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1

Ikuomola, Adediran Daniel, and Johan Zaaiman. "We Have Come to Stay and We Shall Find All Means to Live and Work in this Country: Nigerian Migrants and Life Challenges in South Africa." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 9, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v9i2.6.

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In recent times many Nigerians have been singled out when it comes to criminal activities and xenophobic attacks in South Africa, which leads to disruption of the hitherto cordial relationship between South African host communities and Nigerian migrants. Nevertheless, the rate of Nigerians migrating to South Africa keeps soaring. Studies of migration between Nigeria and South Africa, have been scanty, often limited to the study of traditional economic disparity between the two countries with less emphasis on the social-cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in the host communities.This paper thus examined the socio-economic and cultural challenges facing Nigerian migrants in selected communities in Johannesburg, South Africa. Data for the study were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with Nigerian migrants in Hillbrow, Braamfontein and Alexandra suburbs in Johannesburg, South Africa.
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2

Naylor, C. David. "Alexandra Health Centre: Primary Care for an Impoverished Black Township in South Africa." Annals of Internal Medicine 109, no. 1 (July 1, 1988): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-73.

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3

Curry, Dawne Y. "When Apartheid Interfered with Funerals: We Found Ways to Grieve in Alexandra, South Africa." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 2, no. 2 (2007): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v02i02/59324.

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4

Bozzoli, Belinda. "Public ritual and private transition: the truth commission in Alexandra township, South Africa 1996." African Studies 57, no. 2 (December 1998): 167–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00020189808707894.

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5

Langa, Malose. "Contested multiple voices of young masculinities amongst adolescent boys in Alexandra Township, South Africa." Journal of Child & Adolescent Mental Health 22, no. 1 (August 13, 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/17280583.2010.493654.

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6

Jochelson, Karen. "Reform, repression and resistance in South Africa: a case study of Alexandra township, 1979–1989." Journal of Southern African Studies 16, no. 1 (March 1990): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079008708222.

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7

Higgs, Catherine. "Dawne Y. Curry. Apartheid on a Black Isle: Removal and Resistance in Alexandra, South Africa." American Historical Review 119, no. 2 (April 2014): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.2.657.

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8

Duncan, David. "Liberals and Local Administration in South Africa: Alfred Hoernle and the Alexandra Health Committee, 1933-1943." International Journal of African Historical Studies 23, no. 3 (1990): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/219600.

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9

Nyaloko, Madimetja, Welma Lubbe, and Karin Minnie. "Perceptions of Mothers and Community Members Regarding Breastfeeding in Public Spaces in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 13, no. 1 (October 26, 2020): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502013010582.

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Background: Mothers experience significant barriers to breastfeed in public spaces, which could result in a detrimental impact on the World Health Organization’s recommendation of exclusive breastfeeding. Failure to support and accept breastfeeding in public spaces could lead to mixed feeding or even abandonment of breastfeeding. Objective: The current study aimed to identify the knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and perceptions about it among mothers and community members in Alexandra, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental descriptive study was deployed using two structured questionnaires, which were distributed among mothers (n=96) and community members (n=96). All 192 questionnaires were completed and returned, although two questionnaires of mothers could not be used due to incompleteness. An excel spread sheet and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: The findings of the current study revealed a positive correlation between the knowledge level about breastfeeding benefits [infants (r=0.45, p≤0.000) and mothers (r=0.29, p≤0.000)] and perceptions in public spaces. Community members and mothers who were knowledgeable regarding breastfeeding benefits exhibited supportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces. Conclusion: Altogether, the majority of mothers (69%) were comfortable to breastfeed in public spaces, and community members (84%) were supportive. Limited knowledge of breastfeeding benefits was associated with unsupportive attitudes towards breastfeeding in public spaces. Health messages that target these factors are essential to encourage support and acceptance of breastfeeding in public spaces. This could be executed through public education via posters in public spaces and during community health outreaches.
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10

Gunter, Ashley. "Mega events as a pretext for infrastructural development: the case of the All African Games Athletes Village, Alexandra, Johannesburg." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 23, no. 23 (March 1, 2014): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2014-0003.

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AbstractThe hosting of mega events in the Global South has become a symbol of prestige and national pride. From the hosting of international mega events such as the world cup, to regional events like the Commonwealth Games, developing nations are hosting mega events frequently and on a massive scale. Often used as a justification for this escapade in hosting a mega event is the purposed infrastructural legacy that will remain after the event. From the bid documents of the London Olympics to the Delhi Common Wealth Games, the pretext of infrastructural legacy is cited as a legitimate reason for spending the billions of dollars needed for hosting the event. This paper looks at this justification in the context of the All Africa Games which was hosted in Johannesburg, South Africa in 1999. It examines how the legacy infrastructure from this event has been utilised as a social housing development and how the billions of dollars spent on the infrastructural legacy of the games has been used by local residence of the city. The vast majority of the current residence of the All Africa Games Athletes’ Village have little recollection of the Games and do not feel that the housing stock they have received is of significantly better quality than that of other social housing. This points to the contentious claim that developmental infrastructure built through hosting a mega event is of superior quality or brings greater benefit to the end users. That is not to say that hosting a mega event does not have benefits; however, the claim of development through hosting, in the case of Johannesburg, seems disingenuous.
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11

Maingard, Jacqueline. "EDUCATION FOR A THIRD CINEMA IN SOUTH AFRICA. REFLECTIONS ON A COMMUNITY VIDEO EDUCATION PROJECT IN ALEXANDRA, JOHANNESBURG." South African Theatre Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1991): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10137548.1991.9688027.

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12

Lewis, D. A., C. Ricketts, A. Vezi, and V. Maseko. "O08.6 Do You Have an STI? Findings from a Dedicated Men’s Sexual Health Clinic in Alexandra Township, South Africa." Sexually Transmitted Infections 89, Suppl 1 (July 2013): A42.1—A42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0130.

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13

Langa, Malose. "The Value of Using a Psychodynamic Theory in Researching Black Masculinities of Adolescent Boys in Alexandra Township, South Africa." Men and Masculinities 19, no. 3 (May 15, 2015): 260–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x15586434.

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Kularatne, Ranmini, Venessa Maseko, Lindy Gumede, and Tendesayi Kufa. "Trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance over a Ten-Year Surveillance Period, Johannesburg, South Africa, 2008–2017." Antibiotics 7, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030058.

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Background: In South Africa, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are managed through a syndromic approach at primary healthcare centres (PHCs). Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the predominant cause of male urethritis syndrome. We describe antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends in Neisseria gonorrhoeae during a ten-year surveillance period at a large PHC in Johannesburg. Methods: Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from genital discharge swab specimens obtained from consenting adult patients presenting at the Alexandra Health Centre in Johannesburg between 2008 and 2017. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Etest™ (cefixime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin) or agar dilution (penicillin, tetracycline, azithromycin). Results: During the period of surveillance, high-level resistance prevalence increased from 30% to 51% for penicillin (p-value for trend < 0.001), 75% to 83% for tetracycline (p-value for trend = 0.008), and 25% to 69% for ciprofloxacin (p-value for trend < 0.001). Analysis did not reveal high-level resistance to spectinomycin or a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep for extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and the prevalence of intermediate-resistance to azithromycin was less than 5%. Conclusions: High prevalence resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin in N. gonorrhoeae obviates their use in future national treatment algorithms for genital discharge. It is essential to continue monitoring for emerging resistance to currently recommended antimicrobial therapy in this rapidly evolving pathogen.
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15

Huchzermeyer, Marie. "Housing rights in South Africa: Invasions, evictions, the media, and the courts in the cases of Grootboom, Alexandra, and Bredell." Urban Forum 14, no. 1 (January 2003): 80–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-003-0004-y.

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16

Draper, CE, L. De Kock, AT Grimsrud, M. Rudolph, S. Nemutandani, T. Kolbe-Alexander, and EV Lambert. "Evaluation of a school-based physical activity intervention in Alexandra Township." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 22, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2010/v22i1a320.

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Objectives. Non-communicable diseases and limited participation in school physical education have become increasing concerns in South Africa. In response to these concerns, a schoolbased physical activity intervention, Healthnutz, was implemented in three primary schools in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. Evaluation of Healthnutz included assessing its feasibility and acceptability, and short-term changes in learners’ physical fitness, knowledge and attitudes. Methods. To assess feasibility and acceptability, a situational analysis and focus groups with teachers and programme monitors were conducted. Pre-post fitness testing (3-month interval) was conducted with learners, and a questionnaire assessed changes in learners’ knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers to physical activity, in control and intervention schools. Results. At implementation, teachers identified the need for more physical activity in the school environment and were positive about Healthnutz. Follow-up focus group discussions suggested that it was positively impacting teachers, learners and the school in general. Scores for sit and reach (p<0.001), sit ups (p<0.02) and shuttle run (p<0.0001) improved significantly in intervention but not control schools. A significant decrease was observed in learners’ perceived external barriers to physical activity (p<0.0001) along with a positive change in learners’ self-efficacy for physical activity (p<0.05). Conclusions. Healthnutz raised awareness of the importance of physical activity in intervention schools. Findings indicate that even limited exposure to a physical activity intervention can lead to a significant improvement in aspects of learners’ fitness, knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding physical activity. Furthermore, training and support of teachers needs to be nonjudgemental and empowering.
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17

Julius, R. S., E. V. Schwan, and C. T. Chimimba. "Helminth composition and prevalence of indigenous and invasive synanthropic murid rodents in urban areas of Gauteng Province, South Africa." Journal of Helminthology 92, no. 4 (September 4, 2017): 445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x17000761.

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AbstractAlthough synanthropic rodents such as the indigenous species, Mastomys coucha, and the invasive species, Rattus norvegicus, R. rattus and R. tanezumi, are well-known to be hosts to various micro- and macroparasites, their helminth parasite fauna is poorly studied in South Africa. In an attempt to remedy the situation, the aim of the present study was to investigate the helminth fauna of these sympatric rodent species, which were obtained from the informal settlements of Alexandra, Tembisa, Diepsloot and residential suburbs of Pretoria and Hammanskraal, Gauteng Province, South Africa. Helminths were recovered from the urinary bladder, liver and gastrointestinal tract and were identified morphologically and molecularly. The recovered nematodes were all rodent-specific and included Aspiculuris tetraptera, Eucoleus sp., Heterakis spumosa, Mastophorus muris, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Protospirura sp., Strongyloides ratti, Syphacia obvelata, Syphacia muris, Trichuris sp. and Trichosomoides crassicauda. Syphacia obvelata, a commensal nematode of laboratory rodents, was recovered from indigenous M. coucha. Strobilar stages of cestodes recovered included Hymenolepis diminuta, Hymenolepis nana and Inermicapsifer madagascariensis. Recovered metacestodes were strobilocerci of Hydatigera taeniaeformis from all three invasive Rattus species and coenurostrobilocerci of Hydatigera parva from M. coucha. An acanthocephalan, Moniliformis moniliformis, was recovered from R. rattus only. All rodent species examined showed high helminth infection prevalence (≥70%) with equal or higher nematode than cestode prevalence. Mastomys coucha, however, showed significantly lower cestode prevalence than Rattus species where they co-occur. Interspecific transmission of helminths likely occurs between invasive and indigenous rodents, and these rodents harbour several helminths that have zoonotic implications.
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18

Sewpershad, N. B., I. Venter, L. Gumede, V. Kekane, G. de Gita, V. Maseko, and D. Lewis. "Relative prevalence of STI pathogens, vaginal conditions and HIV co-infection among STI patients attending Alexandra Health Centre, Gauteng Province, South Africa (2011-2013)." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.1294.

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19

Lewis, D., C. Ricketts, N. Bhojraj, G. de Gita, P. Magooa, I. Venter, L. Mshibe, A. Vezi, E. Muller, and F. Radebe. "P1-S1.09 Trends in the aetiology of sexually transmitted infections and HIV Coinfections among STI patients attending Alexandra Health Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa (2007-2010)." Sexually Transmitted Infections 87, Suppl 1 (July 1, 2011): A103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.9.

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20

Boskovic, Aleksandar, and Ilana van Wyk. "Troubles with Identity." Anthropological Journal of European Cultures 16, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ayec.2007.160109.

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Anthropology began in South Africa with the work of nineteenth century missionaries like Alexandre Junod (Hammond-Tooke 1997; Thornton 1998) and as such it fits nicely into the cliche´ of a ‘colonial’ science. However, even at its humble beginnings in the former British colony, anthropology was much more than that (Thornton 1983; Cocks 2001); it served as an important field where different points of opinion collided or converged, but also as an important laboratory for different political experiments – some of which had lasting and devastating effects on South African societies.
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Van Klinken, Adriaan, and Kwame Edwin Otu. "Ancestors, Embodiment and Sexual Desire." Body and Religion 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 70–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bar.33129.

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This article explores the intersections of religion, embodiment, and queer sexuality in the autobiographical account of a South African self-identifying ‘lesbian sangoma’, on the basis of the book Black Bull, Ancestors and Me: My Life as a Lesbian Sangoma, by Nkunzi Zandile Nkabinde. The article offers an intertextual reading of this primary text, first vis-à-vis David Chidester’s Wild Religion: Tracking the Sacred in South Africa, and second, vis-à-vis some black lesbian feminist writings, specifically by Audre Lorde, M. Jacqui Alexander, and Gloria Wekker. This intertextual reading foregrounds the embodied and in fact queer nature of the wild forces of indigenous religion in contemporary South Africa, and it illuminates how embodied and erotic experience is grounded in the domain of the sacred. Hence, the article concludes by arguing for a decolonising and post-secular move in the field of African queer studies, underlining the need to take the sacred seriously as a site of queer subjectivity.
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Kirkwood, Patrick M. "Alexander Hamilton and the Early Republic in Edwardian Imperial Thought." Britain and the World 12, no. 1 (March 2019): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2019.0311.

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In the first decade of the twentieth century, a rising generation of British colonial administrators profoundly altered British usage of American history in imperial debates. In the process, they influenced both South African history and wider British imperial thought. Prior usage of the Revolution and Early Republic in such debates focused on the United States as a cautionary tale, warning against future ‘lost colonies’. Aided by the publication of F. S. Oliver's Alexander Hamilton (1906), administrators in South Africa used the figures of Hamilton and George Washington, the Federalist Papers, and the drafting of the Constitution as an Anglo-exceptionalist model of (modern) self-government. In doing so they applied the lessons of the Early Republic to South Africa, thereby contributing to the formation of the Union of 1910. They then brought their reconception of the United States, and their belief in the need for ‘imperial federation’, back to the metropole. There they fostered growing diplomatic ties with the US while recasting British political history in-light-of the example of American federation. This process of inter-imperial exchange culminated shortly after the signing of the Treaty of Versailles when the Boer Generals Botha and Smuts were publicly presented as Washington and Hamilton reborn.
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VAN DEN BRANDT, Marc J., Bruce S. RUBIDGE, Julien BENOIT, and Fernando ABDALA. "Cranial morphology of the middle Permian pareiasaur Nochelesaurus alexanderi from the Karoo Basin of South Africa." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 112, no. 1 (March 2021): 29–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691021000049.

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ABSTRACTPareiasaurs were globally distributed, abundant, herbivorous parareptiles with the basal-most members found only in the mid-Permian of South Africa. These basal forms form a monophyletic group and were locally abundant and became extinct at the top of the Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone at the end of the Guadalupian. Four species of basal pareiasaurs are currently recognised: Bradysaurus baini, B. seeleyi, Embrithosaurus schwarzi and Nochelesaurus alexanderi, but they are all poorly understood and there remains historic uncertainty as to their validity. In this paper, our second contribution designed to improve understanding of the basal group, we present the first detailed cranial description and updated diagnosis for Nochelesaurus alexanderi and demonstrate that it is a distinct taxon based on one cranial autapomorphy, a large transversely wide postparietal, and a combination of cranial characters. Within the local group of mid-Permian pareiasaurs, we recognise new dental features of Nochelesaurus alexanderi: non-symmetrical marginal cusp arrangements on upper and lower teeth resulting from an extra basal mesial cusp; an incipient horizontal cingulum on lower jaw teeth, sometimes with one or two tiny medial cingular cusps; and up to ten marginal cusps. Our study demonstrates that tooth morphology and orientation, cranial ornamentation, morphology of the cheek bosses, shape of the postfrontal and postparietal, and morphology of the distal paroccipital process of the opisthotic are the most useful to identify South African mid-Permian pareiasaurs.
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ILLENBERGER, WERNER K., and IZAK C. RUST. "A sand budget for the Alexandria coastal dunefield, South Africa." Sedimentology 35, no. 3 (January 1988): 513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1988.tb01001.x.

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Macagno, Lorenzo. "Missionaries and the Ethnographic Imagination. Reflections on the Legacy of Henri-Alexandre Junod (1863–1934)." Social Sciences and Missions 22, no. 1 (2009): 55–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187489409x434063.

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AbstractThis article consists of a reflection on the ethnographic and political legacy of the protestant missionary Henri-Alexandre Junod. A member of the Swiss Mission, Junod was one of the few missionaries to enjoy the recognition of “professional” anthropologists in his time (among them, Malinowski himself, who praised his pioneering ethnography on the Thonga of southern Africa). But beyond his important ethnographic legacy, his work as a missionary brought him into contact with many perplexities and paradoxes. Besides living and working in the Union of South Africa – present day South Africa – he lived for many years in Mozambique, where at certain times, his presence – and that of the protestant missionaries in general – was not well accepted by Portuguese Colonial Regime. Today, the policies on bilingual education, the process of reinvention of the Shangaan identity, the multicultural dilemmas of post-socialist Mozambique and the role of the Protestant churches in the formation of the civil society, cannot be understood without a systematic and renewed reflection on the legacy of Henri-Alexandre Junod. Cet article propose une réflexion sur l'héritage ethnographique et politique du missionnaire protestant Henri-Alexandre Junod. Membre de la Missions Suisse Romande, Junod fut un des rares missionnaires qui fut reconnu de son vivant par les anthropologues "professionnels" (entre autres Malinowski lui-même qui loua son travail ethnographique sur les Thonga d'Afrique australe). Au-delà son héritage ethnographique, le travail de Junod comme missionnaire l'exposa aussi à plusieurs perplexités et paradoxes. En plus de vivre et travailler dans l'Union d'Afrique du Sud – aujourd'hui Afrique du sud – il vécut durant de nombreuses années au Mozambique où, à certains moments, sa présence – et celle des missionnaires protestants en général – ne fut pas bien acceptée par le régime colonial portugais. Aujourd'hui les politiques d'éducation bilingues, le processus de la réinvention de l'identité Shangaan, les dilemmes multiculturels d'un Mozambique postsocialiste et le rôle des églises Protestantes dans la formation d'une société civile ne peuvent pas être compris sans une réflexion systématique et renouvelée de l'héritage d'Henri-Alexandre Junod.
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Kerley, G. I. H., A. McLachlan, and J. G. Castley. "Diversity and dynamics of bushpockets in the Alexandria coastal Dunefield, South Africa." Landscape and Urban Planning 34, no. 3-4 (May 1996): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(95)00224-3.

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Castley, J. G., J. S. Bruton, G. I. H. Kerley, and A. McLachlan. "The importance of seed dispersal in the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield, South Africa." Journal of Coastal Conservation 7, no. 1 (March 2001): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02742468.

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Cloete, E. C., and R. A. Lubke. "Flora of the Kap River Reserve, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Bothalia 29, no. 1 (September 30, 1999): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v29i1.585.

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A detailed analysis ot the flora of the newly proclaimed Kap River Reserve (600 ha) is given. The reserve is adjacent to the Fish River and some 5 km from the Fish River Mouth It consists of a coastal plateau up to 100 m a.s.I. which is steeply dissected by the two rivers that partially form the boundary of the reserve. The flora of the reserve was sampled over a period o f three years and plants were collected in all the vegetation types of grassland, thicket and forest. 488 species were collected with a species to family ratio of 4:4. The majority of the taxa recorded represent the major phytochoria of the region. Nineteen species are endemic to the Eastern Cape, two are classed as vulnerable, five are rare, six are protected and a further seventeen are of uncertain status. The flora of the Kap River has closest affinities to that of the Alexandria Forest.
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Drew, Allison, and David Binns. "Prospects for socialism in South Africa: An interview with Neville Alexander." Journal of Communist Studies 8, no. 4 (December 1992): 251–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13523279208415177.

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30

Stanley, Brian. "Edinburgh and World Christianity." Studies in World Christianity 17, no. 1 (April 2011): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/swc.2011.0006.

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In his inaugural lecture as Professor of World Christianity at the University of Edinburgh, Professor Stanley discusses three individuals connected to Edinburgh who have major symbolic or actual significance for the development of world Christianity over the last 150 years. Tiyo Soga (1829–71) studied in Edinburgh for the ministry of the United Presbyterian Church, and became the first black South African to be ordained into the Christian ministry. His Edinburgh theological training helped to form his keen sense of the dignity and divine destiny of the African race. Yun Chi'ho (1865–1945) was the sole Korean delegate at the World Missionary Conference held in Edinburgh in 1910. His political career illustrates the ambiguities of the connection that developed between Christianity and Korean nationalism under Japanese colonial rule. John Alexander Dowie (1847–1907) was a native of Edinburgh and a student of the University of Edinburgh who went on to found a utopian Christian community near Chicago – ‘Zion City’. This community and Dowie's teachings on the healing power of Christ were formative in the origins of Pentecostal varieties of Christianity in both southern and West Africa.
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Ludwig, Frieder. "Tambaram: the West African Experience." Journal of Religion in Africa 31, no. 1 (2001): 49–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006601x00031.

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AbstractTambaram 1938, held near Madras in South India, was the first conference of the International Missionary Council in which a significant number of Africans took part. It offered, therefore, a unique opportunity for the fifteen delegates from the continent. For the first time, West Africans exchanged views with South Africans about African Independent Churches, for the first time, they discussed issues such as the tolerance of polygamy in an international setting. The Africans were impressed by the efforts towards church union in India and by Gandhi's national movement. This article describes the experiences of three of the West African delegates, Alexander Babatunde Akinycle (Nigeria), Moses Odutola Dada (Nigeria) and Christian Goncalves Baeta (Gold Coast/Ghana). Baëta subsequently made a very significant contribution to West African Christianity as a church leader, theologian and academic.
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Gaylard, A., A. McLachlan, and G. I. H. Kerley. "Faunal changes along a vegetation gradient in the Alexandria Coastal Dunefield, South Africa." South African Journal of Zoology 30, no. 1 (January 1995): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1995.11448367.

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33

Sandy, Michael R. "Cretaceous brachiopods from James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, and their paleobiogeographic affinities." Journal of Paleontology 65, no. 03 (May 1991): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000030377.

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Articulate brachiopods from the Aptian–Coniacian (Kotick Point and Whisky Bay Formations, Gustav Group) and the Santonian–Campanian (Santa Marta Formation, Marambio Group) of James Ross Island are described. A new terebratulid species,Rectithyris whiskyin. sp., is described from the late Albian–early Coniacian of the Whisky Bay Formation. The record from the late Albian is supported by palynological evidence making it contemporaneous with other species ofRectithyrisfrom Europe. The relative abundance ofRectithyris whiskyin. sp. in late Turonian to early Coniacian sections indicates an extended biohorizon that may aid biostratigraphic correlation in the James Ross Island region.The brachiopods have some affinities with faunas described from Europe, northern Siberia, North America, Madagascar, southern India, Western Australia, and Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Elements of the James Ross Island brachiopod fauna probably migrated by the following routes: 1) from northern high latitudes via the Eastern Pacific; 2) from Europe via the north and central Atlantic and opening south Atlantic Ocean; and 3) via Eastern Tethys, the East African Seaway, to the south Atlantic Ocean. Brachiopod evidence supports a fully marine connection between the central Atlantic and south Atlantic Ocean (Route 2) possibly as early as the late Albian (as do ammonite faunas from western Africa), and certainly by the late Turonian. Route 3 was established in the Cretaceous by the Aptian?–Albian to eastern Africa and Madagascar and to the Antarctic Peninsula by the late Turonian. Faunal links between James Ross Island and Western Australia support the Late Cretaceous juxtaposition of these plates.A distinct austral brachiopod fauna may be present in the Cretaceous from the Aptian onwards (although current evidence is scant). Antarctic Peninsular and Western Australian faunas yield five brachiopod genera (and their species) endemic to Gondwanaland's southern marine fauna. Other genera known from the Antarctic Peninsula (Kingena, Ptilorhynchia, andRectithyris) and the Northern Hemisphere may have species endemic to Gondwanaland.
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Heugh, Kathleen. "Multilingual Education Policy in South Africa Constrained by Theoretical and Historical Disconnections." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 33 (March 2013): 215–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190513000135.

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Multilingual education policy has been a controversial affair in South Africa, especially over the last 60 years. Recent research conducted by government-led and independent agencies shows declining student achievement within an education system that employs 11 home languages for education in the first three grades of primary school, followed by a transition to English medium for the majority (approximately 80%) of speakers of African languages. Research that focuses on the linguistic practices of students in urban settings suggests that there is a disjuncture between the construction of multilingualism within contemporary education policy and the multilingual reality of students (e.g., Heugh, 2003; Makoni, 2003; Makoni & Pennycook, 2012; Plüddemann, 2013; Probyn, 2009; Stroud & Heugh, 2011). There is also a disjunction between constitutional and other government policies that advance, on paper, a multilingual policy, yet are implemented through an assimilatory drive towards English (Alexander & Heugh, 1999). As predicted nearly two decades ago, the ideological framing of multilingualism during the negotiations in the early 1990s was to have consequences for the way in which language policy would unfold in the education sector over the next 20 to 30 years (Heugh, 1995, 1999). While poor student achievement in school may be ascribed to a range of socioeconomic indicators, this article draws attention to contributory factors that relate to language(s) in education. These include different constructions of multilingualism in education in relation to sociolinguistic and educational linguistic considerations, contradictory interpretations of multilingual education in a series of education policy documents, pedagogical weaknesses, and recent attempts to strengthen the provision of African languages education alongside English in the first 10 years of school (Grades R and 0–9; e.g., Department of Basic Education (DBE), 2013a, 2013b).
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35

Williams, Thomas R. "Roberts of Lovedale and Eclipsing Binary Stars." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092162.

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Alexander William Roberts, a great humanitarian and teacher in South Africa, was also a luminary in the astronomical world. This paper discusses his work on variable stars and touches briefly on his career in other areas. Born and educated in Scotland, Roberts migrated to South Africa in 1883, at age 25, to teach at the Native College at Lovedale. He studied mathematical astronomy as a recreational pursuit, but became an active observer in 1889. After two years of general observing, be began a systematic survey using binoculars and an old one-inch theodolite. He carefully plotted all visible stars in selected areas and ranked them in order of their apparent brightness, doing so repeatedly on six evenings for each of the selected areas. His composite sketch became a reference chart as he searched for changes in these fields. With this technique, Roberts discovered more than 20 variable stars.
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36

Thumbran, Janeke. "RETHINKING NARRATIVES OF REMOVAL AND RESISTANCE IN POSTAPARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA - Pamela Reynolds. War in Worcester: Youth and the Apartheid State. New York: Fordham University Press, 2013. xii +239 pp. Photographs. Appendixes. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $75.00. Cloth. $26.00. Paper. - Dawne Y. Curry. Apartheid on a Black Isle: Removal and Resistance in Alexandra, South Africa. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2012. xvi + 180 pp. List of Tables. List of Photographs. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $95.00. Paper. - Lauretta Ngcobo, ed. Prodigal Daughters: Stories of South African Women in Exile. Scottsville, S.A.: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2012. xxix + 211 pp. Photographs. $34.00, R195.00. Paper. - Sean Field. Oral History, Community, and Displacement: Imagining Memories in Post-Apartheid South Africa. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Palgrave Studies in Oral History. xvi + 221 pp. Photographs. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $100.00. Paper." African Studies Review 57, no. 3 (December 2014): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2014.99.

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37

Cloete, Michael. "Neville Alexander: Towards overcoming the legacy of racial capitalism in post-apartheid South Africa." Transformation: Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa 86, no. 1 (2014): 30–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trn.2014.0032.

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38

Visser, Gustav. "Alexander Counihan Thornton: Urban Agriculture in South Africa: A Study of the Eastern Cape." Urban Forum 25, no. 2 (October 18, 2013): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-013-9213-1.

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39

Abdullah, Adam Muhammad Ahmed, Celia Dyduck, and Taha Y. Ahmed. "Transboundary Water Conflicts as Postcolonial Legacy (the Case of Nile Basin)." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-184-196.

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It is not shortage or lack of water that leads to conflict but the way how water is governed and managed. It is said that water will be, much more than oil, the major geopolitical issue of the 21st century. Although it is difficult to demonstrate this, it is clear that the increasing scarcity of the resource, on the one hand, and the configuration of its availability, on the other, are conflict-generating. In the particular case of the African continent, the large catchment basins of the Nile, Niger and Chad, shared by many states of unequal power, are the scene of inefficient hydro-diplomacy. Indeed, north to south, the Nile Delta is 161 km long and covers the coastline of Egypt from Alexandria in the west to Port Said in the east. Egypt with 100 mln population is de facto the principal hydro-hegemon state in the Nile basin. Nevertheless, a couple of riparian states, as Ethiopia (105 mln population), have taken measures in order to challenge this status quo: the signature and launching of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI), the signature of Cooperative Framework Agreement (CFA), the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and the signing of the Declaration of Principles Agreement. The article attempts to analyse the urgency of the problem of water resources allocation in Africa with particular focus to the Nile basin and the complexity of agreements regulating the issue dating back to the colonial era. The study also emphasizes the difficulties bilateral and multilateral aids faced while trying to solve a conflict. As Nile for many states is not just a source of water, it is the host of a fragile ecosystem, essential for maintaining the environmental and ecological balance of North-East Africa.
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40

London, L. "The Ray Alexander workers clinic—A model for worker-based health services in South Africa?" Social Science & Medicine 37, no. 12 (December 1993): 1521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90186-8.

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41

Master, Sharad. "Peripatetic careers of Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky, mid-20th century Slovenian-educated geoscientists." Geologija 63, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2020.024.

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In September 1947, South Africa’s most famous geologist, Dr Alexander Logie du Toit, FRS, well known for his support of the concept of Continental Drift, received a visit from a Slovenian-educated Russian émigré couple, Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky, who were newly arrived in South Africa. Vsevolod, born in what is now Ukraine, was a mining engineer, geologist and geophysicist with vast experience in the minerals industry, while his wife Eugenie, born in the Russian Caucasus, was an analytical geochemist. Vsevolod had a brief exchange of letters with du Toit, seeking his help in obtaining employment in South Africa’s minerals industry. Included in the first letter to du Toit were detailed curricula vitae of both Vsevolod and Eugenie Gorsky. These detailed CVs allow us to reconstruct the training (at the University of Ljubljana, under the influence of Russian mineralogist V.V. Nikitin) and careers of these two earth science professionals in Slovenia and Macedonia, in the early Twentieth Century, and to follow their peripatetic careers as they left the Kingdom of Yugoslavia before the start of the Second World War, in Cyprus, Egypt, Tanganyika and South Africa. They ultimately ended up in Brazil in the 1960s and 1970s, and probably retired there. Eugenie was constrained to follow her husband wherever his career led him, but she always ended up working in most of the countries and places they found themselves in. As a professional couple who travelled the world, the Gorskys were pioneers in a way of life that is commonplace now in a globalized world.
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42

STRANGE, THOMAS. "Alexander Crummell and the Anti-Slavery Dilemma of the Episcopal Church." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 70, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 767–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046919000551.

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Alexander Crummell's application to enter the General Theological Seminary in 1839 was problematic for the Episcopal Church. Admitting the African American abolitionist would have exacerbated divisions over slavery within a denomination still recovering from the American Revolution and the Second Great Awakening. The Church's increasing financial dependence on its upper-class members was a further complication. In Northern states the social elite supported anti-abolitionist violence, whilst in the South support for the Church came predominantly from slaveholders, who opposed any form of abolitionism. In order to safeguard the Episcopal Church's future, the denomination had to reject Crummell's application.
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43

Cabrita, Joel. "People of Adam: Divine Healing and Racial Cosmopolitanism in the Early Twentieth-Century Transvaal, South Africa." Comparative Studies in Society and History 57, no. 2 (March 20, 2015): 557–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417515000134.

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AbstractThis article analyses the intersection between cosmopolitanism and racist ideologies in the faith healing practices of the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion. Originally from Illinois, USA, this organization was the period's most influential divine healing group. Black and white members, under the leadership of the charismatic John Alexander Dowie, eschewed medical assistance and proclaimed God's power to heal physical affliction. In affirming the deity's capacity to remake human bodies, church members also insisted that God could refashion biological race into a capacious spiritual ethnicity: a global human race they referred to as the “Adamic” race. Zionist universalist teachings were adopted by dispossessed and newly urbanized Boer ex-farmers in Johannesburg, Transvaal, before spreading to the soldiers of the British regiments recently arrived to fight the Boer states in the war of 1899–1902. Zionism equipped these estranged white “races” with a vocabulary to articulate political reconciliation and a precarious unity. But divine healing was most enthusiastically received among the Transvaal's rural Africans. Amidst the period's hardening segregation, Africans seized upon divine healing's innovative racial teachings, but both Boers and Africans found disappointment amid Zion's cosmopolitan promises. Boers were marginalized within the new racial regimes of the Edwardian empire in South Africa, and white South Africans had always been ambivalent about divine healing's incorporations of black Africans into a unitary race. This early history of Zionism in the Transvaal reveals the constriction of cosmopolitan aspirations amidst fast-narrowing horizons of race, nation, and empire in early twentieth-century South Africa.
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44

Elliott, Bridget L., Graham I. H. Kerley, and Anton McLachlan. "Patterns of development and succession of vegetated hummocks in slacks of the Alexandria coastal dune field, South Africa." Journal of Coastal Conservation 6, no. 1 (December 2000): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02730471.

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45

Kelly, Simon R. A. "New trigonioid bivalves from the Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula: systematics, paleoecology, and austral Cretaceous Paleobiogeography." Journal of Paleontology 69, no. 2 (March 1995): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000034600.

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Newly discovered trigonioid bivalves are systematically described from the Late Albian of the Fossil Bluff Group of Alexander Island, Antarctic Peninsula. The fauna includes Nototrigonia (Nototrigonia) ponticula Skwarko, N. (Callitrigonia) offsetensis n. sp., Eselaevitrigonia macdonaldi n. sp., Pterotrigonia (Pisotrigonia) capricornia (Skwarko), and Pacitrigonia praenuntians n. sp. It represents the first Albian trigonioid fauna described from the Antarctic. It is also the first published record of the Nototrigoniinae (excluding Pacitrigonia) outside Australasia. Paleoecologically, this fauna represents the shallowest and highest energy molluscan assemblage from the Fossil Bluff Group and occurs near the base of a significant transgressive unit, the Mars Glacier Member of the Neptune Glacier Formation. The paleogeography of Austral Cretaceous trigonioids is reviewed. Endemic centers are identified in India–east Africa, southern South America, and Australasia. Only one trigonioid genus, Pacitrigonia, had its origin in the Antarctic. During the earliest Cretaceous, cosmopolitan trigonioid genera occurred in Antarctica. In the mid-Cretaceous faunal similarity of Antarctica with Australasia was strong, and in the latest Cretaceous affinity with southern South America increased.
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46

MEIKLEJOHN, K. I. "VALLEY ASYMMETRY ON SOUTH-EASTERN ALEXANDER ISLAND, ANTARCTICA, AND VALLEY FORMS IN THE HIGH DRAKENSBERG, SOUTHERN AFRICA." South African Geographical Journal 76, no. 2 (September 1994): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03736245.1994.9713578.

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47

Amedei, Amedeo, Elena Niccolai, Luigi Marino, and Mario Milco D'Elios. "Role of immune response in Yersinia pestis infection." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 09 (June 15, 2011): 628–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1999.

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Yersinia pestis (Y. Pestis) is an infamous pathogen causing plague pandemics throughout history and is a selected agent of bioterrorism threatening public health. Y. pestis was first isolated by Alexandre Yersin in 1894 in Hong Kong and in the years to follow from all continents. Plague is enzootic in different rodents and their fleas in Africa, North and South America, and Asia such as Middle/Far East and ex-USSR countries. Comprehending the multifaceted interaction between Y. pestis and the host immune system will enable us design more effective vaccines. Innate immune response and both component (humoral and cellular) of adaptive immune response contribute to host defense against Y.pestis infection, but the bacterium possess different mechanisms to counteract the immune response. The aims of this review are to analyze the role of immune response versus Yersinia pestis infection and to highlight the various stratagems adopted by Y. pestis to escape the immunological defenses.
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48

Pagnoni, G., A. Armigliato, and S. Tinti. "Scenario-based assessment of buildings damage and population exposure due to tsunamis for the town of Alexandria, Egypt." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 8 (August 27, 2015): 5085–154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-5085-2015.

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Abstract. Alexandria is the second biggest city in Egypt as regards population, is a key economic area in northern Africa and has a very important tourist activity. Historical catalogues indicate that it was severely affected by a number of tsunami events. In this work we assess the tsunami hazard by running numerical simulations of tsunami impact in Alexandria through the Worst-case Credible Tsunami Scenario Analysis (WCTSA). We identify three main seismic sources: the Western Hellenic Arc (WHA – reference event AD 365, Mw = 8.5), the Eastern Hellenic Arc (EHA – reference event 1303, Mw = 8.0) and the Cyprus Arc (CA – hypothetical scenario earthquake with Mw = 8.0), inferred from the tectonic setting and from historical tsunami catalogues. All numerical simulations are carried out by means of the code UBO-TSUFD, developed and maintained by the Tsunami Research Team of the University of Bologna. Relevant tsunami metrics are computed for each scenario and then used to build aggregated fields such as the maximum flood depth and the maximum inundation area. We find that the case that produces the most relevant flooding in Alexandria is the EHA scenario, with wave heights up to 4 m. The aggregate fields are used for a building vulnerability assessment according to a methodology developed in the frame of the EU-FP6 project SCHEMA and further refined in this study, based on the adoption of a suitable building damage matrix and on water inundation depth. It is found that in the districts of El Dekhila and Al Amriyah, to the south-west of the port of Dekhila over 12 000 buildings could be affected and hundreds of them could incur in consequences ranging from important damage to total collapse. It is also found that in the same districts tsunami inundation covers an area of about 15 km2 resulting in more than 150 000 residents being exposed.
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Kößler, Reinhart. "Imperial skulduggery, science and the issue of provenance and restitution." Human Remains and Violence: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/hrv.4.2.3.

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This article explores the history of the Alexander Ecker Collection and situates it within the larger trajectory of global collecting of human remains during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This is then linked to the specific context of the genocide in then German South West Africa (1904–8), with the central figure of Eugen Fischer. The later trajectory of the collection leads up to the current issues of restitution. The Freiburg case is instructive since it raises issues about the possibilities and limitations of provenance research. At the same time, the actual restitution of fourteen human remains in 2014 occurred in a way that sparked serious conflict in Namibia which is still on-going four years later. In closing, exigencies as well as pressing needs in connection with the repatriation and (where possible) rehumanisation of human remains are discussed.
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Cleaver, Julie. "Corruption in the Pacific - a threat to cultural identity." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 23, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i2.331.

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This is an edited transcript of a panel discussion at a Pacific preconference of the World Journalism Education Congress (WJEC) congress in Auckland in July 2016 that relates to fundamentally crucial issues about development in the region. As the world comes more intensely interested in what is going on in the Pacific. Numerous international treaties have been signed with interest in the Pacific from the European Union, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank in partnership with the South Pacific Forum as well as massive interest from foreign donors. How these resources are being deployed is actually crucial to successful development and many news media are trying to trace where the money goes. This is probably one of the biggest challenges, aside from global climate change and the depleting fishery resources, facing the Pacific and is a threat to cultural identity. ‘Corruption is much like cancer: it’s got to be treated early, otherwise there’s going to be massive expensive interventions, as we see in Africa, as we see in Asia, and as we see in South America,’ says panel convenor Fuimaono Tuiasau of Transparency International New Zealand. Panellists were: Dr Shailendra Singh, coordinator of the University of the South Pacific journalism programme, Alexander Rheeney, editor-in-chief of the PNG Post-Courier, and Kalafi Moala, owner, publisher and editor of Taimi ‘o Tonga.
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