elements are bargaining power and establishment of a close relationship.
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Picchioni, Carla Nomura. "Abordagem do global sourcing nas subsidiárias de multinacionais no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-29112010-180106/.
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O presente estudo procura compreender os aspectos do global sourcing que agregam valor às subsidiárias no processo de aquisição de seus componentes e serviços, que tem como pano de fundo, o acesso à fontes de suprimentos de forma global. Estratégia de global sourcing refere-se a determinar qual unidade produtiva servirá quais mercados particulares e como componentes/mercadorias/serviços serão adquiridos (DAVIDSON 1982; KOTABE, 1992; McCLINTOCK, 2002). O objetivo principal foi entender a relação entre as principais dimensões de global sourcing que as subsidiárias de corporações multinacionais estrangeiras instalados no Brasil têm empregado e a relação das diretrizes estratégicas da matriz, de autonomia e integração, na relação com as subsidiárias. O estudo abordou as dimensões de propriedade e de localização. Na dimensão propriedade ainda pode ser subdivida em intrafirma, quando a compra tem origem de alguma unidade do sistema corporativo, da matriz ou de outras subsidiárias, ou inter-empresa, que tem como fonte de suprimento, fornecedor independente. Já a dimensão localização considera se o fornecimento é doméstico proveniente de fornecedores nacionais, ou externas, de fornecedores estrangeiros. Survey foi conduzido junto a 1.200 empresas com respostas de 181 subsidiárias de empresas multinacionais localizadas em território nacional de distintos segmentos de mercado, porte e origem refletindo a composição heterogênea dessas corporações no país. De um modo geral, os resultados mostraram que a autonomia das subsidiárias relaciona-se com a compra com proveniente de fornecedores externos, e que iniciativas de integração tem resultado em compras intrafirma, ou transferência de compras realizadas pela matriz. Com isso esperamos estar contribuindo para um melhor entendimento das teorias de global sourcing e dos papéis e estratégias das subsidiárias da corporação multinacionais em países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Assume-se que a utilização das estratégias de global sourcing pode contribuir para identificar e reforçar o papel das subsidiárias de corporações multinacionais instaladas no Brasil.<br>This study proposes to understand the aspects of Global Sourcing that add value to the subsidiaries in the purchase of components and services, which has as a carrier, access to sources of supply as a whole. Global Sourcing Strategy refers to the production unit will determine which particular markets and how components/goods/services it will be purchased (DAVIDSON 1982; KOTABE, 1992; McCLINTOCK, 2002). The study aimed to understand the relationship between major dimensions of Global Sourcing, property (intra firm or inter company) and location (provider independent national or foreign), that the subsidiaries of foreign multinational corporations located in Brazil have used, and the strategic guidelines of the headquarter with the Brazilian subsidiaries, in terms of autonomy and integration. The suggested model has theoretical strategies for internationalization, management of subsidiaries, Supply Chain, Global Sourcing and Global Sourcing organizational model. To prove these assumptions, a survey research was conducted by 1,200 companies with responses from 181 subsidiaries of multinational companies located in national territory of distinct market segments, size and origin reflecting the heterogeneous composition of these corporations in the country. In general, the results confirm these assumptions are made for the model approach. We could also testify the aspects related to the less structured and more focused on relationships and governance, which are the differentials that are contributing to the supply area in organization acting increasingly complex. With this, we hope to be contributing to a better understanding of the theories of Global Sourcing and the roles and strategies of the subsidiaries in Brazil.
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Du, Yang. "Essays on Global Sourcing, R&D, and Bank Credit." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493284.
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This dissertation consists of three essays, two in the field of international economics and one in macroeconomics.
The first essay studies the interaction of manufacturing firms' sourcing decisions and their R\&D investment. I propose a two-country model of sourcing where heterogeneous firms choose the sourcing destination as well as the extent to which they would like to engage in productivity-enhancing R\&D investments. Firms self-select into different combinations of sourcing modes and R\&D engagements based on their pre-R\&D, or pure productivity level. This model generates novel predictions of sorting into four different sourcing/R\&D combinations in the equilibrium. In contrast to canonical models of sourcing, this paper incorporates both extensive and intensive margins of R\&D and shows the interaction of these choices with sourcing decisions through the cost function. The model suggests that foreign sourcing decision should be complementary to R\&D investment both on the extensive margin and the intensive margin. I find empirical support for the model predictions using the ESEE data for Spanish manufacturing firms. Using an instrumental variable approach, I show that foreign sourcing is causally linked to an increase in a firm's propensity to engage in R\&D extensively and the extent of the engagement intensively.
The second essay investigates manufacturing firms' decisions to employ multiple sourcing modes simultaneously and their relationship to productivity, firm size, and capital intensity in a heterogeneous firm framework. Using a simple extension of the \cite{AntrasHelpman04} model where each firm can produce differentiated goods by sourcing from a multitude of suppliers, I show that more productive firms are able to use more varied sourcing modes, produce more products and shift a larger share of inputs away from the most basic form of sourcing into more advanced strategies. This is achieved by allowing supplier heterogeneity in the set of associated sourcing fixed costs. I show that the model predictions are consistent with stylized facts and empirical analysis with Spanish manufacturing firms. Using an instrumental analysis, the multiple sourcing patterns are found to be driven by firm-level productivity.
Finally, the third essay examines the propagation of monetary policy through the banking system in China in the context of a major banking reform in the 1990s. Using bank-level data for commercial banks over twenty years from 1986 to 2008, I examine the supply side of the narrow credit channel: loan level responses of commercial banks to monetary policy tools of the central bank. I find that banks have disparate but strong responses to different policy instruments depending on their type and level of capitalization. Moreover, the major banking reform in the 1990s has changed some characteristics of the bank-dependent propagation mechanism without diminishing its central role in monetary transmission.<br>Economics
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Quiñonez, Carlo G. (Carlo Gabriel). "Development of a criteria based strategic sourcing model." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81015.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 263-264).<br>Strategic sourcing is a key factor in enhancing Nike's competitiveness and organizational and operational performances. As Nike faces increasing pressure to expand margins and reduce source base risk during a climate of volatile commodity prices and rising labor costs, it is imperative that Nike evolves its strategic sourcing mind-set and advance the decision-making processes. The motivation for the project is to evolve the current strategic sourcing approach at Nike by developing a more effective, efficient, and transparent sourcing process that can be applied throughout all Nike's brands and products. This is being accomplished by developing a criteria based model using Visual Basic and Microsoft Excel. The model takes into account important quantifiable variables such as total landed costs, country and factory compliance risk, and Nike's Manufacturing Index (factory performance measurement) to calculate a single output called the Risk Adjusted Total Landed Cost (RATLC). The scope of the project focuses on a specific Nike Brand apparel product classification (fleece) to be able to develop a functional pilot-scale model. The RATLC methodology and criteria based model is used to develop a case study comparing the sourcing decisions to the model output for fleece in the Fall 2011 Season. The model indicated that Nike had the potential to reduce total landed costs by $25 million and reduce the risk in the factory portfolio by working with factories with higher manufacturing index and lower country risk index scores. Other potential benefits include reduced duty costs, higher quality products, and reduced leadtimes. The model and methodology is able to help the sourcing team better understand the implications of total landed cost and supply chain risk on their sourcing decisions. With the tool, Nike will be able to understand and reduce the risks and costs associated with selecting a global network of sourcing factories.<br>by Carlo G. Quiñonez.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Johnsson, Christian, and Felix Morling. "Benefits and Challenges with Global Sourcing : A study of Swedish companies." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-16886.
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Global sourcing is an important strategy for Swedish businesses since it is a mean to gain competitive advantage which is important on the global market Swedish businesses act on. Consequently it is interesting to investigate the importance of the perceived benefits and challenges with global sourcing since these factors affect the global sourcing decision. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate how Swedish large businesses perceive the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. To be able to fulfil the purpose primary data was used which was collected through an Internet based questionnaire where the respondents were asked to rank and rate the importance of the benefits and challenges with global sourcing. The data collected was in a quantifiable form and thus quantitative tools were used to analyse the collected data. The result of the study regarding the benefits was that price clearly was perceived as the most important benefit, while counter-trade obligations were seen as the least important benefit. Regarding the challenges, longer lead times and cultural issues were seen as the most challenging aspects, while customs regulations, tariffs and quotas and discrimination from the supplier were perceived as the least important challenges. However since too few responses of the questionnaire were obtained, these results is not generalizable on other Swedish businesses than those that are represented in the sample.
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Ahmad, Mustaffa Nurakmal. "Global dual-sourcing strategy : is it effective in mitigating supply disruption?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21046.
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Most firms are still failing to think strategically and systematically about managing supply disruption risk and most of the supply chain management efforts are focused on reducing supply chain operation costs rather than managing disruption. Some innovative firms have taken steps to implement supply chain risk management (SCRM). Inventory management is part of SCRM because supply disruptions negatively affect the reliability of deliveries from suppliers and the costs associated with the ordering process. The complexity of existing inventory models makes it challenging to combine the management of the supply process and inventory in a single model due, for example, to the difficulty of including the characteristics of the disruption process in the supply chain network structure. Therefore, there is a need for a simple flexible model that can incorporate the key elements of supply disruption in an inventory model. This thesis presents a series of models that investigate the importance of information on disruption discovery and recovery for a firm’s supply and inventory management. A simple two-echelon supply chain with one firm and two suppliers (i.e., referred to as the onshore and offshore suppliers) in a single product/component setting has been considered in this thesis for the purpose of experimental analyses. The sourcing decisions that the firm faces during periods of supply disruption are examined leading to an assessment of how information about the risk and length of disruption and recovery can be used to facilitate the firm’s sourcing decisions and monitor the performance of stock control during the disruption. The first part of this thesis analyses basic ordering models (Model 1 and Model 2 respectively) without the risk of supply disruption and with the risk of supply disruption. The second part analyses the value of supply disruption information, using a model with advance information on the length of disruption (Model 3) and a model with learning about the length of disruption (Model 4). The third part explores a quantitative recovery model and the analyses in this part consider of three models. Model 5 assumes a basic phased recovery model, Model 6 assumes advance information about the phased recovery process and Model 7 assumes learning about the phased recovery process. The last part of this thesis investigates the order pressure scenario that exists in the firm’s supply chain. Under this scenario, disruption to one part of the supply chain network increases demand on the remainder resulting in a lower service levels than normal. This scenario is applied to all the previous models apart from Model 1. The models in this thesis are examined under finite and infinite planning horizons and with constant and stochastic demand. The objective of the models is to minimise the expected inventory cost and optimise the order quantity from the suppliers given the different assumptions with respect to the length of supply disruption and information about the recovery process. The models have been developed using the discrete time Markov decision process (DTMDP) technique and implemented using the Java programming language. The findings of this thesis could be used to help a firm that is facing the risk supply disruption to develop its SCRM program. The findings highlight the importance of considering quantitative measures of the disruption and recovery processes, something which is still not popular within SCRM in some organisations.
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Tsotra, Danai. "Emergent culture in global IS/IT outsourcing." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5757.
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The research addresses the emergent nature of culture in global Information Systems / Information Technology (IS/IT) outsourcing relationships. Considering the broadly recognized role of culture in Global Outsourcing (GLOS), it builds on existing literature and it identifies three research issues that support the need to address culture in a global IS/IT relationship as emergent. These issues involve: a. A literature “gap” and low research granularity of existing research, b. The tendency to examine culture in IS/IT as either national or organizational, with no adequate research examining the dynamic nature of culture in GLOS collaboration, and c. The unique nature of GLOS culture, which is not stable but emergent. In order to address emergence, the thesis applies a cultural systems perspective, which is used to describe the emergent GLOS culture as related to a GLOS cultural system. An initial model is thus developed, according to which GLOS culture emerges from a GLOS cultural system, and the GLOS cultural system results from the combination of cultural characteristics of separate organizations within the GLOS context. This GLOS cultural system is related to Attitudes and Behaviors (A&B), the Environment, Interactivity, and Control. Using the philosophical perspective of interpretivism and a qualitative methodology, two pilot studies and a series of case studies were conducted. Due to its increasing reliance on outsourcing strategies, the automotive industry was used as the industry-based setting of the research and, more specifically, the phases related to the production of Electronic System (ES) of coaches and buses. Each phase involves the relationship between the client (AC) and one of its three suppliers (AS1, AS2, AS3), all residing in different countries (three across Europe and one in Asia). The analysis of the two pilot cases (GC, DS) helped finalize the interview agenda, which was then used in the four in-depth case studies that describe the relationship between AC and each individual supplier (AC-AS1, AC-AS2, AC-AS3). A thematic analysis was applied to the interview data, leading to an extended version of the initial model. According to the new extended model, the GLOS cultural system, through Mechanisms and Processes, expresses an emergent GLOS culture, which is related to extended versions of the concepts discussed in the initial model. More specifically, in the extended model, emergent GLOS culture is related to Attitudes, Behaviors, and Cognition (ABC), Context, Interactivity, and Regulation. The extended model also extends the concept of the initial model, further reflecting the emergent nature of emergence of the GLOS culture. Therefore, it associates Attitudes, Behaviors, and Cognition (ABC) with the dimensions of we-they and abstract-expressed, Context with the dimensions of environment and definition, Interactivity with the dimensions of relationship and exchange, and Regulation with the dimensions of control and feedback. The contribution of the extended model is demonstrated through validation by professionals and original participants in the study. The model also expresses the uniqueness of each GLOS collaboration and analyzes emergent GLOS culture in terms of specific cultural attributes, as they emerge within the GLOS relationship. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth description of the nature of emergent culture in global collaboration, and its contribution is discussed from a theoretical, practical, and methodological perspective. The thesis also addresses lessons learned, research limitations, and proposals for further research. Overall, the thesis offers an in-depth approach to understanding culture in GLOS relationships. Building on the concept of emergence, as addressed in existing literature, the study extends the discussion of culture beyond the national – organizational level and it offers a list of cultural attributes (themes) related to emergence. Using empirical industry-based evidence from countries selected across various economic and sociopolitical level, and an industry (automotive) that demonstrates a growing interest in outsourcing strategies, it discusses an emergent approach to culture, focusing exclusively on IS/IT GLOS. The emergent GLOS culture extends beyond mere summation of cultural characteristics of collaborating organizations. It allows for dynamism and adjustability, and, at the same time, it offers a new way of capturing, addressing, and explaining the uniqueness of the culture of every GLOS relationship.
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Neterda, Filip Bc. "Managment in the global economy: opportunities and risks." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-3705.
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The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.
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Neterda, Filip. "Managment in the global economy: opportunities and risks." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-12570.
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The thesis start from general introduction to globalization but its focus is on the following areas: global buying of company inputs (sourcing), expanding on the foreign/global markets (output) and managing the risks associated with globalization (increased competition, foreign currency and raw material/inputs hedge). Overall the thesis is practical in its approach and thus it provides the real applicable approaches in terms of the management in the global economy. Despite these practicalities the thesis also aims at analyzing the more general business environment for global activities of a firm. This is realized in section on economic assessment of the market and evaluation of foreign currency fundamentals.
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Jiang, Chunnan, and Yue Tian. "Problems and Challenges of Global Sourcing : A Study of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12113.
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<p>Background:Scholars tend to view global sourcing as a one-way street, whereby multinational manufacturers from developed countries purchase low-cost materials and products from developing countries. Undoubtedly, one of the purchasing bases for them is China because of its abundant resources and cheap labor. That is why China is aptly called the “Global Factory.” Conversely, few Chinese manufactures currently adopt a global sourcing strategy. However, the higher demand for technical quality and an increase in manufacturing cost is driving more Chinese manufacturers to adopt a global sourcing strategy in order to improve their competitive advantage. This would help them to optimize the use of global resources.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to analyze what problems and challenges Chinese manufacturing companies face in the implementation of a global sourcing strategy.</p><p>Research Method: Our study shall analyze the situation and problems encountered when Chinese manufacturers implement a global sourcing strategy. To achieve this deep understanding we need to perform a qualitative investigation of some Chinese manufacturers. Hence, we chose qualitative research as our methodology of this thesis.</p><p>Conclusion:Pursuing global sourcing is a process which takes a long time and involves many obstacles to be overcome. In this complicated situation, there is not a universal compass to pursue global sourcing. Inexperienced Chinese manufacturers have to deal with each problem in order to develop an advanced level of global sourcing and to face the challenges from logistics capabilities, selecting foreign sources, protectionism, regulations, and so on.</p>
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Lee, Sang-Yoon. "Integrated logistics and supply chain management, global sourcing and sustainable competitive advantage." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55161/.
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This thesis aims to explore the strategic roles of integrated logistics and supply chain management and global sourcing strategy for firms' performance, and to examine the direct and indirect relationships between integrated logistics and supply chain management, logistics performance, global sourcing performance, and further sustainable competitive advantage. This thesis adopts resource based theory to explore the relationships between a firm's specific capability and its performance and employs structural equation modelling in order to rigorously test the validation of the measurement models and examine the relationships between the construct variables. The data used were collected by postal questionnaire survey from logistics managers of 195 firms from the automobile and electronics industries based in Korea. The empirical research shows that (1) there exists a significant positive relationship between information & planning formality and strategic planning (2) strategic planning has a significant positive influence upon integrated logistics and SCM capability (3) internal integration & customer relationship has a significant effect on logistics performance (4) supplier integration and logistics integration & customer service exert significant impacts upon global sourcing performance (5) supplier integration has a significant effect on the firm's competitive market position (6) a superior logistics capability exerts a significant impact upon global sourcing performance and sustainable competitive advantage (7) global sourcing capability has a significant influence on sustainable competitive advantage and competitive position in the market and (8) competitive position in the market is significantly predicted by sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, this research presents many significant indirect effects between the constructs. Overall, this thesis suggests that a firm should develop an integrated logistics and SCM capability in balance and make efforts to build superior logistics and/or global sourcing capabilities in order to effectively obtain and/or reinforce its competitive market position and long-term survival and success.
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Do, Wondong. "Development of international supply chain strategies to support global sourcing and manufacturing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/51663.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 79).<br>Globalization in sourcing and manufacturing is expected to offer several different kinds of benefits. Globalized companies can produce products at cheaper costs by accessing cheaper resources and they can be close to the local market, so that they can quickly react to the needs of local markets. However, there are risks involved in global expansion. Different countries have different cultures and environments. Political relationships between the countries and global economic challenges may also affect the reliability and the profitability of globalization. Globalization requires goods to travel longer, which in turn pushes up the logistics costs. Among all the challenges, this thesis focuses on the supply chain challenges of globalization and develops the strategies to address those challenges. The thesis will provide framework to help to make international supply chain decisions. Based on this framework and the current Honeywell's environment, it will identify four different improvement opportunities and associated solutions. Each opportunity will be evaluated by appropriate models. The goal of identifying Honeywell's improvement opportunities and evaluating them is to present some structural results for each supply chain option: how the trade-offs of the option can be optimized and in each case, which option works best. In the last part, the thesis will also discuss the implementation challenges. The organizational challenges will be analyzed by using the three lenses and the change management will be discussed.<br>(cont.) In addition to the organizational challenges, the communication challenges, which become more important in a global environment, will also be discussed. Although these are the challenges faced during the project at Honeywell, many companies that are trying to do global expansion experience same type of challenges. Thus, this discussion will help to address implementation issues that most companies face.<br>by Wondong Do.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.
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Strand, Johanna, and Shenner Kotlji. "An Evaluation of Sourcing Strategies’ Relationship with Software Development Project Performance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19645.
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Background: The rapid improvement of technological infrastructure over the past three decades have led to increased connectivity and communication possibilities. This has allowed firms to develop sophisticated firm-specific governance structures with the use of different sourcing strategies. The main objectives have been to cut costs and gain competitive advantages by outsourcing activities offshore to developing countries or third-party vendors. The decision to outsource has its roots in the classical transaction cost theory and resource-based view. Some outsourcing partnerships have resulted in failures while others in success stories. The stories are evident in the software industry as the industry is highly susceptible to sourcing strategies, hence outsourcing is often used in global software development (GSD) projects. Firms engage in GSD with the ultimate goal of producing products faster, at a low-cost, and of high quality. In spite of this, GSD projects face huge challenges in terms of geographical-, temporal-, and cultural distances while the added complexity and issues associated with different sourcing strategies amplifies these challenges. The use of different sourcing strategies in GSD projects has not received as much attention as the debate about whether co-located or distributed teams perform better. Objective: The objective of this thesis is to explore how outsourcing, insourcing, and the combination of both in a co-located and distributed development setting relates to the software development project performance measured in terms of quality and productivity. The aim is to enrich and add to the scarce literature of global software development project performance in relation to sourcing strategies and when these are combined in projects. Method: In this thesis, we employed a case study at a software firm which engages in large-scale global software development projects. A total of 64 projects were selected for the study and data was collected primarily from archival documents where we made use of management documents and code databases. The data analysis was conducted using statistical tests in SPSS to investigate relationships and differences in quality and productivity for the four strategies. Results: The results revealed a statistically significant difference in quality among the sourcing strategies. Insourcing projects are associated with the highest quality followed by outsourcing projects and co-located mixed sourcing projects. Distributed mixed sourcing projects are generating the lowest quality. Although not statistically significant, distributed mixed sourcing projects are the most productive strategy followed by outsourcing projects, insourcing projects and lastly co-located mixed sourcing projects Conclusions: The recent trends in GSD which indicate that many companies turn back to insourcing after outsourcing is justified in our results as insourcing projects displays the highest quality. While outsourcing projects have been associated with poor quality and productivity, our findings suggest they are very competitive in terms of both. The mix of internal employees and third-party consultants in a co-located and distributed setting is associated with lower quality while poor productivity is only attributed to the co-located case.<br>Bakgrund: Teknikens framfart över de tre senaste decenierna har lett till ökade anslutnings- och kommunikationsmöjligheter. Detta har möjliggjort för företag att utveckla sofistikerade företagsspecifika stryelsestrukturer med använding av olika sourcing strategier. Det huvudsakliga målet med att outsourca olika aktiviteter till utvecklingsländer eller tredjepartsleverantörer har varit att minska kostnader och att erhålla konkrurrensfördelar. Belsutet om att outsourca aktiviteter i ett företag är resursbaserat och grundar sig i den klassiska transaktionskostnadsteorin och resursbaserade teorin (resource-based view). Somliga partnerskap har resulterat i misslyckanden, andra i framgångssagor. Många av dessa har åstadkommits inom mjukvaruindustrin då industrin är mottaglig för olika sourcing strategier, bland annat används outsourcing mycket i globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt. IT-företagen bedriver globala mjukvaruprojekt med de slutgiltliga målet att producera snabbare till ett lägre pris och en högre produktkvalitet. Trots detta uppstår ofta utmaningar när de gäller geografiska, tidsmässiga eller kulturella avstånd där nyttjandet av sourcing strategier adderar ytterligare ett lager av komplexitet. Majoriteten av uppmärksamhet har riktats mot hur samlokaliserade eller distrubuerade projekt presterar medan nyttjandet av sourcingstrategier i globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt har fått mindre uppmärksamhet. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur outsourcing, insourcing och en kombination av de två i en samlokaliserad eller distrubuerad miljö relaterar till mjukvaruutvecklingsprojkets prestanda i termer om produktivitet och kvalitet. Målet är att berika och addera kunskap till en knapp litteratur om prestanda för globala mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt med avseende på sourcing strategier när dessa tillämpas i en kombination. Metod. En fallstudie har bedrivits på ett mjukvaruutvecklingsföretag som arbetar med globala storskaliga mjukvaruutvecklingsprojekt. Totalt har 64 projekts blivit utvalda, analyserade och grupperade i fyra olika sourcing strategier. Sekundärdata samlades primärt in från interna företagsarkiv såsom företagets interna databaser och projektledarverktyg. Intervjuer har också genomförts med två projektledare för att få en mer djupgående förståelse av projekten och för att välja ut projekten baserat på våra krav. Dataanalysen genomfördes via statistiska tester i SPSS. Resultat: Resultatet visade en signifikant skilland i kvalitet mellan sourcing strategierna. Insourcingprojekt visade sig bidra med högst kvalitet följt av outsourcing och mixad samlokaliserad sourcing projekt. Signifikat lägst kvalitet hade mixad distrubuerad sourcing. Trots icke-signifikanta resultat, visade det sig att produktiviteten var som högst i mixad distribuerad sourcing projekt följt av outsourcing, mixad samlokaliserade sourcing och insourcing projekt. Slutsats: De senaste trenderna inom global mjukvaruutveckling indikerar på att många företag återvänder till insourcing efter outsourcing är motiverade i vårt resultat eftersom insourcing projekt resulterar i högre kvalitet. Trots att outsourcingprojekt har förknippats med låg kvalitet och produktivitet tyder våra resultat på att de är mycket konkurrenskraftiga. Slutligen är mixen av internanställda och tredje part konsulter i en samlokaliserad och distrubuerad miljö förknippad med en sämre kvalitet, och i de samlokaliserade fallet även sämre produktivitet.
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Juan, Hsin-Wei. "Sourcing strategy for power electronics derived from modular product structure." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111918.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-100).<br>Sourcing strategy is one of the most important tasks when it comes to Value Chain design. Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen GmbH (MR) seeks to gain competence in power electronics with corporate synergy generated by value chain strategy, which leverages experts' knowledge and experience across the corporate. Focusing on the sourcing decision along the value chain, the project documented in this thesis created Sourcing Decision-making Framework, which contains three analytical stages: i) technical analysis, ii) economic value analysis, and iii) strategic value analysis. The technical analysis, including product architecture and key modules/components research and interdependency analysis, explored modular product structure, and provided a better technical understanding. Economic value analysis evaluated the economic value brought about by component economies of scale across product lines. Strategic value analysis, on the other hand, assessed each component business' strategic potential. The framework was comprehensive in analyzing make-or-buy decisions from technical, economic and strategic points of view. The final make-or-buy recommendations backed by the framework presented convincing standpoints and was delivered as the project deliverable.<br>by Hsin-Wei Juan.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Cook, Celeste Nicole. "The role of sourcing agents in global apparel supply chains : an exploratory study." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4159.
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Weber, Deisi Luana Diel. "Sourcing decision: a behavioral perspective, a replication of david hall teses." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5224.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-10<br>UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos<br>This research presents an investigation about the decision-making process regarding Make or Buy, trying to understand which variables most influence this decision to insource some activities, to outsource others, or to better estimate a percentage to combine both. The dependent variable on our research is the behavioral decision-making process, measuring the influence received by cost, quality, and monitoring. Trying to understand if differences between these independent variables influence how managers make their decision in the context of insource or outsource production. In order to test this model empirically, an experiment research was conducted, on the basis of eight different scenarios, which simulate a purchasing decision situation ranging the variables costs, quality, and monitoring of suppliers between High and Low, to understand the relationship of these constructs with the decision-making process of Brazilian managers. It was performed with a sample of 211 students from the Production Engineer course at Universidade do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos). The data was analyzed using statistical technique ANOVA. The results demonstrate that managers consider cost variation to decide about how much to internalize and how much to outsource. They change their choices when quality is higher in their suppliers than inside the company. They also evaluate manager capability to control costs over their suppliers and on their process inside the company. However, they do not change their sourcing decision due to supplier’s monitoring variation, neither when quality monitoring is considered. This issue was already addressed in Hall’s study (2012) conducted in the United States. Thus, we decided to replicate his in Brazil in order to check if in a different environment, with other economic, politic, social, and regulatory situation, the manager will change their decisions. Nevertheless, after comparing both studies, we realize that the same hypothesis was supported in both studies, what means that even in another context the same variables are considered to base managers sourcing decision.
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Kidane, Simret. "International plastics manufacturing companies’ response to covid-19 in terms of changes in strategy and sourcing." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45959.
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The purpose of this thesis is to study how international Swedish plastics manufacturing companies have responded to covid-19 in terms of changes regarding corporate and business unit strategy and global sourcing. As research type a case study consisting of three case companies was applied. Mainly qualitative data using interviews were collected. The conclusions are that a regionalisation of the location of business units of a corporate group and a regionalisation of corporate strategies may take place and that covid-19 may enhance the process of regionalisation of sourcing of the case companies, which may lead to somewhat safer deliveries from suppliers, but higher prices for the case companies. It is suggested that in times of crisis, two types of SWOT-analyses should be made. One SWOT-analysis should cover strategic issues and thus be part of a strategy formulation process and lead to contingency strategies. The second SWOT-analysis should cover global sourcing issues and lead to contingency plan from a sourcing perspective.<br>Syftet med uppsatsen var att studera hur internationella svenska företag inom plastbranschen har svarat på covid-19, vad gäller förändring i företags- och affärsenhetsstrategi och globala inköp. Som forskningstyp valdes en fallstudie med tre fallföretag. Huvudsakligen kvalitativa data samlades in, genom intervjuer. Slutsatserna är att regionalisering avseende lokalisering av en koncerns affärsenheter och regionalisering av företagsstrategier kan ske och att covid-19 kan förstärka processen med regionalisering av fallföretagens inköp, vilket kan leda till något säkrare leveranser från leverantörer, men högre priser för fallföretagen. Det föreslås att det i kristider bör upprättas två typer av SWOT-analyser. En SWOT-analys bör avse strategiska frågor och vara del av strategiformuleringsprocess och leda till eventualitetsstrategier. Den andra SWOT-analysen bör avse globala inköpsfrågor och leda till en eventualitetsplan utifrån ett inköpsperspektiv.
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Stauber, Zachary Jason. "Technology adoption in consumer goods manufacturing in Asian, low-cost sourcing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111274.
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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2017.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 52-53).<br>With increasing cost of labor, additional regulatory pressures, and changing consumer habits, consumer goods manufacturers in low-cost sourcing countries in Asia are increasingly looking at manufacturing technologies to help. These manufacturing technologies in the apparel industry range from electronic sewing machines that have been around for decades to the precision control robotics that are still in the development phase. We aim to demonstrate the benefit of technology adoption and catalog the barriers faced in implementation. To achieve this, the project first explores the extent of technology adoption within the Li & Fung supplier network through the use of the technical audit; a questionnaire which includes 5 technology related questions that are filled out on-site by a third party auditor. This analysis is then expanded through a vendor survey launched to hundreds of factories that asks additional questions around technology adoption. Finally, this analytical review of technology adoption is complemented by an in-depth design and implementation of a technology system, specifically an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system, at a bottling factory. This study further demonstrates the potential impact of technology in factories and the challenges to implementation. In demonstrating the benefit of specific technologies, we are able to show a statistically significant correlation of higher performance with two technologies from the technical audit. Through our IIoT project, we also simulate how an inventory buffer optimized with the data gathered by the IIoT can increase productivity by as much as 34%. Finally, we catalog financial, strategic, and organizational barriers that factories face.<br>by Zachary Jason Stauber.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.
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Sui, Xiaodi. "Financial costs and benefits of sourcing from factories with different risk profiles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98729.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2015. In conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 48-49).<br>Li & Fung is the leading consumer goods design, development, sourcing and logistics company for global retailers and brands. Its networks cover over 15,000 suppliers and 300 offices and distribution centers in 40 economies around the world. Supply chains in the consumer goods industry are facing challenges due to volatile commodity prices, increasing labor costs and increasing social, political and environmental risk, particularly in the emerging markets. Suppliers, supply chain intermediaries, global brands and buyers are all affected. In such an environment, there is a strong case for understanding the costs and benefits of working with factories with different risk profiles, not only from reputation and risk mitigation standpoints, but also from financial and operational perspectives. The goal of this project is thus to quantify the financial costs and benefits to Li & Fung of sourcing from factories with different risk profiles. The project introduces an end-to-end view of sourcing to quantify the "total cost of sourcing" based on business inputs such as customer, product type and factory performance. The total cost aggregates different costs such as: product cost, switching cost, merchandising labor cost, quality assurance cost and social compliance cost. A new variable - the Total Cost of Sourcing Multiplier - is introduced to allow comparison across a heterogeneous factory base. The new approach will increase the transparency in sourcing process, allowing more informed decision based on business inputs and identify factories with negative financial impact to Li Fung. The results showed: 1. The sourcing problem primarily lies within low-volume factories. However, a number of low-volume factories have low total cost of sourcing multiplier. 2. As a next step, business units should look into individual factories with low-volume and low cost multiplier and identify the drivers of low cost production. For supply chain managers attempting to compete with demand with cost, quality, compliance and risk, the total cost of sourcing model can be used to evaluate supplier network performance.<br>by Xiaodi Sui.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Feller, Brian (Brian C. ). "Development of a total landed cost and risk analysis model for global strategic sourcing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43828.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2008.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-123).<br>Total landed cost and supply chain risk analysis are methods that many companies use to assess strategic sourcing decisions. For this project, landed cost is defined as those costs associated with material movement from a supplier to a designated PerkinElmer, Inc. (PKI) manufacturing site. Tools or models that are available in the technology marketplace are often too cumbersome to incorporate with a company's existing technology architecture or are too simplistic to compute an accurate landed cost. For PerkinElmer, as their Analytical Sciences business continues to grow globally, they are continuously reviewing their supplier portfolio and assessing their procurement strategy. The landed cost and risk analysis tool consists of two components, a cost model and a risk analysis model. Both models were developed to allow PKI to better understand the savings opportunities associated with a supplier selection. When performing supply chain modeling and cost optimization, it was necessary to be able to evaluate multiple scenarios that can influence a sourcing decision. Therefore, by changing parameters such as transportation mode, lead time, inventory carrying cost, freight cost, order frequency, and order quantities in the dynamic cost model, PKI is able to understand supply chain cost trade-offs. The model developed for this project is dynamic to allow multi-variable scenarios to be assessed simultaneously, thus increasing the overall analysis efficiency. For the risk analysis model, approximately 20 different factors were considered as a part of a risk portfolio. This concept adapts traditional financial investment portfolio management theory by considering how much operational impact one factor may have on PKI.<br>(cont.) The concept is to consider a diversified portfolio, so all of the possible risk incurred by a sourcing decision does not reside in any one "category" (logistics, inventory, etc.). The outcome of the model is an index and adjusted cost, providing PKI with an estimate of the potential cost of doing business with a supplier based on their risk profile.<br>by Brian Feller.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Fagerlind, Emelie, and Klara Granheimer. "Companies' actions towards global sourcing risk : A multiple case study on small companies in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24029.
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Awwad, Ghassan Samir. "A framework for developing, manufacturing, and sourcing trucks & equipment in a global fluid management industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50085.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2009.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 48).<br>Selecting and executing the optimal strategy for developing new products is a non trivial task, especially for low volume, high complexity products in a highly volatile global industry such as Fluid Management. At Fluid Management Corporation (FMC), Trucks and Equipment (T&E) that are used to deliver services both onshore and offshore currently follow a single product development model: In-house design; Outsourced prototyping, testing, and manufacturing. The objective of this research work is to challenge the status quo and to provide FMC with a practical framework that helps to determine the optimal development strategy. Rather than following a single development strategy for the entire portfolio of trucks and equipment products, the new methodology recommends a development strategy at a product functionality level and product feature level. Product development strategy is defined here using three dimensions: Design strategy; Manufacturing strategy; and Supply Chain strategy. Each functionality or feature is evaluated using a set of six criteria which then maps that functionality or feature to a specific recommended location on a three dimensional strategy cube. The set of evaluation criteria were derived from exploring and analyzing the current product development process, and from benchmarking world class companies from a wide range of different industries. The results show that for functionalities and features that differentiate FMC from its competitors and are viewed as core competencies, FMC should consider in sourcing the design, prototyping, and testing processes.<br>(cont.) These functionalities include blending, pumping, software development, and system integration. Similarly, for functionalities and features that are not viewed as core competencies such as transport units, storage, and power generation, FMC should consider outsourcing the development process including design.<br>by Ghassan Awwad.<br>S.M.<br>M.B.A.
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Paradza, Dignity. "Global sourcing in the shoe retailing industry in the Western Province, South Africa : a case study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2108.
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Thesis (MTech (Retail Business Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.<br>In an effort to remain competitive and maintain stable sales level and profitability, companies across the world have turned to global sourcing. This was a result of analysing the benefits of globalisation and advancement in technology which enabled this sourcing strategy to become very popular in many industries across the world. This was no different with the shoe retail industry in Cape Town. Shoe retailers have become dependent on international trade as it is synonymous with low costs and affordable shoes. However, despite these benefits, global sourcing is well known for being difficult to implement. For an industry so dependent on international trade, it was imperative to investigate how well shoe retailers have adopted global sourcing. This thesis aimed to investigate the implementation of global sourcing by shoe retailers in Cape Town, Western Province. Global sourcing is categorised into three main stages which include domestic sourcing, international procurement and global sourcing. These were the stages used to categorise the level of global sourcing adaptation by shoe retailers in the province. The challenges and improvements required were also examined and explored. A mixed-methods approach was implemented which involved adopting both quantitative and qualitative research. Eighty survey questionnaires were administered to retail buyers, logistics managers and executive management. This represented the quantitative research category, while twenty in-depth interviews represented the qualitative research phase which were conducted on global sourcing committee members in various shoe retail companies. The research outcomes unveiled that most shoe retailers in Cape Town source domestically through middlemen, known as sourcing intermediaries. The reasons for this included a lack of finance to support the global sourcing activities; the strategy is less risky as compared to global sourcing which is risk prone; a lack of adequate information to effectively execute global sourcing; and some retailers are too small in terms of business activity to fully implement global sourcing. The remaining retailers were split between international procurement and global sourcing. Fluctuation in exchange rates, internal communication problems, bad weather, and communication problems with manufacturers or suppliers were identified as challenges that retailers face. Areas highlighted by retailers which require improvement included internal communication between departments, increase in financial support towards global sourcing and quality control of shoes before shipment to Africa. In conclusion, global sourcing has yet to be fully adopted by most retailers in Cape Town, and sourcing intermediaries, wholesalers or agents are currently imperative for the existence of the shoe industry as they provide services which retailers cannot execute on their own
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Gray, Teagen K. "Global Population Structure of the Dusky Shark and Geographic Sourcing of Shark Fins from Commercial Markets." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/53.
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The dusky shark, Carcharinus obscurus, is a globally distributed, coastal-pelagic species subject to an apparent high level of exploitation. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists this species as “Vulnerable” globally, and “Endangered” within western North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico waters due to an over 80% decline in this region, with no evidence of population recovery. The extensive exploitation of dusky sharks may partly be attributed to the high market value of its fins, but the contribution of individual dusky shark stocks to the fin markets is unknown. This knowledge would be helpful to detect if specific stocks are experiencing disproportionate levels of exploitation. Due to its susceptibility to overfishing, current dire conservation status and need for additional information on its population dynamics, we analyzed the genetic population structure and genetic diversity of the dusky shark (n = 415) across 8 globally distributed locations utilizing 10 nuclear microsatellite loci. The nuclear marker analyses support and extend previously published mitochondrial marker work, identifying a strong divergence among Atlantic and Indo-Pacific samples. Furthermore, nuclear marker results indicate the presence of six genetically discrete management units for dusky sharks, with significant genetic differentiation between the western North Atlantic, South African, and each of three Australian site collections (N, E and W coasts). Discovery of these nuclear microsatellite-defined, smaller geographic scale management units provides a basis for the assignment of market-derived fins to their population of origin with the use of genetic assignment techniques.
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Scipio, Sophia E. (Sophia Elyssia). "Strategic sourcing in a direct import supply chain with increasing globalization trends while mitigating risk." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81724.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-82).<br>This thesis explores how a retailer should determine whether to source goods domestically vs. directly by imports through international sourcing. Through the research a landed cost model was developed and designed to calculate the total landed cost of items that were shipped from overseas locations into the US. The landed cost model is different from typical models in that it integrates the physical size of the item to be imported into the total landed cost considerations. With the landed cost estimates at SKU level, the decision of whether to import or to source domestically is derived. What attributes make better import candidates over others given that a landed cost calculator outputs "yes" to import? What are some of the risks? In addition to creating a landed cost calculator, the research presents approaches around these questions. The characteristics of good import candidates are analyzed through evaluating the variables that contribute to total landed cost. Basker and Van (2008) present theories that examine the two way relationship between the size of a dominant retailer and the imports of consumer goods. They conclude that a chain needs to reach a threshold size before it begins to import. Benchmark studies of import giants like Wal-Mart are presented in this paper to understand how a longer history in the retail sector along with a robust IT infrastructure gives a company an advantage in importing retail goods. The results of this research can help retail companies with new and small import programs understand the variables that are needed to calculate total landed costs with the consideration of container utilization. Additionally it will help the retailer to decide on the best items to import in a smaller program until they can acquire economies of scale through higher import quantities. Ordering methods such as the Periodic Order Quantity Method (POQ) for fixed order periods with variable demand and Newsvendor models for advance ordering are also addressed. The results show that given several import items of varying sizes, there is an optimum region of importing which relates to COGS, size, inventory holding cost, delta of domestic to imports COGS, demand and other costs. The retailer can find this optimum region by applying analytical techniques to evaluate the candidates that are under consideration for importing. In addition to these findings, the organizational and infrastructural needs of a small imports program are addressed. The research also ties in globalization of the retail industry and the world market economy into shifts in the retailer's decisions.<br>by Sophia E. Scipio.<br>M.B.A.<br>S.M.
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Nunes, Moema Pereira. "Going abroad for new sourcing possibilities: an analysis of the adoption of strategic global sourcing by emerging companies: a case study in the electrical and electronic industry in Rio Grande do Sul state." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3166.
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Previous issue date: 2013-02-28<br>Nenhuma<br>Companies are moving abroad to look for advantages in alternative sources of supply. Primarily associated with the lack of local suppliers or lower acquisition costs, these reactions have driven business to a more proactive perspective by the adoption of Strategic Global Sourcing (GS). GS is conceptualized as the company's strategic direction for the search and monitoring of global supply markets and their efficient management through the integration and coordination of activities related to the functional areas of business, as well as the units of local purchases of a set of related companies. Companies from emerging countries are developing their own GS, in the same manner as companies from developed countries. Most GS literature considers emerging companies the emerging companies to be the suppliers, not the buyers. These "late movers" have more strategic motivation, as well as goals, to internationalize their activities. In this study, we investigated emerging Brazilian companies in the electrical and electronic industries from the state of Rio Grande do Sul as buyers in the global market. The initial step was a literature review, followed by the development of a theoretical framework. The framework was applied to a case study. Six companies from the selected industry sector were investigated. Four were classified as adopting GS. The main motivations that led these companies to adopt GS were identified as faster access to new technologies, the establishment of presence in global markets and the motivation to become a global player. The cultural differences were identified as the main difficulty. A set of differences between these companies and the adoption of GS from traditional MNCs in terms of the structure and process were also identified with special consideration given to the use of IPOs in earlier stages of internationalization sourcing. It was possible to confirm that the adoption of GS is a competitive advantage for these companies.
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Rapberger, Wolfgang. "Lean logistic in a global environment how distance impacts lean inbound systems." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2007. http://d-nb.info/988719436/04.
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Wan, Wai-San. "Global and regional sourcing of ICT-enabled business services : upgrading of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global value chain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/457/.
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Offshoring, as part of globalisation, first started decades ago with manufacturing processes disintegrated along the global value chain and dramatically redistributed to low-cost regions. The next global shift of work involving ICT-enabled business services has arisen since the 1990s, especially featuring the success of India’s supplier role. The possibilities for the Global South to move up the value ladder are well demonstrated by the achievements of the newly industrialised economies in East Asia in the first shift and of India in the second. In the services sector, however, potential for upgrading is conditioned by quality-based elements, such as trust, culture and language, which vary both between producing and market areas. Flows are increasingly multi-directional, requiring attention to the neglected issue of demands from fast-growing Southern economies. So how do locations and firms in the Global South attempt to upgrade in the regime of rising services offshoring? The Indian experience especially in serving Anglophone markets in the Global North has been widely documented – but not that of East Asian economies, with their distinct characteristics and strong historic, ethnic and cultural ties with each other. This study examines the upgrading possibilities and constraints of China, Hong Kong and Singapore along the global services chain. For cross-case analysis, it focuses on three specific sets of services, including information technology, finance and accounting, and customer contact services. The concepts of global value chain, competitive advantage and capabilities are applied to reconstruct the phenomenon of services offshoring from both the demand and supply perspectives in the selected locations, and synthesise the dynamics between locational characteristics and firm strategies. A series of distinct upgrading strategies are identified, involving mixes of manufacturisation, knowledge-intensification and deepening relational capabilities to exploit both regional advantages of language/cultural proximity and established global links.
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Ricardo, Alexandre. "Gestão de global sourcing em empresas multinacionais com unidades produtivas em mercados emergentes: caso das subsidiárias brasileiras." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3383.
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Previous issue date: 2012-01-31<br>Nenhuma<br>A crescente competição por mercados consumidores, impulsionada pela globalização, tem demandado das organizações a implementação de estratégias para suportar estas novas condições comerciais, de forma a manter a sua participação nos negócios, bem como propiciar crescimento. Neste contexto, destaca-se a necessidade de adoção de estratégias e processos eficientes de gestão entre matriz e subsidiárias, em destaque, a gestão de fornecimento de insumos para produção. O presente estudo tem como tema central a gestão de global sourcing. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar como as subsidiárias de produção de empresas multinacionais estrangeiras, instaladas no Brasil, estão inseridas e participam da estratégia de global sourcing da organização. Para tanto, foi conduzida, inicialmente, uma pesquisa na bibliografia sobre a estratégia de global sourcing, onde se identificou uma lacuna em relação à interação da subsidiária na estratégia global de fornecimento. Os estudos desenvolvidos, até então, possuem foco na matriz, abordando os formatos de gestão a partir destas. A pesquisa de campo foi adotada como método, utilizando-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas em profundidade com gestores locais de fornecimento, além de pesquisas documentais. A amostra foi composta de oito empresas multinacionais estrangeiras com unidades produtivas no Brasil. Foram verificados diferentes estágios da função de compras, conforme modelo proposto por Monczka e Trent (2003a), sendo a maior parte da amostra caracterizada por arranjos organizacionais, formas de gerenciamento e controle classificados na estratégia de global sourcing, e, em menor representatividade, empresas com atuação no nível de compras internacionais. Destaca-se o formato de participação da subsidiária de produção como parcialmente alinhado com a estratégia de global sourcing, reativo às demandas originadas a partir desta com maior representatividade na amostra. O estudo sugere uma revisão do formato de abordagem das subsidiárias de produção, passando a uma gestão mais proativa, alinhada com as estratégias de global sourcing da organização, bem como atendendo, no seu nível de atuação, as melhores práticas referenciadas na bibliografia pesquisada.<br>The growing competition for consumer markets, driven by globalization, has required organizations to put in practice strategies to support new business conditions in order to keep its market share and provide continuous growing. In this context, we highlight the needs to implement strategies and processes to have efficient management between headquarters and subsidiaries, highlighted the management of supply. This paper is focused on the management of global sourcing. The aim of the research was to perform analysis of how the production subsidiaries of foreign multinationals, operating in Brazil, are embedded and attend to organizations global sourcing strategies. Initially, an extensive literature research on the global sourcing strategy was made, which identified a gap related to the interaction of the subsidiary in the overall supply. Previous studies have been focused on the organization world headquarters, strategies to implement and manage global sourcing. The field research was adopted as a research method, using visits, and semi-structured interview in-depth with local supply managers, and documentary research. Sample was composed of eight foreign multinational companies with production facilities in Brazil. Different stages of the purchasing function have been identified, according to stage model proposed by Monczka e Trent (2003a). Most of them were characterized by organizational arrangements, management and control forms classified in global sourcing strategy, and significantly less, companies operating at the level of international purchases. Noteworthy, it was identified in most of companies visited, that production subsidiary participation is partially aligned with the strategy of global sourcing, reactive to the demands from world headquarters. The study suggests that local production subsidiaries should review its approach related to the global sourcing management, becoming more proactive, aligned with the organization global sourcing strategy, as well as serving in their level of expertise, best practices referenced in the literature.
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Rojas, Rodriguez Sergio. "Komplexitätsmanagement bei der Erschliessung neuer Beschaffungsmärkte am Beispiel der Gestaltung des chinesischen Liefernetzwerkes des Volkswagen-Konzerns." Lohmar Köln Eul, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2988812&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Fromenteau, Philippe [Verfasser], and Dalia [Akademischer Betreuer] Marin. "Information technology, competition and trade : sourcing decisions and firm adjustments in the global economy / Philippe Fromenteau ; Betreuer: Dalia Marin." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120302439/34.
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Fromenteau, Philippe Verfasser], and Dalia [Akademischer Betreuer] [Marin. "Information technology, competition and trade : sourcing decisions and firm adjustments in the global economy / Philippe Fromenteau ; Betreuer: Dalia Marin." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-201106.
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Schwarz, Christian Verfasser], Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] [Südekum, and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Prinz. "Firms in International Trade : Global Sourcing, Research Investments and Foreign Direct Investment / Christian Schwarz. Gutachter: Joachim Prinz. Betreuer: Jens Südekum." Duisburg, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015361811/34.
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