Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sous-développement'
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Chendjovo, Emile. "Le sous-développement volontaire : enquête sur les causes endogènes du sous-développement." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040461.
Full textBarry, Abdoulaye M. "L' Intelligence du Développement, une analyse du "sous-développement durable"." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10001.
Full textIf globalization is not a novelty, the third millennium one has a worldwide challenge for peace keeping and stability around, after two World Wars embodied in the XXth century. The interdependence between nations has never so much been revealed, for the political and economical disturbance of breeding insecurity underlies dire poverty. The research project deals with a current topic concerning the majority of mankind, namely poverty control targeted at the Third-World underdevelopment. The research objective aims at designing conceptual tools crafted for helping with the complex management of development aid. To this endeavour, cooperative programs are scrutinized through Economic Intelligence (EI) with the cross section of management and communication sciences. Via interdisciplinary process, molecular biology allows investigation to proceed towards Development Intelligence (DI), applicable to the North South systemic relationship among recursive forces. The double helix operating pattern by pair shows the information flow through S-C-P analysis around developed and developing countries, regarding distribution of productive resources. Information management is no longer at stake; DI holds management by information on its ground to tackle sustainable underdevelopment. Based on corporate EI, it fits into International and Local Development schemes as International and Local Development Intelligence (ILDI)
Polo, Nakpa. "Administration et sous-développement au Togo." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL20005.
Full textWhen togo attained juridical independence, political and administrative institutions have followed the general tendency of african governments : prevalence of the president of the republic and concentration of the political power, centralization of political and administrative power, overlapping of the party structres and the administration structures. This confusion of structures supports the badadministrations and the underdevelopment. Indeed, centralized and excessive in towns, this administration is yet absent in the rural lands where it is more needed. So, unadapted and ineffective, the administration in togo is unable to satisfy the needs of the society. Moreover, by its bad running and its high cost, it prevents the develpment
Gazzah, Ahmed El. "La sous-traitance internationale enjeu de développement." Paris 13, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA131010.
Full textBoyé, François. "Pour une modélisation macroéconomique du sous-développement." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100087.
Full textThoral, Claudia. "Développement galénique de probiotiques conditionnés sous forme comprimés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114827.
Full textOne of the main issues in the development of biological products, such as probiotics, is the impact of the manufacturing process on the strain of interest. Maintaining therapeutic activity is of great interest for the expected beneficial effect and work has even optimized the properties of the Lcr35® strain through the manufacturing process. Therefore, all process stages leading to the final product are steps that can alter the characteristics of the bacterial strain.Compression is recognized in some publications as being a step which eliminates bacterial contaminations present for example in the excipients. For the development of new probiotic products, compression has also been described as negative for bacterial viability. These data are therefore a negative a priori on development of probiotic products in the tablet form. Conversely, this dosage form is known to improve the half-Life of products and improve the stability of bacteria in gastric environment. However, no comprehensive study of the properties of a probiotic strain after compression was done. Nevertheless, to establish a marketing authorization, all the properties of the strain must be checked on the final product.This work has proposed a review of the main properties of the Lcr35® strain after compression. First of all, the initial loss of viability as a function of compression pressure was studied experimentally and was modeled by a first order law. It allows us to anticipate the loss of viability of a strain depending on the formulation and compression conditions. Furthermore, the genetic profile and the profile of gene expression have not been changed due to the compression step. We also noticed that the inhibition properties of the pathogen C. albicans growth and acid resistance of the strain are maintained. Resistance to gastric pH is also enhanced by a phenomenon of mechanical protection against the environment.According to the data of stability under ICH conditions, the viability of the compressed Lcr35® strain is not affected by the compression. Stability data have therefore been modeled by the Arrhenius equation to obtain a reliable model for predicting the stability data from accelerated conditions (40°C). In a QbD approach to pharmaceutical development, these data serve as a basis of comparison for the characterization of developing formulations where parameters such as the culture environment, the drying method, the strain or the galenic form can be changed. This global characterization of Lcr35® strain after compression has set aside the negative a priori against the compression of bacteria. This work helped to understand, characterize and model aspects linked to probiotics compression. They are an essential prerequisite for the development of a new probiotic product in the form of a tablet. Following a further development step, they also helped to lead to the first product in the tablet form, marketed by the company Probionov : Gynophilus® LP (vaginal administration). These compression data considerably broaden the field of development of probiotics. Indeed, this form is a considerable advantage in terms of stability but more importantly, the tablet form involves many development opportunities: gastro-Resistant, effervescent, multi-Layered tablets, etc. Through this technology, a more targeted administration of the strain such as up to the colon may be considered to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the probiotic strains. The ultimate goal is to be able to decrease the dosage of treatment while improving observance of the treatment and the patient comfort
Rouxel, Baptiste. "Développement d’aciers austénitiques avancés résistant au gonflement sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10187/document.
Full textIn the framework of studies about Sodium Fast Reactors (SFR) of generation IV, the CEA is developing new austenitic steel grades for the fuel cladding. These steels demonstrate very good mechanical properties but their use is limited because of the void swelling under irradiation. Beyond a high irradiation dose, cavities appear in the alloys and weaken the material. The reference material in France is a 15Cr/15Ni steel, named AIM1, stabilized with titanium. This study try to understand the role played by various chemical elements and microstructural parameters on the formation of the cavities under irradiation, and contribute to the development of a new grade AIM2 more resistant to swelling. In an analytical approach, model materials were elaborated with various chemical compositions and microstructures. Ten grades were casted with chemical variations in Ti, Nb, Ni and P. Four specific microstructures for each alloy highlighted the effect of dislocations, solutes or nano-precipitates on the void swelling. These materials were characterized using TEM and SANS, before irradiation with Fe2+ (2 MeV) ions in the order to simulate the damages caused by neutrons. Comparing the irradiated microstructures, it is demonstrated that the solutes have a dominating effect on the formation of cavities. Specifically titanium in solid solution reduces the swelling whereas niobium does not show this effect. Finally, a matrix enriched by 15% to 25% of nickel is still favorable to limit swelling in these advanced austenitic stainless steels
Thieury, Margaux. "Développement de métamatériaux super-absorbants pour l’acoustique sous-marine." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS004.
Full textThe constant evolution of sonar performance requires new designs of absorbent coatings for underwater acoustics. Such coatings are used to improve stealth of submarines but can also improve the efficiency of on-board detection systems. Bubble meta-screens (reminiscent of the so-called Alberich coatings) are a possible solution to tackle this issue. A bubble meta-screen consists of a periodic distribution of sub-wavelength air cavities trapped in a visco-elastic matrix. The cavities acoustically behave as bubbles and exhibit a low frequency resonance, known as the Minnaert resonance. Under certain conditions, the meta-screen can achieve a total absorption when placed in front of a perfect reflector. This doctoral work allowed us to build a phenomenological model, validated by numerical simulations and experiments, which can predict the reflection and transmission coefficients of the meta screen as a function of its geometric and rheological characteristics. Our model takes into account the influence of the temperature and static pressure on the performance of a meta-screen, as well as the role played by the shape of the cavities
Pilaev, Martin. "Développement de vaccins sous-unitaires contre le métapneumovirus humain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32639.
Full textThe human metapneumovirus has been first isolated in 2001 despite its circulation in the human population for more than 70 years. HMPV is the third leading cause of children hospitalisations associated with acute respiratory tract infections. Complications occur commonly in young children, the elderly and the immunocompromised. To this day, no vaccine has been licensed for use against hMPV. In recent years, the F protein, considered the most immunodominant antigen, has been the target of many pre-clinical vaccine trials. The discovery, for RSV, that a prefusion bound F protein is more immunogenic than post-fusion has encouraged new vaccination approaches. Based on this discovery, the aim of this project is the development of a prefusion bound F-hMPV subunit vaccine and testing its potency to protect the BALB/C model. Following challenge, no significant difference between potentially prefusion bound proteins and wild type protein was observed. Immunisation trials revealed the necessity of adding an adjuvant, alum in this case, to elicit an immune response in mice. Neutralizing antibodies were observed with F-hMPV vaccines containing the alum adjuvant. Post-immunisation challenge trials revealed reduction of lung viral replication below detection levels and persisting inflammation. Weight loss was not affected by vaccination, but animals immunised with adjuvanted F-hMPV proteins exhibited better physical condition and no signs of disease such as diminished activity and ruffed fur. F-hMPV vaccines without alum exhibited some characteristics of enhanced disease (no neutralizing antibodies; affected physical condition) and require further analysis. Enhanced disease was not observed in the F-hMPV adjuvanted groups despite higher Th2/Th1 ratios with adjuvanted proteins . None of the vaccines tested were able to fully protect the mouse model upon challenge. Vaccines developed in this study will be useful in future trials and could be tested with other adjuvants or vaccination strategies.
Yamani, Nezha. "Politique économique et piège du sous-développement au Maroc." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697235.
Full textNico, Thibaut. "Étude et développement de solutions de relocalisation d'objets sous-marins par des véhicules sous-marins hétérogènes." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENTA0005.
Full textIn the Mine Counter Measure (MCM) context in the underwater environment, it is vital to revisit some potentially dangerous objects to identify and neutralize them if they are actually mines. This dangerous task was usually performed by humandivers but more and more it is conducted by unmanned underwater robots. Due to the low cost design of the revisit/mine-killer robot, going straightforward to the geolocalized suspicious object does not guarantee that the robot will redetect it.Moreover the robot may dive at a far position from the target and the lack of absolute positioning system in underwater environment demands a strategy to follow to guarantee the revisit of this target. Based on a priori information in the working area and especially the presence of geolocalized landmarks, the problem is solved as a motion planning problem considering uncertainties due to the increasing error when navigating underwater. In the context of bounded errors, the problem is solved in a set-membership manner. Firstly, based on the location and the shape of the landmarks, and on the visibility area of the sensor embedded, the registration maps are computed indicating the sets of robot poses to detect the different landmarks considered in order to reduce the uncertainty on the robot position. Secondly, based on a parametric motion model with uncertain parameters, an high level strategy is provided through a raph optimization. The strategy consists in navigating between the registration maps toreduce each times the uncertainty in position of therobot and finally to guarantee the reachability of agoal area corresponding to the redetection of the target
Abdelaziz, Salih. "Développement d'un système robotique pour la radiologie interventionnelle sous IRM." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801844.
Full textDurand, Laurence. "Développement et formulations de produits solaires conditionnés sous forme d'aérosol." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210131.
Full textDans un premier temps, le travail a consisté à développer des nouvelles formulations de produits solaires contenant des concentrations élevées en filtres UV, conditionnées sous forme d’aérosol, celles-ci valables pour le marché européen. Une émulsion E/H et une émulsion E/Si ont donc été réalisées. Elles contenaient au final 27% de filtres UV pour l’émulsion E/H et 16,5% de filtres UV pour l’émulsion E/Si, dont 4% de filtres inorganiques pour les deux types d’émulsion. Leur viscosité était de 6800 mPa.s pour l’émulsion E/H et de 2800 mPa.s pour l’émulsion E/Si. Ces formulations étaient stables lorsqu’elles étaient conservées pendant 2 mois à 40°C et également lorsqu’elles subissaient 5 cycles de température entre 5°C et 40°C. La mise en aérosol de ces émulsions a nécessité l’utilisation de 22% de gaz propulseur (mélange :butane, propane, isobutane).
La taille des gouttelettes étant un paramètre important de la caractérisation des aérosols pour le choix des matériaux à utiliser ainsi que pour sécurité afin d’éviter toute inhalation pulmonaire, l’influence de différents éléments sur celle-ci a été étudiée. Nous avons ainsi montré que la concentration en gaz, la viscosité, la présence ou non de filtres inorganiques ainsi que le choix des valves et diffuseurs utilisés jouent un rôle dans la taille des gouttelettes émises, celle-ci ne pouvant pas être inférieure à 30 µm de diamètre. La taille des gouttelettes émises était supérieure à 50 µm avec pas plus de 0.1% ayant une taille inférieure à 10 µm et maximum 25% des gouttelettes ayant une taille comprise entre 10 et 30 µm.
Les produits formulés contenaient de grandes quantités en filtres solaires, organiques et inorganiques (27% pour l’émulsion E/H et 16,6% pour l’émulsion E/Si), il était donc important de vérifier qu’aucun des filtres présents dans les émulsions ne passaient à travers la peau lors de l’application des produits solaires. En effet, ceux-ci doivent rester à la surface de l’épiderme afin de maintenir l’efficacité des produits solaires et d’éviter des effets néfastes systémiques éventuels en pénétrant la peau. Une étude in vitro utilisant de la peau humaine excisée et des cellules de diffusion de Franz nous a permis de constater que les filtres inorganiques présents dans les formulations restaient en surface de la peau, et seulement deux des filtres organiques (l’EMC et MBBT) présentaient un potentiel de pénétration cutanée négligeable et non nocif pour la santé humaine (maximum 1,21 µg/ml/cm2 pour EMC et maximum 0,14 µg/ml/cm2 pour MBBT). De plus, après 24 h d’expérience, plus de 50% des filtres restaient à la surface de la peau, ce qui permettait de maintenir l’efficacité des produits solaires. Afin de mener à bien cette étude, des méthodes analytiques pour l’analyse simultanée des filtres solaires organiques d’une part, par CLHP (Chromatographie Liquide Haute Performance), et inorganiques d’autre part, par ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry), ont été mises au point et validées.
Une étude in vivo non invasive, basée sur le prélèvement des couches successives du stratum corneum, a été réalisée par la suite. Cette dernière a été effectuée par la méthode du « tape stripping », qui utilise des disques adhésifs rigides, et sur 9 volontaires pendant une période de 8 h. Elle a permis de confirmer les résultats obtenus avec la méthode in vitro. Une bonne corrélation entre ces deux types d’étude a été observée.
Enfin, la dernière partie du travail a porté sur l’EMC, un des filtres organiques utilisé dans la plupart des produits solaires mis sur le marché et dans les émulsions E/H et E/Si formulées. Ce filtre présente une sensibilité à la lumière et aux rayons UV. L’encapsulation lipidique de celui-ci a donc été envisagée afin de produire des nanoparticules dont la matrice lipidique a pour but de protéger l’EMC contre une dégradation causée par les rayons UV. Trois lipides différents ont été investigués et ont montré des résultats positifs de protection vis-à-vis des rayonnements UV. En effet, après 2 h d’irradiation par les UV, une perte d’efficacité de 30% de l’EMC pur a été observée contre 10% à 21% pour l’EMC encapsulé par les différents lipides. De plus, les nanoparticules n’ont pas montré de potentiel d’augmentation de pénétration cutanée de l’EMC.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mengho, Bonaventure Maurice. "Campagnes et villes du Congo septentrional : sous-développement et marginalité." Bordeaux 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR30004.
Full textZaman, Nasima. "Le développement politique du Bangladesh sous les différents régimes politiques." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010285.
Full textBangladesh emerged as an independent state from the former united pakistan in 1971, in which instutional evolution was unbalanced. This had a serious effect on the political development of bangladesh. In her short history,bangladesh has experienced with a variety of political systems. But the level of political institutionalization was very low. Thus the institutions (political parties,parliamentary form of government etc. . . . )which were formed under the regime of sheikh mujibur rahman,could not acquire much value and stability. The political system functionned according to the wishes of a person and not to the institutions. The political and economic conditions deteriorated. Factionalism beleaguered the political parties, the bureaucracy,and the armed forces. So, there was a loss of credibility during the regime of the awami liague. It's "second revolution" could not improve the wretched conditiond of the country. Consequently,sheikh mujib-the leader and liberator of bangladesh, was assassinated in august 1975. The civil and military bureaucracies were more active than the political parties,and the armed forces had filled the institutional vacuum through political means. Ziaur rahman-the military leader, legitimatized his power by means of presidential and legislative elections. He provided bangladesh with a measure of political certainty it had not seen before. Five years of stable government had seemed to be the beginning of a successful political experiment. But he was also assassinated like sheikh mujib, which proves that the politics is too factionalin bangladesh. Thus,the top leadership which had unified the bengali masses during the liberation struggle,was no longer present to guide the people in the task of nation-building. So, there is a crisis of leadership in bangladesh which apprehends her political development
Andriambololo-Nivo, Vololonihary Blandine. "Transports - Domination capitaliste et sous-développement : le cas de Madagascar." Aix-Marseille 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24003.
Full textPutting clearness historic and economic role of transports in underdevelopped countries. Transports are considered as taking a prominent part in the setting up and the domination of capitalism production mode. The structuration of underdevelopment countries which is putting clearness, is the one of articulation of mode production: articulation between traditionnal production mode, with local capitalism production mode, and then mundial. Articulation conditioned materially by the transports, this structuration favours economic dependance and extraversion. It also accentuates disparity between the different territories, opening the way to the problems of underdevelopment. Transports in conditioning materially this structuration of underdeveloped countries, we can so consider direct contribitien by the transport, of underdevelopment
Kalaky, Setula Barthélemy. "Les facteurs de sous-développement (ou de développement négatif) au Congo-Zaïre de 1960 à 1990." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2258.
Full textAbboud, Youssef. "Développement d’un macroélément pour l’étude des fondations superficielles sous charge sismique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1010/document.
Full textThis PhD work concerns the elaboration of a method to verify the seismic sustainability of shallow foundations considering 2011 seismic zoning of France. It is a part of a research contract between EDF CEIDRE and IFSTTAR.To this end, a macroelement based model is developed in order to assess nonlinear soil structure interaction. The elastoplastic formulation of the macroelement constitutive model is compliant with the classical plasticity theory. The formulations for the plastic mechanisms are inspired from the applied standard (Eurocodes 7 & 8). The rate dependent response and the effects of the embedment and the soil inertia efforts are taken into account. The parameters for the constitutive model are defined from laboratory or field tests, or calibrated from static finite element method simulations. The calculation cost is significantly reduced due to the simplified modelling of the soil and its non linearities. Another advantage is that the macroelement based tool is formulated in terms of generalized variables (forces and displacements): this promotes its application in the verification of the sustainability of shallow foundations (bearing capacity, sliding, overturning, settlements, translations, rotations and distortions).The macroelement is implemented in the Finite Element software CESAR LCPC. It allows to simulate the static and the seismic behaviour of a shallow foundation. Three alternative approaches to assess SSI through this model are possible. These alternative approaches are explained and tested under static and seismic load.Then, it is used to perform parametric studies involving various input motions derived from earthquake recordings. The seismic response of a simple structure is studied with respect to the input motion key parameters.Finally, the static and seismic behaviour of a real structure is analysed. The structure is founded on a large raft foundation laying on a multi-layered soil. The seismic hazard is defined by five 0.4 g-PGA accelerograms. Verification to the applied standards is performed on the base of the simulation results, considering many features of the seismic behaviour
MʾKacher, Moncef. "Accumulation du capital, organisation de l'espace et sous-développement en Tunisie." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010550.
Full textKoundoul, Issa. "Les télécommunications en Afrique : du sous développement à la libéralisation économique." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0022.
Full textThe globalization of the economy made it possible to reduce the tariff barriers and sometimes, to completely destroy the national borders vis-a-vis the trade. Since Uruguay Round, services which, formerly, escaped this movement, will be the subject of projects of reform on the scale of the States. The changes occurred in telecommunications reached a dimension and an extent ever equalized. Thus, the sector will know a multilateral agreement within the framework of the World Trade Organization for it's progressive liberalization. In the developing countries, these major changes will involve a reorganization on the legal level, the lawful one and the institutional one. The characterized under development of African States and known poverty their populations, calls so that a necessary adequacy and fragile is found between the economic one and the social one to ensure the the sector viability. The process of telecommunications sector's liberalization knew many difficulties, however, one of noting the tendency to a certain harmonization of the legal practices, even if results can be differents ; it is all the difficulty of the regulation in the competitive markets vis-a-vis the social needs of populations that universal service, universal access and rural telecommunications strategies are trying to solve in less developing countries
Dadsetan, Mohammad Mehdi. "L'autoritarisme du pouvoir politique et le "sous-développement" économique en Iran." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-11-12.pdf.
Full textVaugoude, Adrien. "Contribution au développement d’aciers austénitiques avancés résistants au gonflement sous irradiation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R054.
Full textIn the framework on 4th generation reactors, the CEA is developing new grades of austenitic steels that will be usable, for example, for the cladding of fuels for sodium-cooling fast neutron reactors (RNR-Na). Thanks to their excellent mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, they can be used up to 100 dpa, although their service life may be limited by the phenomenon of swelling under irradiation. Swelling is due to the formation of cavities in the material following irradiation and can cause geometric deformations and weaken the fuel claddings. The reference alloy, developed thanks to previous R&D on French RNRs, is an austenitic 15Cr/15Ni titanium stabilized steel called AIM1. This work focuses on studying and understanding the mechanisms leading to the formation of cavities under irradiation to contribute to the development of a more swell-resistant AIM2 grade. Different chemical and microstructural optimizations were investigated using an analytical approach. Three model alloys were used to study the double stabilization of titanium and niobium and several model microstructures were defined to highlight the role of microstructural parameters influencing swelling (dislocations, solutes, nanoprecipitates). Characterizations by SEM, DRX and DNPA have allowed a better understanding of the microstructural evolutions of the three grades, model microstructures and also to study their ability to form a fine network of nanoprecipitates. Very high-dose irradiations with Fe3+ ions (2MeV and 10MeV) to induce the formation of cavities have highlighted the major role of microstructure on swelling resistance. A new methodology for the study of swelling induced by ion irradiation has been proposed. It allows a statistical study of cavity formation and is based on the use of scanning microscopy. Indeed, the new detectors can acquire high definition images that can contain several thousand cavities on the same micrograph. These images are then analyzed using a supervised learning artificial intelligence algorithm to automatically recognize the cavities but as well as different objects present in the microstructure (precipitates, grain joints, etc.). An example of a study of the effect on the swelling of the irradiation damage gradient, characteristic of heavy ion irradiation, is presented as an illustration of this methodology called MEBIA. Cluster dynamic calculations simulated the impact of nanoprecipitates and the initial density of dislocations on swelling. These results inspired the creation of new microstructures that were irradiated and began to be characterized. This work will have to be continued to validate the relevance of optimized microstructures. Results presented in this manuscript illustrate the difficulties encountered in studying the microstructures of austenitic steels irradiated at very high doses, but it shows that new approaches can also be put in place to facilitate this work
He, Pengjiang. "Etude du développement de la projection plasma sous très basse pression." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0247/document.
Full textAs a new technology, the very low pressure plasma spraying has attracted attentions of many researchers, making it possible to establish a bridge between the conventional atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) and the vapor deposition (PVD or CVD). As a result, this new technology enlarges the limitation of APS and increases the deposition rate in comparison with the PVD or CVD. It is possible to evaporate partially the injected material and even evaporate completely and finally realize the columnar or dense coatings from the vapor or the mixture of vapor and liquid. The suspension plasma spraying is performed for the first time at low pressure. Taking consideration of the configuration of the three-cathode torch, the axial injection of the suspension is conducted which can increase the enthalpy change between the plasma jet and the sprayed material. The data of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) could be used to calculate the electron temperature and verify the existence of vapor of YSZ in the plasma jet. Finally, the dense coating was prepared by suspension plasma spraying at low pressure, which is composed of the melted particles, the agglomerated particles and the vapor deposition. The test of nano-indentation is conducted on the polished surface. It shows a value of 5.8 GPa for the microhardness and 114.5 GPa for the elastic modulus, increasing 61% and 31%, respectively, compared with the values obtained by SPS in the ambient atmosphere. In this study, another torch F4-VB is also conducted even of it has a low power in compared with that of O3CP torch. The powder feed rate is reduced to about 1.5 g·min-1 to achieve the vapor of YSZ taking the low power input of the torch into consideration. The columnar structure coating is realized from vapor deposition out of line of sight of projection upon the ceramic tubes. The composite structure coating is deposited by the mixture of melted particles and the vapor deposition simultaneously in front of this torch. But the quantity of vapor of YSZ is low in plasma jet. In order to compress the larger plasma jet and then improve the enthalpy change between the plasma jet and sprayed particles, an extended nozzle is prepared. It shows that the coating has a dense structure, which can be attributed to higher velocity of the melted powders. The coating shows a maximum value of microhardness Vickers up to 1273 Hv100 g. The composite coating of TiC/ Ti is realized by reactive plasma spraying using the methane as the carrier gas. The electron temperature Te is calculated to be 6200 K, which is over the boiling point of TiC and Ti. The coating Ti shows a dense structure and the composite coating TiC/Ti shows a lamellar structure. But the quantity of TiC in the composite coating is very low, about 20 vol.%. The Vickers microhardness is performed on the polished surface. It shows a decreasing tendency from 846 ± 152 to 773 ± 86 Hv100g with the increase of spraying distance. The tribological test is also implemented showing a high value of the coefficient of friction of 0.78 to 0.85, which can lead to a high abrasion. In order to synthesize a larger quantity of TiC in the composite coating, a higher power input torch should be put into action in the future
Garcès, Alain. "Sous-populations de motoneurones et dépendance neurotrophique au cours du développement." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22066.
Full textLagacé, Pierre-yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation destranslations glénohumérales 3d sous EOS(mc)." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENAM0059/document.
Full textPrecise morpho-functional analysis of the shoulder, including of the glenohumeral (GH) joint, would allow improving our understanding of shoulder dysfunction associated to rotator cuff tears. However, technical difficulties make analysis of shoulder morphology and motion difficult in a clinical setting. The work carried out during this thesis allowed developing a method for 3D analysis of GH translations relying on the acquisition of sequences of biplanar radiographs with the EOS™ system. A pilot study carried out on 10 healthy subjects allowed verifying the ease of application of an image acquisition protocol and evaluating the repeatability of shoulder landmark identification on the radiographs. The final proposed method allows, following the acquisition of radiographs, obtaining a personalized morphologically realistic reconstruction of the scapula and a simplified model of the humerus. These models are then interactively registered to the images acquired at different arm positions and used to describe GH translations for these positions. The proposed method was validated in terms of precision and repeatability on images acquired of cadaveric shoulders and of patients with rotator cuff tears. The last part of the work presented here consists in applying the developed method to 30 subjects (25 patients and 5 asymptomatic subjects) for whom rotator cuff condition and shoulder function were assessed, and to study correlations between GH translations and shoulder function
Del, Valle Davila Ignacio. "Le "Nouveau cinéma latino-américain" : un projet de développement cinématographique sous-continental." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00782109.
Full textLagacé, Pierre-Yves. "Développement et validation d’une méthode d’évaluation des translations glénohumérales 3D sous EOS." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1142/1/LAGAC%C3%89_Pierre%2DYves.pdf.
Full textValbuena, Silva Virginia Elizabeth. "Développement d’une méthodologie pour la détermination et l’analyse de paraffines sous pression." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3053/document.
Full textThe wax crystallization in oil fluids is a process that occurs as a result of changes in pressure and temperature conditions found in the site, and gradually decreasing along the production process, transport and storage thereof. Precipitation and deposition on the inner surfaces of pipelines require the implementation of healing techniques or to improve the properties of fluids, in order to reduce losses caused by their accumulation, which in some cases could come to a complete standstill production plant. The study of paraffin precipitation process is based on determining the pressure and temperature conditions in which it occurs, and the characterization of the phases coexist in equilibrium. The main constraints of this process, we found the availability and experimental design devices that allow detection of the onset temperatures of crystals and phase separation at high pressure and the development of chromatographic methods for the identification and quantification of paraffins high molecular weight. The development of thermodynamic models describing the precipitation of paraffins is one of the main tools for anticipating and preventing wax crystallization process. Its effectiveness in estimating the conditions that will start appearing crystals and the total amount of solid that could be formed, depends on the design of experimental techniques to reproduce the real operating conditions, and gather reliable information of phase behavior in mixtures hydrocarbon. In the present investigation a complete methodology for detecting and filtering crystals in a range extending to 800 bar normal conditions and a high temperature chromatographic method that allowed to carry out the assessment phase behavior developed in Depending on the composition, pressure and temperature as well as the identification and quantification of heavy paraffins. Phase behavior of mixtures of paraffins studied indicates that changes in pressure and temperature have a great influence on the crystallization of waxes: isothermal compression processes isobaric cooling and decrease the solubility of the wax and result not only in an increase in the amount of precipitated solids but in a variation of the nature thereof. Additionally, increasing the system pressure generated an increase in temperature of the phase change mixtures studied. For its part, the differences in composition of the mixtures studied generated significant differences in their phase change temperature but not in the amount of solid crystallized. In general, enriching the mixture to heavy paraffins produced an increase in their respective WAT. The results obtained showed that the predominant effect in the wax crystallization process corresponds to the temperature decrease of systems, leading to the formation of large quantities of solid waste. Also, these are consistent with the phase behavior of mixtures of synthetic waxes, which allows to conclude that the experimental methodology developed, consisting of the coupling and detection techniques phase separation gas chromatography with high temperature, represents accurate and reliable tool for the study of paraffin precipitation process in real operating conditions, and who overcame the typical experimental limitations of these analyzes
Boxill, Esther. "Accumulation de capital et sous-développement : succès ou échec ? le cas vénuzuélien." Paris 3, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA03A026.
Full textLachance, Gabriel. "Développement d’une sonde fibrée pour l’analyse de la luminance spectrale sous-marine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67761.
Full textWith the advent of climate change, the Canadian arctic is heating up and is changing from year to year. These transformations affect many aspects of the northern ecology. They need to be monitored as to be able to understand and predict the changes to come. The principal aspect of those changes aimed at in this project revolves around the effect of the melting of the ice cover on the underwater light intensity specifically used for the photosynthesis process in northern Canadian lakes. This project ensues from the necessity of monitoring instrument for those changes. It describes a prototype for an underwater light-gathering system focused on the visible wavelengths that are of interest for the study of aquatic ecosystems. The system is based on fiber optic probes to collect light. Optical signal transmission from the collection point to a processing unit offers a more flexible approach for underwater sensors compared to the more conventional electronic sensors. The prototype uses many optical sensors to gather light from different angles or depth underwater. A spectrometer is used to analyse the different wavelength bands of interest and a control unit is used to collect the signal from the photodiodes and record data. A custom mechanical setup protects and holds the system against extreme conditions. The prototype was deployed in the field and the data gathered were analysed. To conclude, some upgrades to the system were identified from the experience acquired while conceiving and deploying the instrument and from the data analysed as well.
Mokhtari, Cerine. "Développement d’une station de mesure hyperfréquence sous pointes nano-robotisée et automatisée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILN053.
Full textIn the general context of the European nanoelectronics industry, it is necessary to develop new on-wafer characterisation techniques and instruments for precise and fine validation of circuits designed for high-frequency (HF) applications. To advance the miniaturisation of HF devices, new metrological issues related to dimensional and electrical characterization must be addressed. A universal instrument for the characterization of RF devices consists of a vector network analyzer (VNA), a measurement station equipped with a pair of ground-signal-ground (GSG) microwave probes aligned manually or automatically using a microscope or a camera system on calibration substrates and devices under test (DUT). Conventional RF test structures require to adapt to the probe tip geometry. The positioning of the probe on the CPW test structure generates misalignment measurement errors that affect the reproducibility of the measurement. In addition, nanodevices have extreme impedances compared to the VNA's reference impedance of 50 Ω, resulting in poor measurement sensitivity and accuracy.To meet this challenge, a new fully automated and robotic on-wafer probing station was designed and built from scratch. The measurement probes as well as the chuck hosting the device under test are mounted on SmarAct® piezoelectric nanopositioners. The vision of the probe-to-DUT contact is provided by a high-resolution microscope camera. A Keysight® Streamline vector network analyzer was integrated into the station to obtain a compact solution close to the probes and thus reduce the non-systematic errors inherent in environmental variations. Finally, a program for driving the probes and chuck based on image recognition was developed with the LabVIEWTM software
Maurel, Christophe. "Mirage, un nouvel outil de développement pour la réalité virtuelle sous X Windows." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0035/MQ38695.pdf.
Full textTremblay, Jaëlle. "Développement d’un banc d’essai et étude biomécanique de systèmes de fixation sous-laminaire." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2013. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/1127/1/TREMBLAY_Ja%C3%ABlle.pdf.
Full textBrassard, Francis. "Développement d'un simulateur reproduisant le profil des routes sous les roues d'un vélo." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1568.
Full textZiche, Hartmut G. "Un modèle pour l'état des finances sous l'Empire romain tardif : trends et développement." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0098.
Full textThis model for the finances of the later Roman Empire treats the period of the 4th and 5th century CE. It is supplemented by a discussion of the methodological problems of model-building wich shows to what extent a model can obtain results wich have a higher explanatory value than those produced by empirical analysis. The model is constructed using four basic factors wich analyse the economic development of the period, resource consumption by the economic elites, the economic impact of the imperial superstructure and institutions (army and administration), as well as the fiscal system wich is discussed as a redistributive system. These socioeconomic and socio-political factors are strongly interdependent. The model thus is able to demonstrate the implausibility of of theories of economic decline and financial crisis wich can be shown to be incompatible with the development of the economic elites and the institutions of the late Roman state wich has been observed
Hoerner, Jean-Michel. "Contribution géographique à l'étude du sous-développement régional du sud-ouest de Madagascar." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA080295.
Full text@The south-west of Madagascar, whose features are a marked semi-aridity and rather limited agricultural potentialities, corresponds to a vast of approximately 75,000 square kilometres, under-populated and under-urbanized. Despite the colonial occupation, its development has remained very limited, and the rural methods, partly inherited from pre-colonial time, to a large extent define the regional economy. Cattle-breeding, which undeniably connotes various social and religious values, remains the basic activity. However, within a social unit which is rather original, the domestic mode of production is jointed with a commercial mode of production monopolized by a minority of Indian immigrants, who fully take advantage of the speculative trends of the regional economy. Whilde the integration of the peasantry into modern economy boils down to a complete failure and makes the domestic communities somewhat fall back within themselves, an unprecedent demographical explosion, which has been traced back for one or two decades, upsets the traditional social organisation. The conflicts between the young and the old, the cattle theft, and the urban drift to Tulear are the main responses to this state crisis. The attempt at maintaining the social cohesion in the village communities is but a makeshift solution
Capo-Chichi, K. Arsène. "La sous-traitance dans les marches de développement : obligations et solution des litiges." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE0002.
Full textIn order to match the level of modernization reached by industrial nations, third world countries work out important projects for their industrial, social or agro-pastoral equipment. The legal framework of these projects is called "a development contract", the achievement of which generally needs several specialized services. These can be negociated either with a sole main contractor or with different sub-contractors for homogeneous batches. Due to their lack of experience, and to the fact that they wish to have only one interlocutor and to be discharged of coordination problems, developing countries prefer to grant deals to a sole general contractor. However due to the diversity and complexity of his contractual obligations, the main contractor usually deals with sub-contractors for those parts of the main deal which are beyond his area of competence. The care taken at the stage of drawing up these contracts cannot completely avoid the appearance of disputes during their performance. In this case it should be desirable that all legal or technical questions of such disputes be solved through one sole procedure bringing together all the contracting parties. But in international business matters, such as the performance of development contracts through sub-contractors, a unified procedure is not easy to reach. So starting from general reflexions, this thesis has sought out the particular influences of sub-contracting on development deals. Techniques have been suggested, moreover, to avoid the occurrence of difficulties during the settlement of disputes arising from the non-fulfillment of sub-contracted services
Dorion-Poussart, Nicole. "Le développement des relations Québec-Mexique sous l'administration du Parti québécois : 1978-1986." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29428.
Full textEl, Idrissi Lalami Lahbib. "Sous-traitance internationale et développement industriel : appréciation théorique et approche du cas du Maroc." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX24008.
Full textThe international sub-contracting is a relatively recent phenomenon. Then, it covers unselted acceptations. The international sub-contracting is equally a multiform and changeable phenomenon. Those characteristics give to understand that the first prescribed task consists on the reconstruction of an analysis fram that be inserted in whole coherency and that reponds to theoretical and useful preoccupations. The fundamental question that we purpose to answer in fact is wether the international sub-contracting can be an industrial development factor. This question is examined at first theoretically and, afterwards, in the morocco's case. The main conclusions of this work can be generalised, to a certain extent, to other less developed countries who promote the international sub-contracting
Sonebi, Mohammed. "Développement des bétons autonivelants à haute performance pour des travaux de réparation sous l'eau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ40534.pdf.
Full textSonebi, Mohammed. "Développement des bétons autonivellants à haute performance pour des travaux de réparation sous l'eau." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1997. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1689.
Full textBenameur, Hassan. "Développement, optimisation et caractérisation d'une pro-drogue lipophile de la dexamethasone sous forme liposomale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211320.
Full textDellagi, Sofiène. "Développement de stratégies de maintenance dans un contexte de sous-traitance partielle de production." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Dellagi.Sofiane.SMZ0619.pdf.
Full textNowadays, the enterprises move under a hard competition. The satisfaction of the client in time becarne a difficult spot. Since that, the majority of the actual Company cal1 upon to the subcontractor in order to cover the client demand and to reduce the demand loss. In fact, it's time to expand new maintenance/production strategies by taking into account the context of subcontractor. In this memory we treat some maintenance policies integrated with production under the subcontractor constraint. The manufacturing system under consideration consists on machine Ml which produces a single product. In order to satisfy a constant demand d, the system called upon to subcontractor. The subcontractor is presented by another machine M2 which produces at a certain rate the sarne type of product as Ml. Both machines are subject to random failures. An age-limit policy is used for preventive maintenance of machine Ml. Point of view maintenance actions, the subcontractor is not controlled by us. We considered that the subcontractor imposes some unavailability periods. That's why we suppose that the failure rate of the subcontractor is constant. In this work we elaborated different strategies integrating maintenance and production. In these strategies we are taking in account the constraint of subcontractor. These strategies are optimised and its performances are compared to a simple maintenance policy SMP in which we don't taking in account the subcontractor. Finally, we classified al1 the strategies developed in this work according its performances orders compared to SMP and noted the performance constraints of theses policies
Papoto, Basile. "Economie et facteurs du sous-développement rural dans Haute-Sangha en R. C. A." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30010.
Full textIs under-development the inescaple consequence of malediction dictated by nature? why is it growing immoderately contrary to the incessant fights against it? why does the struggle against this age-old drama often fail? such are some the questions to which we have tried to bring some answers through the concrete case of haute-sangha, a western region of central africa. An attractive raw-materiel producing-region (diamond, gold, coffee, cocoa, competitive tropical woods, tabacco, banana, peanut, sugar cane, rice, potato, corn. . . ) which undergoes harshly the 1980's economic slump. The deep causes of the general fear are numerous : vicissitudes of history, inter-tribal wars, slavery, natural calamities, penetration of colonialism and modernism, breaking of traditionalism, perenniality of ancestral beliefs, the danger of some lives. Adding to thatt tribulations of all kind coming from the natural environment very often restricting, but also tribulations from producing systems sadly market by their defaults, and the conjuntion of the incertainties of the economic life shared by our whole today
Salhi, Zahir. "Développement des techniques pour le diagnostic des procédés de projection thermique sous pression réduite." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2046.
Full textThere is an increasing interest for thermal plasma spraying at working pressure lower than 10 mbars. By spraying at such low pressure, it is expected that resulting coatings have a very low porosity while keeping a deposition rate higher. Developing such processes requires adjusting operating parameters as gas mixtures, arc current and particle injection quantities, among others, in correlation with coatings to produce. Setting input parameters of this new spray processes can be made by measuring characteristics of the plasma and sprayed particles by using optical diagnose techniques. The aim of this study is to develop the use of different tools for optical diagnostics under such conditions. Particle measurements are performed by using the system DPV2000 with its sensor head located in a cooled tube at atmospheric pressure and measuring the particles through an optical window. When particles are too small or too cold to be detected, they are illuminated by a laser diode. In that case particle temperature measurements are not possible anymore but it is still possible to measure the in-flight particle velocity and flux. In addition to particle diagnostics, optical emission spectroscopy is used to quantify the plasma volume and to study the sprayed particle vaporization. The results allowed defining the characteristics of future process chamber to perform thermal spray technique at 0,1mbar pressure
Moutandou-M'Boumba, Joseph. "Mode d'exploitation capitaliste et sous-développement au Gabon : la communauté domestique, lieu de production." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR20042.
Full textThe gabon paradox imposes an epistemological rupture in relation to the problem of development and underdevelopment. That is to say it is no longer possible to day to think that the capitalist economical development and the commercial production relations in gabon may cause economic and social prosperity for the local inhabitants. On contrary, the spectacular development of the gabon capitalist sector is based on the dialectic process of the underdevelopment of the local communities. If the capitalist sector progresses, it is because it oprates, directly and indirectly, by putting to work wage earners : men and women who are essentially nourished and sustained by a pre-colonial sector which produces daily subsistence. This is done in the name of traditional duties and ideologies of reciprocity, solidarity and collectivism. Underdevelopment does not mean that the gabon people are backward but signifies that the local populations who have been well organized in their economy and in their social reproductory structures for centuries have been systematically and stucturally depossessed of the fruits of this organisation. Theses fruits are transfered to the treasury of the capitalist entrepreneurs through the economic and social mechanisms of articulation of the modes of production. According to the capitalist management entreprises, this depossession is the acquisition of a labour power whose real value is underestimated ; finaly, a structurally cheap labour power, because it is produced and reproduced within the domestic community. The dialectic articulation theory of modes of production should replace the liberal theories. This new theory displays that the logic of gabon development underdevelopment contitutes a complete underdeveloped mode of production which will continue to fuction on theses basis
Lin, Jifang. "Étude du comportement hydromécanique d'une fracture rocheuse sous contrainte normale : développement d'un modèle numérique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL039N.
Full textAyed, Souheil. "Contribution au développement des stratégies de gestion de maintenance intégrée faisant appel à la sous-traitance." Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ038S/document.
Full textThe general study framework is built around the maintenance management integrated with the production, taking into account the constraint of subcontracting. Our research specifically addresses the economic management of the production delivery from one or more subcontractors that differ in their availability and cost per unit of production. The economic study consists in minimizing the total cost including production, inventory and maintenance. Our study will be conducted along two axes. In a first axis, we consider a constant demand on an infinite time horizon. An analytical study is conducted to determine the maintenance policy to be adopted and the choice between several subcontractors. In a second axis, we considered a random request to accommodate over a finite time. This application must be met in a required level of service by using outsourcing while assuming that the failure rate of the main machine varies with use and time. The objective was to propose an optimal production maintenance plan that satisfies the level of service and taking into account the deterioration of the machine while minimizing production, inventory and maintenance costs. The analytical models developed in the two axes are validated by numerical examples and interpreted through sensitivity studies
De, Fleurian Basile. "Développement d'un modèle d'hydrologie sous-glaciaire dédié à la simulation du glissement basal des glaciers." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541108.
Full textCarrillo, solano Mercedes alicia. "Développement de surface artificielles pour cathode sous forme de couche mince pour accumulateurs Li-ion." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0171/document.
Full textThe present work was based on the investigation of different thin film components of Li ionbatteries. A first part was dedicated to the deposition of cathodes in thin film form of aknown material, LiCoO2, and an alternative one, Li(NiMnCo)O2 employing physical vapordeposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), respectively. Results on thedeposition of LiCoO2 showed how after cycling there is a reduction of rate capability andincrease in interface resistance. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed the presence of severalorientations related to the known HT phases found in literature for LiCoO2 with lowcrystallinity. On the other hand Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 thin films prepared via aerosol assistedCVD were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement using the March-Dollasemodel for the determination of the texturing and microstructural characteristics. Additionallythe morphology of the films was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Theinvestigation showed that concentration of precursor solution and process pressures have asignificant effect on the film morphology and texturing. A second part was focused on the cathode-electrolyte interface for three case studies: 1) asdeposited LiCoO2 cathode thin film, 2) ZrO2 coated LiCoO2 thin film and 3) LiPON coatedLiCoO2 thin film. The interface cathode-electrolyte of these three cases were studied beforeand after galvanostatic cycling to determine surface layer characteristics and changes arisingon the interface after battery operation. The interface of a bare LiCoO2 layer was furtherstudied after soaking in liquid electrolyte to elucidate the effect of short storage procedures inbatteries.Surface analysis done on LiCoO2 thin films showed changes occurring at the interface layersafter the electrode was in short contact with the electrolyte solution and after galvanostaticcycling. Washing and soaking the electrode material in electrolyte and solvent showed thatsurface reactions start from the first contact. A main component of the electrolyte solution,LiPF6, has critical effect since it can decompose and form HF which reacts with carbonatesand forms LiF on the surface. Given the large amount of LiF, a high reactivity of LiCoO2 withthe decomposed species was observed, as the main components of the film were related to thedecomposed LiPF6 salt.The surface chemistry of the layer formed on LiCoO2 after cycling was mainly based ondecomposed species from the electrolyte salt arising from carbonated and fluorinated species.Artificial surface layers were deposited on LiCoO2 by means of rf sputtering. The thin layersof ZrO2 and LiPON used as coatings had minor effects on the original film morphology andcrystalline structure. An XPS analysis of the interface showed how the nature of each layerafter galvanostatic cycling was different for each case. The resulting artificial surface layerformed from ZrO2 coating showed mainly inorganic species, while the LiPON coatedcathode showed an organic nature. The final surface layers after electrochemical cycling ofthe ZrO2 coated film resembled that of the uncoated LiCoO2. Additionally, LiPON thin films were studied on the basis of structural changes occurringwith nitrogenation and its correlation to a possible mechanism during ion conduction.Composition of phosphate glasses with rf sputtering was proven to be greatly influenced bythe gas ratio employed. The largest variations were observed for lower amounts of N2 in thegas mixture. The IR spectra results showed important differences in the short range order forfilms with a similar amount of lithium. The lithium phosphorus oxynitride films depositedhere presented glassy structures with mainly ortho and pyro-phosphate units with smallamounts of short metaphosphate chains. Nitrogen insertion favors stability of lithium bygiving an environment with lower potential energy, as was evidenced by the far-IR results