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1
Fourie, D. J. "The public finance management act as a reform measure to capacitate public officials." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 5, no. 1 (2002): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v5i1.2672.
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The urgent need to develop South Africa's human resources in the public service has been conceptualized in many policy documents. The underlying objective of efforts to strengthen the human resources in the public sector, is the delivery of effective services to the people of South Africa. In line with the White Paper on the Transformation of the Public Service, 1995, the effective mobilization, development and utilization of human resources are stressed as important factors in the transformation of the public service because of their contribution to individual and institutional capacity to ensure effective governance. Financial resources are important in order to develop and sustain the skills of the public servants; however, there is a tendency to cut the budget for human resource development programmes. Alternative methods should be developed to obtain additional sources of income.
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Luyinda, Richard, Marlien Herselman, and Gerrit Botha. "IT Control Objectives for Implementing the Public Finance Management Act in South Africa." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 5 (2008): 029–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/993.
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Roos, Mariaan. "Governance and Public Sector Transformation in South Africa: Reporting and Providing Assurance on Service Delivery Information." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 1, no. 3 (2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v1i3.33.
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Reporting on performance was legislatively established in South Africa in terms of the Public Finance Management Act, Act 1 of 1999, section 40 (3)(a). The auditing of the reported information was legislated in the Public Audit Act, Act 25 of 2004, section 20(2) (c). The objectives of the article are firstly to provide an overview of the development and application of the reporting and secondly providing assurance on service delivery information and thirdly to reflect on challenges to the implementation thereof in South Africa. The aim through deploying these set objectives is to formulate possible future considerations for improved governance. As central part of the methodology, review of literature on reporting and audit of non-financialwas conducted. The research included scrutiny of the different philosophies and approaches adopted by different countries to the reporting and providing assurance on service delivery information. In this respect, the research reflects a comparative element. In South Africa the Auditor-General adopted a phasing-in approach. The development of the audit approach and audit procedures has reached a stable stage, nine years after the initial process started. The audit of performance information now forms an integral part of the regularity audit process. The analysis of audit findings of the period under study indicates a considerable improvement once initiated, but stagnation persists in subsequent years. Numerous challenges remain around the application of performance reporting in South Africa including non-compliance, the lack of sufficient and appropriate audit evidence, inconsistencies between the various strategic documents and the need to improve the usefulness of performance information. In conclusion the article proposes some steps to address the challenges.
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Nzewi, Ogochukwu, and Prosper Musokeru. "A Critical Review of the Oversight Role of the Office of the Auditor-General in Financial Accountability." Africa’s Public Service Delivery and Performance Review 2, no. 1 (2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/apsdpr.v2i1.42.
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Accountability is the very essence of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (Act No. 108 of 1996). In this regard, the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA) as the supreme audit institution of the Republic of South Africa plays an important oversight role of promoting financial accountability in government. The purpose of this article is to examine the challenges facing the office of the Auditor-General in executing its oversight role of promoting financial accountability in the sphere of provincial government. Information and sources for this article was gathered through literature review. The article gives some background on the establishment and rationale of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI). It explores some policy framework that informs public finance management in the Republic of South Africa, establishing the role of the AGSA within this purview. Based on the data gathered through literature review, the key challenges facing the office of the Auditor-General are discussed. Finally, possible solutions are recommended to the challenges that were identified.
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Brauns, Melody, and David Mdlazi. "Ethics, codes of conduct, morals and professionalism as a bulwark against corruption and unethical conduct in the public sector: A case of South Africa." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 4 (2015): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i4c1art9.
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This paper endeavours to critically examine ethics in South Africa especially after the first democratic elections and later developments. Such an analysis will inevitably overspill to the quality of service delivery and participation. As such there is a need for ethics to be re-examined and investigate how this may be used to improve efficiency and effectiveness in the South African government service. Much has been written on ethics and their relevance to the public sector organisations. Indeed they are critical for service delivery for both sectors namely, private and public sectors. This paper will trace the origins and development of ethics and their relationship with other associated terms such as morals, codes of conduct and relate same to the guidelines emanating from the South African Constitution Act (Act 108 of 1996). Once this objective has been achieved the position of ethics to our daily lives from individual and citizenship perspective will be explored. By such investigation it is envisaged to reposition ethics to our working environment as a vehicle that supports and fuels accelerated quality decision-making and service delivery. In that way it will be possible to locate the area of responsibility and accountability in the public sector. One will also examine the power-authority-responsibility triangle relative to ethics, ethical conduct, codes of conduct, and professionalism and indicate how these can be effectively applied to address issues of violation of human right through fundamental deprivation of critical services and products.
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Dzomira, Shewangu. "Financial accountability & governance in an emerging country." Corporate Ownership and Control 14, no. 3 (2017): 204–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv14i3c1art6.
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In the public sector the agents have the responsibility of being accountable to the exploitation of the resources towards service delivery. The public sector expenditure has been characterised with wasteful and fruitless, irregular and unauthorised expenditures. Therefore governance embraces the engagements set to certify that the anticipated upshots for stakeholders (citizens) are limpid and realized. This study is grounded on agency theory as it seeks out to analyse public expenditure and governance in South Africa’s public sector. The research study followed a qualitative research approach based on an interpretative philosophy which examined meaningful and symbolic content of qualitative data from 24 General Reports on The Provincial Audit Outcomes for the three periods (2012-2013; 2013-2014 and 2014-2015). The research results propose that public sector financial governance in South Africa is pitiable as the public agencies perpetrate an act of financial misdemeanour as they continue to errantly make irregular expenditures, unauthorised expenditures and, fruitless and wasteful expenditures. Public finance management reform is a necessity as it can aid governments move to single accounting systems across the public sector, permitting centralised planning and budgeting, as well as the capacity to observe the expenditure of funds centrally. It is recommended that governments should implement integrated financial management systems which allows for integrated budgeting, financial management, procurement and supply chain management.
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Marimuthu, Ferina. "Government assistance to state-owned enterprises: a hindrance to financial performance." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 2 (2020): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(2).2020.04.
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This study aimed to examine whether government financial assistance influences the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. Commercial state-owned enterprises in South Africa that are listed under the Public Financial Management Act during the post-apartheid era from 1995 to 2017 were sampled. Government guarantees were measured as a dummy variable, while financial performance was measured by accounting measure: return on assets (ROA). Endogeneity issues were addressed, and data analysis was performed on an unbalanced panel using the two-step system GMM. The empirical evidence indicated that support by the government in the form of guarantees and subsidies has a significant negative effect on the financial performance of state-owned enterprises. This is an indication that continued government bailouts to poor performing state-owned enterprises exacerbates their poor financial performance and encourages these enterprises to become too reliant on government assistance, burdening the national fiscus. AcknowledgmentsThe author gratefully acknowledges the National Research Foundation of South Africa for the research grant and Dr Farai Kwenda for his supervision during the study.
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Mditshwa, Siviwe, and Rozenda Hendrickse. "Coega and East London industrial development zones (IDZs): the financial and socio-economic impact of the Eastern Cape IDZs and their prospects." Public and Municipal Finance 6, no. 3 (2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/pmf.06(3).2017.01.
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The aim of this article was to assess the financial and socio-economic impact of the two Industrial Development Zones (IDZs) emanating from the public-private partnerships (PPPs) arrangement in the Buffalo City and Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipalities, located in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. The metropolitan municipalities, despite the introduction of PPPs, are still faced with serious socio-economic challenges such as slow economic growth, increased poverty levels, unemployment and mostly stagnant infrastructure development as a result of underfunding. In addition, metropolitan municipalities remain obliged to deliver on their constitutional mandate, which is the provision of services to communities consistent with the Municipal Financed Management Act (MFMA) and Municipal Systems Act (MSA). Municipal financial planning and management leads to the development of methods to achieve sound financial performance in municipalities in line with service delivery demands. Sound municipal financial performance enables the municipalities to provide goods and services to all citizens. The study adopted a quantitative research approach, where a structured questionnaire was administered to 50 purposely selected participants. A core finding of the study suggested that the metropolitan municipalities benefited from the IDZs PPP arrangements where project planning, development and management skills were transferred to government officials, impacting on improved service delivery. A key recommendation forwarded suggests that both the national government and metropolitan municipalities need to champion PPP procurement through the enhancement of the Municipal Public Private Partnership Implementation Framework. The study concluded that a regulation, such as the aforementioned, without a structured implementation plan, eminently jeopardizes an investor’s interest in PPP arrangements, with negative financial consequences for the state.
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Molefe, Karabo, Natanya Meyer, and Jacques De Jongh. "A Comparative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Challenges Faced by SMMEs: The Case of the Emfuleni and Midvaal Local Municipal Areas." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (2018): 7–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2401.
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Flourishing and thriving small, medium and micro enterprise (SMME) sectors have become one of the leading recognised cornerstones of economic development. The ability of these businesses to act as key drivers of economic growth, innovation and job creation make them valuable assets towards any nation’s strive for a more inclusive economic and social outlook. For South Africa in particular, burdened by an epidemic of unemployment, poverty and income inequality, SMMEs role in improving the socio-economic environment proves pivotal. Yet, despite their potential, these businesses face a myriad of challenges, emanating from both internal and external environments, that restricts their growth and development. The primary aim of this study is to identify and compare the main socio-economic challenges faced by SMMEs in two local areas within the Vaal Triangle region. The study made use of a quantitative research approach and a cross-sectional research design through means of the survey method. The sample consisted of a total of 198 SMME owners that resided in both the Emfuleni (ELM) (n = 100) and Midvaal (MLM) (n = 98) local municipal areas. Data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics, cross tabulations and chi-square tests. Overall the results of the study revealed that amongst the biggest challenges faced by SMMEs included managerial as well as economic aspects such as a lack of skilled labour, insufficient business training and lacklustre local economic conditions. The comparative analysis further revealed more significant infrastructural challenges in the Emfuleni local municipal area while market challenges such as a lack of demand as well as higher transportation costs were experienced by SMMEs located in the Midvaal area. The findings of the study provide valuable insight towards fostering an enabling environment for SMME development, specifically on local levels. In this regard policy stakeholders should adopt a multi-sectoral SMME focus. Possible recommendations include enhanced macroeconomic stability, strong public-private partnership formation and the provision of strong business support structures that facilitate management skills development together with the provision of strategic finance facilities.
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Utembe, Wells. "Regulatory Control and Management of Public Health Pesticides in South Africa." Outlooks on Pest Management 30, no. 6 (2019): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v30_dec_05.
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Pesticides used in residential settings may have harmful health effects. There are reports about pesticide poisoning in South Africa, especially among children under the age of five years. The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the Department of Health use the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act (Act No. 36) to ensure that pesticides are only registered after a rigorous science-based risk assessment. The Act 36 was designed primarily for agricultural pesticides. Therefore, guidelines have recently been developed to facilitate registration of PHPs. However, these guidelines do not provide guidance on acceptable methods for estimating residential exposures. Furthermore, inadequate monitoring and regulation of pesticides have resulted in the use of highly toxic pesticides in residential and commercial settings. Responsible government agencies and independent poisoning information centres (PICs) appear to lack the capacity routinely to report and investigate all pesticide-poisoning incidents adequately and comprehensively. Therefore, there is need to strengthen the capacity of responsible agencies as well as to conduct a revision of Act 36 in order to address critical gaps with regards to the registration, monitoring and surveillance of PHPs.
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Gravett, Sarah, and Coert Loock. "Towards a governance and management model for teaching schools in South Africa." South African Journal of Childhood Education 4, no. 3 (2014): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v4i3.237.
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This article reports on a project that was aimed at establishing a model for the governance of teaching schools in South Africa within the framework of the current legal dispensation for the public and the independent schooling sector. The paper mainly addresses the powers and functions of public schools and school governing bodies as defined within the broader framework of The South African Schools Act 84 of 1996, The National Education Policy Act (Act 27 of 1996), and the Employment of Educators Act (Act 76 of 1998). The analysis of these statutes informed the proposal of four possible models for governance of teaching schools. The article recommends two models that fit the mandate of teaching schools as envisioned in the Integrated Strategic Planning Framework for Teacher Education and Development in South Africa, 2011–2025: 1) a model that provides for teaching schools as a school type at national (not provincial) level, and 2) the independent school model
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Mojapelo, Makutla. "Strengthening public sector records management through the Information Regulator in South Africa." Journal of the South African Society of Archivists 53 (December 16, 2020): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsasa.v53i1.7.
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The Information Regulator in South Africa is charged with the responsibility to regulate access to information. The implementation of the access to information legislation is heavily dependent on proper records management in the public sector; however, there is consensus among researchers that records are poorly managed in the public sector. The purpose of the study is to describe how records management in the public sector in South Africa can be strengthened through the Information Regulator. This qualitative study utilised document analysis and literature review for data collection. The study was limited to one mandate of the Information Regulator, which is the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA). The PAIA was analysed to contextualise the correlation between the Act and records management in the public sector. The study found that the successful implementation of specific sections of the PAIA is dependent on proper records management. While it is acknowledged that the Information Regulator is making inroads into records management space, the study recommends that extra effort needs to be made to strengthen collaboration with the National Archives and Records Service of South Africa, which is charged with a statutory regulatory role for records management in public bodies. A framework was developed to outline the role that the Information Regulator can play to strengthen records management service in the public sector.
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Fourie, David. "Ethics in municipal supply chain management in South Africa." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 33, no. 7 (2018): 726–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094218809598.
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Corruption is an obstacle to democracy and the rule of law. In a democratic system it is therefore essential that public offices and institutions retain their legitimacy by being accountable as stewards for the scare public funds. However, in a developing country such as South Africa, it may be difficult to develop and maintain accountable political leadership in a climate that is widely acknowledged to have become corrupt. This paper reflects on the ethics and the cost of unethical behaviour in general, and of corruption in local government procurement in South Africa in particular.
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Miruka, Collins Ogutu, Gisele Mah, and Mamello A. Nchake. "Financial guarantees and public debt in South Africa." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3c2art7.
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A few years since the worst of the Euro sovereign debt crisis, many nations, from Cyprus to Ireland, including South Africa are re-visiting their public debt management to avert or lessen the impact of similar such happenings in the future. There are a number of studies on risk assessments of fiscal sustainability; however, few focus on contingent liabilities and even fewer on financial guarantees. In South Africa, financial guarantees have consistently comprised just above or below 50% of all contingent liabilities since the early days of majoritarian rule. In lieu of this, the paper analyses the risks posed by financial guarantees to fiscal sustainability in South Africa. We estimate the effect of financial guarantees on public debt in South Africa via the Engle Granger and causality model with quarterly time series data obtained from the South African Reserve Bank (SARB) as well as the National Treasury. The data covers the April 1997 to December 2011 period. All econometric methods were executed using the statistical software package E-Views 7. We found that no long run relationship exists between national net loan debt and financial guarantees in South Africa. The pass rate of financial guarantees significantly affects its present value. The pass rate of financial guarantees has a predicting ability in determining the present value of national net loan debt. These findings may be contrary to what would be expected in the case of South Africa considering that the country is managing the issuance of financial guarantees prudently and that at present levels, there is no need for a radical policy shift. The study therefore offers a lesson to similar merging economies on the good governance of contingent liabilities.
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Netshakhuma, Nkholedzeni Sidney. "Analysis of archives infrastructure in South Africa." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 69, no. 4/5 (2019): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-03-2019-0043.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which the Mpumalanga Provincial Archives (MPA) complies with the Mpumalanga Archives Act, 2008 legislative/policy provisions of archives building, capacity building and electronic records management and to suggest recommendations for effective archives and records management (ARM) programme in South Africa. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a quantitative approach supplemented by qualitative data using document review to collect data and content analysis. Findings The results show that MPA enacted Mpumalanga Archives Act, 2008. However, the challenge is the implementation of such legislation. The findings of this paper would contribute towards the literature in archival legislation in South Africa and other parts of the world. Research limitations/implications Even though the paper was based in South Africa, it was limited to the MPA of South Africa. Practical implications The findings are expected to be instrumental in the implementation of Mpumalanga Archives Act, 2008. Social implications The findings and recommendations will help in guiding MPA on the implementation of an effective provincial archive and records to facilitate the effective management of records to determine those of archival value, to preserve them for posterity and to make them accessible to the public. Originality/value This is an original study using a document review to review the Mpumalanga Archives Act, 1998. The effective archives infrastructure will contribute to compliance with legislative components such as archives building, cooperation, ERMS, appraisal and disposal of records, archives advisory body and access to information.
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Grote, M., N. J. Schoeman, M. L. Truu, J. H. Van Heerden, and J. J. Van Tonder. "Aspects of fiscal devolution in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 1 (2000): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i1.2599.
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This paper is the joint product of a think tank, initiated in the public sector and extended to a group of academics. It may be seen as the executive summary of a rather voluminous report for internal use in the Department of Finance on fiscal federalism, one of the large economic issues facing the New South Africa. Debate on the subject continues.
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Spindler, Zane A. "The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part II: The public choice of capital gains taxation and public policy." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 2 (2001): 234–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i2.2639.
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Public Finance and Public Choice principles are used to analyze the ideological and practical basis for the proposed introduction of a Capital Gains Tax into the income tax system of South Africa. The paper concludes that this is a flawed tax whose time has passed - especially for countries like South Africa.
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Reddy, P. S. "Local Government Training: A Review of the South African Experience." Public Personnel Management 24, no. 2 (1995): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609502400207.
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Local authorities are established to give the citizens of the town or city the opportunity to provide those services which are fundamental to community living. They provide essential services and it is therefore imperative that members of the legislative, governing and administrative components be effectively trained. The councilors are members of the political institution, namely the council.1 The councilors have to undertake legislative and governmental functions in addition to their supervision of the appointed officials who constitute the executive and administrative component. The council is the corporate body and is therefore the employer and the appointed officials are its employees. The Local Government Training Act is the first overall human resources strategy in South Africa that lays down the policy for the creation, development and maintenance of administrative structures and institutions to enable suitably trained people to undertake all the diverse functions of local government. In this paper the administrative structures and institutions for the implementation of the Act is described. This is followed by discussion of the problems' experienced in the implementation of the Act and finally an evaluation of the Act as an overall policy document for local government training in a democratic South Africa.
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Coetzee, Francois, and Pieter W. Buys. "The impact of the independent review on SME access to bank finance: the case of South Africa." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 1 (2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(1-1).2017.06.
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It is accepted that SMEs are major contributors to global employment and GDP. Similarly, SMEs’ reliance on bank finance to maintain financial and operational sustainability is also globally accepted. In 2008, the Company’s Act of South Africa was amended to scrap the statutory audit requirement for qualifying entities, with the aim of alleviating the administrative burden of SMEs and increase their sustainability potential. As sound as this strategy may have been, a grey area arose in that banks may still insist on audited financial statements. This study investigates the question as to whether South African banks still consider audited financial statements as key in evaluating SME bank finance applications. This was done by analyzing the major banks’ requirements per their policies and follow-up discussions with loan officers. Contrary to expectations, the historic focus per audited financial statements was considered of much less importance than progressive future-oriented management statements and reports.
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Venter, J. M. P. "Are South African financial advisor addressing the estate planning objectives that are important to their client?" Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 2 (2014): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i2c1art5.
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Estate planning is an important aspect of any effective financial plan. When preparing an estate plan several objectives identified by the individual planner, as well as several pieces of legislation have to be considered. In South Africa the actions of financial advisors are regulated by the Financial Advisory and Intermediary Services Act. The act aims to ensure that the financial advisor act in the best interest of his / her client. If the act meets its set objectives there will be an alignment of objectives set by a financial advisor and his / her client. This study investigates the existence of an expectation gap between the estate planning objectives considered to be important by the financial advisor and the importance allocated to these factors by the clients. The study found that there was an expectation gap for three of the objectives that should be considered in the estate plan.
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Mlungwana, N., and C. Jackson. "SUMMARISING THE NATIONAL INVENTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA FOR THE PUBLIC AND ITS APPLICATION IN HERITAGE MANAGEMENT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W5 (August 21, 2017): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w5-521-2017.
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This paper will focus on the national inventory of South Africa and application in heritage management. The South African Heritage Resources Agency (SAHRA) is mandated to compile and maintain an inventory of the national estate, defined as heritage resources of cultural and other significance as per Sections 3 and 39 of the National Heritage Resources Act. No.25 of 1999. This inventory is presented in a form of a database facilitated through the South African Heritage Resources Information System (SAHRIS). SAHRA is also mandated to produce a summary and analysis of this inventory of the national estate at regular intervals as per Section 39(7) of the NHRA. This inventory and its subsequent publication facilitate accountability for the institution, access to the data by the public as well as public awareness. The national inventory is populated through numerous digitisation projects by various heritage institutions namely museums, galleries, Provincial Heritage Resources Authorities (PHRA’s) and the public at large.
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Strydom, JSG, and JH Van Rooyen. "Do portfolio managers in South Africa consider human behaviour issues when making investment decisions or advising clients?" Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 3 (2009): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i3p12.
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The efficient market hypothesis is based on the assumption that individuals act rationally, processing all available information in their decision-making process. Prices therefore reflect the appropriate risk and return. However, research conducted regarding the ways that investors arrive at decisions when faced with uncertainty, has revealed that this is in fact not always the case. People often make systematic errors, the so-called cognitive biases, which lead them to less rational behavior than the traditional economic paradigm predicts. These cognitive biases have been found to be responsible for various irregular phenomena often observed in financial markets as (turbulence or, volatility, seasonable cycles, "bubbles", etc. Behavioral finance attempts to explain some of the changes in the financial markets that cannot be explained by the efficient market hypothesis. This research reviews some results from the behavioral finance and other related literature. A survey was also done to determine whether the most prominent portfolio managers in South Africa are aware of behavioral finance issues/models and consider the influence of cognitive issues when making investment decisions or giving advice to clients.
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Choma, Hlako, Thifulufhelwi Cedric Tshidada, and Tshegofatso Kgarabjang. "The impact of the credit legislation on consumers." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4siart8.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine two South Africa legislations dealing with over indebtedness of a consumer. It is clear that in terms of the South African law, section 129 (1) and 130 (3) of the National Credit Act provide that a creditor provider who wishes to enforce a debt under a credit agreement must first issue a section 129 (1) (a) notice to the consumer (the purpose of the notice is to notify the consumer of his/her arrears). On the other hand, the South African National Credit Act encourages the consumers to fulfil the financial obligations for which they are responsible. The second legislation to be examined which serve or appear to serve same purpose as the National Credit Act is the Insolvency Act. It therefore, postulated that the compulsory sequestration of a consumer in terms of the Insolvency Act would stand as an alternative remedy for a credit provider before she/he can have recourse mechanisms, such as debt review that are focused on satisfaction of the consumer’s financial obligation , in terms of the provisions of the National Credit Act. The paper determines to what extend these measures comply with the constitutional consumer protection demands. The legislature had been pertinently cognizant of the Insolvency Act when it lately enacted the National Credit Act. This is much apparent from the express amendment of section 84 of the Insolvency Act to the extent set out in schedule 2 of the National Credit Act
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Spindler, Zane A. "The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part I: The public finance of capital gains taxation." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (2001): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v4i1.2628.
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Public Finance and Public Choice principles are used to analyze the ideological and practical basis for the proposed introduction of a Capital Gains Tax into the income tax system of South Africa. The paper concludes that this is a flawed tax whose time has passed - especially for countries like South Africa.
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Anderson, S. E., Frederik J. Mostert, and J. H. Mostert. "The underwriting process of liability insurance in South Africa." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 4, no. 1 (2014): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv4i1art5.
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Liability risks may embody far-reaching financial consequences for individuals, business enterprises and professional people. This paper focuses on the underwriting process which should be taken into consideration by short-term insurers when they are underwriting the main types of liability insurance, which include employer’s, householder’s, personal, product, professional and public liability insurance. The improvement of financial decision-making by short-term insurers when underwriting liability insurance represents the objective of this research. A study of secondary data was done to identify the existing literature, which formed the basis for compiling a questionnaire to obtain primary data. The top 10 short-term insurers which are the market leaders of liability insurance in South Africa and who received more than 85% of the annual gross written premiums for liability insurance in South Africa, represented the sample of the empirical study. This paper highlights the importance of the underwriting factors concerning liability insurance, how often the stipulations of insurance policies should be adjusted by the short-term insurers to account for the underwriting factors, as well as the problem areas which the underwriters may experience when they are underwriting liability insurance. Possible solutions to solve the problem areas were also addressed.
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Jinabhai, Dinesh C. "New Challenges for South African Development and Training — Linkages to Empirical Research." Public Personnel Management 34, no. 1 (2005): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600503400105.
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With the introduction in South Africa of the Skills Development Act (1998) and the Skills Development Levies Act (1999) respectively, employer organizations are obliged to set aside a portion of their annual payroll for the internal training and development of their workforce. The function of the statutory National Skills Authority (NSA) is to implement the skills development strategy, monitor its performance and report the progress made by the Sector Education and Training Authorities (SETAs). In the South African context, training and development has only recently received attention as a means of addressing critical personnel development initiatives. The focus is now shifting towards fast tracking skills development, which is being integrated into the overall business plan of organizations. Strategies need to be initiated to harness knowledge workers as competitive resources for the new global economy and for world-class competitiveness. This article accentuates the importance of the skills development strategy and offers a systems approach to skills development for organizations. It also highlights some empirical research and its linkages to the emerging challenges of the skills development strategy in South Africa. The article concludes with implications for skills development and training and maps the way for future research.
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REGNIER, PHILIPPE. "SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERS AMONG AGRO-FOOD SMES: THE CASE OF SOUTHEAST ASIA AND WESTERN AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 14, no. 02 (2009): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946709001193.
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This article reviews some results of a policy research project addressing agro-food SME trade promotion in Southeast Asian and Western African developing economies. The project was conducted by a group of scientific institutions based in Hanoi (Vietnam), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Geneva (Switzerland). The article documents the capacity of Southeast Asian and Western African agro-food SMEs to access domestic, regional and possibly global markets, as well as the role of international cooperation (public and private) to promote agro-food SME trade within and outside Southeast Asia, and Western Africa respectively. The article also calls for interested OECD and non-OECD partners to contribute to two types of South-South trade emerging innovations in the field of SME agro-business matching, namely, the promotion of existing and new business linkages between Southeast Asian and Western African agro-food SMEs (trade, finance and appropriate technology transfer), and the promotion of public-private partnerships to facilitate such agro-food SME business linkages between far distant Southeast Asia and Western Africa.
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Moloi, Tankiso. "Governance of risks in South Africa’s public higher education institutions (HEIs)." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 2 (2016): 226–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-1).2016.09.
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The author examines the manner in which risk is governed within higher education institutions (HEIs) in South Africa by formulating risk governance statements based on the requirements of the King III Report on Corporate Governance and other relevant literature. The formulated risk governance statements are used to develop the risk disclosure measurement index. Disclosure measurement method is accepted as a flexible method to use when extracting the pre-determined information in the annual reports. The developed risk disclosure index is used to extract the information from South Africa’s higher education institutions’ annual reports. The information disclosed in these annual reports is deemed a proxy of risk management practices within the higher education institution concerned. The results obtained indicate that South Africa’s higher education institutions have not embraced risk management as a key process in their activities. This is apparent in the assessed annual reports as compliance with the pre-determined set of statements was around 50%. For those that have not demonstrated these practices, it is stated that the concern is around the manner in which their highest decision makers make decisions, as it appears that risks may not necessarily be taken into account. As higher education institutions in South Africa continues to face challenges and they would possible be revising their strategies to take into account the recent events, every strategic decision being undertaken should be accompanied by a proper risk assessment to identify potential pitfalls (threats) and/or take advantage to achieve results promptly (opportunities)
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Mathaba, Richard Siphamandla Ryan, and Nirmala Dorasamy. "Education within public management in South Africa: A focus on external Whole-School Evaluation process’ contribution in Mpumalanga province." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 5, no. 3 (2015): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv5i3c1art6.
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The study focused on the role played by public sector management in South Africa towards the country’s total development and improvement. This article also analyses how through the Whole School Evaluation (WSE) process, the education system in South Africa seeks to ensure that the schooling is effective. This paper examines public management, public administration as well as new public management (NPM). The aim is to illustrate a view of how education fits in the broader public management and how the WSE process assists schooling in South Africa and Mpumalanga in particular. This is to ensure that the schooling is effective and contribute towards service delivery and the country’s overall development and improvement. Furthermore, WSE as a process, is viewed through five of NPM undisputable and debatable characteristics of accountability for performance; performance measurement; performance auditing; policy analysis and evaluation; and strategic planning and management. Public management functions and public management principles are discussed from a point of how the WSE process strives to ensure that it complies with these function and principles, and how this compliance benefit school improvement. This paper came to a number of conclusions regarding education within public management from a WSE perspective. Firstly, education through the external WSE process conforms to this principle of New Public Management in that evaluation is aimed at improving the quality of education. Also, the external WSE, as a process, and education in general, through the NPM principles can be performed within public management. Furthermore, external WSE conforms to public management principles as well as Batho Pele principles.
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Msomi, Thabiso, and Odunayo Olarewaju. "Evaluation of access to finance, market and viability of small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (2021): 281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.24.
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Access to finance and market has been described as a predominant challenge confronting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Hence, this paper seeks to evaluate access to finance, market access and viability of SMEs. A quantitative research method and a purposive sampling technique were used to select the participants for this study. Respondents from retail, manufacturing, construction and agricultural SMEs operating in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, were selected to complete the structured questionnaires. 310 questionnaires were returned out of 321 distributed. The study revealed a significant effect of access to finance (absolute value 0.425) and access to market (absolute vale 0.373) on SMEs’ viability with a 5% level of significance. Thus, it was concluded that access to finance uniquely accounted for the larger proportion of the variance in the regression model. Thus, this study suggests that owners of SMEs should pay greater attention to access to finance in running their businesses, and the Government should aid SMEs to market their products and keep their businesses viable. Public loans or the government supported loans should be made available for SMEs with soften requirements in order to stimulate economic growth.
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Maroun, Warren, David Coldwell, and Magda Turner. "Capital gains tax in South Africa: Perceptions of fairness?" South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 17, no. 2 (2014): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v17i2.409.
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Regulatory developments are often presented as being in the public interest but recent studies on corporate governance have suggested otherwise. In some cases, regulatory change is driven more by the self-interest of the political elite than by the need for substantive reform. This paper adds to this debate by considering whether capital gains tax (CGT) in South Africa is an example of a genuine attempt to improve the perceived fairness of the tax system or whether perceptions of fairness are being used simply to further political agendas. The paper concludes that the latter may be the case. South Africa is used as a case study because of the fairly recent introduction of CGT, as an example of a material amendment to tax policy, and because of the country’s fairly recent transition to democracy.
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Calitz, Estian, Krige Siebrits, and Ian Stuart. "Enhancing the accuracy of fiscal projections in South Africa." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 3 (2016): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i3.1142.
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The accuracy of the National Treasury's projections of GDP and key fiscal aggregates is comparable to that of the projections of private sector economists, other reputable organisations and the fiscal authorities of other countries. The errors in the projections of the National Treasury have nonetheless been substantial in some years, and have increased from 2000/01 to 2010/11. This paper argues that the credibility of fiscal policy would have been severely tested if the largest annual errors in respect of the various aggregates had coincided. Against this backdrop, the paper makes the case for structured bi-annual discussions of government’s forecasts during public parliamentary hearings as a mechanism for improving the accuracy and credibility of official projections. It also discusses the potential benefits for South Africa of two alternative mechanisms, namely fiscal councils and committees of independent experts.
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Naicker, Bathmanathan Vasie, and Md Humayun Kabir. "Implementation of South African national credit act and its impact on home loans market: The case of First National Bank." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 3, no. 2 (2013): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i2art1.
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Since it has been observed that credit granting is a serious problem across the entire credit market, South Africa introduced National Credit Act 34 of 2005 in order to regulate the credit industry and protect credit consumers from becoming over-indebted. The study highlights and examines the implementation of the Act in relation to the South African home loans market, focussing on First National Bank home loans portfolio. The study documents that the current state of consumer indebtedness shows that both credit institutions and consumers were responsible for over extending retail credit. The study noticed that credit industry has significantly managed to regulate the retail credit through the implementation of the Act. Furthermore, the study finds that a new stakeholder such as a debt counsellor has been introduced into the retail credit value chain for debt counselling for over-indebted clients. However, the study recommends that internal forums within banks as well as industry-wide forums should be used in order to ensure that the implementation of a regulation that impacts the entire credit industry is implemented with all stakeholders to limit any possible misinterpretation of key sections of a new regulation.
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Moyo, Inocent, and Sifiso Xulu. "Public Knowledge, Perceptions and Practices in the High-Risk Lightning Zone of South Africa." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (2021): 7448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147448.
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Lightning activity is a hazard for human societies and the environment, and a common feature of South Africa’s climate system, although with great regional variation. The north-eastern section of the country, including the predominantly rural uMkhanyakude District Municipality, is among the most vulnerable regions, where a growing trend of lightning-related deaths and injuries has been observed in recent years. Despite this, and the Disaster Management Act (No. 57 of 2002), which mandates the implementation of hazard and risk assessments at all scales, no detailed research on the community risk perception of lightning incidents has yet been conducted, although such information could help to facilitate mitigation strategies. This explorative study involved a questionnaire survey of 150 community members that aimed to address this gap. Our results suggest that lightning is a real danger and the community had failed to effectively and successfully respond to its various socio-economic implications at the community and individual levels; this demonstrated the vulnerability of the community to the lightning activity in the study area. The contribution of this study is the identification and explanation of how lightning is regarded, understood, interpreted and responded to and how this information provides an opportunity for effective government intervention.
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Augustine Umezurike, Samuel, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Lucky Asuelime. "Socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern African development." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (2016): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-2).2016.08.
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Notwithstanding its struggles to tame the high levels of poverty and inequality, South Africa is considered as a major economic hub of Africa. However, as an economic hub, there are other countries that perceive South Africa as a capitalist, neo-liberal economy that goes all out to dominate not only its neighbors in the southern hemisphere, but also many other developing nations in the continent. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to assess the socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern Africa. As far as the authors are concerned, there is yet to be a frank analyses of the varying perspectives, as well as a holistic explanation of the clearly, yet complex relationship which exists between South Africa and many other countries in the southern hemisphere. While the authors acknowledge the efforts of several scholars in trying to juxtapoze the nuances in these relationships, they insist that there has not been a contextual treatment with due consideration for the socio-economic implications of South African business expansion in Africa. Thus, the authors sincerely believe that the paper has serious implications for emerging economies especially in Africa. Other African countries can learn from South Africa’s tactical brilliance; the way it has positioned its economy as a major economic hub in Africa with illustrious attractions that are derived from sophisticated infrastructure, a good educational system, a functional health care system and world class standard ecotourism. The study was conducted using documentary analysis and, therefore, allowed the researchers to source and utilize documents, both in private and public domain, on the basis of their relevance to the research. Keywords: democracy, foreign direct investment, public administration, Southern African Development Community, Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Power Pool, regional cooperation. JEL Classification: H5, N27, 016, 019, 024, 055
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Albertus, Rene Winifred. "Diffusion of the Ethical Philosophy of Good Governance at the National Oil Company of South Africa." Indian Journal of Corporate Governance 12, no. 1 (2019): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974686219836543.
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This article seeks to examine challenges affecting the ethical philosophy of senior management at South Africa’s national oil and gas company. South Africa’s economy has been downgraded to junk status due to mismanagement of public funds in public enterprises. Government parastatals have come under major scrutiny in recent years for transgressing the code of good conduct prescribed by the King Report. The article presents a conceptual exploration of corporate governance challenges and is underpinned by diffusion of responsibility and moral hypocrisy which has roots in social psychology. Social psychology can be used as an overlap for strategy and institutional concepts, which encourages new ways of addressing corporate responsibility. The research reveals the impact on state enterprises financial stability when senior management diffuses responsibility and is not prosecuted or held accountable under the constitutional Act 108 of 1996. The article highlights one of the many corporate responsibility transgressions by state-owned enterprises who should be responsible for building the economy rather than destroying public value.
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Van der Walt, R. "Sharing business information with employees." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 3 (2003): 542–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i3.3305.
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The adoption of legislation such as the Labour Relations Act No 66 of 1995 and the Promotion of Access to Information Act No 2 of 2000 has brought about radical change in the process of disclosure of information in South African organisations. The article reviews developments in respect of information disclosure in South Africa and other countries and discusses the effects of the LRA in regard to disclosure of information to trade unions and workplace forums. It then describes a study conducted by the author and discusses the findings. It concludes with pointing out certain shortcomings in the disclosure process and urges managements and the trade unions to work together to improve this important tool for achieving success in organisations and enhancing industrial democracy.
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Scott, Deon, Christa Wingard, and Marilene van Biljon. "Challenges with the financial reporting of biological assets by public entities in South Africa." South African Journal of Economics and Management Sciences 19, no. 1 (2016): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n1a9.
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Mbonigaba, Josue, and Saidou Baba Oumar. "The relative efficiency of South African municipalities in providing public health care." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 3 (2016): 346–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-04-2014-0028.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the relative efficiency of South African municipalities in primary health care and hospital care is different and whether South African municipalities can learn from each other to improve on their efficiency. Design/methodology/approach The paper employs efficiency scores, estimated with data envelopment analysis using data from the District Health Barometer of the Health Systems Trust to rank South African municipalities across primary health care and hospital health care. Findings The finding is that the ranking of municipalities is not the same across both types of health care when efficiency scores and efficiency score growth are contemplated. These results imply that municipalities in South Africa are generally inefficient, but with the possibility of learning from each other’s practice in order to increase their technical efficiency. Practical implications The health system authority should monitor service-specific best practices among municipalities so that they can use them as practice guidelines for other municipalities. Originality/value Previous studies in South Africa have not dis-aggregated efficiency analysis across municipalities which are health system components of the broader national health system.
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Fana, Thanduxolo, and Jane Goudge. "Austerity, resilience and the management of actors in public hospitals: a qualitative study from South Africa." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 2 (2021): e004157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004157.
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BackgroundGlobal economic recession coupled with internal inefficiencies and corruption has led to a period of austerity in the South African healthcare system.This paper examines the strategies used by management in response to austerity in the three public hospitals and their effect on organisational functioning.MethodsWe used a comparative qualitative case study approach, collecting data using a combination of in-depth interviews with managers, and focus group discussion and interviews with shop stewards and staff.ResultsAusterity, imposed by the introduction of a provincial cost containment committee, has led to a reduction in staff, benefits, shortages of equipment and delayed procurement and recruitment processes. Managers in the first hospital maintained training on labour relations for staff and managers, they jointly planned how to cope with reduced staff and initiated a new forum for HR and finance staff. These strategies improved the way actors engaged, enabling them to resolve problems. Good communication ensured that staff understood what was within the hospitals control and what was not. A second hospital relied on absorptive strategies, such as asking staff to do more with less. The result was resistance, and greater use of sick leave. Some staff gave their own money to help feed patients but were angry at management for putting them in this difficult position. Leadership in the third hospital did not manage actors well either; help from the Government’s Expanded Public Works Programme was rejected by the unions, managers did not attend meetings as they felt their contributions were not listened to. Poor communication meant that the managers and staff did not understand what was within the hospital’s control and what was not; a misunderstanding led to a physical fight between managers.ConclusionOrganisational resilience in the face of austerity requires leaders to manage different stakeholders well. Hospital managers who promote democratic or participatory leadership and management, open communication, teamwork and trust among all stakeholders will lead better functioning organisations. A special focus should be placed on such practices to develop the resilience of health systems’ organisations.
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Oche, Mary Oyemowo, Gisele Mah, and Itumeleng Pleasure Mongale. "The effects of public debt on foreign direct investment in South Africa (1983-2013): An empirical analysis." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 6, no. 4 (2016): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv6i4siart2.
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The political move in South Africa occurred against a setting of high government deficits. Efforts have been made over the years by the government to reduce fiscal deficit and inflation, liberalize the capital account and the financial system as well as reduce tariffs. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to empirically investigate the effect of public debt on foreign direct investment in South African for the period 1983 – 2013. The study employs a Vector Error Correction Model, which provides both the long run and short run relationships among the variables. The long run results indicate that the relationship between public debt and foreign direct investment, as well as interest rate and foreign direct investment, is positive and statistically significant, while there is an insignificant negative relationship between exchange rate and foreign direct investment. Based on the long run results, the study, thus, recommend that the level of public debt and interest rate should increase so that the level of foreign direct investment can increase in the country. However, the policy of depreciation of rand is considered inappropriate for the economy if the desire is to increase the level of foreign direct investment in the country.
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Dhanpat, Nelesh, Tlou Manakana, Jessica Mbacaza, Dineo Mokone, and Busisiwe Mtongana. "Exploring retention factors and job security of nurses in Gauteng public hospitals in South Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 10, no. 1 (2019): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-10-2018-0311.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between employee retention and job security and the impact of retention factors on the job security of nurses in public hospitals in South Africa. The retention of nurses is essential in public hospitals in South Africa. It is therefore critical that retention strategies are primed to ensure the job security of nurses.Design/methodology/approachThe study is quantitative in nature, adopts a cross-sectional approach and is set within a positivist research paradigm. Pre-established questionnaires were used to collect data. Non-probability sampling was used to select a convenience sample. Questionnaires were distributed to three public hospitals in Johannesburg and 202 responses were received. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were established through validity and reliability. Inferential and descriptive statistics were deployed to analyse data.FindingsThe study established that there is a relationship between retention factors and job security. The study further identified retention factors as predictors of job security and noted that training and development was the strongest predictor of job security amongst nurses. In addition, the study contributes towards research on retention practices of nurses from a South African perspective.Practical implicationsThe study recommendations are diagrammatically represented. If implemented by human resource practitioners and nursing management, they are likely to enhance job security.Originality/valueThe study provides insights on the retention of nursing professionals in public hospitals in Gauteng and identifies retention factors which contribute most towards job security.
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Nyamori, Robert Ochoki, Abu Shiraz Abdul-Rahaman, and Grant Samkin. "Accounting, auditing and accountability research in Africa." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 30, no. 6 (2017): 1206–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-05-2017-2949.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss developments in governance in Africa and the opportunities this offers to accounting, auditing and accountability researchers. The paper also provides an overview of the other contributions in this accounting, auditing and accountability special issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a contemporary literature review on governance and accountability in Africa, identifying the key developments in public sector reform and the research gaps that still need to be filled. While the paper focuses on Sub-Saharan Africa, the authors draw on examples from Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa – geographically representing east, west, and south of the continent. Findings The paper finds that governance has emerged as a crucial issue that has a significant effect on the economic development of African countries. This has been associated with a myriad of reforms which range from anti-corruption measures to public financial management reforms. The authors find that the implementation and effects of these reforms have not been adequately researched by accounting scholars. Research limitations/implications This is a review of a limited literature. Empirical research and a more comprehensive review of the literature from public administration and other disciplines might provide other new insights for research on governance in Africa. A further limitation is that the study has focused on a review of the most recent reforms while earlier reforms should be of particular interest to accounting historians. Originality/value This paper and other contributions to this special issue of AAAJ provide a basis and an agenda for accounting scholars seeking to undertake interdisciplinary research on Africa.
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Parnell, S. "Shaping a Racially Divided Society: State Housing Policy in South Africa, 1920–50." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 3 (1989): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070261.
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Public housing assistance for poor whites in South Africa was introduced to ensure social and geographical isolation for the voting minority. The policy of relative advantage of housing needs of whites over those of the rest of the working class remained unchallenged until the consummation of residential segregation was achieved under the Group Areas Act of 1950. Although endorsed as an instrument for social and residential cleavage, efforts by the state to give residential assistance to working-class whites prior to the imposition of separate group areas are shown to have been restricted by wider political and economic considerations. Efforts to upgrade and separate the housing of working-class whites from the black urban community met with limited success in the interwar years. After World War 2, fiscal restrictions and the politics that surrounded the rapid urbanisation of Africans challenged the practice, if not the policy, of housing advantage for whites.
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von Holdt, Karl, and Prishani Naidoo. "Mapping movement landscapes in South Africa." Globalizations 16, no. 2 (2018): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1479019.
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du Plessis, Pierre. "Implications of Covid-19 on the management of school financial resources in quintile 5 public schools." South African Journal of Education 40, no. 4 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v40n4a2043.
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With the promulgation of the South African Schools Act, public education in South Africa was decentralised and communities were made responsible for the governance of public schools. White Paper 1 on Education and Training confirmed the inability of the state to meet the financial requirements of public education. Despite the fact that school governing bodies are responsible for raising substantial funding, their ability to appropriate school funds is limited by legislation, irrespective of the origin of the funds or assets in question. These restrictions have a substantial impact on the way financing is structured and managed by public schools. In 2020 schools were closed for more than 2 months due to the Covid-19 lockdown, and many parents were left questioning why they should pay for services not rendered. Using a qualitative research approach, we aimed to determine the impact of Covid-19 on the management of school fees and resources in public schools. The findings reveal that Covid-19 has had an impact on school budgets, teaching posts and fundraising activities, as well as on the day-to-day running of schools.
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Makhoba, Bongumusa Prince, Irrshad Kaseeram, and Lorraine Greyling. "Investigating asymmetric effects of public debt on economic growth in South Africa: a smooth transition regression (STAR) approach." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 12, no. 3 (2021): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-02-2021-0072.
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PurposeThe primary purpose of the study is to analyse the asymmetric effects of public debt on economic growth, using secondary data over the period 1980–2018 in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis study estimated a Smooth Transition Regression (STAR) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach, using time series data to analyse the asymmetric effect of public debt on economic growth in South Africa.FindingsThe findings revealed a significant nonlinear relationship between public debt and economic growth in South Africa. The results showed an inverted U-Shape relationship, implying a significant positive influence of public debt on economic growth during the low-debt regime. While during a high-debt regime, public debt exerted a significant negative effect on economic growth. The study proposes that policymakers ought to consider targeting a sustainable debt threshold that would enhance efficient use of public finances consistent with long-term economic prosperity.Originality/valueThis paper asymmetries and threshold effects between public debt and economic growth in South Africa, through the application of dynamic nonlinear models namely, Smooth Transition Regression (STAR) and Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach. Studies on the relationship under examination have predominantly been confined in advanced economies. This study provides rigorous empirical evidence from the South African perspective.
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Ntsalaze, Zuziwe, Gideon Boako, and Paul Alagidede. "The impact of sovereign credit ratings on corporate credit ratings in South Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 2 (2017): 126–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2016-0100.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of sovereign credit ratings on corporations in South Africa by assessing whether the sovereign rating assigned to South Africa by credit rating agencies acts as a ceiling/constraint for credit ratings assigned to corporations that operate within the country. The question of whether sovereign ratings are significant in determining corporate ratings was also explored. Design/methodology/approach To test the hypothesis regarding the rating of corporates relative to sovereigns, a longitudinal panel design was followed. The analysis employed fixed effects and generalized method of moments techniques. Findings The main findings are that sovereign ratings both act as a ceiling for corporate ratings and are important determinants of corporate ratings in South Africa. The findings however indicated that company specific variables (accounting variables) are not significant in explaining credit risk ratings assigned to corporates. Research limitations/implications This study only looked at the rating activity done by Standard and Poor’s (S&P). A possible further study could explore the hypothesis tested in this research using data from multiple rating agencies and contrast the results across different agencies. Future studies could also look at crisis periods and how the transfer risk discussed in this paper manifests during the transfer period. Practical implications The results have implications for the borrowing costs incurred by corporates in South Africa when participating in the international debt market. The implication is that if the sovereign is poorly rated, the corporates may be limited in their ability to secure investor funding at competitive rates from the international financial markets. Thus, should South Africa be downgraded to non-investment grade by S&P, the implications may be that South African corporates on average may suffer the same fate. Originality/value Extant literature predominantly utilizes foreign currency ratings. To the extent that this study uses local currency ratings, it adds a new dimension in the body of related studies.
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Vermeulen, Leopold, and Retha Wiesner. "Downsizing and the survivor syndrome: The South African case." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 3, no. 3 (2000): 387–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v3i3.2618.
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The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical data about the effect of workforce reduction on "survivors" in the public (n=158) and private (n=71) sectors in South Africa. Analysis of the effects of workforce reduction indicated that downsizing affected the survivors negatively. Employee morale, staff commitment and motivation plummeted, while job dissatisfaction and concern about job security increased conspicuously. It was found that the negative effects were more prevalent in the public than the private sector. Depth and frequency of downsizing seem not to intensify the survivor syndrome.
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Kidd, Michael. "Public Interest Environmental Litigation: Recent Cases Raise Possible Obstacles." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 5 (2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i5a2709.
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Despite the broadening of locus standi in environmental cases by both Section 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, and Section 32 of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998, two recent cases suggest that the pre-constitutional approach to locus standi still holds sway in our Courts. Moreover, failure to recognise the environmental right in Section 24 of the Constitution may be an impediment to applicants' ability to bring an interdict application successfully. Correct use of the relevant constitutional provisions ought to obviate such problems, but alternatives are suggested. In the course of the article, it is suggested that the rule in Patz v Greene is no longer relevant and should be consigned to the history books.