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Academic literature on the topic 'Souris (Animal de laboratoire) – Histologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Souris (Animal de laboratoire) – Histologie"
Byrom, B., Suman M. Mahan, and Anthony F. Barbet. "Le développement d’anticorps contre Cowdria ruminantium chez la souris et leur rôle dans la cowdriose." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (1993): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9361.
Full textELSEN, J. M., and J. M. AYNAUD. "Introduction au numéro hors série Encéphalopathies spongiformes transmissibles animales." INRAE Productions Animales 17, HS (2004): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.hs.3613.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Souris (Animal de laboratoire) – Histologie"
Bélanger, Erik. "Développement et utilisation d'une plateforme d'imagerie optique quantitative, multimodale et non linéaire de la moelle épinière chez les animaux vivants." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24192.
Full textOptical microscopy in living animals is a promising research tool for the evolution of neurobiology. Intravital imaging offers a live preview of how individual cells respond to the nervous system damages. Applying in vivo microscopy to a panoply of transgenic mice used with different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases promotes the understanding of the progress of pathologies and the comprehension of how therapies work. It is thus essential to promote the emergence of optical microscopy technologies in living animals because it is a strategy with great potential. Therefore, the project described in this doctoral thesis focuses on the development and use of a microscopy platform for quantitative, multimodal and nonlinear imaging of the spinal cord in living animals. First, we alleviated the polarization dependence of the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal intensity. This strategy makes images more amenable to histological interpretation. With this technique, we studied the histology of myelin in the rat spinal cord. Secondly, we proposed a new image analysis procedure compatible with live animals imaging in order to achieve the histology of myelinated axons. We quantified the demyelination proximal, and remyelination distal to the crush site ex vivo and in vivo respectively. Third, we showed that CARS imaging of the spinal cord in living mice can be achieved with a microendoscope, and this while maintaining compatibility with the two-photon excitation fluorescence signal. Finally, we discuss a digital image processing strategy that reduces imaging artifacts related to movement of the animal. This technique allows the histological study of myelin and the quantification of the motility of microglial cells in their native environment. Ultimately, this thesis demonstrates that in vivo CARS microscopy progresses gradually towards a robust tool for research in neurobiology.
Pezet, Mylène. "Exploration fonctionnelle du système cardiovasculaire de souris invalidées pour le gène de l'élastine (Eln+/- et Eln-/-) : étude au cours du développement et du vieillissement." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10176.
Full textElastin the main component of elastic fibres corners on the blood vessels their elastic properties and is also a key regulator of cellular processes such as proliferation and migration for maintaining vascular homeostasis. 1 humans, hemizygosity of the elastin gene is responsible for an obstructive vascular disease, the supravalvula aortic stenosis, in its isolated form or associated with the Williams-Beuren syndrome. Ln the mouse, total absence of elastin (Eln-l-) leads to a perinatal death, due to the progressive occlusion of the vascular system. On the other hand, the partial deficit of elastin (Eln+/-) does not affect the longevity of the Eln+/- animais, whose arteries however present mechanical and structural deteriorations, characterized by a more rigid wall, but not thickened, containing thinner but numerous elastic lamellas and a sm aller arterial diameter, that are already evident at birth, and lead to an adaptative hypertension. The elastin deficit protects the Eln+/- mice tram several manifestations related to ageing (arterial wall thickening, vasoconstriction alteration) visible in tl Eln+/+ aged mice and on the contrary, accelerates the aging process of 1055 of elasticity and physical integri of the arterial wall, as weil as an alteration of endothelial vasorelaxant function. This study testifies that the cardiovascular function of the adult, like its evolution during ageing and in particular susceptibility to develop cardiovascular pathologies, depend closely on the initial conditions andin particular on the good course of the elastoaenesis
Dubois, Marilyn, and Marilyn Dubois. "Stimulation cérébrale profonde : développement d'un prototype pour étude chez le petit animal." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30960.
Full textLa stimulation cérébrale profonde (SCP) est une procédure chirurgicale utilisée dans le traitement de divers contextes pathologiques. Ce système, composé d’électrodes implantées dans une région cible du cerveau et d’un neurostimulateur reliés par un fil, permet de délivrer un courant électrique dans une région voulue du cerveau. À ce jour, les mécanismes d’action de la SCP et les effets cellulaires qu’elle engendre demeurent mal connus. Cette problématique découle du fait qu’il existe peu de prototypes de micro-stimulation dans le domaine de la recherche, sans compter que ceux-ci ne répondent pas bien aux critères de cette recherche. Mes travaux de maîtrise visaient donc à développer un système de microstimulation pouvant être utilisé chez la souris et de développer et valider toutes les techniques nécessaires à l’implantation de ce système chez la souris. Au terme de ces travaux, nous avons développé un système de micro-stimulation : 1) utilisable chez la souris 2) pour des protocoles de stimulation chronique de longue durée (jusqu’à 1 mois), 3) possédant des paramètres électriques, semblables à ceux utilisés chez l’humain en clinique, 4) pouvant être ajustés à différents contextes pathologiques. Nous avons aussi développé toutes les techniques nécessaires à son implantation chez la souris. Cet outil novateur permettra d’approfondir notre connaissance des mécanismes d’action et des mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents aux effets de la SCP et pourra mener, à long terme, à l’identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies. This system, composed of electrodes implanted in a target area in the brain and of a neurostimulator connected by a wire, allows the delivery of an electrical current in a specific area in the brain. To this day, mechanisms of action and cellular effects resulting from DBS remain poorly understood because of a lack of micro-stimulation tools available in the domain and by the fact that these tools do not properly address requirements of this research. To address this challenge, the objectives of my master’s research were to develop a micro-stimulation system usable in mice and to develop and validate required techniques to make this system work in small-sized rodents. Through this study, we have developed a micro-stimulation system that is : 1) usable in mice, 2) able to sustain a long term chronic stimulation (up to 1 month), 3) similar to those used in human in terms of electrical parameters and 4) offering the possibility of adjusting those parameters to various pathological contexts. We also developed the required techniques for its use in mice. This novel tool will allow to deepen our knowledge on the mechanisms of action and cellular mechanisms underlying DBS effects and possibly lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Fhayli, Wassim. "Evaluation de l'action de traitements chroniques par l'extrait d'aneth ou le minoxidil en tant que nouvelles pharmacothérapies antivieillissement du système cardiovasculaire chez la souris." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV039/document.
Full textElastic fibers, primarily composed of elastin (90%), endow the blood vessels with the mechanical properties of elasticity and resilience, which are essential to their function. Elastin is synthesized as a precursor, tropoelastin, only from the late stages of gestation until late childhood. During physiological aging, increased elastolytic activity, aortic calcification and protein glycation are the main mechanisms of elastic fibers degradation and, thereafter, arterial rigidity. In this work, we investigated the impact of chronic treatment (3 months) with dill extract (5% or 10% v/v) or with minoxidil (120 mg/L) -in drinking water- on elastin production in vivo and structure and function of elastic arteries (abdominal and ascending aorta) of adult (6-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) male and female mice. Treatment with dill extract re-induced the elastic fiber formation in both adult and aged mice. However, treatment with minoxidil induced elastic fiber formation in aged mice only. Both treatments preserved elastic lamella integrity by reducing their age-related disruptions. Extracellular matrix protein quantification revealed that chronic treatment with dill extract or minoxidil increase desmosine (elastin) levels in the arterial wall of female mice, whereas in male mice, only dill extract slightly increases the desmosine level. Regarding the blood vessel biomechanics, both treatments enhanced aortic distensibility, especially in female mice. Moreover, treatment with dill extract reversed the age-related cardiac hypertrophy only in male mice. Our results suggest that dill extract and minoxidil have potential anti-aging effects on the cardiovascular system. Both products may be of interest to subsequent clinical trials to confirm their effects in human beings
Landry-Truchon, Kim. "Étude du rôle tissu-spécifique des gènes Hoxa5 et Yy1 dans le développement du système respiratoire de la souris." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26542.
Full textHox genes encode transcription factors governing complex developmental processes including the anteroposterior patterning of the embryo axis, the specification of the axial and appendicular skeletons as well as the formation of the nervous system and several organs. In the respiratory system, the role of Hoxa5 is critical since the loss of Hoxa5 function causes death at birth of a high proportion of mutant pups due to respiratory distress. HOXA5 protein expression in the mesenchyme of the respiratory tract and in the phrenic motor neurons of the central nervous system led us to address the specific contribution of Hoxa5 in each component to lung development. Using a conditional gene targeting approach, we demonstrated that the genetic ablation of Hoxa5 function in the mesenchyme established the importance of Hoxa5 in trachea development, lung epithelial cell differentiation and lung growth. In parallel, the specific deletion of Hoxa5 in motor neurons resulted in abnormal innervation of the diaphragm, altered diaphragm musculature and lung hypoplasia which are responsible for the neonatal lethality observed in null mutants. Thus, this confirms that a defective diaphragm mainly contributes to impair survival at birth. Hoxa5 expression is under the control of many regulatory elements, one of which is responsible for Hoxa5 expression in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional zinc-finger-containing transcription factor that plays crucial roles in numerous biological processes by selectively activating or repressing transcription, depending upon promoter contextual differences and specific protein interactions. We have shown that YY1 regulates Hoxa5 expression in the lung by binding to the lung-specific regulating sequence. However, the mesenchymal loss of Yy1 function causes a lung phenotype similar to the one observed in Hoxa5-/- mutants including neonatal mortality. We then studied how the epithelial-specific inactivation of Yy1 impacts on lung development. The Yy1 epithelial mutation resulted in neonatal death due to respiratory failure. It impaired tracheal cartilage formation, altered cell differentiation, abrogated lung branching and caused airway dilation similar to that seen in human congenital cystic lung diseases, such as the pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB). Together, our data demonstrate the crucial requirement for YY1 in lung morphogenesis and identify Yy1 mutant mice as a potential model for studying the genetic basis of PPB.
Cocquempot, Olivier. "Invalidation du gène Gasp1 et étude de sa fonction chez la souris." Limoges, 2010. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7cd780e3-7411-4300-b87e-0c87aa0632e4/blobholder:0/2010LIMO4002.pdf.
Full textGenetic mechanisms of myogenesis concern many research projects. Among recent progresses, the identification of the role of myostatin has opened a new way to create new therapeutics for several myopathies. Variants of Gdf8, gene coding for myostatin, were discovered. Myostatin amount are controlled by several mechanisms. Thus Gasp1 is able to link with the myostatin or the myostatin propeptide. It has been shown that Gasp1 controls the proteolytic cleavage necessary to obtain the active form of myostatin. During my thesis, I knock-out the Gasp1 gene in the mouse, and to get better inside into the molecular mechanisms controlling myostatin rates in muscles. Moreover, Gasp1 expression has been studied during embryogenesis and myogenesis
Parks, Alexandre. "Déterminants de la distribution subcellulaire et tissulaire de médicaments cationiques lysosomotropiques et leur effet antiprolifératif." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27210.
Full textAoidi, Rifdat. "Étude du rôle de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement embryonnaire chez la souris." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27476.
Full textLes mammifères possèdent deux MAP kinases kinases (MEK1 et MEK2), impliquées dans l’activation de la voie ERK/MAPK essentielle pour la différenciation, la prolifération et la survie cellulaire. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était de déterminer si les fonctions des kinases MEK1 et MEK2 sont redondantes durant le développement embryonnaire. Les souris Mek1-/- meurent à mi-gestation d’une malformation du placenta. Les souris Mek2-/- ne présentent aucun phénotype majeur, suggérant que ces deux protéines ont des rôles différents. Cependant, la plupart des mutants Mek1+/-Mek2+/- meurent pendant la gestation d’un sous-développement du placenta, indiquant que Mek1 et Mek2 ont chacun un rôle dans le développement des tissus extraembryonnaires. À ce jour aucune évidence claire ne permet de statuer sur la redondance fonctionnelle de MEK1 et MEK2. Afin de vérifier la spécificité fonctionnelle de Mek1 et Mek2, nous avons généré au laboratoire un allèle « knockin », exprimant l’ADNc de Mek2 sous contrôle du locus Mek1 (Mek12). L’analyse de ces souris a révélé la redondance fonctionnelle entre MEK1 et MEK2. L’analyse de combinaisons alléliques de Mek a démontré qu’une expression minimale de protéines MEK est cruciale pour le développement embryonnaire et la survie. Le second objectif de cette thèse était de caractériser les mutants Mp1. Les protéines d’échafaudage permettent de moduler l’activité de la voie ERK/MAPK et facilitent la transmission rapide du signal. Parmi les protéines d’échafaudage connues, seule MP1 (Mek Partner 1) a été identifiée comme étant un partenaire spécifique de MEK1 et ERK1. Cette spécificité suggère que MP1 pourrait contribuer à la différence d’activation de MEK1 et MEK2 en spécifiant le signal qui passe par Mek1. Afin d’étudier le rôle de Mp1 au cours du développement chez la souris, nous avons généré des souris Mp1-/-. L’analyse de ces mutants indique que le gène Mp1 est essentiel pour la survie et que sa fonction est nécessaire suite à la post-implantation. La dérégulation de la voie ERK/MAPK dans le développement chez l’homme a aussi des conséquences phénotypiques. Au cours des dernières années, une classe de syndromes a été caractérisée : Les « Rasophaties ». Ces syndromes partagent des caractéristiques communes qui sont, une mutation dans des gènes de la voie ERK/MAPK, une dysmorphologie cranio-faciale, des malformations cardiaques et cutanées ainsi qu’un retard mental. Parmi les mutations de la voie ERK/MAPK qui ont été identifiées, une mutation ponctuelle dans le gène Mek1 (Mek1Y130C) cause le syndrome Cardio-Facio-Cutané (CFC). Le dernier objectif de cette thèse était de générer un modèle animal pour le CFC portant la mutation Mek1Y130C. Les souris portant l’allèle Mek1Y130C présentent les phénotypes associés au CFC (i.e sténose pulmonaire, dysmorphologie cranio-faciale et défauts neurologiques).
Mammals possess two MAP kinase kinase (MEK1 and MEK2), involved in ERK/MAPK pathway. This pathway is essential for proliferation, differentiation and cell survival. The first objective of my thesis was to determinate if MEK1 and MEK2 kinases are redundant during embryonic development. Mek1-/- mice die at embryonic day E10.5 due to placental defects, whereas Mek2-/- mice survive with a normal lifespan suggesting that MEK1 possesses functions not shared by MEK2. However, most Mek1+/-Mek2+/- embryos also die from placental defects, indicating that both Mek genes contribute to placental development. To date, no clear evidence on MEK1 and MEK2 redundancy has been provided. To assess the functional specificity of the Mek1 and Mek2 genes, we produced a Mek1-knockin allele in which the Mek2 coding sequences were placed under the control of Mek1 regulatory sequences. Analyzing these mice allowed us to demonstrate that MEK1 and MEK2 can substitute for each other and that a minimal amount of MEK is critical for placenta development and embryo survival. The second objective of my thesis was to characterize Mp1 mutants. Scaffold proteins modulate MAPK pathway by providing spatial and temporal specificity. Among known ERK/MAPK scaffold proteins, only MP1 (Mek Partner 1) is specific to MEK1 and ERK1, raising the question of the specificity of MP1 in the regulation of ERK/MAPK pathway via MEK1. In order to investigate Mp1 function in vivo, we generated Mp1 knock-out mice. Analyzing these mice enable us to suggest that Mp1 is required for embryonic development and is essential during post-implantation. Deregulation of Ras/MAPK pathway also causes developmental phenotypes in human. During the last decade, a new class of syndromes, which share common phenotypes such as mutations in Ras/MAPK pathway, cranio-facial dysmorphology, cardiac and cutaneous malformations and neurological delay has been described and named Rasophaties. Among the DNA mutations found in rasopathies, the Mek1 mutation, Mek1Y130C, causes cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (CFC). The last objective of my thesis was to generate a mouse model of CFC, with the Mek1Y130C mutation. I found that mice carrying the Mek1Y130C mutation partially recapitulate CFC syndrome (i.e pulmonary stenosis, crani-facial dysmophia and neurological defects).
Laborit, Labrada Beisy. "Inhibition of dedifferentiation in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro to generate a functional hepatic study model." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69373.
Full textObesity and its related pathologies insulin resistance, type 2 Diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are becoming one of the major health hazards of modern world. The liver is a major organ in the control of body glucose homeostasis. Nowadays, hepatoma cell lines are in vitro study models available to further study liver physiology. Unfortunately, protein expression and functions in these cells differ from the in vivo reality. Primary hepatocytes are an attractive platform in the study of metabolic diseases because they retain most in vivo hepatic functions. A fundamental limitation of the culture of primary mouse hepatocytes is the metabolic decline taking place after isolation in these cells. Within few days isolated primary cells dedifferentiate into an inferior cell lineage losing specific functions and changing gene expression. Here, we studied primary mouse hepatocytes in culture in the presence of small molecules that modulate specific pathways related to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a process leading to dedifferentiation in isolated primary mouse hepatocytes. We found that small chemical inhibitors of cytoskeletal changes partially preserved the expression of some hepatic and epithelial markers such as albumin, Zonula-1 and occludin. Furthermore, our results revealed that primary mouse hepatocytes in culture lost the response to insulin but maintained the response to glucagon on gluconeogenesis although the values decreased after 7 days in culture compared to day 1. Taken together, our results suggest that reducing mechanical tension by inhibiting cytoskeletal remodeling could be a way to follow to generate a functional in vitro model of long-term primary mouse hepatocytes to study metabolic diseases.
Josset, Nicolas. "Functional contribution of the mesencephalic locomotor region to locomotion." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30430.
Full textBecause it is natural and easy to walk, it could seem that this act is produced as easily as it is accomplished. On the contrary, locomotion requires an intricate and complex neural interaction between the supraspinal, spinal and peripheric neurons to obtain a locomotion that is smooth and adapted to the environment. The Mesencephalic Locomotor Region (MLR) is a supraspinal brainstem locomotor center that has the particular role of initiating locomotion and inducing a transition between locomotor gaits. However, although this region was initially identified as the cuneiform nucleus (CnF), a cluster of glutamatergic neurons, and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), a cluster of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurons, its anatomical correlate is still a matter of debate. And while it is proven that, either under MLR stimulation or in order to increase locomotor speed, most quadrupeds exhibit a wide range of locomotor gaits from walk, to trot, to gallop, the exact range of locomotor gaits in the mouse is still unknown. Here, using kinematic analysis we first decided to identify to assess locomotor gaits C57BL/6 mice. Based on the symmetry of the gait and the inter-limb coupling, we identified and characterized 8 gaits during locomotion displayed through a continuum of locomotor frequencies, ranging from walk to trot and then to gallop with various sub-types of gaits at the slowest and highest speeds that appeared as attractors or transitional gaits. Using graph analysis, we also demonstrated that transitions between gaits were not random but entirely predictable. Then we decided to analyze and characterize the functional contributions of the CnF and PPN’s neuronal populations to locomotor control. Using transgenic mice expressing opsin in either glutamatergic (Glut) or cholinergic (CHAT) neurons, we photostimulated (or photoinhibited) glutamatergic neurons of the CnF or PPN or cholinergic neurons of the PPN. We discovered that glutamatergic CnF neurons initiate and modulate the locomotor pattern, and accelerate the rhythm, while glutamatergic and cholinergic PPN neurons decelerate it. By initiating, modulating, and accelerating locomotion, our study identifies and characterizes distinct neuronal populations of the MLR. Describing and defining thoroughly the MLR seems all the more urgent since it has recently become a target for spinal cord injury and Parkinson’s disease treatment.
Books on the topic "Souris (Animal de laboratoire) – Histologie"
International Symposium of Tissue Engineering for Therapeutic Use (4th 1999 Kyoto, Japan). Tissue engineering for therapeutic use 4: Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Tissue Engineering for Therapeutic Use, Kyoto, 23-24th September 1999. Edited by Ikada Yoshito 1935- and Shimizu Yoshihiko. Elsevier, 2000.
J, Hedrich Hans, and Bullock Gillian R, eds. The laboratory mouse. Elsevier Academic Press, 2004.
Laboratory Mouse. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.
(Editor), V. S. Turusov, and U. Mohr (Editor), eds. Pathology of Tumours in Laboratory Animals: Volume II: Tumours of the Mouse (I a R C Scientific Publication). 2nd ed. IARC Scientific Publications, 1994.
S, Turusov V., and Mohr U, eds. Tumours of the mouse. 2nd ed. International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1994.
Tissue Engineering for Therapeutic Use 4. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 2000.