Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sourds – Communication'
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Vincent-Durroux, Laurence. "La langue orale des sourds profonds oralistes : étude comparative (anglais/français)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040157.
Full textOral productions from french and english profoundly deaf oral youths are studied. The following hypothesis is proposed : profound deafness, which implies specific conditions for language acquisition and for the development of cognition, is likely to have linguistic consequences, whatever the language spoken. The data are analysed from morphological, syntactic, and semantic points of view. Quantitative homogeneity is checked, before studying the functioning of corrections and repetitions, the setting of discourse themes, determiners, and temporal references. The data analysis shows the existence of regularities, with identical phenomena in french and in english. The correlations that appear throughout with the grammars of sign languages (which were created by deaf people), tend to support our hypothesis
Boutaleb, Djamila. "Les enfants sourds en Algérie : problèmes d'acquisition de la langue écrite." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H115.
Full textThis thesis deals with the problems of deafness in Algeria, more particularly in schools where an attempt is made to pin down the causes of failure in the learning of language by deaf children. In order to understand the difficulties, it had seemed appropriate to examine the problem of deafness itself and its consequences on schooling and social life. This will be the subject of the first part. The emphasis will be on this "difference" which affects primarily the development of language and which may cause schooling delays and create psychoaffective problems and social problems. The current conflict of methods, oralism sign language, makes it possible to reconsider the status of deaf children thanks to the findings of linguistics and the works of psycholinguists and sociolinguists, of whom some current ideas will be presented in this work. In the second part, the deaf community in Algeria will be illustrated with some historical and socio-educational characteristics, for, to know the past and present living conditions of the deaf gives us the means to understand their actual level in the practice of the written language, which will be examined in the third part. The observed difficulties lie at the syntactic level, as well as the lexical, grammatical, and orthographic levels. The choice of deaf francophones, deaf arabophones, and hearing pupils benefits our analysis. This study is made in a pedagogical prospect but is integrated in a set of psycho-sociolinguistic views
Sevre, Sabine. "Les competences sociales des enfants sourds-aveugles : influences de l'interlocuteur et du contexte sur les echanges interpersonnels." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05H045.
Full textDecourchelle, Denis. "Avant j'étais sourd de naissance : surdités. Logiques identitaires d'un contrôle social. Exemples d'adolescents sourds dans le département de la Gironde (France)." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR21012.
Full textKozlowski, Lorena. "La perception auditive-visuelle de la parole : une étude sur les devenus sourds profonds porteurs d'implant cochléaire." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030190.
Full textThe present study brings to discussion the influence of vision on speech perception. The information supplien by "audible" and "visible" spoken word represents different information sources, that make speech recognition and interpretation possible. We have tried to put in evidence the results of different informations (audible and visible) on word perception based on an experimental procedure with a sample of hearing impaired adults that became profoundly deaf for different reasons. All users of cochlear implants. Two conditions were teste: visuam and audio-visual. Three hypothesis tested were confirmed: - threre is a difference on perception under the two conditions: - some vowels may facilitate the visualization of certain consonants: - a new classification of consonants by homophonous groups was verified. Our study was then distributed through seven chapters
Vinter, Shirley. "Mise en place des éléments prosodiques dans le langage émergent de l'enfant sourd : rôle des stimulations acoustiques et des interactions sociales." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1015.
Full textThis study includes three experiments which have in common to study the role of acoustic experiences and social experiences in the acquisition of language in the deaf child. We analyzed the vocal productions of the profoundly deaf child aged between 4 and 7 months, the emergence of baddling and its temporal structuration. The melodic structuration was studied in the framework of the mother-child interactions. The following results have been obtained : 1) an early interaction between auditory perception mechanisms and vocal productions. 2) an interaction between acoustic experiences and baddling ; the relationship between baddling and audition and baddling and language were described and discussed. 3) an interaction between mother-deaf child turn taking and the onset of prosodic elements, rythm and melody, which can be seen as the bases for later language. These interactions mean that the analyse of the conversational sequential exchanges is strongly necessary for a pertinent study of child language. The original concept of "interactional developmental intonology" defines both the theorical framework of our study and the linguistic aspects which were explored
Dalle, Sophie. "Chercheurs, sourds et langage des signes : le travail d'un objet et de repères linguistiques : en France du 17e au 21e siècle." Toulouse 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU20055.
Full textThis research relates to the conditions of existence of linguistic studies on signed languages. The efforts of inscription of human communication concentrate, at the end of the 19th century, around vocal languages. We show thus that various ways of insertion of signed languages in modern linguistics are taken in several countries. We then study the conditions of certification inside an international network of research on this object. A reflexion on the modalities of collaboration between deaf persons and scientists constitutes the weft of this research. It allows to question the forms of collective existence of the ones and the others, and the nature of their relation, in various socio-historic contexts. It is inside this framework of analysis that are described the forms of construction, presence, or negotiation, of the reference point of Anthropology in 19th century, and of General Linguistics in 20th and 21st century
Orosanu, Luiza. "Reconnaissance de la parole pour l’aide à la communication pour les sourds et malentendants." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0172/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the RAPSODIE project which aims at proposing a speech recognition device specialized on the needs of deaf and hearing impaired people. Two aspects are studied: optimizing the lexical models and extracting para-lexical information. Regarding the lexical modeling, we studied hybrid language models combining words and syllables, and we proposed a new approach based on a similarity measure between words to add new words in the language model. Regarding the extraction of para-lexical information, we investigated the use of prosodic features, of linguistic features and of their combination for the detection of questions and statements. This detection aims to inform the deaf and hearing impaired people when a question is addressed to them
Orosanu, Luiza. "Reconnaissance de la parole pour l’aide à la communication pour les sourds et malentendants." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0172.
Full textThis thesis is part of the RAPSODIE project which aims at proposing a speech recognition device specialized on the needs of deaf and hearing impaired people. Two aspects are studied: optimizing the lexical models and extracting para-lexical information. Regarding the lexical modeling, we studied hybrid language models combining words and syllables, and we proposed a new approach based on a similarity measure between words to add new words in the language model. Regarding the extraction of para-lexical information, we investigated the use of prosodic features, of linguistic features and of their combination for the detection of questions and statements. This detection aims to inform the deaf and hearing impaired people when a question is addressed to them
Vissac, Pascal. "Auto-langage gestuel et phonique chez les sourds : quelle approche pour l'apprentissage de la langue écrite?" Toulouse 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU20093.
Full textCan the deaf learn to read without the help of phonological mediation? or is phonology an obligatory step to acquiring written language? this thesis on the didactics of acquiring written language in deaf subjects attempts to answer these questions. Basing our work, on the one hand, on the tests of conrad in the united kingdom (1964) and of klima and bellugi in the usa (1975), and on the other hand, on theoretical references concerning the cognitive approach to reading (identification processes of words, main models, etc. ), along with concepts such as bilingualism, identity, representation and past and present deaf culture, we tested several variables likely to influence the processes involved in the deaf acquiring written language. The fundamental idea is that the deaf, if totally deprived of the acoustic channel, cannot attain phonological consciousness, in such case, the visual-occular-motor channel resulting from sign language should generate a specifically gestural inner speech which may be assumed to partly compensate for the absence of phonic inner speech. Analysis of data enabled us to point out the importance of phonic inner speech and its role in the reading process, including for the totally deaf. Examination of results also enabled us to understand that lip reading, cued speech and other therapeutic aids constitute a source of phonological information used in the processes of identifying text. Furthermore, analysis of errors related to components of gestural signs (cheremes), along with observations made during writing task situations (didactic computer program),, confirm the existence of gestural inner speech in the deaf. The idea of a compensatory strategy based on gestural inner speech by deaf subjects making little use of phonic inner speech, however, could not be shown
Henry, Marie-Madeleine. "Essai d'évaluation objective de la lecture sur les lèvres chez les sourds profonds." Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21031.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to build a speechreading scale for deaf children aged from five to sixteen years old, based on a speechreading test. This test as been elabored on myklebust and neyhus work and on several other works about speechreading understanding by deaf people. The construction of a valid test has been specially studied. The test is composed of a kodak color super eight film representing a person who prononce forty-four words, ten expressions and twenty-one sentences. These items have been chosen among the vocabulary teached to five to sixteen years old children and selectionned upon the biserial correlations between the total test and each item. Every filmed message is represented on a graffic answer board where the child can choose between four drawings the one that represents the word, the expression or the sentence according to him. At least, the work is composed of three speachreading scales : one for the word's list, one for the expression and sentence list and one with the total of the point achieved in the whole test
Jacques-Boussard, Elodie. "Aux sources du malentendu entre interlocuteurs sourds et entendants : L'histoire, la langue, la culture." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD001.
Full textDeafness is a disability which concerns not only the hearing perception, butlanguage as well as relationships. Numerous misconceptions have been createdover time, and even today they plague the relations between individuals withimpaired hearing and the rest of the world. These misconceptions stem from aphilosophical basis which considers language to be the only vector for thought.These misunderstandings were further aggravated by the traumatic history, namelythe ban on sign language, as well as the particular language known as LSF. All ofthese elements combined create the culture and identity of a deaf person today andplay a role in his interaction with society. The resulting conflicts have led us to thestudy of a different misconception, one which is mainly based on the sensoryrelationship with the world. This thesis tries to consider the different sources of thesemisconceptions and their impact on the development of the expression of a deafindividual. Then we'll discuss a new form of misconception, concerning theperception of vibrations
Cantin, Yann. "Les Sourds-Muets de la Belle Époque, une communauté en mutation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0147.
Full textA question arises regularly on the situation of the Deaf of the Belle Epoque, which is commonly called deaf-dumb. Indeed, following the wishes of the Milan Congress requesting the adoption of a new method of education of deaf children, the pure oral method, banning sign language, the situation of the deaf community is thereby changed, and more particularly from the highest categories, and the lowest. The impact of educational reform Milan combines with the evolution of manners during this period have profoundly changed the structure of the deaf community, seeing the emergence of particular families, consisting of fully deaf members. However, this trend is accompanied by a significant erosion among the most educated groups gradually disappear. Indeed, the reform of Milan seems no longer afford to train educated beings, and it pays particular attention to them talk. This change of priorities seems to cut the link between the school and the community, especially dried up the arrival of new generations capable of taking over the old. However, the Belle Epoque is also an intellectually inspired period of importance, with an unpublished literary production. This mask profusion actually a beginning of cultural and artistic decline becomes obvious that from the 1920s, accompanied by profound social upheaval
Mato, Ornela. "Les professionnels entendants de la surdité : transformation des dynamiques professionnelles suite à l’émergence du nouveau paradigme de la surdité dans les années 1970." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080134/document.
Full textThe field of interventions for the deaf is strongly divided by two opposed paradigms: The first one focuses on vocal speech (repairing ear function and voice re-education), the second focuses on sign language since the 1970s with their Awakening of the Deaf (a fight for the deaf to be recognized as a linguistic and cultural community). A lot of special schools and professionals are affected (teachers, special educators, speech-therapists, audiologists, cued speech transliteration programs, communication assistants…) in different fields (health and paramedical sectors, education, communication). At first the professionals who hear were in charge, but the Deaf Awakening will legitimize the professional presence of deaf people using sign language. Associations and engaged academics play a key role within this emergence.Reconfiguration of professional dynamics leads here to a redefinition of roles and places for those in charge (professionals who hear and the field of education): competition, recognition of ways to act, emerging associations of parents and of deaf people themselves, the place of the experts. Despite the attempts at reconfiguring public action, an unequal trade-off perpetuates the dominant vocal speech acquisition model, accompanied by a partial recognition of sign language as well as of interpreters and French sign language teachers
Camacho, José Carlos. "Musique, drame et thérapie : un processus d'intégration pour les personnes sourdes." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20067/document.
Full textThe object of this study is to present the use of the game as therapy musical and theatrical (dramatherapy) for Deaf people to find the playful and funny character of the therapy and also to facilitate their integration to the University. This is fundamental in the therapy and the exploration of the pleasure shared through the game, the meaning and creative progress of every Deaf person and his physical and emotional and playful participation within the group
Amédée, Alourdes. "Un cas d'ethnologie appliquée : la technique de communication mise au point par Bell Canada pour les sourds." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28413.
Full textDelahaye, Audrey. "Interactions mères/enfants : apports d'un entraînement phonologique réalisé avec des mères sourdes ou entendantes." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR23100.
Full textAll along this PhD, we try to know if the evolution of the level of phonological consciousness of a child with no hearing problem is affected by his mother’s deafness and if the transmission of knowledge relative to language is not jeopardized by this handicap. Effectively, deafness is a real handicap with serious consequences on a person’s development. It makes, both, communication and progress at school difficult – a lot of deaf people are illiterate. Moreover, as Bruner’s works show it, the child develops and improves his language thanks to the various interactions he has with people around him and his mother, in particular. At nursery school, the child realizes words go together and are composed of syllabes and phonemes, which is called phonological consciousness. It is linked to reading and writing practices. So, phonological training enables children to improve their level of phonological consciousness, thus, they get better results at school. In our research, we have given deaf mothers and mothers with no hearing problem – so as to be able to compare the results – phonological training courses in company with their children. The results we have got enable us to stress the ingenuity shown by deaf mothers to make up for their handicap so that their children with no hearing problem may progress properly
Schwartz, Sandrine. "Stratégies de synchronisation interactionnelle - alternance conversationnelle et rétroaction en cours de discours - chez les locuteurs sourdaveugles pratiquant la langue des signes française tactile." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083601.
Full textLazard, Diane. "Réorganisation neurocognitive et perception de la parole après implantation cochléaire chez l'adulte sourd post-lingual." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066465.
Full textBy restoring oral communication, cochlear implant (CI), is one of the major medical developments of the XXth century. However, outcome varies with a least 10% of rehabilitation failure. Peripheral predictors have been largely studied but do not fully explain this variability. Cerebral functional exploration has enlarged the investigation field of the cognitive impact on performance, and had led to the notion of an “auditory brain”. The aim of this thesis was to further explore the influence of cognitive functions in CI outcome. We showed, using a functional MRI paradigm on postlingually deaf adults, candidates to CI, that cortical reorganization of auditory memory networks occurs during deafness. Phonological memory, necessary to speech perception and associated audio‐visual supplementation, progressively deteriorates with profound deafness duration, yielding maladaptive right posterior superior temporal cortex disinhibition. This process is driven by a prompt environmental sound memory decline. The use of the dorsal network, based on visual, articulatory and motor associations, frequently observed as dominant cognitive strategy, is a robust good predictor for CI performance. Conversely, ventral network neural activity enhancement, using global identification and confrontation with stored representations, is associated with poor CI performance. These findings suggest that specific cognitive rehabilitation preserving auditory memory and its networks should be proposed to CI candidates
Poirier, Marie-Andrée. "L'apprentissage de l'écrit par des adultes sourds dans des situations contextualisées à l'aide de l'A.T.S." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29379.
Full textRoy, Johanna-Pascale. "Etude de la perception des gestes anticipatoires d'arrondissement par les sourds et les malentendants." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR20027.
Full textThe present work is a contribution to studies on anticipation in speech, in the visual perception domain. Production of these anticipatory gestures by two French speakers is analysed using X-ray and kinematic data for V1CV2 and V1CnV2 sequences, in order to examine the timing of labial anticipation and its expansion. V1 could be a rounded or an unrounded vowel, whereas V2 is always a rounded one. Our results show that anticipatory gestures are initiated within configurations related to the unrounded vowel and attain their maximum configurations at release of the plosive, during the VOT span. Moreover, our data do not confirm the predictions of principal models for anticipatory production, except those of the Movement Expansion Model. The perceptual efficiency of these gestures in the visual modality was tested using young hearing-impaired subjects and a control group of normally hearing subjects. The latter group also took part in a auditory perception test. Results confirm that visual and auditory perception of anticipatory gestures, follow their expansion. In the visual modality, the two groups correctly identified the rounded vowel at the same gate, but the hearing-impaired subjects obtained higher results. The speaker must obtain a minimum lip opening area threshold or a maximum protrusion threshold in order to allow the correct identification of the round vowel, independently of the duration between this event and the onset of the round vowel or the motor event. The auditory perception test shows that the round vowel can be perceived as from inflexion of the inferior limit of the preceding consonant frication noise
Petroiu, Nicoletta. "Implantation des nouvelles méthodes et techniques dans l'apprentissage des élèves sourds et malentendants." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2051/document.
Full textThis research proposes to study and present materials that can improve the learning process for people who are hard of hearing and deaf by leveraging the use of new tools such as touch tablets. The question is whether the introduction of these new tools could allow the creation of software tools that more adapted to the cognitive specificities of deaf children.In the current context, our hypothesis is that new computer-base technologies and digital tools (such as touch tablets) would positively influence the learning process for students who are deaf and hard of hearing.As a result, we have created the educational software Digisthésia that has been designed and adapted to the needs of students who are deaf and hard of hearing. The aim of this tool was to develop and improve 4 important cognitive parameters such as attention, memory, processing speed and problem solving.Our protocol mobilized 80 students from grade schools from and near Lyon: 40 students suffering from different degrees of hearing impairment, with an without cochlear implants (20 subjects used the tablet/20 subjects were part of the control group). As well as 40 students with no hearing impairments (20 subjects who used the educational software Digisthésia and the tablet /20 subjects who were part of the control group).The results indicate that leveraging the new technologies has enhanced the cognitive potential of deaf and hard of hearing students. We have seen progress in the learning of deaf and hard of hearing participants as a result of the use of tablets and our software
COURSANT, MOREAU AUDREY. "Un systeme d'aide automatique a la lecture labiale pour les personnes sourdes profondes : lipcom elaboration et evaluation." Strasbourg 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20006.
Full textThe lipcom project, developed in the ibm-france scientific center, is an automatic tool to help speech perception for profoundly deaf people. As a prototype, for the time being, lipcom is a real-time, speaker dependent phonetic recognition system, operating on continuous speech with unlimited vocabulary and unconstrained syntax. The aim of the system is to discriminate lip-reading ambiguities : when a deaf user observes speaker's lips, he/she may read in a peripheral vision, a phonetic "sub-titling" made by lipcom. We experimented this prototype over a three years period, with about 10 pre-lingual profoundly deaf children from 8 to 12 years old. In order to evaluate the efficiency and the usefulness of the system, we made different experiments, successively, on nonsense items, on syllabes, words and finally on sentences under two conditions : lip-reading plus hearing aids, and lip-reading plus hearing aids plus lipcom. The results show that using lipcom increases the identification scores of the subjects performances. The relative improvement brought by lipcom depends on the tests and protocols ; as a mean, the identifications scores obtained in the lip-reading plus hearing aids condition are about 48% to 64% with lipcom. In the same time, the experiment contributed to improve the lipcom system recognition level both from quantitative and qualitative point of view. Effectively, lipcom which had an initial weak recognition rate, raised, at the end of the experiment to a phoneme recognition rate between 90% and 95%. To conclude, this study shows that lipcom does help speech understanding by deaf persons and that the system is technically feasible
Sargsyan-Sablong, Anna. "D'une confrontation traumatisante à une rencontre libératrice : éducation non formelle et conditions d'une réciprocité relationnelle sourds-entendants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG028/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to focus on interpersonal relationships between deaf and hearing people who share multiple borders - spatial, social and intersubjective. The communicative incompatibility leads to relational and interactional barriers, generating an unbalanced relationship between the dominant hearing society and deaf minority. From one side, a deaf person constantly faces a social space where they’re not able to express themselves authentically, which hinders their identity affirmation and affects their social image. From the other side the hearing person encounters communicational obstacles that make their emotional experience difficult.Questioning the abovementioned eternal communicative failure process, the objective of this research study is to think about a possible deaf and hearing rapprochement beyond of sharing of language skills through the transformation of social spaces into learning ones. The current study was conducted in the context of non-formal education, by establishing a multicultural meeting of among, young deaf and hearing people from 18 to 30 years in France, Armenia, Germany and Belarus in 2011. Developing appropriate pedagogical tools, participants have been invited to create their own forms of communication, trying to overcome language barriers, but also the representational and personal ones, in order to overcome relational distances. This study particularly focused on the hearing participant’s personal experience. The analyses lead the researcher to model the observed hearing participant’s experiences of the learning space, in a possible evolution of sense, projected along spatial and temporal tri-dimension – Eros (sensory -emotional) , Logos (socio- cognitive) and Muthos (openness to new self-questioning capacities)
Fabre, Marion. "Analyse du fonctionnement cognitif d’adolescents sourds signeurs dans la pratique de l’écrit et via les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3087.
Full textThis thesis allows us to appreciate the cognitive functioning of deaf college students, speakers of French Sign Language, in their relation to written French. It takes a psycholinguistic approach to learning, using the concepts of bilingualism, cognition, written production and Information and Communication Technologies. A primary study explores various types of written work (SMS, blogs, written school works, note-taking) and shows that deaf students decompose words into sublexical units and adapt to the writing context. A second study of the morphological decomposition of words during a computer training session provides an overview of their performance in the treatment of these units. A final study on note-taking and real-time written production provides information on how students reuse the learning from the training session and their behaviour in the act of writing. An effect of language transfer, or degree of signability, from sign language to French is noticeable. When sublexical decomposition is confusing, the use of orthographic units appears to mask morphological processing. This raises the question of educational training materials and the teaching of writing skills. Spontaneous writing, the contribution of multimedia, and sublexical semantic units for generating automatic gestures in the writing process, appear to be promising avenues
Scarbel, Lucie. "Relations sensori-motrices lors de communication parlée : Application chez les jeunes adultes et séniors normo-entendants et les patients sourds implantés cochléaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS007/document.
Full textSpeech communication can be considered as an interactive process involving afunctional coupling between sensory and motor systems. The aim of this thesis was to test possible perceptuo-motor linkages during both speech perception and production, using distinct behavioral paradigms and populations. The experimental protocol was made of three classic experiments: a first paradigm of close-shadowing, aiming at exploring the partially motor format of audio and audiovisual stimuli; a second paradigm allowing to correlate production and perception of vowels; and a third paradigm of conscious and unconscious imitation of pitch. The experimental protocol was validated with a first group of young hearing adults. The second population studied was composed of elderly normal-hearing participants, in order to evaluate the consequences of both cognitive and linguistic declines. Results allowed us to suggest a functional activation of perceptuo-motor linkage during speech production and perception.The third population we tested comprised post-lingually deaf patients wearing acochlear implant. Our objective was to determine the impact of the sensorial deprivation and the re-learning processes, associated with their implantation, on perceptuo-motor linkages. Unexpectedly, results showed an active sensori-motor relationship in those participants, even shortly after the cochlear implantation. Altogether, our results confirmed the perceptuo-motor nature of speech. Importantly, in spite of degraded performances, these interactions between the sensory and the motor systems during speech production and perception remained functional in both the elderly normal-hearing population and the post-lingually deaf patients, wearing a cochlear implant
Dufour, Joëlle, and Joëlle Dufour. "Intégration scolaire et construction identitaire : regard sur les expériences de jeunes sourds oralistes de la région de Haute-Normandie (France)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26126.
Full textCe mémoire documente les expériences d’intégration sociale et académique de jeunes adultes sourds oralistes de Haute-Normandie, ainsi que leurs perceptions sur leur identité. Il insiste sur l’influence exercée par les premières sur les deuxièmes, en plus de montrer comment les normes sociales et biomédicales orientent les représentations de leur identité et comment, en retour, ces représentations participent à la reproduction de ces normes. Cette étude s’inscrit dans le courant de l’anthropologie du handicap et de la surdité, et s’appuie principalement sur les concepts de stigmate et d’identité sourde. Ses résultats, qui reposent sur 33 entrevues réalisées auprès de jeunes sourds oralistes et de professionnels en surdité, dévoilent que les jeunes sourds oralistes éprouvent d’importantes difficultés scolaires et sociales. Par ailleurs, à travers leur constante recherche de conformité, ceux-ci semblent moins à même de réinterpréter leur surdité de manière positive et, de ce fait, de développer une identité culturelle sourde.
Cabéro, Alain. "Différent, différence et différends : essai anthropologique sur les dissonances de la surdité mal-entendue." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21749/document.
Full textConsidered for many decades as "uneducable" Deaf people had to endure the fierce desire of "hearing" them to speak at all costs. To forget that they were deaf. Without doubt it should consider that deafness is "the handicap of communication," disability is not immediately. Thus, over the years, it seemed necessary to speak to the deaf. Talk to them they can belong to this "normalcy" advocated by hearing oral (Heinicke as in the eighteenth century): "Normality is the voice and speech abnormalities in deafness. " At the same time Father of the Sword recommended method gestures. " Sign language became the nascent frontispiece that deaf claim: The "Deaf Cultural Identity." Currently the law promulgates the "any integration, integration of deaf children in" mainstream " This integration appears to represent a certain danger for the deaf community to urge an attack on the notion of identity. Especially as the myths about deafness are "good". We will see that they do not correspond to reality, as the deaf do not belong to this "world of silence" which is, paradoxically, the lock. On the contrary, they live in a world of sounds, even listen to and make music. And it is they who say, why not heed their words
Morat, Marie Thérèse. "Langage des signes, langage oral : question épistémologique. : Clinique de la rencontre bébé sourd environnement." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20035/document.
Full textHow does a child acquire language whether it finds itself in a deaf environnement or a normal (hearing) one ?That is the question that this clinical psychology thesis inquires.The history of the deaf community through the Middle Ages until today is composed of different ideological positions concerning how language is acquired. Until today, the « phonocentric » position remains preponderant. The deaf person is percieved (apprehended) as a handicapped person who needs to be re-educated. The most sophisticated material, speach therapy sessions, are supposed to make the deaf child speak. Sign language remains the last resort, not really considered as a language, in all senses of the term, when used as education for the deaf child.The deaf baby is most frequently born in a normally hearing environment. Discovery of deafness only occurs around the second semester of the baby’s life. This diagnosis can represent an absolute trauma for normally hearing parents. They often feel betrayed by this « new » baby. The emergency of getting oral re-education started is an attempt to make up for the narcissic wound inflicted on the parents. In this context, there is a great risk that the baby will lose the propping up of the « mirror environment » only to find itself confronted with a feeling of « deprivation ».Deafness represents a different way of being in the world, another way of apprehending and interacting with it. Being deaf to environing noise does not imply being without language. Sign language is an extraordinary human invention which implies changing the paradigm. It questions the problem of communication in general.How does the deaf baby interact with both normally hearing and a deaf environment ? The deaf baby has specific sensoriality which requires a particular relational position on behalf of its normally hearing environment.The video-observation of three mother-deaf baby dyads, from two months old to two years of age, proposes parts of a reply to these questions. Rythm, in the clinical situation of meeting, appears as a fundamental concept concerning the getting together of mother and baby dyad
Malek, Nouria. "La remédiation cognitive intellectuelle et relationnelle chez les enfants sourds et malentendants : étude longitudinale portant sur 10 enfants." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIE0024.
Full textD'Hondt, Murielle. "Spécialisation hémisphérique pour le langage chez la personne à déficience auditive: effet de l'expérience linguistique précoce." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211517.
Full textLegendre, Clara. "Intelligibilité de la parole d'enfants sourds porteurs d'un implant cochléaire unilatéral et d'enfants normo-entendants." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030051.
Full textThis research task falls under the field of clinical phonetics and more particularly raises of the intelligibility of the word of deaf children with cochlear implant and normal-hearing children. The interest of this thesis lies in the comparison of the productions of deaf children with cochlear implant and normal-hearing children, paired in chronological age. We analyze segmental and suprasegmental parameters in production, such as the vowels of standard French and the fricative consonants /f, S, ʃ/, the study of the speech rate of word, the comprehensibility of monosyllabic words with naive listeners, or still the comprehensibility of the semi-spontaneous word. We are also interested in the way in which the productions of the established children cochléaires are perceived by a jury of naive listeners (n=10; average age 37 years). The primary purpose of this work is to highlight the major differences or similarities between the two groups based on the chronological age of the children but also on the age back to the cochlear implant, the rehabilitative monitoring and communication mode. Deaf children with cochlear implants present a quality of the voice and word comparable with that of normal-hearing children of the same chronological age, but non similar age since differences acoustic, segmental and suprasegmental were put ahead. It might be interesting to extend this observation to early implanted children
Charlier, Brigitte. "Le développement des représentations phonologiques chez l'enfant sourd: étude comparative du langage parlé complété avec d'autres outils de communication." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212631.
Full textColin, Stéphanie M. L. "Développement des habiletés phonologiques précoces et apprentissage de la lecture et de l'écriture chez l'enfant sourd: apport du langage parlé complété (LPC)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211137.
Full textDoctorat en sciences psychologiques
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Tranchant, Clarine. "Constructions spatiales et utilisation de l’espace en Langue des signes française." Paris 8, 2011. http://octaviana.fr/document/167604201#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textFor our research, we try to describe exhaustively the linguistic way used in a special field of sign language namely spatiality. The methodology is first to query the data that highlight the spatial constructions in all types of speech and then trying to describe the elements used for the appropriate use of space. The Cuxac’s semiotic model (2000) leads us to distinguish two types of opportunities available to speakers and can say without intending to show and say, pointing. My assumption was to discover whether these two discursive strategies are present at spatial relationships and the use of space in all types of speech. We found two solutions to say in sign language: tell in showing and tell without showing. These possibilities use two types of linguistic means: iconic means with spaced loci (portions of space that I called Oxyi), or standard unit. We believe that sign language questions us on how cognitive and linguistic input in the world. Unlike many authors we do not exclude the role of iconicity presented in sign language, instead it is the organizing principle of language particularly in the field of space
Rannou, Pauline. "Sociolinguistique de la surdité, didactisation de la pluralité linguistique : parcours de parents entendants en France et regards croisés sur la scolarisation des élèves sourds : France - États-Unis." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20045/document.
Full textNewborn screening of deafness, made systematic in maternity since 2014, came to modify considerably the diagnosis and then the announcement to the parents. This research aims to study the representations and the experience of hearing parents of deaf children, from the screening of deafness, to the diagnosis, the announcement, and the "choices" of communication and education. A second component develops the schooling programs in place for deaf children in France, and particularly the Pole for Education for Deaf Youth (PEJS), created in 2017. The PEJS responds to the principle of inclusion in an ordinary environment, by offering the possibility of schooling in accordance with the language choices of the family. Sixty-one interviews were conducted for this research. Half of them with families whose deaf children are between the ages of six and ten, and with deaf adults communicating in sign language and oral-voice. These different testimonies show different experiences and have led us to question the notions of disability, identity, language and culture. The other half concerns educational supervisors and school teachers who welcome deaf students in France and in several states of the United States, from east to west. These interviews and observations provided additional insights into didactic practices for deaf students and led us to suggest ways of adapting teaching methods, described as being poorly developed in France according to several teachers interviewed
Zbakh, Mohammed. "Apports du numérique dans les outils de communication des personnes handicapées : développement d’un dictionnaire inversé : Langue des Signes Françaises -> Français." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080044/document.
Full textDictionaries can be seen as bridges between languages. Recently, They have quickly adapted themselves to new technologies like many other sources of knowledge. Indeed, they have overreach their tradictional look of books, to carry themselves in the new world of the Internet. This development has enabled them to reach new levels of accessibility and responsiveness through the use of different indexing and classification adequate systems. Despite its different structure with vocal language, sign language is no exception on this ground.In this work, we developed an intelligent searching system, able to give the meaning of a sign of the French sign language through different parameters of the sign itself. However, the visual-gestural structure of sign languages poses practical difficulties in the computing implementation of this language. The particularity of its grammar, the fact that it has to be performed in space encouraged us to work on a pragmatic approach, which facilitates access to its vocabulary for anyone interested in French Sign Language.In our experimentation, we set up a web platform of signs search, and then analyzed the requests of users that have been connected to this platform. This analysis led us to identify the parameters necessary to develop a light system that can easily provide the meaning of a sign in French
Bedoin, Diane. "Être sourd et apprendre l'anglais au collège : la signification identitaire de l'apprentissage d'une langue étrangère à l'épreuve d'une enquête ethnographique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H029.
Full textThis work deals with deafness and alterity, body and language. In France, deaf students are required to attend foreign languages classes to learn a third language (other than French and French Sign Language) – mostly English. Thanks to an interactionist approach, we assume that learning a foreign language can influence the perception that deaf students have of themselves and of the others at school. Two questions are raised. Firstly, what are the effects of learning English? It can either help deaf students to be better integrated in the academic system or on the contrary increase their risk of being even more excluded and marginalised. Secondly, what are the boundaries between deaf people and hearing people (as far as signed languages and spoken languages are concerned) and between French people and foreigners (as far as national languages and foreign languages are concerned)? The data were collected through ethnographic fieldwork in several specialised or mainstream secondary schools. Interviews and in-class observations were conducted in order to gather data dealing with discourses, representations but also interactions and practices in foreign language classes. Findings show the complexity of the relationships between deaf young people, foreign languages and foreign cultures. Several case-studies were examined and then combined
Kounakou, Komi. "Littératie médiatique et petite enfance. Appropriation de contenus audiovisuels par des jeunes enfants non-lisants et sourds." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761617.
Full textBayard, Clémence. "Perception de la langue française parlée complétée: intégration du trio lèvres-main-son." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209168.
Full textDans le cadre de cette thèse nous avons cherché à objectiver et caractériser l’intégration labio-manuelle dans la perception de la parole codée. Le poids accordé par le système perceptif aux informations manuelles, d’une part, et aux informations labiales, d’autre part, dépend-il de la qualité de chacune d’entre elles ?Varie-t-il en fonction du statut auditif ?Quand l’information auditive est disponible, comment le traitement de l’information manuelle est-il incorporé au traitement audio-visuel ?Pour tenter de répondre à cette série de questions, cinq paradigmes expérimentaux ont été créés et administrés à des adultes sourds et normo-entendants décodant la LPC.
Les trois premières études étaient focalisées sur la perception de la parole codée sans informations auditives. Dans l’étude n° 1, le but était d’objectiver l’intégration labio-manuelle ;l’impact de la qualité des informations labiales et du statut auditif sur cette intégration a également été investigué. L’objectif de l’étude n° 2 était d’examiner l’impact conjoint de la qualité des informations manuelles et labiales ;nous avons également comparé des décodeurs normo-entendants à des décodeurs sourds. Enfin, dans l’étude n° 3, nous avons examiné, chez des décodeurs normo-entendants et sourds, l’effet de l’incongruence entre les informations labiales et manuelles sur la perception de mots.
Les deux dernières études étaient focalisées sur la perception de la parole codée avec du son. L’objectif de l’étude n°4 était de comparer l’impact de la LPC sur l’intégration AV entre les sourds et les normo-entendants. Enfin, dans l’étude n°5, nous avons comparé l’impact de la LPC chez des décodeurs sourds présentant une récupération auditive faible ou forte.
Nos résultats ont permis de confirmer le véritable ancrage du code LPC sur la parole et de montrer que le poids de chaque information au sein du processus d’intégration est dépendant notamment de la qualité du stimulus manuel, de la qualité du stimulus labial et du niveau de performance auditive.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Walters, Thomas C. "Auditory-based processing of communication sounds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240577.
Full textMcNett, Gabriel Dion. "Noise and signal transmission properties as agents of selection in the vibrational communication environment." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4677.
Full textThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on February 25, 2008) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Bonnifay, Sandrine. "Séparation de sources appliquée aux communications sous-marines." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2020.
Full textAl-Ibrahim, Mohamed Hussain. "Source authentication in group communication." Thesis, Electronic version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/549.
Full textThesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Information and Communication Sciences, Dept. of Computing, 2004.
Bibliography: leaves 163-175.
Introduction -- Cryptographic essentials -- Multicast: structure and security -- Authentication of multicast streams -- Authentication of concast communication -- Authentication of transit flows -- One-time signatures for authenticating group communication -- Authentication of anycast communication -- Authentication of joining operation - Conclusion and future directions.
Electronic publication; full text available in PDF format.
Multicast is a relatively new and emerging communication mode in which a sender sends a message to a group of recipients in just one connection establishment... reducing broadband overhead and increasing resource utilization in the already congested and contented network... The focus of the research in this area has been in two directions: first, building an efficient routing infrastructure, and secondly, building a sophisticated security infrastructure. The focus of this work is on the second issue.
An ideal authenticated multicast environment ... provides authenticity for all the communication operations in the system... We ... propose a comprehensive solution to the problem ... for all its possible operations... 1. one-to-one (or joining mode) 2. one-to-many (or broadcast mode) 3. many-to-one (or concast mode) 4. intermediate (or transit mode) ... We study the ... mode known as anycast, in which a server is selected from a group of servers. Further we develop ... schemes for group-based communication exploiting the distinct features of one-time signatures... cover situations when a threshold number of participants are involved and ... where a proxy signer is required.
Electronic reproduction.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Also available in a print form
Heloir, Alexis. "Système de communication par agent virtuel : aide à la communication des personnes sourdes." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS109.
Full textWalker, Kerry M. M. "The perception and cortical processing of communication sounds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:265a7ee7-48d3-43ec-a0c4-3271d1c3b637.
Full textHunyady, Heather. "Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183.
Full textHarvey, Terrence. "Decision support communication integrating communicative plans from multiple sources to plan messages for a dynamic user and environment /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 232 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251906431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textKatz, Gil. "Détection binaire distribuée sous contraintes de communication." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC001/document.
Full textIn recents years, interest has been growing in research of different autonomous systems. From the self-dring car to the Internet of Things (IoT), it is clear that the ability of automated systems to make autonomous decisions in a timely manner is crucial in the 21st century. These systems will often operate under stricts constains over their resources. In this thesis, an information-theoric approach is taken to this problem, in hope that a fundamental understanding of the limitations and perspectives of such systems can help future engineers in designing them.Throughout this thesis, collaborative distributed binary decision problems are considered. Two statisticians are required to declare the correct probability measure of two jointly distributed memoryless process, denoted by $vct{X}^n=(X_1,dots,X_n)$ and $vct{Y}^n=(Y_1,dots,Y_n)$, out of two possible probability measures on finite alphabets, namely $P_{XY}$ and $P_{bar{X}bar{Y}}$. The marginal samples given by $vct{X}^n$ and $vct{Y}^n$ are assumed to be available at different locations.The statisticians are allowed to exchange limited amounts of data over a perfect channel with a maximum-rate constraint. Throughout the thesis, the nature of communication varies. First, only unidirectional communication is allowed. Using its own observations, the receiver of this communication is required to first identify the legitimacy of its sender by declaring the joint distribution of the process, and then depending on such authentication it generates an adequate reconstruction of the observations satisfying an average per-letter distortion. Bidirectional communication is subsequently considered, in a scenario that allows interactive communication between the participants
Matthews, James. "News sources and perceptual effects : an analysis of source attribution within news coverage of alleged terrorist plots." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2010. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/16207/.
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